QUAN HE AN NINH QUOC PHONG MY - AN 0 0
Q
uan he ddi tac chie'n lUdc My - An Dp trong thap ky qua phat trien toan dien va kha td't dep.Trong dd, sii phat trien nhanh chdng cua quan he an ninh - qud'c phdng dUdc coi la khia canh rd r i n g nhi't trong chuyen bie'n cua quan he My - An tii nam 2000. Dieu nay dUdc the hien qua tinh thudng xuyen va quy md cua cdc cugc tap trdn chung, cdc cugc ddi thogi, trao doi nhdn sU, cdc chuyen thdm cap cao, cdng nhU hdp tdc vd mua bdn cong nghe qudn sU. Ca hai nUdc deu nhan thiic dUdc viec tang cudng quan he an ninh - qud'c phdng My - An cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec dam bao boa binh va dn dinh d Nam A. Muc tieu thiic day quan he qud'c phdng vdi An Dp dUdc the hien rd khi Tdng tU lenh Dennis Blair tuyen bd: "Chiing toi tin tUdng rdng mgt quan he quo'c phong My - An phdt trien tdt dep co the co vai tro
quan trgng ddi vdi hod binh, an ninh vd tu do d chdu A"\
1. Cac m u c tieu va Itfi ich chien lufofc cua My va An Do
Sau sU kien 11/9, an ninh, qud'c phdng la linh vUc hdp tac cbinh trong quan he giiia My va An Dp. Khi My phat ddng cupc chie'n chd'ng khiing bd' thi An Dp la mdt trong nhiing nUdc dau tien ung hd chie'n dich nay. Mdi lien he an ninh qud'c phdng giiia hai nudc diia tren cd sd ngay cang tang sii hai hoa giiia cac ldi Ich ciia My va An Dp, dac biet la nhiing ldi ich d khu vUc
ThS. Le Thj T h u Vien Nghien citu Chdu My
td Trung Ddng de'n Ddng Nam A. Ca Sli hai hoa ve ldi Ich va cac diem kbac biet se dinh hudng quan he My - An Dp trong thap ky tdi.
* Cdc ldi ich chien lUdc cua My Trong q u i khii, hai khu vUc nam trong ldi Ich chie'n lUdc cua My la tay Thai Binh DUdng, Trung Ddng va vinh Persian. Hien nay. My ngay cang chii trpng de'n cac mdi quan he kinh te - chinh tri d chau A, ddng thdi sii ndi len ciia Trung Qud'c va An Dp cang lam gia tang tam quan trpng chie'n lupc cua An Dp trong con m i t cua My.
Di san dan chu, thanh qua kinh te an tupng ciia An Dp dUdc xem la cac yeu td' ha'p dan de My theo dudi quan he chie'n lUdc than can hdn. Cac quan chiic My hy vpng An Dp ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec dinh hudng mdi trUdng chie'n lUdc d chau A.
My mong mud'n An Dp ciing tich ciic tham gia cupc chie'n chd'ng chu nghia khiing bd' qud'c te, ngan chin phd bie'n vu khi buy diet hang loat, va dam bao an ninh nang lUdng d An Dp Dudng. An Dp Dudng la con dudng huyet maeh van chuyen nang lUdng ciia My, Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban va cac nen kinh te Ddng A, ddng thdi la dai dUdng thudc pham vi the liic cila An Dp. An Dp ciing da tham gia Sang kien an ninh Container, sang kien nay cd muc tieu cai thien an ninh thUdng mai qud'c te...
Cac si quan cbi huy hai quan cao cap My da ndi ve mdt "ddi tac hang
hai toan cau", day la mdt khudn kho hdp tac bao gdm ca hai quan va hang hai dan sii cua cac nUdc chau A va An Dp DUdng. Hp coi An Dp nhU mpt thanh p h i n tham gia quan trpng nhat trong cd ca'u hdp tac linh hoat nay.
Cac trai nghiem thUc te trong hdp tac vdi An Dp sau tham hoa Tsunami d chau A nam 2005 da khien My cang de cao tam quan trpng cua mdi quan he ngay cang phat trien vdi An Dp.
Mdt ly do quan trpng khae khien My can tdi An Dp la de thiic thi chinh sach ddi ngoai tai Nam A. Thiic te cho tha'y My khdng the mdt minh dn dinh tinh hinh Nam A ma khdng cd sii hau thuan ciia An Dp.
*Cdc muc tieu chien lUdc cua An Do
Cac ldi Ich chie'n lUdc cua An Dp b chau A gdm hai phan: dam bao an ninh d cac nUdc lien ke va bao ve ldi ich cua An Dp (bao gdm ca nhu cau n i n g lUdng va phat trien kinh te) d cac nUdc chau A va Trung Ddng.
Chinh sach an ninh qud'c gia ciia An Dp diia tren gia thuye't cac nUdc lien ke gap nguy hiem va bat dn cue bd tii nhiing nUdc lang gieng dd gay ra sU rdi loan trong nUdc cua An Dp. Quan he cua An Dp vdi Pakistan ludn la mdi quan he nhay cam. An Dp thUdng can ngan bat cii lien can triic tie'p nao ciia My vao cac van de dia chinh tri ciia khu viic. Tuy nhien, quan he td't dep vdi My se khien An Dp va My cd sii lien ke't chat che hdn trong chinh sach ddi vdi cac van de d Nepal, Bangladesh va Sri Lanka.
Chinh sach qud'c phdng ciia An Dp d khu viic Nam A cd ban la tren da't lien. Vdi hdn 1,3 trieu nhan sii. An Dp
la nUdc cd liic lUdng quan sU ldn thii ba the gidi, sau Trung Qud'c va My.
Ngan sach qud'c phdng cua An Dp tang 11% vdi khoang 28 ty USD nam 2007 va tang len hdn 30% tii nam 2000. NgUdc lai, an ninh trong bdi canh chau A va An Dp DUdng phu thudc nhieu hdn tren bien va tren khdng. Hai quan An Dp mud'n duy tri liic lUdng quan sii chiem Uu the hdn d An Dp DUdng. Trong nhiing nam viia qua, quan he cua hp vdi Hai quan My da trd nen mat thiet hdn.
Ngoai cac van de b khu viic Nam A, quan t a m ldn cua An Dp d chau A gdm ca dam bao an ninh dUdng giao thdng huyet maeh ciia An Dp ve thUdng mai, d i u tU, va quan trpng nha't la nang lUdng.
* Cdc quan diem tUdng dong vd bdt dong
Ca My va An Dp deu tim kiem cam ke't hoa binh vdi Trung Qud'c, mac du ca hai nUdc deu coi Trung Qud'c la mdt quan ngai tiem tang ve an ninh va khdng mud'n bat ky qud'c gia nao thd'ng tri chau A. Trung Qud'c la mdt ddi tac thUdng mai hang dau vdi ca My va An Dp, va hai nUdc nay deu khdng mud'n lam tang quan ngai. cua Trung Qud'c ve "sii bao vay" hay coi Trung Qud'c nhU mdt ke thii. Tuy nhien, An Dp khdng mudn hi coi la mdt nhan to' trong chie'n lUdc cua My ddi vdi Trung Qud'c.
Ddng thdi, an ninh vung nang lUdng d An Dp Dudng cd le la van de ma cac nha phan tich My va An Dp cd nhieu diem ddng nha't. Gid'ng nhU An Dp, cac quan chiic an ninh My coi sii an toan d vUng bien cd vai trd rat quan trpng ddi vdi an ninh qud'c gia.
Ldi ich cua My d An Dp Dudng chu yeu dUdc thiic day bdi mong mud'n bao
ve thi trudng nang lUdng toan cau.
Hdn mdt niia ngudn cung cap dau liia ciia the gidi n i m d cac viing bien An Dp Dudng, va viec gian doan cac ngudn cung cap nang lUdng se cd t i c ddng ldn tdi nUdc My.
Bat ddng ldn nha't giiia cac muc tieu an ninh cua My va An Dp la van de quan he An Dp - Pakistan. An Dp coi Pakistan nhu ngudn gd'c cua chii nghia khung bd', va dieu dd tac ddng de'n An Dp, khdng chi d Kashmir ma cdn d cac viing khae trong nUdc. Trong khi dd, ve cd ban Washington coi Pakistan nhU mdt ddng minh trong cupc chie'n chd'ng khiing bd'.
0 Trung Ddng, An Dp va My cd chung cac quan ngai ve chu nghia khiing bd' va cac ngudn cung cap n i n g lUdng nhUng kbac nhau ve each thiic hien viec dd. An Dp cd mdi quan he tot vdi Israel, nhUng ndi chung van tranh cac boat ddng cd the gay thu dich vdi cac nUdc Arap. Viec An Dp tii chdi yeu cau giii quan tham gia t i i thie't Iraq cUng da khien My that vpng. Mdt nguyen nhan bat hoa niia d Trung Ddng la van de Iran, My mud'n Iran bi cd lap va kiem che, trong khi dd An Dp tie'p tuc theo dudi cac thoa thuan nang lUdng vdi Iran va can Iran de cd the tie'p can vdi Afghanistan va Trung A.
Ngay ca khi cac muc tieu chie'n lUdc cua My va An Dp gid'ng nhau, thi v i n cd kbac biet dang ke trong each thiic hien muc tieu dd. Ching ban nhU, mong mud'n da dang hoa cac ngudn nang lUdng ciia An Dp va quan ngai cua hp ve boat ddng cua Trung Qud'c d An Dp DUdng da khien hp phai dam phan vdi hdi ddng tU van quan sU d Myanmar (Burma), day la mdt sU tUdng phan vdi thai dp khdng khoan nhUdng cua Washington. Cac khae
biet tUdng tii cd the ke den^ nhiing thoa thuan ve d i u liia cua An Dp d Sudan va Nigeria.
2. Cof c h e h d p t a c va doi t h o a i Khdng gid'ng vdi quan he qud'c phdng My - Pakistan da cd lich sU phat trien tii nhiing nam 1950, quan he hdp tac qud'c phdng giiia My va An Dp gan day mdi phat trien. Tii nam 2001, mac du My ndi lai quan he biiu nghi vdi Pakistan, quan he an ninh My - An v i n phat trien manh, cac nha ngoai giao My danh gia hdp tac quan Sli la khia canh quan trpng nha't trong chuyen bie'n quan he song phUdng giiia My va An Dp.
Trong thap ky qua, An Dp va My da xiic tie'n mdt loat cac cupc ddi thoai chie'n lupc. Cd che ddi thoai chinh cua cac cupc ddi thoai chie'n lUdc qud'c phdng la Nhom chinh sdch quoc phong (DPG) do Bd trUdng Qud'c phdng An Dp va Thii trUdng Qud'c phdng My diing dau. Nhdm Chinh sach qud'c phdng My - An da dan dan boat ddng cd hieu qua, va tii cudi nam 2001 trd di da cd cac cupc ddi thoai dUdc td chiic hang nam. DPG td chiic hdi nghi lan thii 8 vao thang 11/ 2006 d New Delhi. Cac tieu nhdm nhu Nhom sdn xudt vd thu mua quoc phong, Nhom hdp tdc qudn sU, Nhom cong nghe chung vd Nhom cong nghe an ninh cao cap ciing boat ddng hieu qua va hd trd tich ciic cho DPG...
Trong thdi gian tdi, Nhdm cbinb sach qud'c phdng van tie'p tuc cd vai trd la cd che chinh chi dao quan he qud'c phdng chien lUdc My - An. Nhdm nay se cd dieu chinh thich hdp ve cd ca'u va tinh thudng xuyen ciia cac cupc gap mat. Cdn cac tieu nhdm dUdc thoa thuan bdi ddng chii toa Nhdm cbinb
sach qud'c phdng dam bao duy tri dUdc mdt cd che hieu qua cho hdp tac qud'c phdng My - An.
Ngoai ra. My va An Dp cdn duy tri Nhdm cong tdc chung ve chdng khung bd. Nhdm nay dUdc hai nUdc t h a n h lap sau vu tan cdng vao Dai sii quan My d Kenya va Tanzania vao thang 8/1998, va vu khdng tac danh vao may bay cua An Dp vao thang 12/1999 d Kandahar. Mdt Hiep udc chung ve hd trd phap ly giiia hai nUdc da dUdc ky ke't giiia Bd trudng Ndi vu An Dp L. K. Advani va Bd trudng Ngoai giao My Colin Powel trong chuyen tham cua dng de'n An Dp vao ngay 16-17 t h i n g 10/2001. Nhdm nay boat ddng kha t h a n h cdng trong viec chd'ng chii nghia khiing bd' nhUng khdng giai quye't dUdc cac khae biet giiia hai nUdc trong van de Pakistan.
Tie'n bd tii Hiep dinh Budc tie'p theo trong quan he chie'n lUdc (NSSP) ciing se la mdt nhan to' quan trpng dinh hudng hdp tac an ninh qud'c phdng My - An. Hdp tac an ninh qud'c phdng giiia hai nUdc phat trien nhanh nha't ke tii khi My va An Dp thdng qua NSSP vao nam 2001. Sang kien
NSSP bao gdm cam ke't md rdng ve van de dieu chinh va an toan hat nhan, phdng thu ten liia, hdp tac trong Imh viic sii dung cdng nghe khdng gian vi muc dich hoa binh, cac budc de tao lap mot mdi trUdng thich hdp cho giao dich thUdng mai cdng nghe cao. Ke tif khi cd Sang kien nay, mdt loat cac cdng ty qud'c phdng My da md van phdng tai An Dp va ky ke't nhiing thoa thuan quan trpng vdi Chinh phu An Dp (ta't ca cac budc can tbiet de thiic day ldng tin giiia hai nudc va thiic day an ninh ndi dia va qud'c phdng ciia An Dp). Mdi quan he
nhu the se tao ra cac ldi Ich ca ve quan sii, chinh tri va kinh te cho ca hai nUdc.
"Khudn kho mdi trong quan he quoc phong My - An" dUdc xae dinh va ky ke't giuta Bp trUdng Qud'c phdng An Dp Pranab Makherjee va Bp trudng Qud'c phdng My Donald Rumsfeld vao 29/6/2005 danh da'u mdt budc phat trien mdi trong quan he qud'c phdng, day la mdt nhan to' md rdng quan he ddi tac chie'n lUdc giiia My va An Dp.
Khudn kho mdi nay dinh hUdng mdt Id trinh cho quan he qud'c phdng An Dp - My trong 10 nam tie'p theo, theo dd se hd trd md rdng hdn niia quan he ddi tac toan cau ma cac nha lanh dao nd liic tao ra. Quan he qud'c phdng My - An Dp xua't phat tii niem tin chung ve tu do, dan chu, quy t i c luat, va nd liic tim kiem cac quan tam chung ve an ninh. Cac quan tam chung nay bao gdm: duy tri an ninh va dn dinh; thu tieu chu nghia khung bd' va chu nghia cUc doan tdn giao; chd'ng phd bie'n cac loai vu khi buy diet hang loat va bao ve tu do trao ddi thUdng mai qua da't lien, hang khdng va viing bien.
Theo ndi dung ciia Khudn kho mdi nay, de theo dudi muc tieu chung tren va ngay cang phat trien quan he chie'n lUdc My - An Dp, thi quan he qud'c phdng hai nUdc can dap iing cac cdng viec sau: td chiic cac cupc tap tran chung; cpng tac trong nhieu boat ddng da phUdng; tang cUdng kha nang ciia hai luc lUdng quan dpi trong viec thiic day an ninh va chd'ng chu nghia khung bd'; md rpng hdp tac de bao ve dn dinh va an ninh khu viic ciing nhU toan cau; tang cUdng kha nang chd'ng pho bie'n vii khi buy diet hang loat;
md rpng quan he thUdng mai qud'c phdng song phUdng; tang cUdng cd hdi trao ddi cdng nghe, cpng tac, san xua't,
nghien ciiu va p h i t trien; md rdng hdp tac trong linh viic phdng thu ten liia; tich ciic hdp tac trong cac boat ddng gin giii hoa binh; td chiic cac cupc trao ddi ve chie'n lUdc qud'c phdng; tang cUdng trao ddi thdng tin tinh bao va tie'p tuc thao luan chie'n lUdc giiia cac lanh dao cao cap tii Bd Qud'c phdng My va Bd Qud'c phdng An Dp n h i m muc dich tang cUdng hieu biet chung, day manh cac muc tieu chung va hudng tdi giai phap chung trong nhieu van de.
Ngay 29/6/2005, My va An Dp da ky Hiep dinh qud'c phdng 10 nam v l Tdng thd'ng George W. Bush nhl'n manh r i n g My san sang giiip An Dp trd thanh "cUdng qud'c the gidi", ddng thdi ling hd New Delhi cd mdt ghe trong Hdi ddng Bao an Lien hdp qud'c.
Washington cdn ung hd dii I n qud'c phdng toan dien Seabird ciia An Dp, trong dd cd viec xay diing can cii hai quan Karwar, mdt c i n cii khdng quan, mdt kho vii khi hai quan va trung tam ten liia.
Trong chuyen t h i m ciia Td'ng thd'ng Bush de'n An Dp vao t h i n g 3/2006, hai nUdc da nha't tri ky ke't mdt Khudn kho hdp tdc hdng hdi n h i m t i n g cUdng an ninh, n g i n ehan nan cUdp bien va cac tdi pham xuyen qud'c gia kbac tren bien, thiic hien cac boat ddng tim kiem va ciiu hd, chd'ng d nhiem bien, ddi phd vdi thien tai...
Vao t h i n g 12/2006, Qud'c hdi My thdng qua dao luat Henry J. Hyde - Dgg ludt ve hdp tdc ndng lUdng nguyen tii hod binh My - An - sU kien nay danh da'u bUdc ngoat trong quan he song phUdng. Dao luat nay siia ddi lai luat ciia My, cho phep My md rdng hdp tac hat nhan dan sii vdi An Dp.
Vao t h i n g 7 nam 2007, My va An Dp da dat dUdc mdt bUdc ngoat lich sii
trong quan he ddi tac chien lUdc khi hoan thanh cac cupc dam phan hiep dinh song phUdng ve hdp tac hat nhan hoa hinh, dUdc biet de'n nhU "Hiep dinh 123". Hiep dinh nay dUdc Ngoai trUdng My Condoleeza Rice va Ngoai trudng An Dp Mukherjee ky vao t h i n g 10/2008.
Ddi thoai giiia hai nUdc trong linh vUc hdp tac qud'c phdng van tie'p tuc dUdc md rdng. Chuyen tham An Dp cua Bd trudng Qud'c phdng My Robert Gates vao ngay 26-27 t h i n g 2/2008 v l chuyen tham My cua Bd trUdng Qud'c phdng An Dp Raksha Mantri vao ngay 7-10 t h i n g 9/2008 da tie'p tuc thiic day hdp tac giiia hai nUdc trong linh viic nay.
Cbuye'n t h i m An Dp cua Ngoai trudng My Hillary Clinton trong t h i n g 7 vifa qua vdi mdt sd' thoa thuan quan trdng dat dUdc giiia hai ben da phan anh nd liic "xich lai" gan nhau giiia Washington va New Dehli trong bdi canh mdi ciia the ky XXI.
Trong chuyen tham nay, My va An Dp ciing da ddng y ky ke't mdt Hiep Udc quan sii ma theo dd My se ban cac loai vU khi tdi tan cho An Dp.
3. Cac cuoc tap tran c h u n g "
Trong nhiing nam vifa qua. An Dp da tie'n hanh nhieu cupc tap tran chung vdi My d An Dp DUdng. Mac du vay, chinh phu An Dp v i n coi can cii Diego Garcia cua My d An Dp Dudng va Sli cd mat thudng xuyen ciia quan dpi My tai dd la mdt budc leo thang tiem tang cho mdt cupc chie'n tranh tUdng lai, dac biet la cac boat ddng cua My d Iraq va Afghanistan.
^ Tif dau nam 2002, My va An Dp da td chiic hang loat cac cupc tap tran chung tren ta't ca cac linh viic, ca ve
hai quan, quan dpi va Liic lifdng biet kich. Die biet, vao thang 9/2003, liic lUdng biet kich cua My va An Dp da to' chiic cac cupc tap tran chung keo dai hai tuan d g i n bien gidi An Dp - Trung Qud'c. Cac cupc tap t r a n cua hai quan ba nUdc An Dp, My, va Nhat Ban da dUdc td chiic d vung bien cua Nhat Ban. My ciing tang cUdng trao ddi ve dao tao va hua'n luyen quan sii, die biet la gin giii hoa binh, trong dd An Dp la mdt liic lUdng chu chdt.
Sau vu sdng than Tsunami kinh hoang d Nam A va Ddng Nam A vao t h i n g 12/2004, Hai quan An Dp va My da nd liic cdng tac tim kie'm, cifu nan va tai thiet khu viic nay. Kha nang hdp t i e quan sii My - An Dp da trd nen rd rang sau sii kien nay, lUc lUdng hai quan, khdng quan cua An Dp va My n i m trong so' nhiing lUc lUdng dau tien nhanh chdng ciiu trd nhan dao d day. Ke tif sau dd, mdi quan he phdng thu My - An da trd nen tich ciic hdn nhieu. Mdt Hiep dinh Khong gian md da dUdc ky ke't vao t h i n g 4/2005. Hiep dinh nay tao dieu kien thiic day hdp t i e thUdng mai va kinh te ldn hdn giiia hai nUdc do Hiep dinh da dd bd cac ddi hdi ban che may bay chd hang giiia hai nUdc.
Liic lUdng biet kich cua My va An Dp da 5 l l n phdi hdp td chiic cac cupc tap tran chung "Vajra Prahar", va It nha't 133 nha quan sii tai ba trong Luc lUdng biet kich cua My da tham gia. Cupc tap tran hai quan gan day nha't vao 3/5/2009: Malabar 2009 la mpt vi du dien hinh cho chUdng trinh dien tap cbung ngay cang tang giiia bai nudc. An Dp ddng vai trd chinh trong cupc tap tran hai quan Malabar 2009, trong dd cd khoang 4000 quan cua An Dp, My va Nhat Ban cizng
hua'n luyen tren bien, tren bd va cac boat dpng tren khdng.
4. Thifdng m a i quo'c p h o n g Trong sud't thdi ky Chie'n tranh Lanh, An Dp tiing mua h a u he't vii khi va t r a n g thie't bi qud'c phdng tii Lien bang Xd vie't, nhUng nhiing nam gan day cac thUdng vu mua ban giiia My va An Do da t a n g len nhanh chdng. My da cd nhiing budc khdi dau td't dep trong viec t h a m n h a p vao thi trUdng vii khi mdi va day tiem nang nay (cac thUdng vu mua ban vii khi cua An Dp dii kien se tang gap ddi - tren 30 ty USD trUdc nam 2012 va cd the dat miic ky luc la 80 ty USD trudc nam 2022).
Ciing vdi hdp tac qud'c phdng, quan he thUdng mai qud'c phdng giiia hai nUdc tiing budc dUdc xay diing va phat trien. Nhieu nha nghien ciiu dii doan ke hoach hien dai hoa qud'c phdng cua An Dp cd the tang tdi 50 ty USD trong vai nam t d i l Vu mua ban vu khi ldn nha't cua My vdi An Dp la vao nam 2002, khi dd Lau Nam gde da dam phan nhUdng thie't bi radar tri gia 190 trieu USD. An Dp cung danh 29 trieu USD de t r a n g bi cac thie't hi chd'ng khiing bd' cho liic lUdng biet kich cua minh...
Ong Uday Bhaskar, mpt nha phan tich quan sii ndi tieng d An Dp ndi:
"Toi nghi rdng trong thin gian gdn ddy dd c6 sii thay ddi trong moi quan he CO thdi dUdc mo td Id mdi quan he lanh nhat. An Do vd Hoa Ky dang tien gdn tdi cho chu dgng giao tie'p vdi
nhau mot cdch than trgng. Vd trong bdi cdnh ndy. An Do dd bdt ddu tim kiem ngudn cung dng khd tin nhd't cho cdc logi trang thie't bi qudn si/, vd ro rdng la Hoa Ky co mot vi the rdt
khd tin tren todn cdu cua mot nUdc cung Ung cdc logi thiet bi quan trang."
Tii nam 2003, My da b i t dau dd bd nhiing ban che cua minh trong hdp tac va trao ddi qud'c phdng. Mdt ddng thai quan trpng trong quan he qud'c phdng My - An la tuyen bd' Nhdng budc tie'p theo cita quan he dd'i tdc chien lUdc, An Dp da md rdng khudn khd p h i p ly ve kiem soat xui't khau va Sli dung cac cdng nghe nhay cam, giiip My cd the dd bd mdt sd' kiem soat da dupc dung len n h i m ngan xua't khau nhiing cdng nghe nay sang An Dp. Trong n i m 2004, Qud'c hdi My da thdng bao ban he thd'ng tii bao ve may bay tri gii 40 trieu USD cho An Dp (miy bay chuyen chd cac nguyen thii An Dp 737). Ngoii ra, Bd Ngoai giao My ciing da cho phep Israel ban cho An Dp he thd'ng canh bao sdm khdng van Phalcon - he thd'ng do My va Israel ciing trien khai.
Thing 3/2005, My da tuyen bo cho phep cac tap doan ciia My ky ket nhiing hpp ddng ldn cung cap miy bay chie'n da'u hien dai cbo khdng lUc An Dp, bao gdm ca viec My san sing cap phep cho cac may bay la san pham hdp t i e vdi An Dp, sU kien nay danh da'u budc dot pha mdi trong chinh sach cap phep cua My. My ciing da san xui't va ban may bay chien da'u F- 1 6 v a F - 1 8 c h o A n D d .
Trong nam 2006, Qud'c hdi My cho phep va An Dp da phe chuan thUdng vu mua ban tau van tai USS Trenton (dUdc d l t ten la Jalashwa) tri gia gan 50 trieu USD. Viec My ban cho Hai quan An Dp Landing Platform Dock (LPD)14 vao ngay 17/1/2007 la mdt sii kien quan trpng, day la l l n dau tien Hai quan An Dp cd loai tau nay. Vdi trpng lUdng nUdc re khoang 17000
tan, LPD la con tau ldn cua Hai quan An Dp.
Chie'c tau van tai Jalashwa An Dp dat mua tii IVIy vao t h i n g 6/2007 la tau chie'n dau tien ma Hai quan An Dp mua cua My va la chiec ldn thii hai ma An Dp sd hiiu sau tau san bay INS Viraat. t r o n g t h i n g 5/2007, Lau Nam gde ciing da thdng bao trUdc Qud'c hdi kha n i n g ban cho An Dp 6 may bay van tai C-130J Hercules tri gia gan 1 ty USD (kem theo cac thiet hi, dich vu va hua'n luyen), de'n t h i n g 1/2008, My va An Dp da ky mdt hiep dinh de h o i n thien thUdng vu mua ban nay, day ciing cbinb la giao dich thUdng mai qud'c phdng ldn nhi't cua My vdi An Dp. Cac chuyen gia qud'c phdng cho biet day la mdt trong nhiing thoa thuan vii khi ldn nhi't cua An Dp vdi My ke tii khi An Dp gianh dUdc ddc lap tii Anh nam 1947 va cho thI'y New Delhi It phu thudc vao cac san pham qud'c phdng ciia Nga.
Su kien Hiep dinh hdp tac hat nhan dan sii dUdc ky ke't giUa hai nUdc ciing cd nhieu t i c ddng de'n quan he thUdng mai qud'c phdng. Hiep dinh hdp t i c hat nhan dan sii (ANC) My - An dUdc Tdng thd'ng My George W.
Bush va Thu tUdng An Dp Manmoban Singh ky t h i n g 7/2005, cho phep cac cdng ty My ban cdng nghe hat nhan vi' muc dich hoa binh cho An Dp, My se cung cap cac Id phan iing va nhien lieu hat nhan cho An Dp de hd trd chUdng trinh phat trien nang lUdng hat nhan dan sU d An Dd- Ve phan minh. An Dp se dUdc phep tiep can vdi cdng nghe My, mua may mde tien tien de phuc vu cho nghien ciiu hat nhan, dUdc tiep can cdng nghe va nang lUdng nguyen tii gia re ciia phifdng Tay, vdi dieu kien An Dp cha'p thuan
thanb sat vien qud'c te cua Cd quan Nang lUdng Nguyen tii Qud'c te (IAEA) va tuan thu cac quy dinh chung tai cac nha may hat nhan dan Sli cua An Dp. Vdi Hiep dinh nay. My bai bd lenh cam cac hoat ddng thUdng mai hat nhan dan sii keo dai sud't ba thap ky qua vdi An Dp, ddng thdi Nhdm Cung cap hat nhan (NSG) gdm 45 qud'c gia ciing ddng y xoa bd lenh cam van budn ban hat nhan dan sii vdi qud'c gia nay.
Vu mua ban quan sU gan day nha't la ke hoach mua hdn 100 may bay chien da'u da nang cho liic lUdng khdng quan ciia An Dp. An Dp dii dinh mua nhieu cdng nghe may tinh hdn de liic lupng vii trang ciia hp cd the ke't ndi thdng tin chie'n trUdng td't hdn. Mdi day, mdt quan chiic thudc cdng ty Lockheed Martin phat bieu vdi hang tin Reuters rang An Dp cd the la thi trUdng qud'c phdng ldn nha't khu vUc chau A vdi cac hdp ddng cung cap vii khi cho lUc lUdng khdng quan, hai quan va thdng tin tri gia 20 ty USD.
Cudi t h i n g 3/2009, chi'nh quyen Tdng thd'ng Barack Obama da phe chuan ban cho An Dp 8 may bay tuan tra tren bien loai Co P-8I do hang Boeing che tao, tri gia 2,1 ty USD, cho den nay day la thUdng vu mua ban ldn nha't cua My vdi nUdc nay. Nhiing chie'c P-8I se thay the 8 chie'c Tupolev-142Ms cua Nga vd'n cii ky va td'n xang.
Ngoai cac thUdng vu mua ban vii khi giiia bai nUdc, hien An Dp dang hy vpng cd the phdi hdp vdi My xay dung he thd'ng phdng thu ten liia dan dao (BMD), die biet sau vu khiing bd' t h i n g 11/2008 dMumbai.
Trong chuyen tham An Dp cudi thang 7 vifa qua ciia Ngoai trUdng My Hillary Clinton, hai nudc ciing da nha't tri mpt thoa t h u a n quan sii
(Hiep udc quan sU) cho phep ban cac loai vii khi tinh vi ciia My cho An Dp.
Theo thoa t h u a n nay, cac hdp ddng mua ban thie't bi quan sii nhay cam trong tUdng lai giiia hai nUdc se cd mdt dieu khoan dam bao An Dp sii dung diing muc dich cac loai vii khi dUdc mua, ddng thdi khdng dUdc chuyen giao cho ben thii ba. Dii kien An Dp se chi khoang 30 ty USD trong vdng 5 nam de hien dai kho vii khi cua minh, 12 ty USD trong so' dd se dUdc dimg de mua 126 may bay chie'n da'u da chiic nang cho liic lUdng khdng quan cua nUdc nay.
Viec dat dUdc thoa t h u a n nay la ke't qua cu the trong chi'nh sach tang cUdng quan he vdi An Dp cua Tong thd'ng Obama, ddng thdi cho tha'y vai trd ngay cang quan trpng cua An Dp trong chinh sach ddi ngoai chung ciia My. Thoa t h u a n nay khdng nhiing dem lai ldi Ich cho An Dp ma cdn dem lai ldi ich cho cac cdng ty cua My, dac biet la tap doan Lockheed Martin Corp va Boeing Co- cac tap doan nay trUdc dd da phai canh t r a n h vdi nhieu nha thau qud'c phdng tai nhieu qud'c gia nhu Nga, Phap, Thuy Dien va Anh de cung cap 126 may bay chie'n da'u da nang cho An Dp. Day se la mdt trong nhiing hdp ddng vu khi ldn nha't tren the gidi khi An Dp tie'n hanh hien dai kho vu khi ldn cua minh do Nga san xua't. -,..-. ,, ,
Chi'nh cac thUdng vu mua ban qud'c phdng giiia hai nUdc da mang lai cd hdi de My va An Dp dUa linh vUc hdp tac qud'c phdng ndi rieng va quan he hdp tac chie'n lUdc giiia hai nUdc ndi chung phat trien len tam cao mdi.
Ket l u a n
Giiia My va An Dp cd nhiing diem tUdng ddng ve ldi ich tao cd sd de xay
dung mdt quan he ddi t i e thiic sii.
Tuy nhien, trong quan he My - An Dp v i n tdn tai khdng It thach thifc bat ddng, mau t h u i n , can trd quan he hdp t i c giiia hai qud'c gia. Mud'n quan he giiia hai nUdc ngay cang phat trien thi nhiem vu ciia My va An Dp la phai ludn n i m bat va giai quye't dUdc cic thach thiic dd. Trong dd, t h i c h thiic ldn nha't la chd'ng khiing bd', budn b i n ma tuy, phd bie'n vu khi hat nhan, v l de lam dUdc viec nay hai nUdc se phai t i n g cUdng mdi quan he qud'c phdng, tinh bao v l thiic thi p h i p luat, hdp t i c chat che hdn de c h i n ddng tai trd cho cac phan tii khiing bd'. V ' • ^
Tii sau Chie'n tranh Lanh, My va An Dp da dat dUpc nhieu cai thien dang ke trong quan he song phUdng, dac biet la quan he an ninh qud'c phdng. Cai thien nay diia tren thiic te ve dia chinh tri hien nay va viec ngiy cang coi trpng hdi tu ldi Ich chie'n lUdc chi'nh d ca hai nUdc. An Dp can sii hd trd cila My de dat dUdc cac muc tieu ve an ninh, chinh tri, kinh te va cdng nghe can thie't tien den vi tri cUdng qud'c toan ciu. Hdp tac qud'c phdng My - An ngay cang phat trien, nhieu di'u hieu cho thI'y quan be nay se tie'p tuc phat trien trong nhiing n i m tdi.
Tie'n trinb va trien vpng deu rl't sing siia. Thay cho ldi ke't, xin trich dan trong mdt bai bao cdng bd' gan day
"People, Progress and Partnership:
The Transformation of US - India Relations", muc tieu ciia quan he qud'c phdng An Dp - My dUdc md ta: "Miic tieu cua viec phdt trien quan he qud'c phong song phUdng Id phdt trien khd
ndng vd long tin, ciing ddi mat vdi cdc vd'n de an ninh da phUdng, nhU bdo ve cdc nguon cung cap ndng lUdng vd
viing bien, td chdc cdc hogt dgng gin giii hod binh vd chdng khiing bd...' ".3 I
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1. Barack Obama on US - India relations, Interview by Ashish Kumar Sen, July 21, 2008.
2. Dana R. Dillon; U.S. Strategic Objectives in South Asia, The Heritage Foundation, July 7, 2005.
3. Defense New Staff: Deal Near in India - U.S. Export - Control Flap?, February 15, 2009.
4. Henry Sokolski, Gauging U.S.-India strategic cooperation, March 2007, www.StrategicStudiesInstitute,army, mil/
5. Jason Overdorf; India-US. military Partnership enters next Phrase, GlobalPost, June 11, 2009.
6. Keating Visit Promotes Growing US-India Military Relationship, Defense & Security News - By US Department of Defense on May 18, 2009.
7. Siddharth Srivastava; US allays India's defense fears,Uay 24, 2009.
B.Teresita C. Schaffer (Director, South Asia Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)), US-India relations Needed: A new ftind of Partnership, Washington D.C, June 25, 2008.
9. "US-India Joint Exercises Growing in Sophistication, Scope," Inside the Pentagon, J a n 31, 2008.
10. USINDIA Business Council; USIBC Launches "Star-Stangled" Defense mission to Deepen U.S. - India Defense & Security Ties, America's 'Best' on Display at Aero India 2009, Feb 11, 2009. • "
Chd thich:
1. Sumit Ganguly, Brian Shoup and Andrew Scobell; US - Indian Strategic Cooperation into the 21st century, 2006
2. Siddharth Srivastava; US allays India's defense fears. May 24, 2009
3. "Sea, Land, Air; The Military relationship is growing at a Flattering pace", Octobor 2004. ^ J ,, ;
