NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI
MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VA PHAP LUAT VE BAO VE QUYEN CON NGUOI, QUYEN CONG DAN TRONG HOAT DONG TO TUNG CUA VIEN KIEM SAT NHAN DAN
Lfe NGQC DUY*
T6m tat: Bao v^ quyin con ngudi, quyin c6ng dSn \k trdch nhi^m cua cSc CO quan nha nude, trong do co Vien kiem sat nhan dan. De cung c6, hh sung h^ thing 1;^ lu^n vl bao v^ quyin con nguM, quyin cdng dan, g6p phan xay dyng va hoan thien nhit nude phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia Vift Nam, can thiet kl, xay dyng cor sd ly luan va phap luat ve bao v€ quyin con ngudi, quyin c6ng dSn trong ho^t ddng tl tung cua Vi^n kiSm sSt nhSn dan la nhi^m vu cap bach. Bai viet tap trung phan tich, lu^n giai van de bSo vS quyin con ngudi, quyin cdng dSn trong hoat dpng to tung cua Vi^n kilm sat nhan dSn d Vi^t Nam hien nay tir khia canh ly lu|in v^ phap lu^t.
Tic khoa: Bdo ve quyen con nguai, quyen cong ddn; vi tri, vai tro cua Vien kiim sdt nhdn ddn trong bdo ve quyen con nguai, quyen cong ddn.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 07/4/2018; Ngdy phdn bien ddnh gid vd sua chira: 20/4/2018; Ngdy duyet bdi: 04/5/2018.
Hien phap nam 2013 da khang dinh nguyen tac: "Nha nude edng nhan, tdn trpng, bao ve va bao dam cac quyin eon ngudi, quyen edng dan ve chinh tri, dan sy, kinh tl, van hda, xa hpi" (khoan 1 Diiu 14).
Nhu vay, bao ve quyin con ngudi (QCN), quyen edng dan (QCD) vl chinh tri, dan su, kinh tl, van hda, xa hpi la trach nhi^m eua nha nude ndi chung va eua hing he thdng eac CO quan nha nude ndi rieng. Trong do, Vien kilm sat nhan dan (VKSND) la eo
quan thuc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat hogt ddng tu phap, ed nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD (khoan 3 Diiu 107 Hiln phap nam 2013). Tir phuang dien Iy luan va phap luat can phai dupe lam rd ve vi tri, vai trd eiia VKSND frong bao ve QCN, QCD; mdi quan he giiia ehiie nang vdi nhiem vu eiia VKSND trong bao ve QCN, QCD; npi dung
*Thac sT, Truang Dai hgc Kiem sit Ha Ndi.
Tap chi
ZZ I KIEM SAT_ /SoigdhangKWOIS)
NGHIEN CW - TRAO DOI
nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD ciia VKSND.
1. Vi tri, vai tro cua Vi^n kiem sat theo Hiln phap nam 2013 trong bao ve quyen con ngvdi, quyen cong dan
Theo Hien phap nam 2013, chiic nang ciia VKSND tiep tyc duoc khang dinh bao gdm chiic nang thyc hanh quyen edng td va kiem sat tuan theo phap luat trong hoat ddng tu phap .
Hien phap nam 2013 tiep tuc dat chi dinh VKSND trong ciing Chuong VIII vdi ehe dinh Tda an nhan dan. Vi tri, vai trd, nhiem vy, quySn han cua VKSND trong bd may nha nude tiep tuc dupe khang dinh nham bao dam cho phap ehe dupe thyc hien nghiem chinh va thdng nhat, bat luan d dia phuang nao, dieu kien kinh te, van boa, xa hpi d cac dia phuang ed nhiing dae diem khae nhau. Tuy nhien, vdi Hiln phap nam 2013, vi tri, vai trd va nhiem vu eua VKSND nude ta khdng ehi dam bao cho phap luat dupe chap hanh nghiem ehinh va thdng nhat ma edn qua dd gdp phan bao ve QCN, QCD trong hogt ddng td tung. Cu the ban, VKSND khdng ehi ddng vai trd eiia mdt ben (ben cdng td, bupc tdi) nhu phap luat mdt sd nude, ma cdn dupe giao trach nhiem bao dam khdng bd Ipt tdi phgm va ngudi phgm tpi, khdng iam oan ngudi vd tdi; khdng de ngudi nao bi khdi td, bi bat, tgm giu, tgm giam, ban che cac QCD, bi xam phgm tinh mang, sire khde, tai san, ty do, danh du, nhan pham mdt each trai phap luat.
Xuat phat tu chirc nang va nhiem vy khi VKSND khdng chi cd chiic nang thyc hanh quyen edng td ma cdn la co quan
1 Dieu 107 Hienphipnam2013
kiem sat boat ddng cua cac ea quan tu phap, VKSND cdn la ca quan duy nhat cd vi tri va vai trd quan trpng dupe the hien xuyen sudt trong toan bd cac giai dogn td tung tii khdi td, dieu tra, truy td, xet xir va thi hanh an; khdng chi trong ITnh vyc hinh sy ma ca trong dan su, kinh doanh, thuang mgi va eae viee khae theo quy dinh eua phap luat. Tu ly luan va thyc tien ve td chiic nha nude d nude ta hien nay cho thay, van chua cd mdt co quan nao cd the lam tdt hon VKSND trong viee dam bao cac QCN, QCD trong toan bd cac giai doan td tyng, dam bao khdng bi xam pham.
Trong giai doan khdi td, dieu tra - tien xet xir hinh sy, viec khdi td, bat, giii, giam, tha trong giai doan nay cd diing ngudi, diing tdi va diing phap luat hay khdng phu thude phan Idn vao cac quyet dinh hay phe ehuan eua VKSND eae cap. Them vao dd, eae quyen tu do ve than the, sy bao ve hien dinh ve tinh mang, siic khde, danh dy, nhan pham eua ngudi hi bupc tdi (cy the la ngudi bi tgm giii, tgm giam, bi can) ciing phu thude rat Idn vao cdng tac thyc hanh quyen edng td, kiem sat bat giii, kiem sat dieu tra ciia VKSND trong giai doan td tung quan trpng nay.
Trong giai dogn xet xir, viec Tda an cd ra ban an dung phap luat hay khdng eung phu thupc khdng nhd vao edng tac thyc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat xet xir ciia Vien kiem sat (VKS) trudc, trong va sau phien tda hinh sy. Viee tien hanh tranh tung cdng khai, dan chu cua VKS theo tinh than cai each tu phap la can cii chu yeu de Tda an ra dupe ban an khach quan, toan dien, day du va diing phap
So19{thang10;/2018)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 2 3
NGHIEN C W - TRAO DOI
luat. Viec ghi nhan nguyen tac tranh tung tai D i i u 103 Hien phap lin nay la mdt bude ngoat tgo co sd cho nhiing thay ddi cua ehinh sach phap luat td tung hinh su Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi. Tuy nhien, npi ham cua nguyen tac tranh tung nay ciing c i n dupe lam ro trong cac van ban phap luat khac, gdp phan dam bao xay dyng mdt nen tu phap ciia nude ta thyc sy dan ehii, tung bude hien dai, ciing nhu dap ling cac yeu cau ciia hdi nhap qudc te trong ITnh vuc tu phap.
Trong edng tac kiem sat xet xir dan sy, hanh chinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai, lao dpng va cac vi?c khac theo quy dinh eua phap luat, viec thyc hiSn cac quyen yeu ciu, k i l n nghi, khang nghi, da, dang va se giiip eho Tda an nhan dan eae cap xet xu kip thdi va dung phap luat cac vy viec dan sy, vy an hanh chinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai, lao ddng thude tham quyen, khae phye dupe eae vi phgm trong td tyng dan su, td tung hanh chinh, qua do bao ve dupe cac quyen lpi hpp phap cua duong sy, dac biet la ngudi khdi kien. Ngoai ra, ddi vdi eac vy an xam phgm boat ddng tu phap do nhiing ngudi la can bd cae co quan tu phap thyc hien quy dinh tai BLHS nhu cae hanh vi dung biic eung, nhye hinh, hay ra ban an trai phap luat, Co quan dieu tra cua VKSND tdi cao ciing dupe giao nhiem vu dieu tra logi an dgc biet nay, tham quyen dieu tra cua Ca quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao da dupe md rpng dieu tra ca cae tdi pham tham nhiing xay ra trong cac eo quan tu phap theo quy dinh mdi cua BLHS nam 2015. Tuy sd lupng an thy ly va xii ly hang nam cdn chua Idn, nhung qua edng tac diiu tra va xu ly nay
ciia VKS da gdp phan vao viee ran de, phdng ngira dac biet cd hi$u qua ddi vdi eac hanh vi xam phgm QCN, QCD trong boat ddng td tung do can bp cac e a quan tu phap thyc hien. Hon ai hit, can bd thude CO quan tu phap phgm cac tdi xam phgm hogt dpng tu phap se gay ra eae hau qua Idn va khd phat hien ban rat nhieu so vdi cac logi tdi phgm va chu the thyc hien tdi pham khac. Tir eac phan tich tren cho thiy, qua cdng tac thyc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu eua minh theo eac quy dinh eua phap luat, VKSND da gdp phan rit Idn vao viec bao ve QCN, QCD trong boat ddng td tyng.
2. M i i q u a n he giCra chuc n a n g vdi nhi^m vu cua Vien ki§m sat n h a n dan trong bao ve quyen con nguM, quyen cdng d a n
2.1. Chuc nang Id ca s&, tien de di bdo ddm nhiim vu hien dinh bdo ve quyen con ngieoi, quyen cong dan cua Vien kiem sdt nhan dan
Thdng qua viec thyc hien chiic nang eua VKSND, cac QCN, QCD dupe bao ve, do ciing la viec thyc hien nhiem vu hien dinh cua VKSND. Chang hgn nhu, khi thyc hien ehiie nang, nhiem vu cua minh, d giai doan xet xii, VKSND khang nghi ban an, quyet dinh eua Tda an trong trudng hpp phat hien oan, sai, bd Ipt tdi phgm, ngudi pham tdi hoac VKSND khang nghi ban an, quyet dinh eua Tda an cd vi pham nghiem trpng ve thu tuc td tung. Qua hoat ddng do, ngudi pham tpi hi xir ly theo diing quy dinh, hgn che viee bd Ipt tdi pham cua Tda an hoac ngudi bi Tda an tuyen cd tdi dupe minh oan, bao dam quyen cua ngudi bi hai va quyen cua
Tap chi
2 4 I KIEM SAT /Sd19(th»ig 10^18}
NGHIEN C W - TRAO DOI
ngudi bi bupc tdi khdng bi xam hgi tu ehinh eo quan tiln hanh td tung. Nhu vay, viec thuc hien chirc nang, nhiem vy eua VKSND la CO sd, tiln d l quan trpng de bao dam nhiem vy hien dinh - nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD cua VKSND. D i i u dd cho thay, chiic nang va nhiem vu bao ve QCN, QCD cua VKSND dupe t h i hien qua boat dpng kiem soat quyen luc ciia VKSND ddi vdi TAND. Thdng qua viec thue hien ehiic nang, nhiem vu, mdt mat VKSND bao ve QCN, QCD, ddng thdi, la boat ddng kiem soat quyen lye ddi vdi e a quan TAND vi trong boat dpng xet xir TAND cd t h i vi pham cae QCN, QCD.
Md rpng pham vi chu the ddi vdi Ca quan dieu tra, co quan thi hanh an hinh sy, dan sy, khi thyc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu cita minh, VKSND edn kiem sat hogt ddng cua nhiing ea quan nay, ciing true tiep hoac gian tiep bao ve QCN, QCD trong hoat ddng tu phap.
2.2. Nhifm vu bao v^ quyen con ngwdi, quyin cong ddn phdn anh viec thifc hiin chuc nang, Id kit qua, Id thu&c do tinh hieu qua thuc hiin chuc nang cua Viin kiem sdt nhdn ddn
Thuc tiln nhiem vu bao ve QCN, QCD cua VKSND se phan anh viec thuc hien chiic nang, nhipm vu ciia VKSND. Tinh hieu qua, viee thue hien tdt hay chua tdt nhidm vu bao ve QCN, QCD cua VKSND se eho biit viec thyc hien ehiie nang, nhiem vu cua VKSND d miic dd nhu the nao. Tren thyc te, ket qua bao ve QCN, QCD la tam g u a n g phan chieu de VKSND soi lai toan bp boat ddng thyc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia minh, nhu da lam h i t trach nhiem hay chua, cd ging.
nd lye khdng hay lam chua het trach nhiem, cdn chu quan, thd a, lam cho xong viee, chua quan tam den quyen loi chinh dang ciia chu the can duoc bao ve trong boat ddng td tung ma VKSND tham gia.
Trong mdi quan he hai chieu, mang tinh bien chiing, hd trp, la tien de, la su tac ddng qua lai lan nhau, nhiem vu bao ve QCN, QCD eua VKSND ed y nghia rit quan trpng, giiip eho VKSND thuc hien tdt chirc nang, nhiem vy ciia minh, se ban che tinh trang chu quan, nguyen nhan chinh dan den oan, sai, bd Ipt tdi pham, vi pham cac QCN, QCD.
2.3. Chuc nang vd nhiem vu bdo vi quyen con ngwdi, quyen cong ddn cua Viin kiim sdt nhdn ddn ciing hu&ng tai mtfc dich khoi ph^c vd giit gin nguyin ven nhiing nhu cdu, /pt' ich, khd nang cua moi cd nhdn, cdng ddn, cUng nhu xir ly nhirng hanh vi vi phgm quyen con nguoi, quyen cong ddn
Ben canh mdi quan he nhu da trinh bay neu tren, chiic nang va nhiem vu hidn dinh ciia VKSND trong bao ve QCN, QCD edn cung hudng den mdt muc dich, muc tieu cy thi. Nhin tir khia canh chiie nang eua VKSND, muc dich cua chue nang thue hanh quyen cdng td vk kiem sat hoat ddng tu phap cua VKSND do la bao dam mpi hanh vi pham tpi, ngudi pham tdi phai dupe phat hien, khdi td, dieu tra, truy td, xet xir kip thdi, nghiem minh, diing ngudi, diing tdi, diing phap luat, khdng lam oan ngudi vd tpi, khdng de Ipt tdi pham va ngudi phgm tpi; khdng de ngudi nao bi khdi td, bi bat, tgm giii, tam giam, bi hgn e h l QCN, QCD trai luat; bao dam boat ddng tu phap dupe thue hien diing quy
So 19(thang 102018) \
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 2 5
NGHIEN C W - TRAO DOI
dinh ciia ph£q> luat; bao dam mpi vi pham phap luat trong hogt ddng tu phap phai dupe phat hien, xir ly kip thdi, nghiem minh; QCN va cac quyen, lpi ich hpp phap khac cua ngudi bi bat, tgm giii, tam giam, ngudi chap hanh an phat tu khdng bi luat ban c h i phai dupe tdn trpng va bao ve.
Mat khac, nhin tir khia canh nhiem vy hiln dinh bao ve QCN, QCD eiia VKSND, muc dich ciia nhiem vu hien dinh nay ehinh la hogt dpng ngan ngira, trung tri, xir Iy cac hanh vi vi pham QCN, QCD. Theo dd, myc dich cua hai yeu td nay chinh la khdi phye va giu gin nguyen ven nhung nhu cau, lpi ich, kha nang eua mdi ca nhan, cdng dan, ciing nhu xu ly nhiing hanh vi vi pham QCN, QCD. De xac dinh dupe tu tudng, y chi cua nha iam luat trong npi dung nay, can dat ra muc dich cy the cua tung hogt dpng, tuy nhien, chung ta nhgn thiy, hai boat dpng nay cd nhieu diem chung, tham chi ciing hudng den myc dich khdi phuc va giii gin nguyen ven nhung nhu cau, lpi ich, kha nang eiia moi ca nhan, cdng dan, ciing nhu xii ly nhung hanh vi vi pham QCN, QCD.
3. Ndi dung nhi^m vu bao v^ q u y i n con ngudi, quyen cong dan trong boat d^ng t6 tung cua Vi^n Idem sat nhSn dSn Hiln pbap nam 2013 ghi nhan VKSND ed nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD. C a sd eiia viee quy dinh nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD cua VKSND duoc bat ngudn tir nhung can eii sau day:
Mot la, ttr cap dp qudc te, nhi^m vy bao ve QCN la nhipm vy cua nha nude, ciing la nghia vy va trach nhiem ciia mdi qudc gia dupe edng ddng qudc t l ghi nhan. Trong phan ldi ndi d i u ciia Tuyen
ngdn toan the gidi ve quyen con ngudi cd ghi nhan: "Dieu cdt yeu la quyen eon ngudi can phai d u a c phap luat bao ve de eon ngudi khdng bupc phai ndi day nhu la mpt bien phap cudi ciing n h i m chdng lai sy dpc tai va ap biic".
Dae biet, trong Cdng udc qudc te ve eac quyin dan sy, ehinh tri (ICCPR), cac qudc gia thanh vien Cdng udc cam ket bao dam ddi vdi bat ky ngudi nao deu nhgn duoc eae bien phap khae phye hieu qua cho du sy xam phgm nay la do hanh vi cua nhung ngudi thira hanh cdng vy gay ra, ciing nhu yeu cau ve cac bien phap khac phuc se dupe dam bao thyc hien bdi c a quan tu phap, hanh phap hoac lap phap cd tham quyen... (khoan 3 Dieu 2 Cdng ude qudc t l ICCPR). Viet Nam gia nhap Cdng udc quoc te ICCPR va Cdng udc qudc te ve eac quyen kinh tg, van hda, xa hdi (ICESCR) vao nam 1982.
N b u vay, theo quy dinh cua Luat nhan quyen qudc te thi cac qudc gia thanh vien cd nghia vy bao ve QCN. Dd ciing la eo sd de Viet N a m cy the hda nhiing quy dinh ve bao ve QCN trong he thdng phap luat qudc gia, ma diing dau la Hien phap.
Hai la, tii cap dp qudc gia, nhiem vy bao ve QCN, QCD la nhi?m vu cua nha nude dupe ghi nhan trong Hien phap nam 2013.
Theo do, Hien phap da quy dinh: "Nha nude cdng nhgn, tdn trpng, bao ve va bao dam quyen con ngudi, quyin cdng dan" ; O nude Cdng hda xa hdi cbii nghTa Viet Nam, cae quyen con ngudi, quyen edng dan v l chinh tri, dan sy, kmh te, van hda.
2. Di^u 3 H i ^ phap nam 2013.
Tap chi
2 6 I KIEMSAT_ /Sol9(thang10/ZO18)
NGHIEN C W - TRAO DOI
xa hpi dupe cdng nhan, tdn trpng, bao ve, bao dam theo Hiln phap va phap luat .
Dudi gdc dp td chiic he thdng co quan nha nude, VKSND la mdt ea quan h i l n dinh, la mdt bd phan, mpt mat xich hop thanh bd may nha nude. Do dd, VKSND cd vai trd thyc hien ehiie nang, nhiem vu do nha nude giao cho. Khi nha nude thyc hien nhiem vu bao ve QCN, QCD thi VKSND ciing phai thyc hien nhiem vu nay. Ben egnh VKSND, H i l n phap true tidp quy dinh nhiem vu bao ve QCN, QCD cua mdt sd co quan khae nhu Chinh phu , Tda an.
Nhan thiie va t u duy bao ve QCN, QCD trong Hien phap nam 2013 da cd bude phat trien quan trpng, khdng chi t h i hien d viee lam ro them npi dung cac quyen da dupe ghi nhan; bd sung mdt sd quyen mdi phu hop vdi eae dieu udc qudc te ma Viet N a m la thanh vien; the hien rd hon trach nhiem ciia nha nude va xa hdi trong viec tdn trpng, bao dam va bao ve cac quyen; ma dac biet, da cd su tach bach giiia QCN vdi QCD va quy dinh QCN, QCD chi ed thd bi ban c h i bdi Luat. Theo quy dinh Hien phap nam 2013, VKSND cd nhiem vu bao ve phap luat, bao ve QCN, QCD. Ciing tgi D i i u 12 - Cac hudng dan ve vai trd cua Cdng td vien ciia Lien hpp qudc khang dinh:
"Cdng td vien phai thyc hien nhiem vu cua minh theo phap luat mdt each cdng bang, n h i t quan va khan truang, tdn trpng va bao ve nhan pham, de eao QCN, qua do gdp phan bao dam day du cac quyin
ciia ngudi tham gia td tung va su boat ddng sudn se cua hd thdng tu phap hinh sy". N h u vay, bao ve QCN, QCD la nhiem vy hien dinh eua VKSND, ddng thdi la trach nhiem cua KSV (Cdng td vien). Hien phap nam 2013 va ey the hda trong Luat td ehiic VKSND nam 2014, VKSND cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec bao ve QCN, QCD, the hien qua eae ndi dung CO ban sau day:
Thie nhat, VKSND cd tham q u y i n xir ly mpi hanh vi phgm tdi xam pham d i n QCN, QCD.
Thdng qua boat ddng thuc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat dieu tra cdc vu an hinh sy, VKS bao dam mpi hdnh vi pham tdi deu phai dupe khdi td, dieu tra va xir ly kip thdi, khdng de Ipt tdi phgm va ngudi pham tpi, khdng lam oan ngudi vd tdi, khdng dd bat Cli ai bi xam pham tinh mgng, siie khde, tai san, tu do, danh du va nhan pham mdt each trai phap luat. Qua dd, VKSND phai bao dam nguyen tac bat cii hanh vi pham tpi nao xam pham den QCN, QCD deu phai dupe phat hien, xir ly trudc phap luat . Nhu vay, trach nhiem cua cac co quan nha nude trong do c6 VKSND phai bao ve cac QCN, QCD ve ty do, siic khde, tinh mang, danh dy, nhan pham... Cy the hda nhiing quy dinh tren, nhiem vu, quyen ban cua VKSND khi thyc hanh quyen cdng td trong giai dogn dieu tra vy an hinh su dupe quy dinh trong Luat td chiic VKSND nam 2014^
Nhu vay, VKSND ed trach nhiem bao ve QCN, QCD thdng qua viec xir ly nhung
3. Khoan 1 Dieu 14 Hien phap nam 2013.
4. Khoan 6 Dieu 96 Hien phap nam 2013. 5. Dieu 20 Hien phap nam 2013.
6. Khoan 1,2,3 Di^u 14 Luat td chiic VKSND nam 2014.
S6'19(thang1(V2018)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT 1 2 7
NGHIEN CW - TRAO DOI
hanh vi pham tdi xam pham den quyen bat kha xam pham vl than die, tinh mang, sue khde, danh dy, nhan pham ciia ca nhan, cong dan.
Thii: hai, VKSND cd quyen quyet dinh va chiu trach nhiem ve viee ap dyng cac bien phap ban chi QCN, QCD.
Qua viec thyc hien chixc nang thyc hanh quyen cdng td va Idem sat dieu tm cac vy an binh sy, VKS bao dam khdng de ngudi nao bi khdi td, bi bat, tgm giam, bi ban ehl QCN, QCD trai phap luat. Vien Idem sat nhan dan ed trach nhiem bao dam eac hoat dpng dieu tra, cac bien phap ngan chan, cac bi?n phap tu phap ap dung ddi vdi ngudi bi bat, bi can, bi cao dupe tuan thii dung quy dinh cua phap luat. Nhiem vu, quy^ ban cua VKSND khi thyc hanh quyen cong to trong giai dogn dieu tra vy an hinh sy dupe quy dinh tai Dieu 14 Luat td chirc VKSND nam 2014'.
Do vay, thdng qua viec xet phe chuan eac bien ph^q) ngan chan, cac bien phap khac ban che QCN, QCD, cac quyet dinh td tung khac cua Co quan dieu tra, co quan dupe giao nhiem vy tien hanh mpt sd boat dpng dieu Ira, VKSND ed thim quyin tryc tiep ve viec ap dyng eac bien phj^ tren.
Ddng thdi, VKSND cung phai chiu trach nhiem ve nhung quyet dinh cua minh khi ap dung cac bien p b ^ do. Dieu nay cd ngMa rang, VKSND viia la eo quan ed quyin quyet dinh ^ dung cac bien phap neu tren, mat khae, viec ap dung diing cae bien phap dd chinh la bao ve tdi da cac QCN, QCD.
Thw ba, VKSND la ca quan duy nhit ed quyen truy td bi can ed hanh vi vi pham
QCN, QCD ra trude Tda an de xet xu.
Theo quy dinh ciia Hien phap nam 2013, VKSND ed chiic nang thyc hanh quyen edng to, kilm sat boat dpng tu phap. Day la ehiie nang hiln dinh cua VKSND trong bd may nha nude, theo dd se duoc cy the trong Luat quy dinh ve nhiem vy, quyen ban ciia VKSND khi thyc hanh quyen cdng td trong giai doan truy td: "Quyet dinh dny td, khdng truy td bi can" . Quyet dinh truy td thupc ndi ham quyen cdng td cua VKSND khi xac dinh mdt ngudi phgm tdi cd bi tmy cuu trach nhiem binh sy hay khdng. Do vay, viec truy ciiu trach nhiem binh sy ddi vdi ngudi pham tdi cd the hieu la viee truy td ngudi pham tdi (truy td bi can) ed y nghia quan trpng ddi vdi chinh ban than hp, khi cac quyen ty do ciia hp se bi ban che bdi cac bien phap ngan chan nhu tam giam, ban nita hau qua ciia viec truy td nay se anh hudng tryc tiep den viec ban che tdi da eae quyen ty do, quyen chinh tri - dan sy...
bing viec hp bi ket an bdi ban an, quyet dinh cua Tda an. Vi vay, vai trd cua VKSND trong viec truy td bi can la hit sire quan trpng, nd cd anh hudng manh me din QCN, QCD, den sinh menh chinh tri ciia mdi ca nhan. Khi VKSND tmy td bi can diing ngudi, dung tdi, dung phap luat se gdp phan bao ve trat ty xa hpi, bao ve Hien phap va phap luat, bao ve QCN, QCD khi hp bi xam pham mpt each trai phap luat. Tuy nhien, cd tnidng hop khdng dii chiing cir bupc tpi thi VKSND ra quyit dinh khdng tmy to bi can, tuc la phai dmh chi dieu tra, dinh chi vu an do khdng chiing minh dupe tpi pham. Day la quy dinh mang tinh kilm
7. Khoan 4,5,6 ffieu 14 Lualtd chiic VKSND nam 2014 !. Khoan 7 Difiu 16 Lu§t to chiic VKSND nam 2014.
Tgp chi
2 8 I KIEM SAT_ / S o 19(thang 10/2018)
NGHIEN CW - TRAO DOI
soat, ehl udc cua VKSND ddi vdi Co quan dieu tra, ma ciing la co ehl bude VKSND tu kiem soat ehinh minh khi thyc hien nhiem vu, quyen hgn, nham bao ve tdi da quyen ciia bi can, bgn ehl viec oan, sai trong td tung hmh sy. Bdi le, tir khi VKSND ra quyet dinh phe chuan quyet dinh khdi td bi can cua Ca quan dieu tta, thi VKSND phai chiu trach nhiem ve hanh vi cua mmh, din giai doan tmy td, VKSND dupe trao quyen tmy td hoac khdng tmy td bi can, thi ciing phai chiu trach nhiem ve hanh vi cua minh.
Nbu vay, viee ehiing mmh ngudi mdt ngudi phgm tdi thude ve co quan tien hanh td tung, day la nguyen tie suy doan vd tdi:
"Ngudi bi bupc tdi dupe coi la khdng cd tdi cho den khi dupe ehiing minh theo trinh ty luat dinh va cd ban an ket tpi cua Tda an da cd hieu lye phap luat" . Quy dinh nay, rang bupc trach nhiem cua co quan tien hanh td tyng trong dd cd VKSND trong viec chimg minh tdi phgm de dua ra quyet dinh tmy td va bupc tdi tmdc Tda an hoac khdng tmy td, dinh chi, tra ty do cho ngudi pham tdi khi khdng chiing minh duoc hp thye hien tdi pham. Ddng thdi, quy dinh nay la ca sd phap ly manh me nham bao ve tdt nhat QCN, QCD trong ITnh vuc tu phap hinh su.
Thic tu, VKSND ed nhiem vu bao vd quyen va lpi ich hpp phdp cua mpi td chirc, ca nhan khi tham gia vao quan he phap luat to tung dan su, td tyng hanh chinh.
Hiln phap va Luat deu quy dinh nhiem vy eiia VKSND: "Bao ve lpi Ich cua nha nude, quyen va lpi ich hpp phap ciia td
9 KhoAn 1 Dieu 31 Hien phap nam 2013.
10 Khoan 3 Di§u 107 Hi6n phap nam 2013 vakhoan 2 Dieu 2 Lu^t tfl chiic VKSND nam 2014.
chiic, ca nhan" .
Tang cudng vai trd cua VKSND trong eac ITnh vyc dan sy, hanh chinh, nham bao ve lpi ich cua nha nude, quyen va lpi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi chua thanh nien, ngudi ed nbupe diem ve the chat, tam than, dap ling yeu cau thyc tien va bao dam sy tuong thich vdi quy dinh cua phap lugt ve vai trd eua ca quan cdng td/kiem sat trong ITnh vuc dan sy d mdt sd nude tren the gidi.
Hogt dpng kiem sat viec tuan theo phap luat cua VKS doi vdi ca quan, td chire, ea nhan trong viec tien hanh hoac tham gia td tyng giai quyet cac vy an hanh chinh, vu viec dan sy dam bao cho hogt dpng td tyng dupe tuan thu cac quy dinh eua phap luat, bao dam quyen bao ve loi ich hpp phap eua duong su.
Nhu vay, xet mdt each tdng th§ trong ca eau td chiic ciia bd may nha nude Cpng hda xa hpi chii ngbia Viet Nam, VKSND la CO quan dpc lap, thuc hien ehiic nang thuc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat boat ddng tu phap, cd nhiem vu hien dinh la bao ve QCN, QCD. Tren ea sd do, cd the nhan thay, VKSND la co quan bao ve phap luat, mdt trong nhung thiet ehe kiem soat quyen lye nha nude trong hogt ddng tu phap. Theo do, thdng qua viee thye bien chiic nang, nhiem vu, quyen hgn cda minh, VKSND cd vai trd quan trpng trong bao ve QCN, QCD hrong hogt ddng tu phap ndi chung va boat ddng td tyng ndi rieng. Viec tiip tuc xay dyng be thdng co sd ly luan va phap luat vl bao ve QCN, QCD trong hogt ddng td tung ciia VKSND la van de then chdt de giai quyet thyc tien ap dung
phap luat.n
So 19(thang 10/2018]^
Tap chi .KIEM SAT I 2 9
