KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
AIXIH HLTOIXIG C U A IVIOT S O T H U O C H O A H O C DEIXI BEIXIH THAIXI T H U V A IXIAIXIG S U A T K H O A I HidlXi TROIXIG T A I
HUYEIXl L A P V d , TilXIH DOIXIG T H A P
Nguyfin Van Chuong^ T r ^ Trpng Hmi^
TOMTAT
Nghifin cuu dupc thuc hifin trong dieu kifin ngoai dong tir thang 4 den thang 10 nam 2019 nham danh gia hieu Iuc cua bdn loai thudc hoa hpc den quan ly benh than thu tren cay khoai mon do nam CoUetotrichum sp. gay ra tai xa My An Hung A huyen Lap Vo, tinh Dong Thap. Thi nghiem duoc bd tri gdm 5 nghiem thiic va 4 lan lap lai. Ket qua thi nghifim cho thay trong cac loai thudc thi nghiem, thudc Penncozeb 75DF co hieu Iuc phong tri cao nhat tir 69,8% den 88,4% ddi voi benh than thu tren khoai mon, kfi den thuoc Aliette 800WG CO hieu Iuc phong UTJ tir 64,0% den 75,8%; tiiuoc Anvil 5SC co hieu lire phong trir tir 56,1% den 69,0%; tiiudc Tracomix 760WP co hi^u Iuc phong trir bfinh thap nhat tir 39,8% dfin 54,4%. Thudc Penncozeb 75DF do han che dupc bSnh than thu huu hifiu nen ty le cu nguyen cao (80,0%), ty le cu bi hu thap (20,0%) din dfin nang suat cao nhat (22,8 tan/ha). Nghidm thuc xu ly tiiudc ALette 800WG c6 ty le cu nguyen (78,2%), ty le cu bi hu (21,8%) nang suat (21,2 tan/ha). Nghiem thirc xir ly thudc AnvU 5SC co ty le cu nguyen (77,4%), ty le cu bl hu (22,6%), nang suat (20,5 tan/ha). Thap nhat la nghiem thiic xii ly thudc Tracomix 760WP co ty le cu nguyfin thap hon (74,6%), ty lfi cu bi bu cao (25,4%) va nang sulit thap (19,1 tan/ha) nhung van cao hon so voi nang suat o nghifim thiic ddi chung khong xu ly thudc (15,0 tan/ha).
Tir khda: B6nh than thu. huyen Lap Yd, khoai mon, thudc hoa hoc.
I.DATVANDE
Khoai mon {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) la mpt trong nhimg cay luong thuc cd lich su trdng tipt lau ddi, tiJr khoang 9000 nam trudc. Nd dupc thuan hda diu tifin d An Dp va Ddng Nam chau A, sau dd tiep tuc phat tiien khjp the gidi, la loai cay trdng phd bien va dupc ua thich tren khap thfi' gidi nhd mau sac, hirong vi va gia tri dmh duong (Ramanatha Rao etal., 2010). O nude ta khoai mdn la cay lay cu quan tipng thu 4 sau khoai tay, khoai lang va san, ddng vai tid quan trpng ddi vdi an ninh luong thirc cua hp nong dan san xuat nhd, difin tich trdng khoai mon hang nam khoang 15.000 ha (Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue efa/,2010).
Mpt sd bfinh hai pho bi^n tren khoai mdn da dupc ghi nhan nhu benh kham do virus, bfinh heo xanh do vi khuan Ralstonla solanacearum, benh chet cay con do nam Fusarium spp. Trong dd, dang quan tam la bfinh tiian thu do nam CoUetotrichum spp., vi bfinh cd the gay thifit hai nghiem trong dfin nang
' Khoa Nong nghiep va Tai nguyen thien nhien. Trirong Dai hpc An Giang
^ Sinh vien cao hoc ngknh Khoa hpc cay trong. Tnrcmg Dai hgc An Giang
Email: tthuu.hlvo@gmail com
suat va chat luong cu (Pearson e/^a/,1999). Hifin nay, bfinh than thu do nam CoUetotilchum gay ra la mdt trong nhting benh quan trpng tren rat nhifiu loai cay trdng d ddng bang song Cuu Long (DBSCL) nhu dt, dua leo, ca chua, khoai mon... Sir dung thudc hda hpc de khang bfinh la ky thuat da dupc nghifin cuu tren the gidi de quan ly benh cay trdng nhim chdng lai bfinh than thu do nam CoUetotrichum lagenarium
a r a n Thi Thu Thuy, 2009).
Rieng d huyfin Lap Vd, tinh Ddng Thap tinh den thang 6 nam 2018 toan huyfin trdng 674 ha va lpi nhuan trong khoai mon thudng cao hon gap nhieu lan so vdi trdng lua. Tuy nhifin, mpt trong tid ngai ldn nhat trong canh tac khoai mon la bfinh than thu do nam CoUetotrichum sp. gay ra. Day la mdt trong nhting dich hai nguy hiem anh hudng nghifim tipng den nang suat va chat luong cu khoai mon. Dd la mpt trong nhimg nguyen nhan chinh lam giam difin tich va san lupng cung nhu chat lupng cua cay trdng nay d huyfin Lap Vd. Viec tim hieu bifin phap phdng tri hifiu qua mdt sd loai thudc trong phdng tru bfinh than thu la viec lam can thiet va cip bach nham gnip ba con nong dan khdi phuc va phat tnen difin tich canh tac khoai mdn b huyfin l i p Vd, nhim gdp phan da dang hoa cay trdng tifin tdi mpt nfin ndng nghifip da dang va ben vimg.
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I. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGMffl CUU 2 . 1 . V 4 t l i ^ n g h i e n c i i u
Dat bo tri thi nghiem la loai dat phii sa boi tai xa My An Hung A, huyta l i p Vo, tinh Dong Thap.
Truoc khi trong dat dugc lam sach co dai, xoi, phoi va phan 16. Dung cu thi nghiem: Binh phun thuoc (16 ht), xo pha thuoc, cay cam lam dau ditu tra, do, may anh. T t a giong Khoai Mon Cao cua dia phuong co thoi gian sinh trudng 150 ngay. Ngay xuong giong:
01/4/2019, khoang cac trong: 70 x 100 cm (14.286 cSy/ha).
Tdng luong phan bon (kg/ha) la: 256 N + 158 P2O5 + 206 K2O. Trong do: Phan urea: 600 kg, DAP:
100 kg, KCl: 250 kg, NPK 16.16.8: 700 kg. Bon lot:
100 kg DAP. Bon thiic lan 1: 200 kg urea + 70 kg KCl + 200 kg NPK Bon thiic lan 2: 200 kg urea + 80 kg KCl + 200 kg NPK. Bon thiic lan 3: 200 kg urea + 100 kg KCl+ 300 kg NPK.
2.2. Phuong ph4p nghita ciiu
Thi nghiem dupc bd tri theo kieu khdi hoan tOan ngiu nhita (RCBD) voi 5 nghiem thiic (4 nghiem thiic xu ly thudc va 1 nghiem thiic ddi chiing khdng xu ly thudc), 4 lan lap lai. Thudc BVTV duoc phun 3 giai doan theo thoi gian la 30, 60 va 90 ngay sau khi trdng (NSKD lieu luong theo bang 1. Dien hch 1 6 thi nghiem la 50 m^ (ke ca ldi di 2,5 m x 20 m). Cac nghiem thiic thi nghiem gdm: Nghiem thiic 1 (NTl):
Thudc Anvil 5 SC, lieu luong phun 20 ml/binh 16 lit;
nghifim thtic 2-NT2: Thudc Aliette 800WG, heu luong phun 40 g/binh 16 lit; nghiem thiic 3-NT3: Thudc Tracomix 760WP, lieu luong phun 30 g/binh 16 lit;
nghiem thiic 4-NT4: Thudc Penncozeb 75DF, Mu luong phun 50 g/binh 16 lit; nghiem thiic 5-D6i chiing khdng phun thudc. Cach xu ly thudc: Phun thudc deu trta la (be), toan cay benh, tranh xii ly liic mua va sang sdm cay cdn dong strong (phun khi benh xuat hita).
Kyhieu NTl NT2 NT3 NT4 DC
BSng 1. C ^ loai thudc v^ li^u lupng trong cic nghidm thtic thi Tfin thuong pham
Anvil 5 SC Ahette 800WG Tracomix 760WP Penncozeb 75DF Ddi chiing
Hoat chat Hexaconazole (85%) Fosetyl Aluminium (95%)
Propineb 700g/kg Cymoxanil 60g/kg Mancozeb (75%)
Lifiu luong sir dung 20 ml/binh 16 lit
40 g/binh 16 ht 30 g/binh 16 ht 50 g/binh 16 lit
nghidm Cdng ty san xuat Syngenta Vietnam Ltd Bayer Vietnam Ltd Hda nong lua vang Khu trimg Viet Nam Khdng phun thudc
Chi tifiu theo doi: Ty lfi bfinh (TLB%) la sd la bi bfinh/tdng sd la dieu tra x 100.
Chl sd bfinh CSB {%) = (I[(Ni x 1) + (N3 x 3)... -r ( N „ x n ) ] / N x K ) x l 0 0 .
Trong dd: Nj: Sd la (be) bi hai d cap 1; l^„: Sd la (be) b i h a i d c a p n ; N: Tong sd la (be); K; Cap bfinh cao nhat cua thang phan cap.
Phan cap bfinh than thu trfin la (be) cay khoai m6n tir cap 0 ddn cap 9 theo Cue Bao ve Thuc vat nhu sau; Bfinh cap 0: Khdng cd la (be) hi hai; bfinh cap 1: < 1% difin tich la (be) bi hai; bfinh cap 3:1 - 5%
difin tich la (be) bi hai; benh cap 5: > 5 - 25% difin tich la (be) bi hai; benh cap 7: > 25 - 50% difin tich la (be) hi hai; bfinh cap 9: > 50% difin tich la (be) hi hai.
Ty le bfinh (%) va chi sd bfinh (%): Thdi gian dieu tra: 1 ngay tiirdc phun, 7 va 14 ngay sau phun. Hifiu
Iuc cua cac loai thudc thi nghifim dupc tinh tiieo cdng tiitic (Blaha, 1974).
Q (%) = [1- (Ta X Cb)/Crb x Ca) ] x 100.
Trong dd: Q: hifiu Iuc (%); Ta: Chi sd benh tiong Id thi nghiem sau xu ly thudc; Tb: Chi sd benh tiong Id thi nghifim trudc xu ly thudc; Ca: Chi sd b0nh trong 16 ddi chimg sau xu ly thudc; Cb: Chi sd b^rUi trong 16 ddi chung tnrdc xu ly thudc.
Cac yen td cau thanh nang suat: Ty lfi cii nguyfin CTLC %) = (a/b) X 100. Trong do: a sd cu nguyfin; b tdng sd cu. Sd cay/ha: Tong sd cay khoai mdn tidng trfin ha. Khdi luong trung binh 01 cu (Rbcu): Iiy 50 cu dem can lay khdi luong trung binh cua 1 cu (g).
Sd cu/cay: Dfim sd cii trfin timg cay. Nang suat ly tiiuyet (tan/ha) (Sd cay/ba x so cu/cay x P^cu)/100 X 1000. Nang suat thuc te (tin/ha): Lay nang suat cua timg 6 thi nghiem sau khi can ban.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
2.3. Phan tich tiidng kfi
Sd Ufiu vd cac chi tifiu tiieo doi dupc thu thap va xu ly thdng kfi theo phan mdm Excel.
STATGRAPHICS. Dung ti-ac nghiem F (ANOV^ va phep tiitr DUNCAN de so sanh su khac bifit giira cac nghifim thirc.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Anh hudng cua thudc hda hpc dfin benh than thu trfin cay khoai mon trong vu dfing xuan nam 2019 tai huyfin Lap Vd, tinh Ddng Thap
Ddi vdi bfinh than thu ngoai cac bifin phap phdng trir nhu dung gidng tdt, bdn phan can ddi.
trdng vdi mat dp thich hpp khong qua day thi viec dimg thudc hda hoc de ngan chan bfinh kip thoi, ddng thoi giti nang suat khoai mon la mpt bifin phap can thiet va kh6ng the thifi'u duoc. Ngoai ra viec tim cac loai thudc tiiich hpp de bd sung va loai thudc luan phifin su dung nham tianh kha nang khang thudc dang sir dung va td ra kem hieu Iuc. Yi vay da tidn hanh thu nghifim hifiu qua phdng trti benh than thu trfin khoai mon cua mpt sd loai thudc hda hpc nham xac dinh loai thudc thich hpp nhat viia cd kha nang trir bfinh than thu vira dem lai hifiu qua kinh te phu hpp cho ngudi nong dan.
Bang 2. Anh hudng cila thudc thi nghifim ddn ty lfi bfinh (%) than thu trfin Mioai m6n vu ddng xuan tgi huyfin L^p Vd, tinh Dong Thap, nam 2019
Nghiem thuc
Anvil SSC Ahette 800WG Tracomix 760WP Penncozeb 75DF Ddi chiing F CV(%)
Trudc phun 8,75' 9,38"' 8,75' 9,38"''
10,0"
*
21,9
Lan phun 1 (30NSKT) 7 NSP
5,63'=
5,00=
6,88' 5,63'=
11,3"
*
12,5
14 NSP 4,38' 3,75' 5,00' 3,13' 11,9"
•
14,9
Lan phun 2 (60NSKD 7 NSP 8,75"' 7,50' 9,16"' 7,08' 12,9'
*
13,1
14 NSP 5,42' 4,16' 6,66' 3,33' 12,9"
*
12,8
Lan phun 3 (90NSKT) 7 NSP
5,71' 5,36' 7,14' 3,21' 9,28-
*
11,8
14 NSP 4,64'=
3,57=
6,42' 2,50=
9,64"
*
13,1 Ghi chd- NSP: Ngay sau phun; NSTCF: ngay sau khi
Ket qua d bang 2 cho thay: G lan theo doi 1 ngay trudc phun, gitia cac nghifim tiiuc khong cd su khac bifit so vdi ddi chting. 6 7 ngay sau phun ldn phun thu 1: Giua cac nghifim tiitic xu ly tiiudc khong cd su khac biet va khac bifit rat cd y nghia so voi ddi chung. Trong cac loai thudc thi nghiem, thudc Aliette 80DWG cd ty 16 bfinh tiiap nhat 5,00%, kfi ddn thudc Penncozeb 75DF va thudc Anvil 5 SC cd ty le bfinh 5,63%, tiiudc Tracomix 760WP cd ty lfi bfinh cao nhat 6,88%. O 14 ngay sau phun d cac nghifim thtic xu ly thudc hieu Iuc tru benh than thu cd chieu hudng giam, cac nghifim thu-c cd ty lfi benh bien dpng tir 3,13% ddn 5,00%, trong dd nghifim thtic xu ly tiiudc Penncozeb 75DF cd ty lfi benh thap nhat (3,13%), ke den nghifim thtic xvr ly thudc Aliette 800WG (3,75%), Anvd 5SC (4,38%), nghifim thuc xu ly tiiudc Tracomix 760WP cd ty le benh cao nhat 5,00%.
Lan phun thu 2: Giua cac nghiem thuc xu ly thudc vin khdng cd su khac bifit va khac bifit rat cd y nghia
tiong
so vdi ddi chung. O 14 ngay sau phun, nghiem thtic xu ly thuoc Penncozeb 75DF cd ty lfi bfinh thap nhat (3,33%), kd den nghifim thuc xir ly thudc Ahette 800WG (4,16%), Anvd 5 SC (5,42%), nghifim tiiuc xu ly thudc Tracomix 760WP co ty lfi bfinh cao nhat (6,66%). Thdi diem 14 ngay sau phun lan phun thti 3:
Nghifim thtic xu ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd ty le bfinh thap nhat (2,50%), ke den nghifim tiiuc xir ly tiiudc Ahette 800WG (3,57%), Anvd 5 SC (4,64%), nghiem thuc xu ly thudc Tracomix 760WP cd ty le benh cao nhat (6,42%).
Nhin chung, d ca 3 lan phun cac loai thudc thi nghifim dfiu khdng che dupc bfinh than thu nhung d muc dp khac nhau, Thuoc Penncozeb 75DF cd hifiu qua phdng tru tdt nhat nen cd ty lfi benh thap nhat, kd den la thudc Aliette 800WG, Anvil 5 SC, tiiudc Tracombi 760WP c6 hieu qua phdng tru thap nhat.
Rieng nghiem thuc ddi chung khdng xu ly thudc nfin ty le bfinh tang dang ke.
45
KHOA HOC CdNG HGHt
Bang 3. Anh huong cua c4c loai thudc thi nghiSm Hn chi sd K n h (%) thin thu t r t a khoai mdn vy dong xuSn n i m 2019 lai huy^n lAp V6, tinh Bdng T h i p
Nghiem thiic Anvil 5 SC Aliette 800WG Tracomix 760WP Penncozeb 75DF Ddi chimg F CV(%)
Trudc phun 1,25 1,32 1,18 1,39 1,46 ns 14,7
Lan phun 1 7 NSP
0,76 0,69 1,04 0,63 1,60 ns 13,5
14 NSP 0,49 0,42 0,56 0,35 1,81 ns 13,2
Lan phun 2 7 NSP
1,89' 1,57' 2,13' 1,34' 3,66"
•
18,5 14 NSP
0,97"
0,46=
1,57' 0,37=
3,94"
*
7,17
Ldn phun 3 7 NSP 0,87'=
0,75"
1,11' 0,36=
2,86"
*
15,6 14 NSP
\M?1—
0,52' 1,03' 0,28' 2,94"
*
13,0 Chi sd bfinh hai cho biet phan tram difin tich la
bi bfinh, chi sd benh phu thupc vao vet bfinh trfin la (be). Chi sd bfinh cang cao thi difin tich la bi bfinh cang nhieu dSn ddn cay sinh trudng phat trien kem do mat kha nang quang hpp.
Qua ket qua bang 3 nhan thay: O lan theo doi 1 ngay tnrdc phun, giua cac nghifim thuc khong cd su khac biet so vdi ddi chung. Thdi diem 7 ngay sau Iphun lan 1: Bfinh xuat hifin trfin tat ca cac nghifim
! thuc thi nghifim, gitia cac nghifim thuc xu ly thudc van khong cd sir khac biet so vdi ddi chung. Trong dd, nghiem thirc xu ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd chi sd bfinh ihap nhat 0,63%, ke den nghifim thuc xir ly -thudc Ahette 800WG (0,69%), Anvil 5 SC (0,76%), Inghifim thuc xu ly thudc Tracombc 760WP cd chi sd
bfinh cao nhat 1,04%. O 14 ngay sau phun lan 1: Cac nghifim thirc xu ly thudc cd chi sd bfinh bifin ddng tu 0,35% ddn 0,56%. Nghiem thtic xu ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd chl sd benh thap nhat (0,35%), nghiem thuc xu ly tiiudc Tracomix 760WP cd chi sd bfinh cao nhat (0,56%), cac nghifim thuc xu ly thudc cdn lai cd chi sd bfinh d miic trung binh. Nghifim thuc ddi chting khong xu ly thudc nen chi sd bfinh cao nhat vdi 1,81%. 6 14 ngay sau phun lan 2: Bfinh tiep tuc gia tang, chi sd benh bien ddng tir 0,37% den 1,57%.
nghifim thuc cd xu ly thuoc (3,94%). nghifim tiiuc xir ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd chi sd benh thap nhat (0,37%), ke den nghifim thuc xu ly thudc Ahette 800WG (0,46%), Anvil 5 SC (0,97%), nghifim tiiuc xii ly thudc Tracomix 760WP cd chi sd bfinh cao nhat (1,57%). Qua dd, cho thay cac nghiem thuc xtr iy thudc cd su khac bifit rat cd y nghia so vdi nghifim thtic ddi chung. 6 14 ngay sau phun lan 3: Chi so bfinh d cac nghifim thuc cd xu ly thudc bidn dpng tir 0,28% den 1,03%. Trong dd, nghifim tiiuc xir ly tiiudc Penncozeb 75DF cd chi sd benh thap nhat (0,28%), nghifim thuc xu ly thudc Tracomix 760WP cd chi so bfinh cao nhat (1,03%), cac nghifim thtic xu ly tiiudc cdn lai cd chi sd bfinh d muc tiung binh. Nghifim thuc ddi chung kh6ng xti ly thudc cd chi sd b^nh tang dang ke (2,94%). Tu dd cho tiiay cac nghidm tinic cd xu ly thudc khdng cd su khac biet v^ cd sy khac biet rat cd y nghia so vdi ddi chung. Trong cac nghifim thuc xu ly thudc ddu tdn tai nhung vdt b^nh, phan ldn la do anh huong cua thai tidt, chd dp bon phan khong can ddi (Trinh thi Thanh Huong va cs, 2017). Trong dd, nghifim thuc xu ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd hifiu qua phdng tii tdt nhat, kd den nghidm tiiuc xu ly thudc Ahette 800WG, Anvil 5 SC, nghifim thuc xir ly thudc Tracomix 760WP cd hifiu qua phdng tri thap nhat.
Nghifim thuc ddi chung cd chl sd benh cao sd vdi cac
Bang 4. Hi^u Iuc phdng trii (%) b^nh than tiiti cua cdc loai thudc thi nghidm trfin khoai m6n vu ddng xufln nam 2019 tai huyfin L^p Vo, tinh Ddng Thap
Nghiem thiic
Anvil SSC Aliette 800WG Tracomix 760WP Penncozeb 75DF
Lidu luong (kg/ha; lit/ha)
0,6 1,2 0,9 1,5
Hita Iuc phong trir (%) Lan phun 1
57,2 64,0 42,0 69,8
Lan phun 2 56,1 70,5 39,8 76,4
Lin phun 3 69,0 75,8 54,4 88,4 Ghi chu: Hidu Iuc cua cic loai tiiudc thinghiem duoc tinh dua tien chisd benh (9).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Qua bang 4, tiiudc Penncozeb 75DF cd hifiu Iuc
phdng trir ddi vdi bdnh than thu khoai mon tdt nhat tir 69,8% ddn 88,4%; thudc Ahette 800WG cd hifiu Iuc phdng titr tti 64,0% ddn 75,8%; ke den tiiudc Anvil 5SC cd hidu lire phdng trti tti 56,1% ddn 69,0%; tiiudc Tracomix 760WP cd hifiu Iuc phdng trti bfinh thap nhat tu 39,8 - 54,4%. Kdt qua tii bang 4 cho thay heu lupng tiiudc Anvil 5SC duoc su dung thap nhat (0,6 lit ha') kd tidp la Tracomix 760WP (0,9 gam h a ^ khi so sanh vdi Ahette 800WG (1,2 gam ha'^) va cao nhat la Penncozeb75DF (1,5 gam h a ^ . Vi the, ti lfi bfinh va chi sd bfinh ctia 2 loai thudc AnvU 5SC va Tracombc 760WP thap hon hai loai thudc cdn lai chi cao han nghiem thtic ddi chimg khdng phun thudc (Bang 2 va 3). Mac du trong cac nghifim thuc xu ly tiiudc deu cd hieu Iuc phdng tru nhimg nghiem thuc xu ly thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd hifiu qua phong h-i tdt nhat, kfi den nghifim thtic xir ly thudc Aliette 800WG, Anvil 5 SC, nghifim thuc xu ly tiiudc Tracombc 760WP cd hieu qua phdng tii thap nhat va ke den la Anvil 5SC deu giam hifiu Iuc phdng tru tiong lan phun thti 2.
Nhin chung 4 loai thudc thi nghifim deu cd thfi sir dung de phdng benh than thu tien khoai m6n.
Trong dd, thudc Penncozeb 75DF cd hifiu Iuc phdng trir tdt bfinh than thu ddng thdi cdn giam chi phi phun tiiudc bao vfi thuc vat v^ dem lai hieu qua tdt nhat Cac nghiem thuc thi nghifim chi phun 3 giai
Bang 5. Anh huong ciia cac loai thudc thi nghidm d^n cac y^u td cau thinh nSng suat cua khoai mdn vy ddng xuan nam 2019 tgi huyfin Lap Vd, tinh Ddng Th6p
doan 30, 60 va 90 NSKT ti-ong khi n6ng dan phun rat nhieu lan va Ueu lupng rat cao, vi vay chi phi sir dung thudc cao hon cac thi nghifim trong nghien cuu.
Ket qua d bang 5 cho thay: Nghiem thuc xu ly tiiudc Penncozeb 75DF do han che dupc bfinh than thu huu hifiu nfin ty lfi cu nguyfin cao (80,0%), ty le cu bi hu thap (20,0%) dan den nang suat tiiuc thu cao (22,8 tan/ha). Ke dfin nghifim tiitic xu ly thudc Aliette 800WG cd ty lfi cu nguyfin (78,2%), ty lfi cu bi hu (21,8%) nang suat thuc tiiu (21,2 tan/ha). Nghifim thtic xu ly thudc Anvil 5SC cd ty le cu nguyen (77,4%), ty le cu bi hu (22,6%), nang suat tiiuc tiiu (20,5 tan/ha). Thap nhat trong cac nghifim thuc cd xu ly thudc la nghifim thuc xu ly thudc Tracomix 760WP han chfi bfinh than thu khdng cao nfin ty lfi cu nguyfin thap hon (74,6%), ty 16 cu bi hu cao (25,4%) dan den nang suat thuc thu fliap (19,1 tan/ha). Nghiem thuc ddi chting do khong xu ly thudc nfin ty lfi bfinh va chi sd bfinh cao lam han che kha nang quang hpp va van chuyen chELt dinh duong vfi cu thap nfin ty le cu bi hu cao (29,6%), ty lfi cu nguyfin thap (70,4%) dan den nang suat thap (15,0 tan/ha). Qua do, nhan th^y bfinh than thu da anh hudng ddn ty lfi cu khoai mon. Vi vay mudn tang nang suat va hifiu qua su dung tifin cung mdt don vi difin tich chung ta nfin chpn loai thudc phu hpp de phdng trir cho timg giai doan sinh trudng.
Nghifem thiic
Anvils SC Aliette 800WG Tracomix 760WP Penncozeb 75DF Doi chiing F CV(%)
LL (kg/ha Ut/ha) 0,6 1,2 0,9 1,5
So cu/cay
(cii) 01 01 01 01 01
PftCU (g) 185 190 179 200 149 ns 12,9
NSLT (tan/ha)
26,5"' 27,1"' 25,6'=
28,5"
21,3="
*
11,2
Ty le Cll nguyta
(%)
77,4"
78,2"' 74,6=' 80,0"
70,4*
*
10,5 Ty le cu
hu(%) 22,6"
21,8==' 25,4"' 20,0'=
29,6"
*
11,1 NSTT (tan/ha)
20,5"' 21,2"
19,1"
22,8"
15,0=''
*
11,9 Chi chu: IL la lieu luong: NSLT la nang suit ly thuyet: NSTT la nang suit thue td.
4.KnLUANVAKIBllNGHI 4.LKAlu8n
Trong 4 loai thuoc thi nghit^m, thudc Penncozeb 75DF CO lieu lucmg sir dirng cao nhat la 1,5 g/ha co hieu Iuc phong tri cao nhat (69,81 - 88,41%) ddi vdi btah than thu t r t a khoai mon phu thudc vao sd lin
phun, thudc cd the ngan ngira su phat smh va phat trien ciia btah; thudc Aliette 800WG vdi lita luong su dung cao tiep theo 1.2 g/ha cd hieu Iuc phdng trir hi 64,00 - 75,78%; thudc Anvil 5SC cd hieu Iuc phdng trir tir 56,05 - 68,99^ voi lita luong su dung thap nhat (0,6 L/ha); thudc Tracomix 760WP cd hita Iuc NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020 47
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi
phdng tiTJ bfinh tiiap nhat tir 39,76 - 54,35% vdi Lieu 5. Trinh Thi Thanh Huong. Nguyfin Thi Hanh, lupng su dung (0,9 g/ha) va tat ca phun ti-ong 3 giai Pham Thi Tuoi, Nguyfin Thi Ngoc Hue. D6 Nang doan 30,60 va 90 NSKT. Vinh, 2017. Anh hudng cua mat do trdng va muc 4.2. Ki^n nghi phan bdn ddn sinh trudng, phat tiien va he so nhan Tiep tuc khao sat thudc Penncozeb 75DF d cac gidng cay khoai mon Bac Kan tu cay nuoi cay m6.
vu khac nhau de cd ket qua ro hon vd hieu Iuc phdng Tap chi Khoa hpc Cong nghfi Nong nghifip Vidt trir cua thudc. Nam, sd 4 (77): 40 - 48.
Tfll UEU THAM KHAO 6. Trinh Thi Thanh Huong. Nguyfin Thi Hanh, 1. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue, Nguyen Van Viet, Vu Pham Thi Tuoi, Nguyfin Thi Ngpc Hue, Dd Nang Linh Chi and M. S Prana, 2010. Taro germplasm Vinh, 2017. Nghifin cuu mdt sd bifin phap ky tiiuat collection in Vietnam. In The Global diversity of taro: trdng khoai m6n Bdc Kan thuong pham bang cii bi Enthnobotany and conservation, pp. 60-68. gidng tir cay nuoi cay mo. Tap chi Nong nghifip va 2. Ramanatiia, Rao. V, Danny Hunter, Pablo Phat tiidn nong thdn - ky 2 - thang 7/2017, sd 14, B.Eyzaguirre and Peter J. Matthews, trang 65 - 74.
2010.Ethnobotany and global diversity of taro. hi 7. Trinh Thi Thanh Huong, Pham Thi Hdng TheGlobal diversity of taro: Enthnobotany Nhung, Pham Thi Tuoi, Nguyfin TTii Ngpc Hud, Do andconservation, pp. 1-5. Nang Vinh, 2017. Nghifin cuu mpt sd phuong phap 3. Pearson, M. N., Jackson, G. V. H., Saelea, J., bao quan cu gidng khoai mon Bac Kan. Tap chi Morar, S. G., 1999. Evidence for two rhabdoviruses Nong nghifip va Phat tri^n nfing thon - ky 2 - thang in taro {Colocasia esculenta) in the Pacific region. 8/2017, sd 16, trang 46-52.
Austi^lasian Plant Patiiology 28: 248-25.
4. Tran Thi Thu Thuy, 2009. Kich tiiich tinh khang b§nh than thu trfin dua leo. Tap chi Khoa hoc, Dai hpc Can Tho. Vol 11:126-13.
EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE AND YIELD OF TARO GROWN IN LAP VO DISTRICT, DONG THAP PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Chuong, TVan TVong Huu Summary
Field experiments were conducted at My An Hung A commune. Lap Vo district, Dong Thap province during 4/2009 and 10/2009 seasons to evaluate the efficacy of four pestisides able to conU-ol anthracnose disease on taro caused by Colletotnchum sp. The field experiment included five treatments and four replicates. Experimental results show that among the expenmental pesUcides, Penncozeb 75DF has the highest prevenUve and therapeutic effect from 69.8% to 88.4% for anthracnose disease on taro, followed by the effective Aliette 800WG magnetic control from 64.0% to 75.8%; Anvil SSC medicine has tiie effect of preventing from 56.1% to 69.0%; Tracomix 760WP drug had die lowest effective preventive effect from 39.8%
to 54.4%. Penncozeb 75DF thanks to control anthracnosedisease effectively, the ratio of good corms is high (80.0%) andbroken corms is low (20.0%). leading to ttie highest yield (22.8 tons/ha). Aliette 800WG witii tiie ratio of good corms (78.2%) and broken tubers (21.8%) had the yield (2L2 tons/ha). TreaUnent of Anvil SSC has the ratio of good corms (77.4%), die proportion of brokencorms (22.6%) and the yield (20.5 tons/ha).
Tracombt 760WP treated with the lowest percentage of good corms (74.6%), the highest percentage of broken comis (25.4%) and the lowest yield (19.1 lons/ha) compared to the pesticide treatmented freaments but sdll higher than the yield in the control treatment (15.0 tons/ha).
Ifeywords: Anthracnose disease. Lap Vo province, pesticide, taro.
Ngudi p h ^ bien: GS.TS. Nguyfe VSn Tult N g ^ y n h ^ b ^ : 02/3/2020
Ngdy thdng qua p h ^ bi^n: 3/4/2020 Ngjly duyet dang: 10/4/2020
48 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
