KY NIEM 64 NAM NGAY THANH lAP OUAH DPI NHAN DAN VIET NAM [22/12/1944 -22/12/20081 VA 62 NAM NGAY TOAN QUOC KHANG CHIEN [19/12/1946 -19/12/20081
MAY DUMG QUAN OOl N H A N D A N
THEO TirTUQNG HO CHI MINH
• TRUNG TUOnG, TS. PHUVNG MINH HOA (*)
T
u tuong Ho Chi Minh ve xay dung quan dpi nhan dan la tu tuong ehien tranh nhan dan Viet Nam va quoc phdng toan dan bao ve To quoc dupe Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thir IX cua Dang xac djnh la mot trong nhCing npi dung ea ban trong he thd'ng quan diem, tu tuang cua Ngudi ve each mang Viet Nam.Ke tif ngay thanh lap den nay, Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam da mang nhieu ten gpi khae nhau, nhu: Viet Nam tuyen truyen giai phdng quan (thang 12/1944); Viet Nam giai phdng quan (thang 4/1945); Ve quoe Doan (thang 9/1945); Quan dpi Quoe gia Viet Nam (thang 5/1946); Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam (thang 2/1951). Moi ten gpi the hien nhiem vu ehinh tri cua mot giai doan Ijch sir ma quan dpi ta da phan dau de thuc hien. La quan dpi chu luc, trudng thanh tu dpi du kich cac dja phuong Ion manh trd thanh giai phdng quan; do Trung uong Dang true tiep lanh dao va ehi buy thong nhat; la quan dpi chinh quy cua mot nha nude, cua mot quoe gia doe lap ed ehu quyen, bao ve vCrng chac ehinh quyen, bao ve tinh mang, tai san va quyen lam ehu eiia nhan dan, bao ve nen doc lap thd'ng nhat va ban sac van hoa dan toe. Dd la quan dpi cua nhan dan, vi nhan dan ma chien dau. Mac dii mang nhung ten gpi khae nhau do tinh hinh va nhiem vu each mang
(*) Uy vien BCH Trung uong Dang, Chinh uy Quan Chung Phong khong - Khong quan
trong mdi thdi ky phat trien Ijch sijr, quan dpi ta van la quan dpi nhan dan, thuc hien chirc nang dpi quan chien dau, dpi quan cong tac va doi quan san xua't. Nguyen tac xay dung quan doi theo tu tuong Ho Chi Minh luon 6ugc giu vung, bai vi:
Mot la, "Quan su phuc tung chinh tn"'",
"quan su ma khong cd chinh trj nhu eay khong cd gd'e, vd dung, lai cd hai"'^'. Su lanh dao cua Dang Cong san la nhan to quyet djnh ban chat each mang, su trudng thanh va chien thSng cua quan dpi nhan dan. Cd su lanh dao cua Dang, quan dpi ta ludn ludn lay viec xay dung ve chinh trj lam ca sd de nang eao sire manh chien dau tong hop, thudng xuyen tang cudng hieu luc cong tac Dang - cong tac chinh trj. Khi cd chinh quyen nha nude, trd thanh mot bp phan cua Nha nude, quan dpi ta tuan thu Hien phap va phap luat. Thuc tien Ijch su cho thay, co che quan ly cua Nha nude doi vdi quoc phong khdng lam suy yeu su lanh dao tuyet dd'i true tiep, ve mpi mat ciia Dang dd'i vdi quan dpi; vi quan dpi la mot to chirc quan su, khae vdi cac to chirc khae trong bp may nha nude... Dang true tiep lanh dao nha nude dong thdi true tiep lanh dao quan dpi.
Hai la, theo ChCi tjch Ho Chi Minh, ve nguyen t&c td chirc Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam: "Phai cd td chirc vi/ng ehac va nghiem mat"'^', "neu khdng cd td chirc thi khdng phai la mot dpi quan each mang, khdng the danh thang dupe ke thii, ket cue se roi vao tinh trang vd ehinh phii va tan ra"'"'. Ngudi chu
To chiirc :\ha nuwe so 12/2008
tarang xay dung luc luang vu trang ba thir quan, xac djnh diing dan mdi quan he giura bp dpi chii luc, bp dpi dja phuong va dan quan tu ve. Van dung sang tao nguyen tac tap trung dan chii ciia Dang vao xay dung quan dpi each mang, Ngudi neu rd ed td chirc manh mdi ed con ngudi manh. Con ngudi manh lam cho td chirc manh, Dang bp trong quan dpi lam ndng cot va hat nhan lanh dao, vira cd he thdng lanh dao, vira ed he thdng ehi huy, xac djnh rd lanh dao la tap the, chi huy la trach nhiem ca nhan.
Quan dpi phai ed ky luat s§t "quan lenh nhu son", xay dung quan dpi phai di doi vdi thuc hien dan chii, phe binh, tu phe binh tir dudi len, ehdng quan lieu, quan phiet, doe doan, chd'ng tu do vd ky luat.
Ba la, quan dpi ta la quan dpi cua dan, do dan va vi dan. Vi vay, phai ludn dung viing tren lap trudng cua giai cap cdng nhan, cd thai dp chinh trj diing dan trude nhurng mdi quan he ehinh trj co ban: vdi nhan dan, quan dpi ta la ngudi phuc vu trung thanh, cung nhan dan bao ve doe lap ehu quyen, ehe dp xa hdi, bao ve nha nude, bao ve Dang, bao ve thanh qua each mang, bao ve tinh mang, tai san va quyen lam chu cua nhan dan; vdi dat nude, quan dpi ta la cdng cu de bao ve doe lap thdng nhat toan ven lanh thd ciia Td qud'e, bao ve su binh dang va doan ket giura eae dan toe, gin giu ban sac van hoa dan tdc...; vdi bau ban, quan dpi ta tham nhuan tinh than quoe te vd san, iing hd su nghiep dau tranh cho doe lap dan tdc, tien bp xa hdi va hoa binh the gidi; vdi npi bp, thuc hien toan quan mot y chi, ky luat nghiem minh, dan chu, binh dang ve ehinh trj. Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da khai quat: "Quan dpi ta cd sire manh vd djch, vi nd la mot Quan dpi nhan dan do Dang ta xay dung, Dang ta lanh dao va giao duc"<^'.
Bon la, theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, trong xay dung quan dpi phai lay viec bdi dudng xay dung con ngudi la chinh. Bac Ho ndi: "Ngudi trudc sung sau". Chien lupe "trong ngudi" eiia Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da tao nen mot dpi ngu can bp quan dpi trung thanh, cd tri tue dap irng yeu cau kh^c nghiet eiia dau tranh va mpi thir thach eiia each mang. Ngudi ndi: "Mudn viec
thanh cdng hay that bai, deu do can bp td't hoac kem"'", "... can bp la cai gd'e eua mpi cdng viec"'". Dd'i vdi can bp trong quan dpi, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh yeu cau: "Tri, Dung, Nhan, Tin, Liem, Trung". Ngudi dat "Tri" len hang dau.
Theo dd, can bp quan su trude het phai la ngudi cd tri tue, khdng ngirng trau doi tri thire, nang cao tri tue mdi hoan thanh nhiem vu. Ngudi can bp phai cd giae ngp chinh tri han quan chiing, vi vay phai cd trinh dp hieu biet ve ehii nghTa Mac - Le-nin, khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van, khoa hpc ky thuat quan su; n i m vu'ng dudng Id!
chinh sach eiia Dang mdi tu giae phan dau theo dudng Id'i each mang ma Dang da vach ra, cd niem tin thang Ipi, dua vao can cir khoa hpc, cd ly luan de thuyet phuc quan ehiing, cd kha nang tdng ket thuc tien, phat huy sire sang tao cua quan ehung de gdp phan eu the hoa, bd sung dudng Id'i, chii truang cua Dang.
Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam da danh thing quan dpi nha nghe hai de quoe to, trudc het la thang bang tri tue, bang tai thao lupe, ke thira truyen thdng danh giae ciia td tien, tiep thu ed chpn Ipe nghe thuat quan su ciia nhan loai, cd phuong phap xem xet diing, hieu rd sire manh quan dpi ciia cac nude de qudc, sang tao each danh tai gidi. Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh nhain manh, quan dpi each mang phai: "nghien eiru each danh giac"'°' de "cd mot idi danh tai gidi thi tram tran tram thang". Neu "thieu nghien eiru tim hieu tinh hinh kha nang ta va dieh mot each tJ mi de dinh ra mue dich va each danh hpp ly thi se "mac nhieu khuyet diem". Ngudi can dan can bp phai chju khd hpc tap, khdng ngirng nang cao tri tue, van hoa de cd phuong hudng diing cho viec trau doi dao dire each mang. Chii tich Ho Chi Minh coi viec can bp hpc d trudng, d sach vd va trong thuc tien dau tranh each mang deu rat quan trpng. Theo Ngudi, hpc phai di doi vdi hanh, Idi ndi phai di doi vdi viec lam.
Ngudi coi trpng qua trinh xay dung quan dpi nhan dan phai la qua trinh ren luyen lau dai chien dau vdi ke thii, trong dau tranh chinh tri, trong van dpng quan ehiing, trong xay dung nang eao sire manh chien dau. Ban ITnh ehinh trj, ban ITnh chien dau eiia mdi quan nhan trong
T o c h u c iVhik n u o c s o 1 2 / 2 0 0 8
quan dpi chang nhung la su tich luy mot ham lupng tri tue ma cdn la ket qua eiia su dau tri giC/a ta va djch. Hon nira the ky xay dung va chien dau, quan dpi ta da bdi dudng dupe mot dpi ngu can bp quan su tuyet doi trung thanh vdi su nghiep each mang, gidi thao lupe, danh thang mpi ke thii. Trong Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam, cd nhieu can bp eao cap trudng thanh tir giai cap cdng nhan, ndng dan, tri thire each mang di len. Dd la mot thanh cdng Idn lao cua Dang va Bac Ho.
Trai qua 64 nam, quan dpi ta xay dung va chien dau theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, da hoan thanh nhiem vu trong chien tranh giai phdng dan tdc va bao ve vu'ng chac To qud'e Viet Nam xa hdi chu nghTa. Nhi/ng nam hoa binh, quan dpi ta la mot luc lupng rat quan trpng bao dam su on djnh chinh trj va an toan xa hdi ciia nude nha. Ngay nay, trong bdi canh mdi, dat nude bude vao thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, chiing ta dang dirng trude van hdi mdi va nhung thach thire mdi. Dang ta xac dinh xay dung va bao ve To qudc Viet Nam xa hdi chii nghTa la hai nhiem vu chien lupe. Nhiem vu ciia quan dpi ta rat nang ne, phai bao ve dupe hoa binh, gdp phan tao mdi trudng dn djnh de tien hanh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, bao ve doe lap ehii quyen, toan ven lanh thd, viing trdi, viing bien, bien gidi hai dao cua Td qudc, bao ve ehe dp xa hdi chu nghTa, bao ve Dang va Nha nude, bao ve quyen lam ehu eiia nhan dan, bao ve ban sac van hoa dan tdc, Ipi ich qudc gia, ehdng lai cac the luc thii djch vdi eae thu doan
"dien bien hoa binh", bao loan lat dd va san sang danh bai mpi cude ehien tranh xam lupe kieu mdi ciia djch. Chirc nang co ban eiia quan dpi la bao ve vung chac doe lap dan tdc va ehii nghTa xa hdi, bao ve Dang, Nha nude, bao ve tinh mang tai san, quyen lam chu eiia nhan dan va chirc nang dpi quan cdng tac, dpi quan san xua't cd nhung ndi dung va yeu cau mdi.
Trong su nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qudc, ddi hdi quan dpi phai dupe xay dung vdi chat lupng cao, chinh quy, tinh nhue, tirng bude hien dai. Nhiem vu dd dat ra yeu cau dau tu hon nCra vao cdng tae huan luyen bp dpi.
dao tao dpi ngu can bp cd trinh dp chi huy gidi, sang tao each danh va tdng ket thuc tiln, nghien eiru khoa hpc quan su, van dung sang tao vao qua trinh xay dung hpe thuyet quan sir Viet Nam trong thdi dai mdi, gdp phan vao viec ddi mdi phong each lanh dao chi huy Quan doi nhan dan. Can thiet phai bd sung, hoan thien he thd'ng phap luat ve xay dung Quan dpi nhan dan, cung cd nen qudc phdng toan dan bao ve To qudc; tiep tuc the che hoa dudng Id'i, quan diem, Nghi quyet cua Dang ve xay dung quan dpi; ban hanh he thdng dieu lenh, dieu le ve cac hoat dpng cua Quan dpi nhan dan, tang cudng phap ehe xa hdi chu nghTa trong quan dpi, giai quyet td't nhiem vu xay dung Quan doi nhan dan trong nha nude phap quyen do Dang lanh dao.
Nhung van de tren dang dat ra cho toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan ta tiep tuc hpc tap, tim hieu va nghien eiru sau sac hon ni/a tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve xay dung luc lupng vu trang nhan dan, xay dung Quan dpi nhan dan, gdp phan tang cudng nen qudc phdng toan dan, bao ve vu'ng chac To qudc Viet Nam xa hdi ehii nghTa, lam cho quan dpi ta mai xirng dang vdi danh hieu cao quy: "Bp dpi Cu H6".a
Ghi chu:
(1) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (2000), Tap 3, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, Tr.507.
(2) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (1995), Tap 6, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, Tr.555.
(3), (4) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (1995), Tap 3, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia. Ha Npi, Tr.470.
(5) Ho Chi Minh toan tap (2002), Tap 11, Nxb Chinh trj Qud'e gia. Ha Npi, Tr.350.
(6) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (1995), Tap 5, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, Tr.240.
(7) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (2002), Tap 5, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, Ha Ndi, Tr.269.
(8) Hd Chi Minh toan tap (1995), Tap 6, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, Tr.318-319.
