TH! TRLfdNG/XUAT KHAU
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Xuc tien thyang mai hang thuy san tieu dung noi dja
Gian hSng kho cCia Cty HSI Nam d hpi c h p VIETFISH - Anh: DM
TIP chuyen NLPOC mam Van Van
Viet Nam la mpt quo'e gia bien va nam trong doi khi hau nhi^t doi gio miia lupng mua phong phii, nhieu song ngoi, ho ehiia va cac loai da't nggp nuoc, nen thiiy san tir xa xua da la mpt trong nhiing loai thyc pham quen thupc, pho bi«i. "Cam vol ca nhu ma voi con" la cau thanh ngir cua nguoi Viet. Thuy san xua kia do ti§u thu tai cho, hang thiiy san 6 th; truang Vi^t Nam chua bao gio dupc quang ba thuang mai mpt each bai ban.
Thyc ra, cong bang ma noi, trong lich sii nganh thiiy san ciing timg co nhiing nha kinh doanh hang thuy san gioi giang, voi each thiie xiic tie'n thuang mai (XTTM) rat hi#n dai. Di dau
trong liiih vyc nay phai ke deh Hang nuac mam Van Van oia ong Doan Diic Ban.
Tir nhirng chuye'n cho ca va muoi len ban cho xu Kinh Bae nguai Cat Hai hpc dupc nghe lam nuoc mam a lang Van, Bae Ninh, noi c6 rupu ra't noi tie'ng.
Hpc dupc nghe, mpt so' dan cu Cat Hai da lam nuoc mam, ban dau chi diing trong gia dinh. Ong Doan Diic Ban (thuong gpi la Ly Ban) 6 thon Hoa Hy, xa Hoa Quang la nguai dau tien nghi toi vi^c san xua't nuac mam len ban cho chinh virng Kinh Bae. Nuoc mam duoe cho bang thuyen tai van chai lang Van (van Van) sau do toa di cac nai do vay nguoi mua quen gpi la nuac mam Vgn Van
Theo mpt tai Ueu ciia Phap, Xi nghiep Vgn Van la co sa san xua't
nuac mam Ion nha't nuoc ta, dupc thanh Igp vao nam 1916 a giiia hai lang Can Lpc va Van Chan thupc Cat Hai. Xuong co 10.000 chum logi 400kg dyng chupp de lau nam moi dem na'u.
Bi canh tranh quye't li^t, la nguai giau dau 6c kinh doanh, Vgn Van nghi ra phuang thirc moi nham chie'm linh thi truang, Von truoc day nuoc mam cua cac hang dil co ten, eo ciia hang hoac khong ten, khong co oia hang deu chiia trong chum va thimg Ion, tir do dong ra ban le Nay Van Van nghi ra each dong chai va dan nhanhi^u "Nu&cmam Van Vdn mgt cd vdn^' dong thoi dang ky trinh toa vai Nha Kinh te' Hai Phong.
Chinh nho vay, nguoi tieu dimg Igi duong nhu chi bie't co nuoc mam Vgn Van. Tir do co cau ca ve nhiing san vgt ngon noi tie'ng B5c Ky "...Dua La, hung Ldng, nem Bdng, tuang Bdn, nu&c mdm Van Vdn, cd rd dam Set,..."
Hien trang cdng tac XTTM hang thuy san tieu thu noi dja Chinh phil cung da tha'y rat ro vai tro cua XTTM nen ngay 06/7/2000 da eo Quyet dinh thanh lap Cue XTTM (so 78/2000/QD- TTg) tryc thupc Bp Cong thucmg.
Cue XTTM co nhiem vy giup Bp truang Bp Thucmg mgi dinh huong cong tac XTTM; nghien eiiu, dy bao va dinh huong ve tlii trudng trong nuac va ngoai nuoc de phat trien thi tnrcmg va san
TH! TRl/dNG/XUAT KHAU
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a ban Ihuy sSn d cang Cai Rong, Quang Nmh - Anh T T D
pham thuang mai; thu thgp, xu ly va cung cap thong tin thucmg mai, ho tra DN cong tac XTTM;
to chiic tap hua'n nham nang cao nang luc cho can bp Iam cong tac XTTM; chidao cac dai dien thuong mai 6 nuoc ngoai tieh hanh eong tac XTTM; hpp tac quo'e te' ve XTTM va thuc hien cac hoat dpng quan ly nha nuoc khac ve XTTM.
Chinh phu da ban hanh nhieu chinh sach XTTM, nhu quye't dinh so 279/2010/QD-TTg ngay 03/11/2005 va Quyet dinh bo sung so 80/2009/QD- TTg ngay 03/11/2009 ve Quy che xdy dung, Qudn ly vd thuc Men Chuang trinh XTTM quoc gia giai doan 2006-2010.
Nhung cac chuang trinh XTTM nay mai chi tap trung cho XTTM do'i voi XK hang hoa ma chua danh chii y cho XTTM hang npi dia noi chung va hang thiiy san tieu dimg npi dia noi rieng.
Vi^e XTTM hang thiiy san tren thi truong npi dia cho deh nay chi gioi hgn a Hpi chp Trien lam Thiiy san (VIETFISH) do Hiep hpi Che bieh & Xua't khau Thiiy
6 0 TK/lUG MAJ THJT S * l / sd 153 / WM 9«01Z
san (VASEP) to chiic hang nam.
So loai hang hoa thiiy san san xua't theo cac phuang thiie cong nghiep va thu cong khac nhau dupc ban a khap cae chp, cac cira hang, sieu thi nhung it tha'y dupc quang ba thuong mai, rat it dupc quang cao, tuyen truyen, huong dan, dong goi, hau nhu khong chu y dang ky ban quyen, xay dyng thuong hieu, sii dyng nhan mac bao bi hpp ly. Chl mpt vai loai hang thiiy san nhu nuac mam Chin Su, nuoc mam D | nhat,... do cac hang nuoc ngoai san xua't theo thi hieii nguai Viet, dupc quang ba hipn dai, dang danh bat cac hang thiiy san voii CO chat lupng va uy tin ciia nguoi Viet Nam ra chinh thi truang truyen tho'ng ciia minh.
Nam 2007-2009 Hipp hpi Phat trien, Trao doi va Vi^n trp (AIDA) oia Tay Ban Nha da ftiong qua Vien Nghien ciiu Nuoi trong Thuy san 1 thuc hanh dy an "Trg gidp phdi trien ngdnh nudi trong thuy sdn co tinh thuang mai vd thdn thiin moi truang ben vihig
thong qua hinh thirc t6chuc cdc hgp tde xd quy mo nho nhu mit cong cu gidm doi ngheo a Vtil Nam".
Du an nay danh kha nhieu npi dung nhSm giiip cac hpp tac xa nuoi tr6ng thiiy san quang ba san pham oia minh. Tuy nhien, day chi la mpt du an martg tinh chat thli nghipm mo hinh cho 12 hpp tac xa 6 9 tinh; ket qua ciia du an khong dupc nhan r^ng nhu mpt each thiic XTTM hang thiiy san tren thj truong npi dja.
Ngoai ra ciing da co mpt so dy an khac dupc thyc hi?n nham phat trieh thuong hieu hoae nang cap cha't lupng va gia trj mpt so' san pham thiiy san truydn thong nhu cac du an 'Qudn ly vd phdt trien chi dan dia /j? "Phu Qud'c" cho sdn ph&n nu&c mam', "Ndng cao chai lugng mam tdm Hau Lie, Thanh Hoa". Cac du an nay da gop phan quang ba cho mpt so san pham thiiy san truyen thong ciia Vi?t Nam trong thj truang npi dja va vupt ra ngoai bien gidi
Ngay 15/11/2010, Thii hicmg Chinh phu da kf quye't djnh so 72/2aiO/QD-TTg ban hanh Quy che' Xdy dung, qudn ly vd thuc hiin Chuang trinh XTTM QuSc gia ap dung tir nam 2011 tro di, thay the Quyet dinh so 279/2005 QD-TTg va Quyet dinh 80/2009/
QD- TTg da het hi#u luc. Diem moi oia Quyet djnh 72/2010 la ngoai XTTM phat trieh XK thi da nhah manh cac hogt dpng XTTM thj truang trong nuoc, dac bi?t thuong mgi mien niii, hai dao.
Tuy da CO chinh sach XTTM, nhung nguon kinh phi danh cho cong tac nay rat nho so voi yeu cau. So voi cac nuoe trong khu
TH! TRadNG/XUAT KHAU
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VUC va tr^n the'gioi thi cac nguon ngan sach huy dpng dupc cho cac hogt dong XTTM ciia Viet Nam chi bang 1/30 ngan sach trung binh ciia cae nuoc (bao cao chuyen de tai hpi nghi tham tan thuong mai nam 2011). Va trong con so it 61 do, ngan saeh danh cho XTTM thj truong trong nuoe hau nhu khong dupc la bao.
Vi the; XTTM hang thuy san dimg eho thj truang trong nuoc hau nhu chi "an theo" cac chuong trinh Hpi chp trien lam Nong nghiep (Can Tha- 2010, Soc Trang-
2011), Hpi chp Thuong mai, Du lich va Dau tu DBSCL (An Giang- 2010), Hpi chp trieh Iam Cong Thuang - xay dung vimg kinh te' trpng diem phia Nam va Dong Nam Bp 2011 (Ba Ria Viing Tau), Hpi chp Vi?t Nam Expo 2011.
Nhiing nam gan day, hang thiiy san tieu thy tren thj truang npi dja tro nen da dgng va phong phii hon rat nhieu nha su phat trieh ciia h§ tho'ng sieu thj, dac biet la eac chuoi sieu thi BIG C, METRO va COOPMART Nho h?
thong cac chuoi sieu thi nay ma
QuAy gi*l thi$u sSn phim n^i d|a cua THAIMEX - Anh: TTD
cac san pham thuy hai san tuoi song va che bieh cong nghidp ngay eang dupc pho cap rpng rai voi each thiie tieu dimg van minh hon. Nguoi tieu diing dupc tie'p can vol nhiing san pham thuy san CO chat lupng cao, phong phii ve gio'ng loai va da dgng ve chimg loai. Nho sy phat trien cac he tho'ng sieu thj voi phuang thiic kinh doanh tien tieh va to chiic hien dai (dac bi§t do'i voi eac chuoi sieu thi ciia nuoc ngoai ) ma "khoang each" giira nguoi san xua't va nguoi tieu diing da dupe nit ngan dang ke.
Tuy nhien, ra't tiec, cac sieu thj nay chi moi co dupc o cac thanh pho'lon va moi chi co tang lop trung luu mai tie'p can duae.
Trong khi, dai da so nguoi Viet Nam con ngheo va gan 70% con song 6 nong thon chua phai la khach hang ciia cac sieu thi. Hon the niia, do han che a so' lupng va chua dap iing dupc nhu cau cua khach hang, cac sieu thj ding chua CO cac hoat dpng quang ba, XTTM nao, cac hang hoa cua hp vin con xa voi voi nguai tieu thp pho thong. Cong tac XTTM hang thuy san, vol nhiing npi dung khac nhau can quang ba rpng rai toi nguai tieu diing o mpi tang lop se gop phan thuc day san xuat ciia nganh thiiy san. Day la mpt tiem nang phat trieh rat lan.
SM* can thiet phai XTTM hang thuy san tieu thu noi dia
Voi gan 90 tri^u dan, trong do 70% dan so so'ng 6 nong thon, Vi0t Nam co thj hrrong npi dja rpng Ion cho hang thuy san.
Trong nhom cac nuoc dang phat
TH! TRUCJNGAUAT KHAU
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Thuy s^n ti§u thu npi dja khang kem phan thu hOt khach - A n h ' DM
trieh, Viet Nam hi^n ciing duoc coi la mpt diem dau tu ha'p dan trong ITnh vuc ban Ie, trong do co hang thuy san.
Ngoai he thong sieu thi, cac nha hang dac san thuy san mpe len nhu nam 6 cac do thi va lan tgn ve cac viing nong thon heo lanh tir mien bien toi mien niii.
Thuy san tro thanh khong the thieu trong tiec timg, le te't va cuoi xin. Va co the noi day la the' mgnh khong de gi c6 dupc trong viec fliuc day san xua't, kinh doanh thiiy san phat trieh.
Tuy nhien, nhu trong bat ky mpt nen kinh te' thi truang kem phat trien nao, hang thiiy san chi dupc coi la hang hoa thie't yeu, chua dupc chuaii hoa ve chat lupng, mau ma va thuang hieu, ve cong nghe che'bien, bao bi va che' dp bao quan dge tnmg, hoan toan mang tinh dja phuong, gioi hgn ve dia ban va it dupe quang ba.
Nhupc diem noi com nha't la thuong mgi thuy san ngi dja khong khich I^ dupc san xua't
hang hoa do. No chua lam lp ra vai tro dieu tie't cung eau eiia hang hoa, no khong kich eau de tir do phat trien nguon cung. Dien hinh CO the tha'y 6 mgt hang ca tra.
Mat hang ca tra XK da co mpt buac tieh than ky trong nganh hang nong san Vi?t Nam. Chi trong vong 8 nam, tir xua't khau gan nhu con so' khong da tie'n toi gia tri thu ve chi rieng mat hang nay len tai tren 1,8 ty USD. Ca tra Viet Nam da xam nhap hon 130 nuoc va vimg lanh tho 6 mpi chau luc. XK tang nhanh da keo theo nghe nuoi, cong nghiep dich vu nuoi va che'bieh ca tra phat trien nhu vii bao 6 cac tinh DBSCL.
Su phat trien manh me va nhanh ehong oia nganh hang ca tra ra nhieu thi truang chiing to thanh eong to Ion cua hogt dpng tie'p thi va XTTM hang hoa nay, ke ca sy "gop siic" oia vu kipn chong ban pha gia ca tra tai truong My tir nam 2002. Nhung nhieu nguoi Viet lgi khong hieu ca tra la logi ca gi, each nau nuong the nao cho
ngon va hpp khau vj, CO ban odau?
Nhieu mgt hang thiiy san khac, phong phii ve gio'ng loai va ehiing logi, nhung thinh hanh 6 vimg mien nay Iai khong dupc bie't deh 6 vimg mien khac trong nuoc. Dieu gi se dien ra neii thiiy san tro thanh nguon cung ca'p dinh duong pho bie'n hon cho nguai Vipt? Dieu gi se dien ra ne'u 100 tripu nguoi Viet tieu thy binh quan dau nguoi hang nam khoang 50-60 kg? Voi miic tieu thu nhu vay, san lupng thuy san can co de dap iing thj truong trong nuoc se tang len khoang 5,5 deh 6,5 tripu tah hang nam (hien chi khoang 1,5 tri^u tan).
Day se la mpt dpng lyc rat lan de phat trien nganh thiiy san, phat trien kinh te nong nghiep, giam tinh trang ngheo doi va kem phat trien cho nong dan;
la CO hpi nang cao an ninh thyc pham, tang cuong dinh duong dgm va cai thi#n biia an va miic song, gop phan eai tgo gio'ng noi cho nguoi Vi^t.
Viec quang ba va XTTM dc«
voi hang thiiy san tieu thu tren thi trudng trong nuoc co y ngKa to Ion; khong nhiing gia tang sijfc mua, tao ra phong each am thyc moi cho nguoi Vipt ma la cho dya viing chSc cho XK thiiy san.
Mgt khi thj truong XK gap "hue trgc" nao do thi thi truong npi dia voi gan 100 tripu dan se la noi bao hp va bao hiem cho no vupt qua nhiing kho khan nhat thoi.
Do vgy, rat can xay dung va thyc hien mpt de an XTTM hang thiiy san eho thj truong ngi dia. •
Theo Cue Che'bieh vd Thucmg tn^i Nong ldm thuy sdn
I N / s O 153/THANG 9/2012
