I VAI T R 6 CIJTA B A O CHI T R O N G KIEM S O A T V I E C T H U C H I E N Q U Y E N H A N H P H A P CUA CHINH P H U 6 V I E T NAM
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ai tro ciia bao chi trong kiem sodt viec thuc hien quyen hanh phdp cua Chinh phii.Theo nguyen ly chung ve td chirc quyen Iyc nfad nudc thi quyen lyc Nhd nudc dugc pfadn cfaia tfadnfa ba nhdnh quyen la lap phdp, fadnfa phdp vd tu phdp. Trong do, quyen fadnfa pfaap dugc hieu la "quyen ciia nhd nudc, trong dd cac CO quan nhd nudc cd thdm quyen chu ddng tfai hanh cdc chii truang, chinh sdch da dugc thdng qua hogc phap lual da dugc ban hanh"-.
Theo quy dinh cua Hien phap 2013 thi quyen hanh phdp trong Nha nudc ta dugc thyc hien thdng qua he thdng co quan hanh chinh nha nudc ma diing ddu la Chinh phii. Chiic nang hdnh phdp ciia Chinfa phii dugc the hien d ba mdt hogt dgng la: de xuat chinh sach va dy thdo luat de Qudc hgi thdng qua; bao dam chinh sdch va phdp ludt dugc thi hanh tren thyc te va thiet lap trat ty cdng Uong cac linfa vyc can sy can tfaiep ciia Nha nudc \ i Igri ich cdng \'a duy tri trat ty cdng dd (chinh Id hoat ddng lap quy ciia Chinh pfaii).
Cdt ldi ciia bdt k\ nen dan chii ndo Id sy tham gia cd y nghia vd tich cyc ciia ngudi dan vao cac quyet dinh cua Nhd nudc. Do dd, cdng khai. minh bgch hoat dgng thyc thi quyen lyc nha nudc vd bdo dam tu do thdng tin, ty do bao chi Id nhiing dieu kign quan trpng de nhdn ddn thyc faien quyen lam chii ciia minh. Q nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi, bdo chi dugc phep hogt
ThS. Nguyin Thj Hodi Phuang' dpng tu do \ a khdng phai cluu sy hgn cfae nao tir phia nha nudc^. Theo dd, cfainh quyln khdng cd quyen kiem tra, gidm sat faay nit ggn nfaiing ngi dung ma bao cfai dua tin, cung nfau gidm sdt faogt dgng ciia cac nhd bdo. O Hoa Ky, Chinfa pfau kfadng cap phej) cho cdc nhd bao hay kiem soat ngudn cung cap gidy va myc in''.
Vdi tu each la nhanh quyen lyc thii tu, cac phuong tign truyen thdng dai chiing ddng mpt vai trd quan trgng trong qud trinh kiem soat viec thyc hign quyen lyc Nhd nudc: khdng chi thdng bdo cho cdng chiing biet cdc nfad Idnfa dao cua minh dang Iam gi; ma quan trgng hon cdn tham gia giam sdt. phdn bign hogt dgng ciia Chinh phu^
CJ cdc nudc ddn chu tu sdn, cac phuang tign truyen thdng. bdo chi vd ciing da dgng, phong phli ve chiing loai, hinh thiic sd hiiu va hogt dgng ty do nen cd the di sdu khdm phd, phai bay mgi ngdc ngdcfa ddi sdng xa hgi. Cfainh nhd vdy bdo chi da tdng cudng nhdn thirc ciia ngudi ddn ve cdc van de chinh tri, xa hpi, tao cdng ludn phan img trudc cdc vdn de biic xiic trong qud trinh tfaye thi chinfa sach ciia Chinfa phii, do dd, bupc cac Chinh phii phdi nghiem tiic thyc thi phdp ludt vd ban hdnh cdc quy djnh, chinh sdch phii hgp vdi long dan. Bdo chi la cdng cu, phuong tign hiiu higu ciia nhan dan de kiem soat quyen lyc nhd nudc ndi chung va quyen hanh phdp ciia Chinfa phii ndi rieng.
' Khoa Lu^l Hanh chinh, D^i hpc Luat Hue
• Xein:Ts, To V3n H6a{20l4), "Moi quan he giua cdc ca quan thirc hi fn quyen hdnh phdp vd quyen luphdp Iheo tinh thdn Hien phdp mtdc Cpng hoa xd hpi chu nghTa Vi?t Nam ndm 201 i ", Tap chi Luat hpc, so D^c san thing 9 nam 2014. tr.34
^ Xem: Dieu iu^l Bo sung so m^i. Dy iu?t ve cac quyin. Hiin ph4p Hoa K> nam 1791 quy djnh: 'Qudc hpisSkhong itua ra lugt ndo hgn che t{r do ngon lugn hay nr do bdo chi... "
•* Xem Nicolas Johnson (2001). "-Vac djnh Idnh dfa cua quy^n lire ihir tu", BSo chi v4 Dpo dire, http://
vielnammese \ietnani.usembassy.gov truy cap ng^y 19/2/2016.
' Xem: Nicolas Johnson (2001), "Xdc dinh Idnh dia ciia qmin lire thir tir". Bio chi v4 Dpo due, http://
vietnammese.vietnam.usembassy.gov truy cap ngiy 19'2/2016.
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(3 nudc ta, bao cfai dugc xdc dinh la tieng ndi ciia Ddng, cua Nfaa nudc, cua cdc td chiic dodn tfal, ddng thdi Id dien dan xa hgi. diln dan cua nhan dan. Trong van kign Nghi quyet Trung uong 6 Idn faai kfada VIII. Dang Cgng san Viet Nam da chinh thiic cdng nfadn bao chi vd truyen thdng dai chiing la mpt tiong bdn he thdng giam sdt xd hgi: "Ve thyc chat, do Id sy xae dinfa va de cao hon quyen ddn chu ciia nhdn ddn. ddng tfadi trao cho nhdn dan cdng cu sac nhay (bao chi) trong viec thyc hien quyen giam sdt xa hgi ciia minfa"*. Ddng thdi, Hien phap 2013 da ghi nfadn quyen ty do bao chi cua cdng ddn tai Dieu 25'. Lugt Bdo chi hien hanh"
da cd nhung quy dinfa tfae hien ro quyen ty do ngdn ludn. ty do bdo chi ciia cdng ddn: "Nhd nudc tao dieu kien thugn lgi de cdng dan thyc hien quyen ty do bao chi, quyen ty do ngdn ludn tren bao chi vd de bao cfai phat huy diing vai trd cua minh. Bdo chi, nhd bao hogt dpng trong khudn khd phdp ludt vd dugc Nha nudc bdo hp; khdng ai dugc Iam dung...(khodn 2 Dilu 13 Lugt Bdo chi ndm 2016). Bdo chi khdng bi kiem duyet trudc khi in. truyin dan va phat sdng. Luat Bdo chi nam 2016 da danh hSn mpt chuong quy dinh quyln lu do bdo chi, quyen ty do ngdn ludn theo tinh thdn Hiln phap2013. (chuong II)
O nudc ta hign cd 845 co quan bao chi in vdi 1.118 dn pham, mpt hang thdng tin qudc gia, 67 dai phdt tiianh - tmyln hinh, sd lugng cac kenh chuang trinh phat thanfa - truyin trinh quang ba Id 179 kenh, sd lugng don vi cung cdp truyen hinh cap Id 33 dcm vi. 98 co quan bdo chi dien tir vd 1.525 trang thdng tin dien tir tdng hgp; 420 mgng xd hdi dugc phep hoat dpng vdi lugng truy cap rdt cao, dnfa hudng ngay cang Idn ve thdng tin''.
Trudc sy phdt uiln ciia khoa hgc cdng ngi vd viec bao ddm ty do bdo chi d Viet Nam, ci phuong tign truyen thdng, bdo chi da thyc i trd thanfa cdng cy hiiu hieu ciia nhdn dan tror viec kiem sodt viec thyc hien quyen hdnh pha cua Chinh phii, xet tren cac phuong dien sau Thir nhdt. Bdo chi co vai trd quan trqn^
Irong cung cdp thong tin. Id lire lugng lie, phong trong cugc chiin chong tham nhung ii tiiu cue. Thdng qua cdc phuong tign tiidng tii dai chiing (bao viet, bdo mang. mgng .xi hgi...), bdo chi tiidng tin den nhan ddn vl hoa dpng ciia Chinh phii ciing nhu cac cdng chuK cdng tdc trong Ilnh vyc hanh phdp. Cdc thorn tin ma bdo chi cung cap Id kenh tham khao phj bien, quan trpng cua ngudi dan tiong viec AwA gia hieu qud faoat dpng cua cac co quan v3 cdng chiic hanfa phap
Trong qua trinh thuc hien chiic ndng truyfin tai thdng tin cua minh. bdo chi da trd thdnh lyc lugng tien phong trong cugc chien chong tham nhung vd Idng phi. Trong nhirng ndm qua, bao chi dd gdp phdn quan trgng trong vigc to giac^
dua nhieu vy tieu cyc. tham nhung ra anh s ^ diln hinh id: vy Mai Van Dau; vy PMU 18; vy D I dn 112 - Chinh phii dien tir; vu Ld Thi Kim Oanh; vu chia chdc dat dai d Dd Son; nhihig tieu cue ciia canfa sdt giao tfadng tren Quic 1?
1A tren dia phan Ddng Nai nhOmg ndm 2003- 2004; vy an tfaam nhung tai Vinashii' Vinalines.. .Theo do, hdng logt quan chirc th(iin chi cd ngudi ndm giir chiic vu cao dd bi to giac.
Dieu do cho thdy bao chi cd vai trd quan trgng trong viec thiic ddy dieu tra ciia chinh quy^
ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi tham nhung, Vi vgy c6 th^ | ndi rdng, td gide cac quan chirc ndng thara nhung la tdc dpng hieu qud nhdt ma truydn thong cd the ldm de ngan ch^n hdnh vi sai trai,
* Xem: Nguyen Van Dung, \'dug cao ndng Igvgidm sdtxd hoi cua hdo chi. Tap chi Bao chi va Tuyen tniyin s6 "> ir ""ft ' Xem: Dieu 25 Hiin phap 2013 quy djnh: "Cong dan c6 qu\ in iir do ngon lupn. ty do bao chi, tiip can thoig tin "
' Luat Bao chi nam 2016 (CO hi^u i^rc tiJ-ngay 1 /1/2017)
' Xem: Ts.Tnrong Minh Tudn (2015), Tu do bdo chi khong phdi Id v6 hgn. hnp' vioinf»nnt..i vn/^,„,,,i,,^^.
tri/242115/iu-do-bao-chi-khong-Dhai-la-vo-han.html truy epp ngiy 19/2/2016
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Cling tir qud trinh giam sdt ndy, truyen thdng dgi chung da cdnh bao vdi nha nudc ve nhimg sd hd, yeu kem, nhung khodng trdng trong qudn ly nhd nudc. dong thdi kfadng dinfa tinh cap thiet ciia viec phdng chdng tham nhung nhdm cung cd ruem tin cua nfadn ddn vdo Nha nudc, vdo che dd'".
Thir hai, bdo chi da gdp phdn tdng cu&ng y thuc gidm sdt cdc ca quan nhd nu&c cua ngtr&i ddn. Thdng qua viec cung cap thdng tin ve hogt dpng qudn ly nha nudc, bao chi da ddng vai tid quan ttgng trong viec tdng cudng nhan ihiic ctia ngudi dan trong linh vyc chinh tri xa hgi. Tir viec theo ddi thdng tin ma bdo chi cung cap, ngudi ddn nam bat dugc hogt dgng ciia cdc co quan fadnfa phdp d trung uong vd dia phuong ciing nfau nfaiing chinfa sacfa md Chinh phli dk xudt. Tren co sd dd nhdn ddn se ddnh gid cdc hogt dgng dd cd phu hgp vdi y chi, nguyen vgng cua minh. vdi thyc lien ciia dat nudc va dia phuong khong vd se bdy td sy biic xiic ddi vdi nhimg quyet dinh khdng ddng tinh. Nhd siic manh vd sy lan tda ciia bdo chi, su biic xuc ciia ngudi ddn ttd thdnh du lugn xd hpi. Du ludn xa hgi ttong nhimg ndm qua dd Ud thdnh mgt dgng lyc thiic ddy cdc hogt dgng CLia Chinfa pfaii, huge Cfainfa phu vd cdc tfadnfa vien cua Chinh phii pfadi nang cao ban nua ttach nhigm cua minh trudc nhdn ddn. Dilu nay the hien rd qua viec dich tfadn cdc Bp Irudng. Tfaii trudng gidi trinfa, lam ro cdc cau fadi, vdn de dgi bieu Qudc hdi va cu tri ca nudc quan tdm Uong cdc phien chat van ciia Qudc hgi; vigc Thu tudng Chinh phii tra Idi tryc tuyen cdc cau hdi cua ngudi ddn: viec cdc quan chiic cdp cao ciia Chinh phii, ngudi dung ddu Uy ban nhdn ddn cdc cdp cdng khai sd dien thogi, hdm thu dign tiir de ngudi dan phdn dnh kfai pfadt faien cdc vy viec tieu cue...
Thic ha, bdo chi da tgo dirge diin ddn de nhdn ddn cimg tham gia kiem sodl. phdn biin
viic thtrc hien quyin hdnh phdp eua Chinh phu. 6 Viet Nam, vdi viec bdo ddm ty do bao chi. truyen thdng dai chiing da tich cue chuyen tdi cdc y kien, nhgn xet, danfa gid ciia ngudi dan ve qud trinh qudn ly nfad nudc, qua trinh thyc thi quyen hdnh phdp ciia Chinh phu. Hinh thirc phan dnh tieng ndi ciia nhdn ddn dugc the hien da dang khdng cfai trong bdi viet cua cdc nha bdo ma cdn xuat hien dgc lap tten cac chuyen myc, cdc dien ddn bdo chi (chuyen myc dan hdi Bd trudng trd ldi). Truyen thdng dai chiing cdn thyc hien chiic nang phdn bien xa hdi khi la noi de nfaan ddn pfadn dnh, phe binh nhCrng yeu kem, tieu cyc, vi phgm phdp luat cua co quan thyc thi quyen fadnfa pfadp va cua can bg nhd nudc cdng tdc ttong linh vyc hdnh phdp de thiic ddy cdc co quan chiic nang bdo ve Igi ich chinh ddng cho ngudi dan.
Tuy cd nfaieu uu the nhung hien nay cac phuang tign truyen thdng bdo chi cung gap phai nhieu khd khdn ttong viec kiem sodt viec thuc hien quyen hdnh phdp ciia Chinh phii. The hien trudc faet Id, dii hign lgi he thdng cdc td cfaiic tfadng tin dgi cfaiing d nudc ta rat da dgng
\ a fating fadu nhung sy tham gia ciia bdo chi vao qua trinh gidm sat quyen luc nhd nudc ndi chung vd Chinh phii ndi rieng con thieu tinh triet de. chua phat huy het khd ndng cua minh.
Phan Idn cdc co quan bdo chi, ttuyen thdng tap ttung chii trpng hoat ddng tuyen truyen dudng ldi. chinfa sach ciia Ddng va Nhd nudc, cdn hoat dgng vdi tu cdch Id ca quan dgi dien ciia ddn. gidm sdt co quan, quan chirc trong linfa vyc hdnh phdp chua dugc coi trpng diing muc.
Dieu nay dugc gidi thich Id do hinh thiic gidm sat ndy lai phu thudc rai Idn vdo cac dieu kien nhu lu do ngdn ludn. ty do bdo chi, sy kilm duyet, chi phdi cua he thdng chinh tri, ciia cdc CO quan chuc nang ddi vdi cac phuang tien truyen thdng dgi chiing". Mpt khd khan thudng thay ttong hogt dpng gidm sdt dd Id do
'" Xem: TS. Luu Van Quang (2008). Xdy dung ca che kiem sodl quyen luc nhd nudc a Vi^i \am hi^n nay, Di iai nghien cuu khoa hpc cdp Bg ma s6 B08-I3^tr.j43.
" Xem.TrjnhThi ^-ny^n, Xdy dim^ca che kiim sodi quv^n lire Nhd nuac a Viet \um. Luan an tiin sj Chinh trj hgc, Hpc vi4n Chinh trj quoc gia Ho Chi Minh. 2006. tr 95
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lo sg philn ha, dgng chgm, sg trdch nhiem nen thilu sy hgp tac tii cdc co quan, td chiic. cd nhdn vdi truyin thdng dai chiing. Mat khac, cdc nhd bao vd cac phuong tign truyen tfadng dai chiing cdn gap nfaieu trd nggi. hgn che nhat dinh trong viec tiep can. dieu tra, xdc minfa thdng tin. Tren thyc te, dd cd kfadng it cdc vy viec, hign tugng tieu cue dugc bdo chi phdn anh nhung khdng cd phan hdi faay vu viec chua dugc gidi quyet hoac gidi quyet khdng den noi din chon. Ben cgnh dd, bdo chi ciing phai ddi mat vdi mgt khd khan trong viec kiem sodt quyen fadnfa phdp cua Chinh phu do la vdn de dao diic cua ngudi lam bdo, ngudi dua tin.
Nhieu nhd bdo do sy cdm dd cua vat chat vd nhirng lgi ich cd nhdn da bi tha fada. bien chat dan den dua tin thieu tinfa kfadch quan. chinh xdc, trung thyc thdm chi Id dua tin sai lech dnfa faudng den hieu qua gidm sal. ldm gidm niem tin ciia nhdn ddn ddi vdi tinh kfadch quan ciia bdo chi ma cac nhd bdo hi lien quan trong vy dn Nam Cam la dien hinh.
Phdt huy vai tro bdo chi trong Idem sodt viec thuc hifn quyln hanh phdp ciia Chinh phii.
Cd the thay rdng, du hinh thuc nfaan dan kiem sodt quyen hdnh phap tuy da dang nhung higu qua nhdt Id thdng qua cac phuong tien ttuyen thdng bdo chi. Bdo chi ddng vai trd quan trgng ttong viec kiem sodt quyln hdnh phap ddc biet Id ttong chien iugc chdng tham nhung ctia qudc gia. Do vay. vdn dl ddt ra id cdn lam gi de khuyen khich va ho trg cho bao chi dugc ddc lap, nhdm phdt huy vai trd cua minh trong kiem sodt quyen hdnh phdp ciia Chinh phii. Thiet nghu de cdc pfauong lien ttuyen tfadng bdo chi phdt huy hon nira vai trd ciia minh ttong viec kiem sodt viec tiiyc hign quyen hanh phap d nudc ta, cdn phdi thyc hien mgt sd gidi phdp co bdn sau ddy:
Thic nhdi. can mgnh dgn nghien cuu vd cho phep phdt trien cac ta bdo do lu nhdn .sa huu.
Thyc te d cdc qudc gia cho phep tu nhan hda
cdc CO sd truyin thdng bdo chi cho thay rdng ddy Id cdch tdt nhdt dl tang tinh ty chu va ndng lyc ddu ttanh chdng tham nhung cua tmyln thdng. Diln hinh nhu d Mehico, ngay sau khi Chinfa phu bdi bd quyln kiem sodt nha nuoc ddi vdi tdt cd cdc dai truyin hinh vao ndm 1989 vd ngimg kiem soat nhdp khdu bdo chi, cac co sd tiuyen thdng da ttd nen thign chien hon trong cugc chien chdng tham nhiing'-. Vi v^iy, viec nudc ta mgnh dgn nghien ciiu vd cdi mo hon ttong vigc cho phep phdt trien cdc td bao do tu nhdn sd hiiu se gdp phan tgo ra kfadng khi ty do, dan cfau rdng rdi ttong boat dgng bdo chi;
nhiing sy kien, van de quan ttgng cua qudc gia hay nhimg van de ndi com gay biic xuc trong du ludn s6 dugc tiao ddi, thdo ludn, phdn tich khdch quan tren dien ddn cua cac phuong ti?n thdng tin dgi chiing de ngudi ddn Um hieu.
Ddng tfadi, timg budc xa hdi fada cac truyin tfadng cung se gdp pfadn khdc phye nfaiing h^n cfae md cdc phuong tien truyen thdng hign nay dang gdp phdi: phu thudc vao ngan sdch nhi nudc nen cdn "de chung"', ne nang; bj chi phli, kilm duyet trong vigc cung cap thdng tin, nhit Id nfaOng thdng tin cd tinh chdt nhay cdm; hoet;
dgng ndng tinh tuyen truyen chu truong, chinh sdch ma chua chii tigng den tao dien ddn x2 hJii ciia qudn chung nhdn ddn.
Thic hai, bdo ddm lu do truyin ihdng. ty do bdo chi gdn lien v&i viec day mgnh xdy Jimg chinh quyin nhd nic&e cdng khai. minh hgch a Viet Nam. Truyen thdng dgi chiing cd vai tro quan trgng trong viec kiem sodt quyln h^h phdp ciia Chinh phii, the hien qua vigc tSn?
cudng nhan thiic ciia qudn chiing nhan ddn ve viec kiem tra, gidm sdt Chi'nh phii; cung c3p thdng tin, dilu tra vd bao cdo cdc hign tugng tieu cyc, tham nhiing ciia cdc co quan vd coi^
chiic hdnh phdp; tgo dien ddn dk nhdn dan dong gdp y kiln, phdn bien xd hgi ddi vdi Chfnh phii. D I thuc faien dugc vai trd ndy thi ddi hdi truyin thdng, bdo chi phdi dugc ty do. C3 nu6c
'- Xem: Rod Macdonell va Milica Pesic, "Vai tro cua truyin thong trong diu tranh ch6ng tham nhung". ldi tro ciia Nghj vi^n trong hgn chi tham nhung. The World Bank Wzshif\pf}n, DC, a. 121
;a, ty do bdo chi, ty do truyin thdng ludn dugc jhi nhan thdnh nguyen tdc hien dinfa, dugc tdn trgng vd bdo ve nhung cac co che bdo dam cdn :faua dil mgnfa. Vi vgy can xdy dyng cdc co che bdo dam ty do truyen thdng, trudc het Id cdn 3ay mgnh viec xdy dyng chinfa quyen nha nudc cdng khai, minh bach, bdo dam quyen tiep can thdng tin.
Thu ba. edn xdy dung cde quy djnh phdp lugt de hdo ve nhd hdo, cy thi Id cdn s&m han hdnh Ludi Bdo vi ngu&i chong tiiu cue. Ro rang rang, cac nha bdo tim each vgch tran, phanh phui cdc hanh vi tieu cyc, tham nhung thudng phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu sy de dga ve the chdt va tinh thdn. Vi va\. viec bao ve quyen lgi vd su an toan cua nha bao Id dieu cd y nghia quan trpng de bdo ddm cho cdc nfaa bdo tham gia tich cyc, fau-u hieu trong cugc chien chdng tham nhung. De lam dugc dieu ndy cdn tien hanh ddng bp nhieu gidi phdp md trudc het can sdm ban hdnh Luat Bdo ve ngudi chdng lieu cyc. Dao ludt ndy dugc xdy dyng vdi muc dich la bao ve nhung nhdn vien trong bg mdy Nhd nudc hay nhihig cdng dan khac Irong dd cd cdc nha bdo khdi sy trd thu khi hg diing len td cao hanh vi vi pham phap ludt ciia cac quan chirc. Ben canh dd, Nhd nudc cdn xii ly nghiem khac ddi vdi cac co quan, cdng chiic nhd nudc vi pham lual bao chi: thiet lap co che bao ve vd khen thudng nh&ng nha bao dung cdm. ddm dau tranh vdi nhiing sai pham ciia bg may vd cdng chirc nha nudc nhdm dua sy viec ra dnh sdng. Chinh sy bdo vg, trdn trpng ciia Nha nudc ddnh cho nhung nha bao tham gia chdng tieu cyc bao dam rdng nhiing ngudi cd thdng tin neu ra da sir dyng mpt each cd y nghia cdc quyen ty do ngdn ludn. ty do bdo chi ciia hg.
Thu tu. cdn dgt ra trdch nhiim gidi trinh cua truyen Ihdng. Nguyen tdc xay dyng nhd nudc cdng khai, minfa bach ddi hdi ode quan
chuc Chinh phu cd trdch nfaiem giai trinh ve nhiing hogt dgng quan ly, dieu hanh ciia minfa thi ddng tfadi ciing ddi hdi cdc nha bdo - lyc lugng tien phong ttong cupc chien chdng tfaam nhung. cfao viec thyc hien quyen con ngudi, cfao sy ttung thyc vd cdc nguyen tdc dan cfaii - ciing phdi tuan thii nguyen tdc nay. Viec yeu cdu cdc nhd bdo cd trdch nhiem gidi trinh ciing nham han che tinfa trgng "bao chi phong bi", nghia Id cdc nhd bdo nhdn lien de viet bdo lam vui long vd phye \y lgi ich ciia "ngudi dua phongbi"'\ Day cung id co sd de phdt hien vd tir dd dp dyng nhiing che tdi xir phgt nghiem khac ddi vdi cac nha bao Igi dyng quyen han ciia minh de true lgi hodc bao che cho nhiing hdnh vi sai ttdi hodc kicfa dpng nhan dan chdng lgi chinh quyen.
Cudi ciing. cdn nghien cihi xdy dung cdc td chiec gidm sdt cdc phuang lien Iruyin thong, bdo chi. Truyen thdng bao chi cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec cung cap thdng tin, dieu tra cdc vy viec tham nhung, gidm sdt Chinh phii.
Tuy nhien de ttanh sy Igm dyng quyen lyc md truyen thdng bdo chi cd the gdy tdn hgi cho chinh Nhd nudc, td chirc, cdng dan nen can thiet phdi xay dyng cac td chirc gidm sat bdo chi. Vigc nghien ciiu xay dung cdc td chiic giam sdt bao chi. chiing ta cd the hgc hoi kinh nghigm ciia cac nudc cd nen bdo chi phdt trien nhu Hoa Ky. 6 Hoa Ky. du tu do bdo chi dugc bdo ddm nhung vigc giam sdt bao chi rdt dugc chu trpng va dugc giao cho nhieu co quan, to chiic vd dugc thyc hien bang nhieu phuong thirc khdc nhau: Nhiing td chiic giam sat ngoai ngdnh, su chi trich ben trong nganh truyen thdng, sy phe phdn tir hgi ddng bao chi, su phe phdn tir nhinig td chiic nghe nghigp...Nhd sy hoat ddng tich cyc ciia cac td chiic nay nen bao ddm cac nhd bdo dua tin trung thyc, khach quan trdnh tdn hai den lgi ich hgp phap ciia cdc cd nhdn, td chirc khdc./.
" Xem: Rod Macdonell va Milica Pesic. 'Vai t r i ciia truyin thong trong dau tranh ch6ng tham nhung", Vai trd cita Nghi vi^n trong hgn che tham nAung, The World Bank Washington. DC, Ir. 126
