THI TRUCiNGAUAT KHAU
Thj tripo'ng Oxtraylia
va ky vong cua thuy san Viet Nam
D Phu'dng Mai
OXTRAYLIA D u ' g c BAO QUANH BOI NHD'NG BIEN NHIET O O I VA 6 N D O I , NHU'NG NHU'NG VUNG BIEN NAY KHONG DOI DAO VE NGUON LOI, V I VAY NK THUY SAN TU' LAU DA DONG VAI TRO QUAN TRONG TRONG VIEC DAM BAO NGUON CUNG CAP CHO N G L T O I DAN. NAM 2 0 1 2 , VIET NAM LA NHA XK LON THLT 3 VE THUY SAN CHO THI TRU'ONG OXTRAYLIA.
Thuy san NK ngay cang chi phoi thj tru'ang tieu thu
Oxtraylia lam chii mdt viing lanh hai ldn hon nhieu so vdi dien tieh dat lien cua nudc nay.
Hien nay, tieu thu thiiy san cua ngudi dan Oxtraylia dat hotng binh 18 kg/ngudi/nam.
Mudi nam gan day, gia tri san lupng danh bat va nudi trdng ciia Oxtraylia mang lai cho dat nudc trung binh 2,65 ty USD/nam.
Nam tai ehinh 2010-11, nudc nay da san xuat tren 160.000 tah san pham phuc vu thi trudng trong nudc va XK, vdi gia tri san lupng nganh khai thac chiem 59% trong 1,3 ty USD tdng gia tri san xuat thiiy san. Thiiy san Oxtraylia kha phong phii, vdi cae loai chinh nhu so diep, tdm, muc d'ng va nhieu loai ca sd'ng d vimg ven bd, viing ran da va dai duong. Oxtraytia cd tdi 111 ngud'n sinh vgt thiiy san da dupe danh gia, trong do 98 nguon loi duoc COI la ben viing, chie'm tdi 91% san lupng danh b^L Tuy vay, trong may nam gan day san lupng thuy san trong nudc cua Oxtraylia khdng tang may va gia thanh da d miic rat cao. Vi
5 6 THUONG MAI Tuff SAN / S6 160 / THANG 4»013
Nh4p khS'u thiiy sin ciia dxtrSvUa, 2008-2012 Nim
Gii tii (ICP USD) Kh£u lupn^ {tan)
2008 1.071.706
210.675 2009 1.050.641
206.416 2010 1.207.772
223.868 2011 1.431.226
277.290 2012 1.573.467 240.788 {u6c) NguSti: Trademap
vay, Oxtraylia rat coi trong viec thu mua va NK cac logi thuy san duoc khai thac ben viing phuc vu tren thi trudng trong nudc.
Hang nam, khoi lupng NK thiiy san eua Oxtraylia chiem khoang 72% td'ng nguon cung cap thuy san. Nam 2009, Oxtraylia nhap khoang 206.416 tan, tri gia 1,05 ty USD va tao ra ngudn doanh thu tdi 4,5 ty USD tren thi trudng trong nudc Nam
2012, Oxtraylia NK 240.788 tah, tri gia 1,573 ty USD. Cac nha san xuat coi cae nha nhap khau thuy san la nhiing dong minh va doi tae trong kinh doanh thiiy san co lpi cho ca hai ben. Hau het thiiy san NK dupe tieu thu d khu vuc dieh vu thuc pham va ban le, chi mpt khdi lupng nhd dupe diing eho nganh che'bie'n.
Nhung san pham thuy san ehinh dupe Oxtraylia NK gom ca
THI TRUCiNGAUAT KHAU
^ Ik
phile ddng lanh, tdm nguyen con va tdm che'bie'n ddng Ignh, muc ddng Ignh,,.. vdi cac ngudn cung cap chinh la Thai Lan, Niu Dilan, Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c...
Rieng Thai Lam chie'm 30% tdng khdi lupng NK ciia Oxtraylia, vdi eae mat hang ehinh la ca ngir hop (vdi hai nhan hieu rat ndi tie'ng la John West va Sirena), tom dong lanh va nhieu san pham tdm die' bie'n sau. Niu Dilan la nguon eung ea'p ehinh cac loai ca va phile ca ddng Ignh va tuoi, cung nhu cac san pham vem xanh.
Viet Nam cung cap phile ea tra va mpt kho'i lupng Idn san pham tdm che' bieh sau va mdt so' hai
san khae. Trung Qud'c cung cap tdm va mdt khd'i lupng Idn san pham muc d'ng die' bie'n vdi nguon nguyen lieu dupe NK td nudc ngoai.
Hien nay, tren thi trudng Oxtraylia, eac san pham thuy san NK cd kha nang cgnh tranh td't, do do don gia NK ngay eang eao va gia nhieu mat hang da vupt qua ca san pham tuong tu ciia chinh Oxtraylia.
Nhieu DN kinh doanh thuy san d Sydney san sang mua thuy san ciia Niu Dilan va chau A eao hon so san pham ndi dia do cha't lupng tot hon va cd ldn han. Mpt so cdng ty danh bat hoac nudi
160 140 120 100
Xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam sang Oxtraylia, 2006-2012
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2006 2007 2009 2010 2011• Gia In XKTS Chung (tneu USD) • Tom (trieu USD) • Ca tra (tneu USD)
Cac mat hang chinh xuat khau sang Oxtraylia . nam 2012
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thiiy san cua Oxtraylia giao san lupng ciia hp cho Trung Qud'c va Thai Lan de che'bie'n va tai xuat sang Oxtraylia nham tan dung ngudn lao ddng nudc ngoai lanh nghe va chi phi tha'p.
Nhin chung thiiy san NK chiem tren 50% hang thuy san ed mat tai cac he thd'ng sieu thi ldn.
Tdm chan trang nguyen con va phile ca tra ciing vdi ca hd'i Dai Tay Duong nudi da chie'm linh mdt vi tri vung chac trong cae sieu thi. Ve mat kmh te' eac san pham thuy san NK cd dan nhan xuat xii thudng mang lai cho cac nha kinh doanh nhieu lpi nhuan hon so vdi thuy san san xuat trong nudc. Thj trudng Oxtraylia coi NK la mpt phan bd sung cho tdng ngudn cung ca'p, nhat la vao nhung thdi diem giap vu thiiy san, chii khdng phai la ddi thii canh tranh vdi san pham npi dia, mac dii van cd su tac ddng qua lgi ve mat thi trudng giua thiiy san NK va san xuat trong nudc, phu thudc vao bieh dpng gia tri aia ddng ddla Oxtraylia va can ddi cung cau.
Viet Nam luon giu' ngoi vj cao trong so cac nha cung cSp thuy san cho Oxtraylia
Tir nhung nam 1990 va dau 2000, mdt so' mat hang thuy san aia Viet Nam, nhu phile ca tra da CO mat tren thi trudng Oxtraylia.
Nhung phai ke tir nam 2006 trd di thi khd'i lupng hang thiiy san Viet Nam XK sang Oxtraylia mdi cd khdi lupng va gia tri dang ke.
Viet Nam ludn nam trong top dan dau cac nha cung cap thuy san thegidi eho Oxtraylia, nhat la
THI TRUCiNG/XUAT KHAU
ddi vdi mat hang tdm va ca phi le.
Theo Trademap, tinh deh het nam 2012, Vipt Nam la nha cung cap thiiy san ldn 3 cho Oxtraylia, sau Thai Lan va Niu Dilan, hon ca Trung Qud'c. Trong do cac mat hang giap xac (chii yeu la tdm) Vipt Nam xep thii 3, sau Trung Qud'e va Thai Lan, trude Malaixia va Inddnexia..., edn mgt hang phile ca diing thii 2, ehi sau Niu Dilan.
Ngoai ra, mat hang nhuyen the eiing diing thii 6, sau Trung Qudc, Niu Dilan, Thai Lan, Nhgt Ban va My. Rieng bach hide, giai dogn 2003-2008 Vipt Nam la nha eung ea'p bgch tupc quan trpng nhat eho Oxtraylia, sau do mdi deh Malaixia va Thai Lan, mat hang ehu yeu la bgch tupc cd nhd lam sgeh. Do nhu cau thi trudng vupt qua kha nang cung cap nen gia da ed thdi diem tang vpt len 3,26 USD/kg (thang 6/2010), cao hon 20% so vdi trude.
Giai dogn tii nam 2006-2009, gia tri XK thiiy san cua Viet Nam sang Oxtraylia bieh dpng nhe, nam trong khoang tir 121 -135 tneu USD/nam, tuy vay giai
doan 2010-2012 gia tri xuat hang nam da tang kha cao, nam 2012 tang 11% so vdi nam 2011, dgt gia tri 183,76 trieu USD.
Diem dang chii y la trong giai doan suy tihoai kinh te gidi keo dai tir 2008 d«i nay, NK thuy san cua Oxtraylia tir cae nudc tren the'gioi ndi ehung va tir Viet Nam deu khdng hei)i sut giam, ma lgi ed xu hudng tang trudng kha tot.
Cae mat hang chinh ciia Viet Nam XK sang Oxtraylia, tinh theo gia tri, gom tdm, ea tra, ea cac logi, nhuyen the va cua, ghp.
Nam 2012, tdm va ca tra chie'm tdi tren 83% tong gia tri XK thiiy san sang Oxtraylia.
Hai thang dau nam nay, 6xti-aylia da NK 30,2 h-ieu USD thiiy san cua Viet Nam, tang 2,9%
so vdi cimg ky nam ngoai. Vao dau nam, NK ciia Oxtraylia thudng d miic tha'p nha't, cao diem ciia vipe mua hang la vao cac thang 5-6 va 11-12 hang nam. Vi vgy du doan, trong eac thang tdi NK thuy san Viet Nam ciia Oxtraylia se tang, tiep tuc xu hudng kha quan nam 2012 vira qua.
XK torn sang Ausb^ia, nam 2011-2012
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M^t hdng torn
Trude nam 2007, Vipt Nam XK kha mgnh tdm ddng lanh nguyen lipu sang Oxtraylia, nhung tir sau thang 9/2007, vipe Oxh-aylia ap dpng Qui dinh Kiem dieh mdi da lam hgn ehe dang ke ddi vdi vi^
NK tdm nguyen lieu (logi chua qua lam chin) do lo nggi torn NK lay nhiem dieh bpnh cho cac loai tdm ban dia (trong trudng hpp dimg lam mdi cau). Nhieii nudc khac ciing bi anh hudng tuong tu, nhu XK tdm nudi dang nguyen heu eiia Malaixia va cua mpt sd'nude khac.
Cae nha XK tdm Viet Nam nhanh ehdng ehuyen sang san xuat tdm bd dau, tdm diin, torn die' bie'n dgng nguyen heu (ravj processed products).Nam 2008 torn che'bieh sau xuat sang Oxtraylia da tang 10 lan. Nhiing san pham nay da trd thanh mgt hang XK quan trpng nhat ve khoi lupng va gia tri trong cac nam 2009- 2010 ciia Viet Nam
Rieng nam 2012, XK tdm sang Oxtraylia dat todn 101 ti-ipu USD, tang 25,7% so vdi nam 2011. Nhir vay, 6xtrayUa la thi trudng NK tdm ldn thii 6 ciia nudc ta, tiong dd tdm che bieh la 77,34 tii?u USD, chi diing sau Nhgt Ban (193,3 tripu USD) va My (149,2 trieu USD) ve san pham nay.
Thdi gian cao diem NK torn ciia 6xtraylia la thang 11 va thang 12 hang nam nhim phyc vu cho Le Giang sinh va Nam mdi, vdi cac loai san pham dupe ua chupng nhu tdm chin nguyen con ddng Ignh va tdm nuoi dong Ignh (chua chin).
Dv doan mat hang tdm c6
THI TRUCiNGAUAT KHAU
nhieu kha nang tie'p tuc gia tang gia tri xuat sang Oxtraylia do Vipt Nam chii ye'u XK cae logi san pham tdm da che'biai tinh va sau. Ddi vdi th( trudng Oxtraylia, mgt hang tdm NK tir lau da la nhan td' ehinh trong ngudn cung cap, mac dii trong nhiing nam gan day san lupng khai thac va nudi trong nudc tang. Deh nay, tdm nhap khSiu van chie'm de'n 58% tdng ngudn cung tdm cho tiSu dimg oia Oxtraylia.
Hi$n nay, Trung Quo'c va Viet Nam dang giii vi tri chii chdt cung cap tdm chd' bi«i cho OxtrSylia, trong dd Trung Qud'e vdi tdm chan trang la chd ye'u, cdn Vipt Nam la tdm sii. Vi vgy, neu ed du nguyen lipu eae nha che bieh va XK tdm Vipt Nam van cd nhieu CO hpi de gia tang mgt hang nay tr&i thi trudng 6xtraylia.
M^thdngphili cd tra Nhiing nam 2000 mgt hang nay dupe ddn nhgn rat tdt tren thi trudng Oxtraylia vdi Ipi the' la ca thjt trang, vj nhp va nhat la gia ca tha'p rat ha'p dan. Mac dii phile ca tra phai cgnh tranh vdi mdt so san phaim ca phil^ tir Niu Dilan va mpt so nudc khac nhung d mang thi trudng gia re, ea tra phile van chie'm uu the'. Mat hang nay rat phii hpp vdi vipe ch^ bie'n thanh cac san pham udp tam gia vi, thich hpp vdi cac mdn BBQ xien que. Day la nhiing san pha'm khdng cd su cgnh tranh trpc tie'p vdi cac san pham san xuat tgi Oxtraylia do gia re va kha dge trung.
Giai dogn 2009 -2011, NK ea tra Vipt Nam cua Oxtraylia lien tpc t3ng nhp, trong dd nam 2011
dgt miic ky Ipc gan 53,3 trieu USD. Rieng nam 2012, Oxtraylia NK 50,2 tiieu USD ea fa-a, giam han 6% so vdi nam 2011. Gia ca tra phUe tren thi trudng Oxtraylia dang ed xu hudng tang len, nam 2009 gia trung binh dgt 2,84 USD/kg, nhung quy 1/2011 len 3,08 USD/kg.
Mpt so tra ngai tren thj triro'ng Oxtraylia
Nhu da de cap d tren, tii thang 9/2007 Co quan Thanh tra va Kiem dich Oxtraylia (Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service) da tang cudng kiem dieh ddi vdi tdm NK do do da han che rat rihieu de'n viec XK tdm nguyen lieu sang nudc nay. Trude day, cac nha quan ly nganh thuy san Oxtraylia da td y lo nggi ve san pham thuy san NK da qua xii ly CO (giii cho san pham cd mau tuoi), nhat la ddi vdi ca ngii NK tir cac nudc Ddng Nam A.
Mdi day, Dgi dien tham tan thuong mai Viet Nam tai Oxtraylia cho biet tien mdt so phuong tien thdng tin cua Oxtraylia da xuat hien rihieu thdng tin khdng cd Ipi cho thiiy san Viet Nam, tap trung chinh vao van de du lupng khang sinh va hda ehat. Chuang trinh To Night ngay 12/3/2013, tren kenh TV eua ABC da dua mot bang video ve san xuat va che' bien thuy san eua Viet Nam. Oxtraylia rat quan nggi ve chat lupng thuy san NK Viet Nam, cu the ddi vdi san pham tom va ca tra. Hp cho rang ne'u an thuy san nudi cd sii dpng thud'c khang sinh de tri bpnh thi se cd kha nang gay
khang khang sinh d ngudi tieu dimg, nhat la tre em.
Vi vgy trude tinh hinh nay.
Cue Che'bieh, Thuong mai Ndng Lam Thuy san va Nghe mudi dang xay dung ke' hoadi mdi gidi truy&i thdng Oxtraylia va cac nhan vat cd anh hudng trong nganh sang tham thyc te' nganh nudi va che'bie'n XK cua nudc ta de hp true hep khao sat chudi gia tri san xuat nhiing mat hang thuy san XK chinh sang thi trudng Oxtiaylia. Dupe biet thanh phan dang quan tam eua doan ed Chu tieh Hipp hpi NK Thiiy san Oxtraylia, tuy nhien co quan quan ly Viet Nam can mdi th§m quan chiic phu trach ve vp sinh ATTP ciia Oxtraylia sang tham de hp cd nhiing nhgn xet va danh gia sau sat hon dudi gdc dd VS ATTP, mdt van de ndng dang dupe edng chiing va ngudi tieu dimg thiiy san Oxtraylia quan tam.
Thdi diem hien nay, rat can thuc hien chuang trinh tren de cd ttie kip thdi dieu ehinh nhiing thdng tin khdng ti'eh cue ve thiiy san nude ta tren thi trudng Oxtraylia, nhat la trong giai dogn suy thoai kinh te' dien ra tren nhieu thi trudng the gidi. Cdng tac xiic tien va tuyen truyen thdng tin mdt each bai ban va chinh thong ve cac san pham thiiy san Vipt Nam va viec dap ling cae tieu diuah chat lupng quoc te trong nudi va ehe' bie'n dang trd thanh mpt phuong tien hiiu hipu de bao ve nganh hang va giii viing thi phan ciia thuy san nudc ta tren thi trudng qud'c te. •
F.M
