Kenh phan phoi va xu hiFang tieu dung hang nong san tai EU: Co' hoi va thach thiFC cho xuat khau nong san cua Viet Nam
BUI V I E T H U N G '
Tom tdt: Thi Irir&ng ndng sdn tgi Lien minh chdu An duac vdn hdnh thong qua cdc kenh phdn phoi hdng nong ,sdn. Cde kenh ndy rdt da dgng ve hinh thite, khac biet ve quy mo. vd bi ehi phoi bai cdc tap dodn bdn budn, bdn le. Nhu cdu nhdp khdu hdng nong sdn vdo thj truang cua khu vitc ndy ngdy cdng cao Trong nhimg ndm gdn ddy. xu hu&ng tieu diing cua ngirdi ddn chdu Au doi vdi cdc mat hdng nong sdn dang co su chuyen bien mgnh. he thong phdp ludtve kiem sodt an todn thitc phdm. .site khde ngudi tieu diing ngdy cdng duac chu trong. Trong boi cdnh Hiep dinh Thuang mgi lu do EU - Viet Nam se sum duac phe chudn, nhieu rao cdn thue quan ,se duac do bo. Bdy Id nhiing co hdi xudt khdu m&i cho hdng nong sdn cua Viet Nam dong thdi cdng Id thdch thiic se den tir cde tap dodn bdn le tren thi tru&ng EV
Tit khda: Thi tru&ng nong sdn, xu hu&ng lieu dung, kenh phdn phoi. EU. Viet Nam
1. Ly luan va thuc tien kenh phan phoi hang nong san tai EU
Kenh phan phoi (Marketing channel/
distribution channel) la tap hap cac to chiic, ca nhan phu thupc lan nhau tham gia vao c6ng viec dua san pham tir nha san xuat den tay nguoi lieu dimg'. Hien nay, cac san pham nong san dupc thuc hien phan phoi ph6 bien tai thi truang cac nuac thanh vien Lien minh chau Au (EU) qua cac loai hinh kenh phan ph6i ngan hoac dai (short/long distribution channel). Kenh phan phoi duoc coi la ngan khi hoat dpng mua ban hang hoa dupc thyc hien tryc tiep giUa nguoi san xuat va nguoi tieu diing va ngupc lai kenh
nay coi la dai neu no bao g6m sy ket n6i ciia cac thanh to trung gian nhu nha ban buon, ban le, dai ly m6i giai^. Phan loai theo ehiic nang ciia chuoi cung irng thi kenh phan ph6i tai thi truang EU dupc chia thanh kenh phan ph6i theo tap doan: Cac nha san xuat va nha nhap'khau ciia tap doan chi cung cap hang hoa cho he lh6ng cua hang va sieu thi ciia tap doan ma khong cung cap hang cho he th6ng ban le ciia he thong khac. Kenh phan ph6i khong theo tap doan thi ngupc lai, cac nha san xuat va nhap khau ciia tap doan nay ngoai viec cung cap hang hoa cho he thong ban le ciia tap doan minh con cung cSp hang hoa cho he th6ng ban le ciia tap doan khac va cac c6ng ty ban le dpc lap.
* Vien Nghidn ciiu chau Au
' Philip Kotler and Amstrong (2010)' Principle of
marketing New Jersey: Pearson Education hltp://www,english4success.rii /Upload/books/584,pdf Tai ngay 20/6/2017.
14 - NhUng vin
' http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ distributio channel, htm!
cfl KINH T ^ VA CHlNH TR| T H ^ G i a i S6 3(275) 2019
Bui Viet Hung Kenh phan p h i i va xu huong tieu dimg hang nong san tai EU:.
Hinh 1: Sff 36 kenh phan phoi san pham nong san hfl-u co tai Ba Lan va Tay Ban Nha
Nha san xuat (Trang trai, nhom san xuat)
Dai ly, moi gioi xuat khau
Ban hang true tiep (Direct Sale)
Cong nghiep che bien
Ban Budn (Wholesale)
Cua hang ban le Sieu thi/ Dai
Sieu thi
Nguoi tieu diing
Ngudn: Ewd Kacprzakl, Barbara Mackiewiczl (2014). The distribution systems for organic farming produce in Poland and Spain - similarities and differences^.
He th6ng kenh phan ph6i tai thi truang cac nuoc EU bao g6m cac chii the sau:
Nhd bdn budn (wholesaler): La cac trung gian phan phoi, mua san pham ciia nha san xuat va ban cho cac trung gian khac hoac cho cac co so ban le, cira hang sieu thj. Phan khue ban bu6n cua nganh phan phoi EU la mpt trong nhiing ITnh vyc thu hilt so lupng lan cac doanh nghiep tham gia. Nam 2011, Imh vyc nay thu hiit 1,8 trieu doanh nghiep voi 10,5 trieu lao dpng (dimg thit 2 sau ngdnh cong nghiep che tao) tao ra doanh thu 5.258 ty euro''. Trong so cac nuoc thanh vien
EU thi Dire la qu6c gia thanh vien co nganh ban bu6n lan nhat (121,9 ty euro nam 2010), Phap 77.2 ty euro va thii ba la Anh 68,7 ty euro^
Nhd bdn le. (retailer)-. La cac trung gian phan ph6i, hp mua san pham tir nha san xuat hoac nha ban buon va ban san pham tryc tiep cho nguai tieu dimg cu6i ciing. Nganh c6ng nghiep ban le cua EU t6n tai theo duoi nhieu loai hinh khac nhau, nhung nhin chung. chiing dupc chia thanh cac nganh chinh la thuong mai hang tap hoa (thyc pham va cac hang da dung) va phi tap hoa (quan ao, day dep, do npi that va gia dung). Nam
^ http;//www.die-erde.org/index,php/die- erde/article/viewFile/110/73
•* Retail&Wholesale: Key sectors for the European economy.
Retail &Wholesale: key sectors for the European Economy,
^ http ://ec.e u ropa.eu/eurostat/stat ist ics-
explained/index,php/File:Key_indicators,_wholesale_trade ,_except_of_motor_vehicles_and_motorcycles_(NACE_Di vision_46),_EU-27, J O I O.png
Nh&ng vin di KINH T^ VA CHJNH TRj T H ^ GIOI S6 3(275)2019^ 15
Kenh phan ph6i va xu hud'ng tieu dung hang nong san Bui Viet Hu-ng 2011, ITnh vyc nay cung thu hut 3,6 trieu doanh
nghiep. 18.6 trieu nhan c6ng va tao ra doanh thu 2,592 ty euro. Nam 2012, con so nay tang len la 3.000 ty euro^. Nam 2011, b6n nha ban le ciia Due da chi phoi 85% thi truo-ng hang nong san nuoc nay; ba nha ban le B6 Dao Nha chi phoi 90% thi truong nuoc minh va nam nha ban le chi phoi 75% thj truang tai Tay Ban Nha^. Ghi nhan vai tro va tam quan trpng ciia ca hai ITnh vyc ban buon va ban le, Uy ban chau Au da ra th6ng diep ''Linh vuc hdn buon va bdn le dong mpt vai tro quan trong trong viec Ihuc day tdng truong va Igo viec lam... let mpt trong nhUng link vuc then chdt thiic day chuyen dich nen kinh le vd tieu diing theo huong ben vimg "^.
Dgi ly vd moi giai (agent & broker): La cac trung gian phan ph6i co quyen thay mat cho nha san xuat de ban san pham. Cac dai ly va moi gioi khong CO quyen so hUu san pham.
Lien minh chau Au voi 28 nuoc thanh vien, hoat dpng thucmg mai npi kh6i dupc van hanh va chi phoi bai quy dinh trong chinh sach thuang mai chung nham thiic day ty do luu th6ng hang hoa (xoa ho moi loai ihue quan, han ngaeh, cdc bien phdp tuang tu hgn che ve so luang. ddnh vdo hdng hod xudt nhdp khdu giita cdc thdnh vien), lao dpng, dich vu va von. Su biing no Imh vyc cong nghe th6ng tin, logistics dan den miic dp hpi nhap kinh te giira cac qu6c gia, doanh nghiep tren thi truang nay ngay cang phat trien, nhu vay, viec phan dinh rach roi theo cac lieu chi doi voi timg doanh nghiep la ban buon hay ban le se la rat kho khan. Cac doanh nghiep ban le co thd b6 qua cac khau ban bu6n va ket noi true tiep vai cac nha san xuat nhu Carrefour ciia Phap, Metro Cash&Carry cua Dii'c hay cac nha ban buon lai tro thanh cac nha ban le nhu Promode.
•^ http://www.retail-index.com/Sectors/FoodRetailersin Europeandworldwide.aspx,
' Vanesa Malandrin (2016): The Social envii omental and Economic benefit of local food systems
Nhin chung, sy giao thoa, mirc do canh tranh giira cac nha ban bti6n, cac nha ban le tren thi truang EU dang dien ra kba kh6c liet (Nam 2010:
9,6% doanh nghiep mai duac hinh thanh, 10,9%
doanh nghiep dong cira trong ITnh vyc ban le tuong irng 415.000 doanh nghiep, 10,2% doanh nghiep ban buon moi duoc thidt lap...)"^. Cac nhan to tac dpng den canh tranh len kenh phan ph6i nay co the de cap nhu: Xu huang tieu diing khach hang, dac thii ciia cac nganh phan phoi, quy dinh thi truong, lpi ich can bien, gia ca, nang suat lao dpng, sy bien dpng ciia cac dieu kien kinh te, xa hpi va chinh tri,,. Chinh vi vay, mpt trong nhiing chien lupc phat trien ciia hau het cac doanh nghiep nay la tao dung thuang hieu th6ng qua viec cung irng nhiing san pham dat chat luang cao den tay nguoi lieu diing. Day duoc xem la mpt thach thiic lan cho hang nong san Viet Nam khi tiep can cac kenh phan ph6i ciia EU.
Gan day khi ma nhu cau cua nguoi tieu diing d6i vai cac san pham "dia phuang" dang co xu huong ngay cang tang da va dang hinh thanh nen nhCrng kenh phan phoi n6ng san ngan dupc thuc hien giii'a nha san xuat voi nguai tieu diing {khong qua cac doanh nghiep bdn buon hay bdn le) vol cac hinh tbiic ban hang khac nhau nhu: i) Bdn hdng true tiep bdi cdc cd nhdn (Direct sale hy individuals): nong dan ty m o cac cira hang de ban cac san pham true tiep ciia hp hoac ban cac san pham tai cac trang trai khac hay m6 hinh cira hang ban hang true tuyen online; it) Bdn hdng true Hep qua cdc nhom (Collective direct sale):
Cac nha san xu^t, trang trai hop tac vtji nhau dd ban tryc tiep cac san pham cua minh nhu Isabelle va Roland Jamin, Butcher ciia Phap, da lien kdt tao thanh mot cong ty co phSn dd ban cac
* Oxford Institute of Retail Management (2014)' Retait& Wholesale: Key sectors for the European economy ' Oxford institute of Retail Management (2014)-
Relail<!i Wholesale. Key sectors for the European economy
16 - Nhu'ng vin di KINH T ^ VA CHINH TRj THfe G i a i S6 3(275) 201 g
Biii Viet Hifng Kenh phan ph6i va xu hugng tieu diing hang nong san tai EU:.
san pham dia phuang tai nhidu cira hang hoac cung cap cho cac ca so lan nhu bdnh vidn, truong hpc hoac cac sieu thi; hi) Doi tdc - ngudi tieu dung - nhd sdn xudt (Consumer — Producer partnership): ngucri tieu dimg dorig vai tro chu dpng trong viec thiet lap va ho trp chuoi cung irng cac san pham dia phuang th6ng qua vide ky ket cac thoa thuan bao tieu san pham. Cae m6 hinh lieu bieu cho phuang thiic nay co thd ke den AMAP (Association pour le maintien d'une agriculture paysanne) ciia Phap, RECIPROCO (Relagoes de Cidadania entre Produtores e Consumidores) ciia 86 Dao Nha, GAS (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale) cua Italy, SoLaWi (Solarische Landwirtschaft) ciia Diic'"...
Tai cac quoc gia thanh vidn EU, can cir theo theo timg net dac thii ciia nen van boa, xu huong nguoi tieu dimg khac nhau ma kdnh phan phoi lai CO nhiing net dac trung ridng, didu nay dupc thay ro net khi chiing ta tap trung vao phan tich he thong ban le: Dire la qu6c gia co thi truang thyc pham va nuoc giai khat co nhu cau nhap khau Idn nhat so voi cac thanh vidn trong kh6i.
He thong ban le bao gom cira hang dpc lap, sidu thi nho chiem den 42%, sieu thi Ion (khu vyc co dien tich 1.000-2.500 m^) chidm 18%; dai sieu thi 27% va cac cira hang tien dung, cira hang truyen th6ng 13%. Cac tap doan ban le lon nhu Schwarz, Aldi. Metro Cash&Carry, Schwarz Group^^. Trong khi do, tai Phap thi mang luoi phan ph6i ban Id lai rat da dang vai 350 doanh nghiep tham gia ban le tao ra 360 ty euro. Trong he thong ban le thi dai sieu thi lai chidm 42%;
sieu thi 38%; ciia hang tap hoa 16%; cira hang tien Ipi chi chiem 4%. Cac tap doan ban ie lan
ciia Pbap CO thd ke den nhu Carrefour, Intermarche; Casino. Tai Ha Lan thi 80% cira hang ban le thyc pham la cac sieu thj (didn tich trung binh tir 500 - 1,500 m^) vai d^y dii dich vu dupc phan bo deu trong cac khu vyc dong dan, 20 % con lai la cac cira hang tien dyng.
Nhin chung a hau hdt cae nuoc thanh vidn EU, he thong phan ph6i ban le dupc dinh dang boi cac chuoi sieu thi/ dai sieu thi va cua hang ban le thyc pham, cac cira hang chuyen doanh rau qua dupc phan bo rgng khap trdn loan chau luc, Trong ITnh vyc thyc pham rau cii qua thi chu6i sidu thi chidm ITnh thi phan ban le vai hon 85%. Cac sidu thi nay co kha nang ket ndi tryc tiep den cac nha san xuat, n6ng trai de co ngu6n cung ling tryc tiep cac mat hang, tuy nhien, hinh thii'c nay kh6ng dupc ph6 bien. Thay vao do, cac mat hang nong san giao dich tren thi truong EU dupc cac nha ban bu6n, nha nhap khau nhap tir cac d6! tac thuang mai, trien khai cac cong tac hau can, logistics de dong goi san pham theo cae quy dinh cua timg thi truang cy the trong khu vyc va giao cho cac tap doan ban le, sieu thi. Ben canh do, mpt s6 cac tap doan ban le Ion nhu:
Metro, Schwarz ciia Diic, Carrefour, Auehan cua Phap, Tesco ciia Anh thi lai ket hop ca hinh thuc ban buon, ban le tire la nhap khau cac mat hang nong san cho cac chu6i sidu thi ciia minh. Do vay, de co the tiep can dupe kenh phan phoi tai cac nuoc thanh vidn'EU, vide nam ro dupc cac CO che, tinh dac thii cua kenh phan phoi, cac quy dinh cua chinh phii, phuang thirc hoat dpng cua cac tap doan ban Ie... se la mpt trong nhiing nhan to quydt dinh sy thanh cong dua hang ndng san ciia Viet Nam vao thi truang nay.
"'htrp://www.europari,europa,eu/RegData/etudes /BRlE/2016/586650/EPRS3Ri(2016)586650_EN,pdf '' http://www.ec.europa,eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index ,php/F ile: Key_^i ndicators,_who I esale_trade
,_except_of_motor_vehicles_and_motorcyctes_(NACE_Di vision_46),_EU-27,_201 O.png
Nhu-ng vin dS KINH T^ VA CHJNH TRI THt Giai S6 3(275) 2019 - 1-7
Kenh phan ph6i va xu huang tieu dung hang nong san tai EU:. Bili Viet Hu|ng^
Xep hang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Danh sach 10 nha ban le lon nhat chau Au nam 2016
f}nn vi: Ty Cac tap doan ban le
Schwarz Can-efoLir
Tesco Aldi Kdetro Edeka Rewe E.Lecleic , Auehan ITM (les Mousq.)
Doanh thu 86 67 65 54 51 48 44 44 37 34
euro Tru sff chinh
Ditc Phap Anh Diic Dire Dii'c Dire Phap Phap Phap Nguon: Retain index (2016)
http://www.retail-index.eom/Sector.s/FoodRetailersinEiiropeandworldwide.aspx 2. Mot so quy dinh cua EU doi vol hang
nong san tren thi trirtmg EU
Kiem soat an loan thyc pham va sire khoe (Food safety and health control) dupc xem la uu tien hang dau ciia cac co quan quan ly hang nhap khau vao thi truong EU. Cac ydu cau ve an loan thyc pham, nhan hidu san pham, chi dan dia ly...
dupc ap dung den tat ca cac hang nong san giao dicb tren thi trucmg (ea voi cac nha san xuat trong va ngoai nuoc). Cac quy dinh ciia Uy ban chau Au, cac nuoc thanh vien thuang dupc pho bidn qua cac hinh thiic: i) Quy dinh (Regulations):
Van ban luat bupc mpi nuoc thanh vien EU phai ap dung; ii) Chi thi (Directive): Van ban phap luat dupe didn giai va gan vai quy dinh qu6c gia ciia moi nuoc thanh vien cho phep cac nuoc thanh vidn CO thd linh hoat thay doi lidu chi: iii) QuySt dinh (Decisions): La mot bien phap c6 thai han cua Uy ban chau Au b6 sung vao nhiing kiem soat chinh thiic va thuang dupe thyc hien khi nhan ra cac nguy co de dpa siic khoe con nguoi va dpng thyc vat th6ng qua mot moi nguy co hidn hiiu.
He th6ng cac quy dinh, chi thi ve van dd an toan thyc pham doi voi cac san pham nhap khau dupc cac CO quan thyc thi kiem tra hang nong
san nhap khau tap trung vao: i) Thong tin san pham cung cap cho khach hang - theo cae quy dinh vd nhan hieu san pham; ii) tac dpng dupc ghi nhan - chirng chi chirng nhan kiem tra san pham; iii) mirc dp nhay cam ciia san pham. Ben canh d6, cac san pham bat bupc ap dyng cac tidu ehuan chat lupng va quan ly an toan tbuc pham Gobal GAP (Phien ban duoc cap nhat va thay the cho Eurep GAP), lieu chuan vd du lupng khang sinh (MRLs), thuoc trir sau, cac quy dinh ve giay chiing nhan san pham dam bao cac yeu cau ve bao vd moi truang nhu: san xuat than thien vai moi truang va trach nhidm xa hpi.
Cac san pham dupc giao dich trdn thi truong (bSt d^u tir nam 1992) phai dam bao cac quy dinh PDO (bao hp ten gpi xudt xir) g6m thyc pham dupc san xual, chd bidn va lam trong mpt khu vuc dja ly nhat dinh sir dung bi quydt dupc cong nhan; PGI (Chi d i n dia ly dupc bao hp) gom thyc pham ma lien kdt dia ly phai xay ra trong it nhat mot trong cac khau san xuat, chd bidn hoac chuan hi; va TSG (Dac san truydn thong dupc bao dam) khdng dd cap den nguon goc, nhung lam n6i bat dac didm truydn th6ng, trong cau thanh san phSm hoac phuong tien san xuat.
18 - NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHJNH TRj THE GICCI S6 3(275) 2019
Bill Viet Hung Kenh phan phoi va xu huo-ng tieu dung hang nong san tai EU Quy dinh vd ghi nhan thyc pham (Labelling)
ludn duoc cap nhat va thay d6i nhung nhin chung cac nhan hang san pham phai dap iing cac quy dinh: i) cac thong tin thidt ydu phai cung cap cho khach hang nbu thanh phan, nha san xuat.
phuang phap bao quan, each chd bien; ii) cac chat di ling phai dugc ghi ro trdn nhan.
Nhin chung, cac quy dinh trdn la bat bupc doi vai cac hang hoa nhap khau vao thi trucmg EU.
Do vay, cac doanh nghiep xuat khau n6ng san Viet Nam mu6n tiep can dupe cac kenh phan phoi. cac nha ban le chau Au thi yeu to tidn quyet bit bupc la phai tuan thii va dap img cac yeu cau ma EU da dat ra.
3. Xu hudng tieu diing hang nong san tai EU Theo khao sat ciia Trung tam Xiic tidn nhap khau tir cac nuoc dang phat trien thupc bp Ngoai giao Ha Lan (CBI) cho thay, hien nay nguoi lieu diing a chau Au dang dat m6i quan ngai ve lupng duong du thira trong san pham ldn hang dau so voi cac ham luong chat beo. Keu gpi giam lupng duong trong cae thanh phan thuc pham cung duoc cac ca quan chuc nang nhu To chirc Y te the giai, Uy ban An loan thuc pham chau Au chinh thirc dua vao cac chuang trinh nghi su, cac bao cao phan tich miic dp beo phi...
Xu huong tieu diing nay dang djnh hinh kdnh phan phoi ciia cac nha ban buon thyc pham cho cac chuoi ban le voi viec cung iing cac san pham CO ham lupng ducmg giam'^.
Xu hudng lieu dung cdc sdn phdm tu nhien:
Moi quan tam vd chat lupng, thanh phan san pham qua cac bieu tupng nhan mac san pham ciia nguoi tidu dimg EU trong mpt vai nam lai day da gia tang manh. Theo do, bieu tupng
^'Free of A IF" lire la san pham khong ducmg, khong chat bao quan, khong chSt phu gia... da dan xuat hien a hau het cac mat hang nong san tren thi truong EU.
Xu huang tieu dung cdc sdn phdm him ca:
Theo s6 lieu thong kd ciia Vien Nghien cim Ndng nghidp (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - FiBL), mpt CO quan nghien ciiu qu6c Id co van phong tai nhieu nuoc thanh vidn EU, xu huong san xuat va tieu diing cac san pham him co da va dang tang truong manh tren quy mo toan cau.
Tinh den nam 2014, so luong cac quoc gia cam ket va trien khai n6ng nghidp hiru co da len den 172 quoc gia, trong s6 do 43,7 tridu ha dat nong nghiep thu hiit han 2.3 tridu nong dan tham gia tryc tiep vao qua trinh nay, Doanh so ban cac san pham hinj co loan cau nam 2014 da dat 80 ty U S D ' ^ . Thi trudng tieu thy cac san pham hiiu co Ion nhat la khu vyc Bac My va EU la thi trucmg tieu thy cac san pham hiiu co Ion thii 2. Dire, Phap, Anh, Itaha la 1 trong 4 thi truong lieu thu lon nhat cua khu vyc. Nam 20)4 doanh s6 tieu thy cac san pham hiru co tai thi truong nay dat 23,9 nghin ty euro'"*, Mirc dp tang truong thi trucmg hiiu CO kha da dang giUa cac nuac thanh vien, mpt s6 quoc gia co doanh so ban le tang truong dac biet cao nhu Thuy Didn 45%, Phap 10%. Miic tidu thy binh quan dau nguoi cho cac san pham hilu co la 47,4 euro'^. Khao sat nguai tidu diing vd cac san pham hiru co do EC lien hanh nam 2013 ciing cho thay 8 3 % nguo'i iidu diing dupc phong van dat ra quan tam hang dau la van de mdi truong, 78%
chap nlian mua cac san pham hihi co voi gia cao hon cac san pham truyen th6ng tir 10 - 25%...'^
- CBI (2014): CBI trends: Processed fruil and vegestable m Europe
" The World of Organic Agriculture 2016.
http.//www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2016.html
" Lavinia DOVLE AC 2016 An overview on the supply chain for European organic food market.
http://www.webcache.googleusercontent.coin/search?q=ca che:http://www, webbut.unitbv.ro/Bulletin/Series%2520V/
BULET!N%2520I/33_Dovleac.pdf
'^ I FOAM (2016) Organic in europe prospect and development 20! 6. http://www.ifoam-eu.org/
sites/default/tiles/ifoameu_organic_in_europe_2016.pdf
"' Ewa Kacprzakl, Barbara Mackiewiczl (2014). The distribution systems for organic farming produce in Poland and Spain ~ similarities and differences httpV/www.die- erde.org/index.php/die-erde/article/viewFile/1 10/73,
Nhtrng vin m KINH it VA CHJNH TRj IHt G\6l S6 3(275) 2019 ~ 19
Kenh phan ph6i va xu huang tieu dung hang nong san tai EU:. Bui Viet Hung, Hinh 2: Tang truong doanh so ban Ie san phhm nong nghiep organic nam 2014 tai EU
Nguon: IFOAM (2016) Organic in europe prospect and development 2016. httpf/www.ifoam- eu.org/site.s/default/files/ifoameu_organic _in_eur ope _2016.pdf
Yeu cdu cao han ve an todn thuc phdm, bdo ve moi truang: Danh myc cac quy dinh ve an loan thyc pham, truy xuat nguon goc, he th6ng canh bao sam an loan thyc pham,,, ciia Uy ban chau Au lidn tuc dupc cap nhat va thay ddi,
Canh (ranh gay gdt trong he thong phdn phSi'^: Cac san pham mai, san pham thay the lien tuc xiiAt hien lam cho cupc canh tranh tren thi truong phan phoi ngay cang khoe liet: Nho
kh6 trdn thj truang EU chi phdi boi Th6 NhT Ky thi gio day san pham nay cung bi canh tranh gay gat boi cac quoc gia xuat khau khac nhu Trung Qu6c, An Dp; xoai ciia An Do bi canh tranh bai cac nuoc Trung Phi... Nhu vay, de chidm ITnh dupc thi phan, cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap kh4u khong chi linh dpng didu chinh cac chidn iuac tiep can thi truong ma con thyc thi kdt n6i vai khu vyc cung irng san pham, dau tu cong nghe
'^ Processed Fruit and Vegetables In Europe, esearches/trends-europe-processed-fruit-vegetablcs- https://www.cbi,eu/siIes/default'files/market_information/r 2016,pdf
20 - NhOng vin di KiNH i t VA CHJNH TRj T H ^ GIOI So 3(275) 2019
Biii Viet Hu'ng Kenh phan ph6i va xu hud'ng tieu dimg hang nong san tai EU:, chd bidn, bao quan de dam bao san pham dat
chat lupng cao.
4. Co* hoi va thach thirc cho hang nong san Viet Nam trong boi canh Hiep djnh Thuong mai ty do EU - Viet Nam co hieu luc
Ngay 2 thang 12 nam 2015, Viet Nam v a E U da ky Tuydn bd chinh thuc ket thiic dam phan Hidp dinh Thuang mai ty do (EVFTA). Trong thai gian tai. hai ben se khan truang ra soat phap ly va lien hanh cac thii tuc phe ehuan Hiep djnh.
Voi mirc dp cam kdt da dat duoc, EVFTA la mpt hidp dinh loan dien, chat lupng rat cao va dam bao can bang lpi ich cho ca Viet Nam va EU. Mpt so ket qua dat dupc ciia Hiep dinh EVFTA:
Ve thuang mgi hdng hoa- Ngay khi Hidp dinh CO hidu lyc, EU se xoa bo thud nhap khau ddi vai khoang 85,6% so dong thud, tuong duong 70,3% kim ngaeh xuat khau ciia Viet Nam sang EU. Sail bay nam kd tir khi Hidp dinh CO hieu lyc, EU se xoa bo thue nhap khau doi vai 99,2% so dong thud, tuang duong 99,7%
kim ngaeh xuat khau ciia Viet Nam. Doi voi khoang 0,3% kim ngaeh xuat khau con lai, EU cam kdt danh cho Viet Nam ban ngaeh thue quan vai thud nhap khau trong han ngaeh la 0%.
Thuong mai dich vu vd ddu tw Hai ben cam kdt ve thuong mai dich vu dau tu nhu dich vy lai chinh, dich vy vien thong, dich vu van tai, dich vu phan phoi.,. nham tao ra mpt moi trucmg dau tu cai mo, thuan Icri cho hoat dpng ciia cac doanh nghiep hai bdn.
So hihi tri tue: Cam ket vd so huii tri tue gom cam ket vd ban quyen, phat minh, sang chd, cam ket lidn quan tai dupe pham va chi dan dja ly... Viet Nam se bao hp tren 160 chi dan dja ly ciia EU va EU se bao hp 39 chi d^n dia ly cua Viet Nam. Cac chi dan dia ly ciia Viet Nam ddu lidn quan toi nong
san, thuc pham. tao dieu kien cho mot sd chimg loai nong san ciia Viet Nam xay dyng va khang dinh thuong hidu ciia minh tai thi truang EU'^.
Trong boi canh EVFTA som dupc phe chuan se hua hen mo ra nhiing co hpi hdt siic to lon cho xual khau hang hoa noi chung va hang nong san eiia Viet Nam sang thj truong nay. Song de chiem ITnh dupc thi trudng co sire tieu thu lan nay thi viec tuan thii cac quy dinh ve ve sinh an loan thyc pham va kiem dich dpng thyc vat SPS ciia EU la didu kidn tidn quydt va bat bupc, Mdt so thach thirc dat ra va can phai bat tay vao giai quydt ngay doi voi ca 03 cap: i) Cac ca so san xuat nong san phai tap trung san xuat dap irng cac tidu chuan ciia thj truang quoc le nhu tidu chuan Global GAP, HACCP, cac quy dinh vd ve sinh an toan thyc pham, du luong chat bao quan, thuoc trir sau; ii) Cac doanh nghidp xuat khau ndng san phai thuc thi cac chien lupc marketing nham nam ro hon vd he thdng phan phoi ciia EU va cac nuac thanh vidn, cap nhat va pho bidn cac quy dinh EU/cac nuoc thanh vien, boat dpng ciia cac tap doan ban le, cac nha nhap khau tren thi truong; iii) Cac doanh nghidp, nha san xual can chii dpng nam bat dupc xu huang tidu dimg hang nong san cua nguoi tieu dimg chau Au (san pham organic, ban che duang, chat beo), tim kiem va cung ung thay thd nhirng san pham truyen thdng dang co tai thi truang EU.,, day dupe xem la mpt nhan to quydt dinh su thanh cdng khi lidp can thi trudng day kho tinh nay; iv) Chinh phu can ra soat khung kho phap luat va thd chd, dieu chinh cac quy pham phap luat nham hai hoa hoa cac quy dinh quoc te nhu xay dung tidu chi ky thual ap dyng cho phong thu nghiem, kidm tra miic dp an toan san pham, cap phep va chirng nhan dat tidu chuan qudc te va phai dupc quoc le cdng nhan*
'^ bttp://www.spsVietnam,gov,vn/fta
NhUng vin di KINH it VA CHINH TR! TH^ Giai S6 3(275) 2019 -
Kenh phan phdi va xu huong tieu diing hang nong san tai EU:... Bui Viet Hung
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Andras Lakalos (2014): "Sdch huong ddn vi td chuc vd hoat dpng eiia linh vuc phdn phoi Igi EU". Dy an Muntrap.
2. CBI (2014): CBI trends- Processed fruil and vegcslable in Europe.
3. Eurostal (2016): hltp://www.ee. europa.eu/euro stat/stalistics- explained/index.pbp/File:
Key_indicators,_whoiesale_trade,_except_of_motor_vehicles_and_motorcycles_(N ACE_Division_46),_EU-27,_201 O.png
4. HAMID SAREMI (2014): Management of distribution channel htlps://www.ijsr,in/upload/269570769Microsoft%20Word%20-
%20Saremi%20final.pdf.
5. hltp://www,spsvietnam.gov.vn/fta
6. IFOAM (2016): Organic in europe prospect and development 2016.
htlp://www.ifoam-eu.org/siles/default/files/ifoameu_organic_in_europe_2016.pdf 7. Eavinia DOVLEAC (2016): An overview on ihe supply chain for European organic food
market
http://www.webcache,googleusercontent.com/search?q=caehe:http://www,webbut.un itbv.ro/Bullelin/Series%2520V/BULETIN%2520I/33_Dovleac.pdf
8. Philip Kotler and Amstrong (2010): Principle of marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education. .
9. Vanesa Malandrin (2016): The Social enviromental and Economic benefit of local food systems.
Thong till Idc gid:
TH.S. Bill VIETHU'ING Vien Nghien ciru chdu Au Vien Han Idm Khoa hoc xa hoi K/K/ Nam EmaU: huiighui _ •.•n a_\ ahno c om
22 _ _ _ ^ — Nhdng vin di KINH it VA CHINH TRj TH^ Giai S6 3(275) 2019
