Phat trien
djch vu ngan hang ban le tai cac ngan hang thifofng mai Viet Nam
HOANG THI HCIYEM*
Thm gian qua, cac ngSn hang thritfng mai (NHTM) Vi$t Nam da co nhi&ig chuyin hifdng dSu tif m^nh me sang dich vu ngSn hang ban le va d?it dU<fc nhiiu Itfe't qua ndi bat. DSy la hiidc £ phii h ^ vdi xu htfdFng phat trifi'n va chu tnAAig cua Nha nrfdc. Bai vife't phSn tich thifc trang dich v^ ngan hang ban le tai cac NHTM Vi$t Nam, chu ygu vffi cac nhom san ph^m huy ddng v6h ca nhSn, cho vay ca nhSn va thanh toan, dSng thdi danh gia cac cot h^i cung kho khSn, thach thifc ddi vdi NHTM Vi^t Nam trong Dhh vi^c ban le. TiJf do, d l xuSft mSt seTkhuygh nghj nhim phat triln dich vu ngan hang ban le tai cac NHTM Vi$t Nam.
THI/C TR^NG
Huy dpng vdn
Huy ddng vdn ttt ca nhan drfdc xem Id mOt trong nhflhg hoat ddng cdt ldi nhd't, chidm vai trd chd dao trong mdng bdn Ie.
Ty trpng vdn huy ddng ttt cd nhan so vdi tong vdn huy ddng thttdng cao. Do ngudn Ittc cd han, trong bdi vid't ndy, tdc gid chi nghidn cdu dai didn 10 NHTM Viet Nam (gdm: Vietcombank, Vietinbank, BIDV, Agribank, Techcombank, Eximbank, TPBank, VIB, VPBank, Sacombank) ttt ndm 2016 ddn 2019 de flid'y dtfdc stf tang
trtfdng eda ngudn vdn huy ddng ttt khdeh hdng cd nhan vd t;^ Id sd dtf tidn gdi cd nhin/tdng vdn huy ddng.
Bdng 1 cho tha'y, dtf cd tidn gijfi cd nhdn qua cdc nam deu tSng trrfdng dang kd, t^ Id drf cd tidn gdi cd nhdn/tdng tien gdi hiu hd't tang va dat trdn 50%. Ddc bidt, tai mdt sd ngan hdng, t? Id ndy rat cao, gdm:
Sacombank, Agribank, Techcombank, Eximbank.
Tin dpng bdn le
Trrfdc ddy, cho vay doanh nghidp thrfdng chidm hdn 80% tdng danh muc cho vay eda cac NHTM Vidt Nam. Tuy nhidn, nhffng nSm gan day, eae ngdn hang da chuydn chidn ltfdc kinh doanh sang phat tridn dich vu ngan hdng bdn le, chd yeu la tai chinh cd nhdn vd cho vay tidu dung vdi ldi nhudn cao vd on dinh.
BANG 1: Dtf C6 TIEM GOfl CA NHAN VA TV LIg Dtf CO T I I N ctf] CA NHAN/TONG Tlferi GCfl TJ^i 10 NHTM Dan vi tinh: Tri^u dSng
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Vietcombank Vietinbank BIDV Apribank Teclicombank TPBank VIB VPBank Sacombank Fximbank
H D i f c 6 326,963 703 348,446 993 394.647.471 674.107.397 111.786,808 29.961.039 30.605.463 74.115,293 254.328.021 77.039.085
TfWm
55 52 54 77,8 64 54 52 59.9 87 75
W~ 2017 """
Dtfcd 392,031.177 412,340,160 469.592 558 795.835.301 121.043.844 36.651.465 26.683,802 77,464,297 276,925,102 87.606 899
Tyie(%) 55 55 55 79 71 52 39 58 87 75
• • " • « Dtfc6 ^ 421.507.009 435.144.186 572.320.166 868.427,882 142.056.460 40.705.911 57.772.237 105.126.089 302.321.039 85.560.166
MmaMMfc-^iiMJ"-^
w^m
52 53 57,8 79 70,5 53.5 68.1 62 86,5 72mm^-
466.841.9^6 472.022.9()S 618.067.55^985.749.431 167.211.987 47.874.500 90.715.621 134.882.868 342.912.035 99.900.618
T y l « ( ^ 50 52,8 55,5 78 72,3 51,8 74,1 63 85,5 71.7 Nguon Tong hdp tir bao cao lai chinh cua cac [SHTM
• ThS., Truang D?i htjc Kinh t« Ngh6 An
39
H CflU - TRAO DOI
BANG 2: DU NO CHO VAY CA MHAN VA T * L? Dfl W} CHO VAY cA I ^ H A N / T 6 N O Dtf NO T*l 10 NHTM Dtm Vf linh: Trifu dSng
^1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
\ Ngan h^ng , Vietuimbank Vielinbanlt BIDV Agribank Techcombank TPBank VIB VPBank Sacombank Eximbank
^ 2016 ftDtlna—
116.463.229 152.700.606 199.654.519 469.515.823 61.643.805 20.530.206 28,328.759 89.972.801 104.049.984 39.840.054
T>I«(%J, 25 23 28 63 43 44 47 62 52 46
2017 . f l i l l H ^ ~7<I1S ' ^ O H H l F l 201 fcj>tfn(<_
177.778.008 196.444.680 269328.431 569.716.618 54.777.431 25.831.630 50.706.675 117.375.994 130.864302 48.586.979
T i M l U l p i a H n . f 33 25 31 68 34 41 63 64 59 48
235.884 0^2 246.593 889 319.629.909 643.738.425 72.383.679 38.990,040 71.115.623 128.503.645 156.251.371 56.443.615
T U m S j I l M f c t 37 29 32 70 45 51 74 58 61 54
315.781.580 274.787.877 391.959.180 782.110.088 105.247.350 51.568.181 105.023.766 150.954.341 182.944.083 58.562.590
43 29 35 70 46 54 81 59 62 52 Hguon: Tong hqip \.<X bao cao tai chinh c Tdc gia tidp tue tdng hdp dtf nd cho vay cd nhdn, ty
Id dtf nd cho vay ea nhdn/tdng cho vay tai 10 NHTM didn hinh (Bdng 2). Cd thd thiy, cho vay ea nhan tai cdc ngan hdng trong 4 nam qua deu tang dang kd. T;y Id tidn gud cd nhan/tdng tien gjM va eho vay cd nhdn/tdng cho vay hiu hd't ddu tdng. d nhidu ngdn hdng, tJ le nay rat eao, nhrf: Agribank (> 70%), VIB (> 80%), Sacombank (> 60%)... Dieu dd eho thd'y vi tri ehu dao vd tim quan trpng cho vay cd nhdn cua cdc ngdn hdng.
Thanh todn
Cttng vdi stt phat trien cua cdng nghd ngdn hang, thdi gian qua, dieh vu thanh todn trong linh vtfc ngdn hang bdn le ed nhieu btfdc tie'n vtfdt bae. Hinh thde thanh toan ngdy eang trd ndn da dang vdi intemet banking, mobile banking, thanh todn bdng ma QR, POS di dpng (mPOS), edng nghe the chip, vi didn td...
Nhd dd, cdc giao dieh cd the thtfc hien mpi ldc, mpi ndi, rdt ngin thdi gian thtfc hidn giao dich tai quiy tdi hdn 80%, qua dd tSng mdc dd hai ldng eda khdch hdng;
tang ctfdng tinh bdo mat thdng tin; nam bit xu hrfdng Itfa chpn cda khdch hdng...
Theo Hidp hdi Thd ngdn hdng Viet Nam, nam 2018 chdng kidn stf gia tang manh vd sd' Irfdng ddn vi chd'p nhdn ma QR, vdi gin 58.000 diem thanh todn, tdng 600% so vdi ndm 2017. Viet Nam cd 27.500 dia diem eha'p nhdn thanh todn qua mPOS tfong nam 2018. Cae fludt bi POS da tSng ttt 306.158 tfong nSm 2017 len trdn 345.000 tfong nam 2018. Sd ngrfdi cd tai khodn ngdn hdng Id 45,8 tridu, chiem 63% ddn sd'. Didu nay da tao ndn tang vu^g chae giup thanh todn didn ttt cd ed hpi phat trien.
CO H O I VA THACH THLfC TRONG PHAT TRIEN DICH VU NGAN HANG BAN LE TAI CAC NHTM VifT NAM
Cahdi
Su diiu lidnh chi dgo. dinh hUdng eUa Chinh phii va Ngdn hdng Nhd nude
Thdi gian qua, Chinh phu vd Ngdn hdng Nha nttdc da ed stt dieu hanh chi dao cdc hoat ddng lidn quan ddn hd tfd linh vtfc ngdn hang bdn le. Tttnam 2006 dd'n nay.
Chinh phu da ban hdnh nhidu quydt dinh, ehi thi phdt trien thanh todn khdng dClng tidn mdt phu hdp vdi tiftig giai doan. Gin ddy nhd't Id Chi flii sd 22/CT-TTg, ngdy 26/5/2020 eua Thd tttdng Chinh phu ve vide dly manh trien khai cac gidi phdp phdt tridn flianh todn khdng dung tidn mat; Quydt dinh sd 34/QD-NHNN, ngdy 07/01/2019 cda Ngan hang Nhd nrfde ve ban hanh Chrfdng trinh hdnh ddng cua ngdnh ngdn hang thifc hidn Chidn lrfdc phdt trien ngdnh ngdn hang Viet Nam de'n nam 2025, dinh hrfdng den nam 2030. Trong do, Ngan hdng Nhd nrfdc nhd'n manh: "Xdy ditfig vd phdt tridn H?
thd'ng thanh todn bu trtt didn td trf ddng eho eae giao dieh thanh todn bdn 1^, giao dich the dd cung iJng dich vu chuydn mach vd bu trtt didn ttt qua cdc phrfdng tidn thanh todn, cdc dich vu thanh todn va cac kdnh thanh todn khde nhau, thrfc hidn thanh todn theo id va theo thdi gian thttc, hoat ddng 24/7, phuc vu eho nhidu ddi tttdng khde nhau".
Ngodi ra, Ngdn hang Nhd nttdc cung ban hdnh nhidu chinh sdch ho tfd cho hoat dpng ngdn hdng bdn Ie, nhtt: ddn gian hda thu tuc vay vdn, phdn bd chi tidu tang trrfdng tin dung cho cac td chdc tin dung;
ddng thdi, hodn thidn khung khd phdp 1^
Udn quan ddn hoat dpng tin dung bdn le trdn cd sd flirfc tidn cda Viet Nam.
Sd lupng khdch iidng cOa dich vu ngdn hdng bdn le ldn, thi trudng nhieu tiem ndng Ddi tttdng khach hang eda dich vu ngdn hdng bdn Id bao gdm cdc cd nhan, hp gia dinh, cdc doanh nghiep nhd vd vtta.
Theo Ban Chi dao Tdng dieu tra ddn sd vd nhd d Trung rfdng (2019), Viet Nam c6 hdn 96 tridu ddn, ddng thd 15 thdgidi, lai dang ttong flidi k5' "cd cau dan sd vdng"
vdi 69,3% ddn sd d dp tudi 15-60. Hdn
40
ntta, mdt sd Irfdng ldn ddn erf chtfa drfdc tidp edn cdc sdn phim dich vu, tidn ieh ngdn hdng, dac bipt Id cde dich vu sdcdn rat mdi md vdi da phin ngrfdi dan, khi ma flidi quen sd dung tidn mat vin dang phd bid'n tfong xa hpi. Bdn canh do, hien nay, sdlrfdng doanh nghi$p nhd vd vtta ehidm t^ trpng chinh tfong khdi doanh nghidp.
Ddy se Id ngudn khdch hdng dly tiem ndng cho hoat ddng ngan hdng bdn Id.
Sift pitdt triin eUa Cdch mpng Cdng nghiip 4.0 "tiip siic" manh me cho hopt dqng ngdn hdng bdn le
Cdng nghd la cdnh tay ndi ddi giup ngdn hang vtfdn rdng, vtfdn xa tdi cdc khu vdc chtfa cd ehi nhdnh, tdi ede khaeh hang mdi, ma khdng phdi bd nhidu ehi phi de xay duhg ehi nhanh vat IJ. Cdch mang Cdng nghipp 4.0 tao thdm nhidu ed hdi cho eae ngdn hang dng dung nhflhg giai phdp kinh doanh sdng tao, dot phd, ra ddi nhidu san pham cdng nghe mdi, tidn ich eao... Bdn canh dd, theo Ban Chi dao Fintech (2018), Viet Nam cd khodng 51 tridu ngrfdi sd dung dien thoai thdng minh vd khoang 50 tridu ngrfdi sd dung internet.
Nhtf vdy, vdi ty le diing didn thoai di ddng, intemet cao, nganh ngan hdng Vidt Nam ed tidm nang rat ldn dd dlig dung cdng nghd phdt tridn mdng bdn le, ddp dhg nhu ciu tidi nghidm cua khdch hang, nhit la ddi trfdng khSch hdng nhay ben vdi edng nghd. Ttt dd, gidp ngdn hdng giam chi phi giao dich, tang hidu qua kinh doanh vd nang cao nang Itfe canh tranh.
Khd khdn, thdch thde
Bdn canh cd hOi, thi khd khan, thdeh thdc dat ra cho cdc NHTM trong phat tridn dich vu bdn Id cung khdng hd nhd.
Trtfdc hdt la cudc dua giffa cde ngdn hdng. Vdi till ti-rfdng ngdn hdng bdn Id d l y tidm nang, cdc ngan hang btfdc vdo cupc dua ehidn ltfdc vd eanh tranh gay gat. Cudc dua gitta cdc ngdn hang dien ra sdi ddng vdi viee md rdng mang Itfdi, nang cap dich vu, da dang hda san phim... Didu nay ddi hdi mdi ngdn hdng phdi bttt phd, luon nS Itfc trong cuoc ch^y dua dd gidnh tfii phin vd phdi ed chidn lrfdc ridng bidt.
Cdc ngdn hdng chay dua canh tfanh thid't kd, trien khai hdng tram san pham, dich vu ngdn hang ban Id. Tuy nhien, flidch thdc hidn hOtf khi stf bao hda vd nhffng sdn pham, dich vu na nd trfdng ddi gidng nhau cung khien cho cdc ngan hang khd khan ti-ong vide nghidn^cdu san pham ddt phd de phdt tiien vd day manh
bdn le. Mdt sd sdn pham nhrf e-banking van cd nhtfdc diem phi giao dich cao, ldi giao dieh xdy ra khd thtfdng xuyen, dich vu cham sdc khach hdng ddnh eho cdc giao dich ngdn hang trtfc tuydn van chtfa thtfc stf thda man khdch hdng. Stf canh ttanh didn ra ngdy cang gay gat khdng chi gitta cdc ngan hang vdi nhau, md cdn ddn ttt cdc td chdc phi ngdn hdng, nhtf: cac cdng ty ldm dieh vu trung gian thanh todn, cho vay, cdng ty vidn thdng, cdng ty cdng nghe chuydn cung c^p dich vu tai ehinh (gpi ehung Id Fintech). Theo McKinsey (2018), den ndm 2025, Fintech cd thd dnh hrfdng ddn xu htfdng gidm ttt 10%-40% ldi nhudn cda khu vttc ngdn hang.
Nhtt v | y , thi phin cda cdc ngan hang cd nguy cd gidm bdt cho eae edng ty Fintech. Ddy Id cung la mpt thdch thttc ldn cho ngdnh ngan hang.
Hdn ntta, mttc dp phu sdng mang Irfdi khach hang eda eae ngdn hdng cdn mang tinh tap trung cao. Hien nay, mang Irfdi chi nhanh, khdch hdng vin chd yd'u tdp trung d cdc thanh phd, khu vtfe dd thi. Mrfc dp bao phu cua cdc ngdn hdng d khu vrfe ndng thdn eon khidm tdn vd dd'i vdi vung sdu, vttng xa lai cdng han chd
v d n dd thidu hut ngudn nhan Itfc cd chit Ittdng (nhat la cd trinh dp vd cdng nghd thdng tin) eho xay drfng vd phdt ttidn ngan hang so cung Id thdch thttc ldn. Didu ndy din dd'n vide dng dung thdnh tttu cdng nghe 4.0 va qud ttinh tridn khai ngdn hang sd' cdn khd khan. Trong quan IJ didu hdnh, khi cac ngdn hdng chuydn ddi cdc md hinh kinh doanh, qudn tri, didu hanh, cung dng dich vu ngdn hdng theo md hinh kinh doanh mdi, ddi hdi phai thay ddi nhieu ttt trf duy ddn hdnh ddng, ttong khi rao can ve he thdng ngdn hang ldi truyen thd'ng eung nhtt ndng life hidu bidt vd sd hda, cdng nghd edn han chd, thid'u ngudn Irfe tai ehinh ddnh cho chuyen ddi so...
Ngodi ra, cdc ngdn hdng edn ddi mat vdi nguy cd vd bdo mdt, an ninh he thdng. Khi cdng nghd phdt trien, thi vd'n dd rdi ro cdng nghd thdng tin cung cd xu hrfdng tang, d|c bidt an ninh mang, thanh todn, dtt Hdu, vd'n dd bdo radt. Trong nam 2019, cd khoang 1.400 vu tin edng an ninh mang, tang 100% so vdi nam 2018 (Van Linh, 2019). ATM bi tdi pham tan eong theo hinh flittc skimming - ddy Id hdnh vi tdi pham the lip dat cic thidt bi danh cap dff lieu eua ehd thd phia bdn ngoai ATM tai cdc khu vrfe dau dpc the vd xung quanh khu vttc ban phim ATM. Loai hinh tdi pham ndy gay thiet hai ldn nhit trong cdc loai hinh gian lan tai ATM hidn nay.
Ngodi ra, eon cd cdc chieu thttc khde, nhtt: tdi pham lidn he nan nhdn bang sd ed dinh, khai thdc cac thdng tin ea nhan; ydu elu nan nhdn truy cap drfdng link... dd ddnh cap thdng tin tai khodn intemet banking.
MOT S6 KHUYEN NGH!
Nhdm phdt trien dich vu ngan hang ban le tai cdc NHTM Vidt Nam, tdc gid dd xuit mdt sd khuydn nghi nhtt sau:
Thii nhdt, da dang hda sdn phim, djch vu bdn Id Id htfdng di quan trpng cda cde ngdn hdng trong vi^c tim kid'm vd ddp ttng nhu cau eda ttthg khdch hang. Ngodi
41
i CCfCl - TRAO DOI
hai hoat ddng edt loi Id tien gdi vd tin dung, cdc NHTM cQng cin nghidn cdu vd dtta ra nhidu ehttdng trtnh, chinh sdch khuydn mai cdc san phim thd, chuydn tien, ngan hang di$n td, thanh toan hda ddn, bdo hiem... dd thu hut khdch hang.
Ben eanh do, cae ngan hdng can nghidn edu thdm cde sdn pham cd tinh dot phd, tao dau In thi trtfdng, dap dng cac nhu cau tai chlnh ridng bidt, khai thdc khdch hdng d nhieu phdn khuc thi trrfdng khde nhau. Ngodi ra, dly manh hdp tac Hnh vtfc cdng nghd tdi chinh giffa ngan hang vd cdng ty Fintech nhim cung dtig dich vu ngdn hdng - tdi chinh tidn ich, hdp nhu eau, gid cd hdp IJ, hrfdng tdi ddi tttdng chtfa tidp c | n dich vu ngan hang tmyen thd'ng, gdp phin tang dp bao phd cung rfng dich vu ngan hang den ngtfdi dan, doanh nghidp.
Thd hai, xdy drfng phdt tridn mang Itfdi khdch hang.
Dtfa vdo cdc mdi quan hd khdch hdng hidn cd de md rdng mang Irfdi Id cdch ldm ed hieu qua. Khdeh hang hien tai hai long vdi dieh vu ngan hdng, se gidi thidu thdm nhieu khach hdng khde. Ngodi ra, vide quang bd thtfdng hidu, chd ddng khai thdc tim kidm khdeh hang tiem nang cflng rat quan ttpng. Cae ngan hang ndn cd chrfdng trinh tfu dai ddnh cho khdch hdng thdn thidt.
Ddng thdi, thdc dly bdn chdo sdn phim, khai thac them nhu cau eda khach hang va gidi thieu them cac dich vu khde, md khdch hang ehtfa sd dung. Bdn canh do, ngSn hang ein md rdng mang Itfdi giao dieh, xdc dinh phuc vu td'i da khaeh hang mue tieu, cung nhtf gia tdng dd phd sdng thrfdng hidu khdng chi tai cac thdnh phd, dd thi, ma cdn tai cdc vdng ndng thdn, vttng sdu, vung xa dd ddp ihig tdt hdn nhu eau thi trrfdng, song vin phai dam bdo bdi todn qudn IJ chi phi vd ldi nhuan.
Thii ba, nang eao nang Itfc ddi ngu cdn bd, nhdn vidn. Ngudn nhdn Irfe Id ydu tdthen ehd't, gdp phin vdo srf phdt tridn bdn vflhg cda ngdn hang. Ben eanh vide tim kidm xay drfng quan IJ cd'p cao, cde ngan hang cin chu tfong dd'n khau tuyen dung va ddo tao nbdn vidn chuydn nghidp, chit ltfdng cao dap rfng ydu ciu cua thi trrfdng, nhrf: nhdn srf am hidu cdng nghd, cd
trinh dd ngoai ngff tdt, am hieu thi trtfdng tdi chinh qudc td', phdp luat qud'c te...
Thtfdng xuydn td ehdc cdc ldp tap huin, ndng cao nang life cho nhan vidn.
Thiitu, diy manh iftig dung cdng nghd ngan hdng, xay dtfng ngdn hdng sd. Cdc ngdn hang cin tang crfdng ddi mdi va ihig dung cong nghd hidn dai, toi rftf hda md hinh kinh doaidi drfa tten nen tang cdng nghd 4.0. Dd tang ctfdng ngudn tdi Itfc cho dng dung cdng nghd, xdy dtfhg ngan hang sd, cdc ngSn hdng cd thd tim kiem cde ddi tdc chidn ltfdc ttong vd ngodi ntfdc, dae biet la cdc ddi tde nrfdc ngodi, dd vrfa thu hdt dlu trf va tan dung edng nghd hien dai, vtta tidp thu dttdc nang life qudn tri, didu hdnh.
Thii ndm, dam bao an ninh he thdng.
Trong bdi canh edng nghe sd ngdy cdng phat trien kdo theo n h ^ g Id hdng bdo mat gia tang, ngdn hdng cin xay ditfig hp thd'ng bdo mdt chat che. Dd han chd viec skimming thd, cdc ngdn hdng cin nhanh ehdng chuyen ddi the ttt sang the chip flieo quy dinh tai Thong M sd 41/2018/
TT-NHNN, ngdy 28/12/2018 cua Ngan hdng Nhd nttdc sd'a ddi, bd sung mdt sd didu cda Thdng trf sd 19/201 d/TT- NHNN, ngdy 30/6/2016 cda Thdng ddc Ngdn hdng Nhd nrfde Viet Nam quy dinh vd hoat ddng thd ngdn hdng. Bdn canh dd, dly manh khuydn cdo khdch hdng eanh gide vdi hanh vi tdi pham cdng nghd ngdn hang, ndn nang cap vd bdo vd thidt bi bdng cdch cdi ddt phin mem didt virus, thidt ldp ttfdng li^a, tai phin mdm dng dung ttt nhffng ngudn rd rdng, thrfdng xuyen cap nhgt thdng tin cho ngdn hdng khi thay ddi cac thdng tin cd nhan.-Q
TAI rJKfT THAM KHAO
1. Ngan hang Nhd nrfdc (2019). Quyet dinh sd 34/QD-NHNN. ngdy 07/01/2019 vi ban hdnh chuang trinh hanh ddng cOa nganh ngdn hdng thUc hiin Chien lupc phdt triin ngdnh ngdn hdng Viit Nam di'n ndm 2025, dinh hUdng de'n nam 2030
2. Ban Chi d?o Fintech - Ngdn hdng Nha nrfdc (2018). Bdo edo hodn thiin hi sinh thdi Fintech Viet Nam
3. Ban Chi dao Tdng dieu tta ddn sd vd nha d Trung tfdng (2019). Bdo cdo so bd Tdng diiu tra Ddn sdvd nhd d 2019, Nxb Thdng kd
4. Doan Thtty Anh (2016). Nghien cihi rdidn tdtdc dpng den ndng luc canh tranh ve dich vu ngdn hdng bdn le tgi cdc NHTM trin dia ban Hd Ndi, Ludn an tie'n sy kinh td, Trrfdng Dai hpe Kinh td Qu6c dan
5. Hipp hpi The ngan hang Vidt Nam (2019). Bdo cdo thudng niin 2018
6. Vietcombank, Vietinbank, BIDV, Agribank, Techcombank, Eximbank, TPBank, VIB, VPBank, Sacombank (2017-2020). Bdo cdo tdi ehinh cdc ndm 2016 den 2019
7. Van Linh (2019). Lan sdng so hda ngdn hang trUdc thdch thdc bdo mdt, truy cdp ttt hiqw://
tfnnhanhchungkhoan.vn/ngan-hang/lan-song-so-hoa-ngan-hang-ttuoc-fliach-thuc-bao-mat-307672.html 8. McKinsey (2018). Retail banking in /isia-Actionalble insights for new opportunities
