• K H O A H O C X A H O I •
VAI TRO CUA DIEU LE TRONG VIEC KIEM SOAT
• •
GIAO DICH CO KHA NANG TlT L d l TRONG CONG TY
N G U Y E N T H A N H LY f*>
Tom tdt; Bi kiim sodt giao dich c6 khd nang tU ldi trong cdng ty dat hi^u qud dbi hoi sit kei hdp chat che giSa cd ch£ kiem sodt hdng phdp luat (ludt chung) vd cd chS'ki^m sodt npi bg cua cong ty (lu&t d cdp do cdng tyX Tuy nhiin, d Viit Nam tit tntdc den nay, kiim sodt giao dich c6 khd nang tit ldi bang cd che kiim sodt ndi bg chita dUdc coi trgng. Bdi viet de cdp din vai trd cua Biiu IS cdng ty - mdt vdn bdn phdp ludt n6i bg quan trgng de kiim sodt giao dich co kkd ndng tit ldi vd di xu^ mgt so gidi phdp nham ndng cao kieu qud kiem sodt giao dich co khd ndng ti£ ldi thdng qua Bieu le cdng ty.
TU khoa: Giao dich co khd ndng tit ldi; Bieu le cdng ty; kiim sodt; lugt ndi bg cong ty.
Abstract: An effective control of self-interest transactions in corporations requires the combination of legal regulation (Le. state laws) and internal regulation (corporation's laws). However, in Vietnam, internal regulation of self-interest transaction has not drawn appropriate attention. This article discussed the role of corporation's laws in supervising self-interest transactions; tfterefore proposing some suggestions on enhancing the control of this type of transaction.
Keywords: Self-interest transaction; corporation's law; supervision; internal regulation.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 2211112016; Ngdy s^a hdi: 1211212016; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 81212017.
1. D i e u l e c o n g t y - v a n b a n p h a p l u a t n o i b o q u a n t r o n g d^ k i e m s o a t g i a o d i c h c o k h a n a n g tif Itfi
Vg b a n c h ^ t , D i e u Ie cong t y la m 6 t d a n g h ^ d o n g do nhfing t h a n h vi§n c u a cfing t y t h o a thu&n l a p r a , t r o n g do chiia dilng cac q u y d i n h v ^ q u a n t r i t r o n g c6ng t y v a giao djch gifla cong t y v6i b § n ngo&i.
K h a c vdi p h a p l u a t d i e u c h i n h c h u n g Ouat d o a n h n g h i $ p ; l u $ t d i u tU; l u a t chiing k h o a n ; luSit p h a s a n v a cac dao l u ^ t c h u y e n n g a n h . . , ) co dSi tif dng d i l u c h i n h r 6 n g vdi n h i e u cong ty, loai h i n h c6ng ty...
D i e u le c6ng t y dtfdc xSy d i i n g cho tutog cong t y t r o n g k h u o n kh6' p h a p l u S t c h u n g tutc la DifiV 1$ c6ng t y k h 6 n g difdc t r a i v6i q u y d i n h p h a p luElt. P h a p l u ^ t v e cong t y c u a cac n^l&c d^u k h a n g d i n h vi t r i \k v a i t r o c u a D i l u 16 c6ng t y t h o n g q u a cac q u y
d i n h m 5 n h u d n g cho D i l u 1$ cfing t y q u y djnh chi t i l t , Bcfi v$.y, D i l u 1§ cfing t y dUdc x e m la l u ^ t noi b o cong t y .
K h a c v6i cac v a n b a n noi b o k h a c c u a cong ty (quy che q u a n t r j cfing ty; nfii quy lao dfing; quy t a c dao dilc k i n h d o a n h ; q u y t r i n h k y k e t h d p d6ng..O, D i l u lfi cfing t y l a v&n b a n co h i e u lUc cao nha't t r o n g cong ty, bdi: Th^ nhdt, D i l u le cfing t y dildc D a i hfii dong CO dong hoac Hoi dong t h a n h v i e n — cd q u a n cfi t h a m q u y i n cao n h a t ciia cfing t y x a y d d n g v a thfing q u a ; ThU hai, moi h o a t dong c u a cong t y p h a i t u a n t h u q u y djnh t r o n g D i l u lfi cong t y ; ThU ha, t a t ca cac v a n b a n nfii bfi k h a c c u a cfing t y khfing dildc t r a i v6i q u y djnh c u a D i l u le cfing t y . O n g h i a do, n e u nhU qufic
''^ NCS. Khoa LuM, Hoc vifn Khoa hpc xa hoi Email: [email protected].
sd 2-2017 N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XAHdl
gia CO Hien phap thi tii g6c d6 c6ng ty het, cac cong ty m6i la chu th^ nam dUdc Dieu le dUdc xem nhif ban "Hien ph&p cua dac dilm kinh doanh, cd c^u quan tri cua c6ng ty"'". cong ty minh. Khi hai cong ty cung tham Trong kiem soat giao dich c6 kha nftng gia vao mot giao dich, m6i cong ty ap dung tli ldi, b§n canh vi§c tuan thu tot nhi3ng tidu chi khac nhau de phan loai giao dich nguy§n tac quan tri cong ty theo phdp luftt c^n kiem soat, vi vay, cung mgt giao dich di^u chinh chung, thi vi§c sti dung Dieu le co t h i diidc coi 1ft quan trong hay bS't CO vai tro v6 ciing quan trpng g6p ph^n thucing do'i v6i cong ty nay, nhifng khfing nftng cao hieu qua kiem soat giao dich co chftc da phai 1ft giao dich quan trpng hay kha nang tU ldi, cu thi nhU sau: bft^t thucfng doi v6i cong ty khac.
Tka nhdt, miu 1§ c6ng ty se xftc dinh TkO kai, Dieu le cong ty xac dinh cu chinh xac nhflng giao dich co kha nftng tU thi cd ch§' kilm soat giao dich c6 kha ldi cin phai kilm scat, bao g6m: nftng tit ldi.
Di^u le CO vai tro dua ra nhflng can cfl, Cd che kilm soat giao dich co kha nftng ti§u chl d l xac dinh cftc giao dich co kha tu ldi dUdc phan chia thanh: cd che xftc lap nftng tfl ldi cin kilm soat: chu the tham va thflc hidn cac giao dich co kha nftng tfl gia giao dich (ai la ngflcfi dai di$n; ai la 1^; cd ch§' xfl ly vi pham trong giao k^t, ngfl&i c6 lidn quan cua c6ng ty); gift tri cua thflc hidn cac giao dich co kha nftng tU ldi, giao dich hay gift tri cua hpp dong dat ty Id trong do bao g6m cac thanh to cd ban nhU:
bao nhieu thi dUdc coi la giao dich c6 gia (1) Quy dinh v l ranh gi6i dfldc phep vft tri ldn; cac tidu chi d l xac dinh cftc giao khdng dfldc phdp tidn hftnh giao dich vft cd dich CO ndi dung bat thfldng... c h l thdng qua quyet dinh cua cdng ty dl
Ve mat ly thuyet, khdng co mot cftn cfl tranh giao dich c6 kha nftng tfl ldi; (2) Quy hay tidu chi cu the nfto d l xac dinh giao ^ ^ ^1 chd' dp cdng khai hoa thong tin dich CO kha nftng tU ldi can kilm soat dung ^ ^ " "3"^^ ^^^^ Siao dich trong quft trinh vft tot cho moi cdng ty. Dieu nfty ly giai tai ^^^ l^P ^ft thflc Men giao dich; (3) Quy sao Luftt Doanh nghidp thfldng co cftc quy ^^^ ^^ t^ cftch va nghia vu cua ngfldi dinh md de nhflcing cho ch6 cho Dilu Id *5^^^ ^^ ^^°^S cong ty khi giao kd't vft thflc cdng ty dua ra cac cftn cfl, tidu chi cu the de ^^^ Siao dich; (4) Quy dinh v l quyin cua xac dinh cac giao dich CO kha nftng tfl ldi. ^^ *^^"S vft vft'n de lUdng thuSng ddi vdi Thflc te, d l xac dinh dUdc ai 1ft nguSi "SAcii quan ly d l phdng chong giao dich tU dai didn; ai la ngflcfi co hdn quan; gift tri ^^^' ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^"^ *°an dpc Iftp va kilm giao dich dat d i n ti Id nfto se anh hflSng ®°^* "^^ ^^ ^°^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^° ^ich d l tranh
JiS"- - ^ - ! , ' V _ -\_ i ' . . . • 1 - 1 0 . t i : r l d l ! f f i l R l P n n h a n v i ' * 1 * i^f^ trAi n o n m a n
den Cd cft'u va nen tang tai chinh cua cong ^^ ^^^' ^^^ ^^^" P^^^P ^^ ^^ '^^^ "^^ cac giao ty; giao dich nao c6 ndi dung quan trong ^^^\ *^ ^^^' ^'^ ^^^^ P^^P ^ ^y ^°^ ^^i vdi cdng ty hay tinh b^it thudng cua giao "^^^^ "^ P^^"" *^°^S giao ket va thflc hien dich la mpt vft'n dg phflc tap phu thupc vfto ^^° ^^^ *^ ^^•
mdi giao dich, mdi cdng ty, trong tflng tinh ,^^^" ^^ ^^"^ tyjihfla dUng cac ndi dung hud'ng cu t h i . chinh lien quan den cd cft'u to' chflc va hoat B6i le do, vai tro cua Dilu le cong ty ^^^^ ^^^ ^^"S ty. Mpt ban Dieu le tot se dUdc de cao trong qua trtnh dilu chinh ddi
„ A ; „A„ ™„« J- I, A l l , ' 1- ^ 1 • TT " Xem thim: Luu Minh Sang, Trinh Ngoc Nam (2015), Vdl c a c g i a o d i c h C6 k h a n f t n g t u ldl. H d n a i Diiu li cang ty-"ban hiehpkkp"'dang!i Iang gain.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI sif 2-2017
NGUYEN THANH LY bo sung dildc nhiing k h i l m k h u y l t cua nghia vu m ^ ngUdi quan ly ho&c nhiing phap luS.t d i l u chinh chung vk cfi vai t r o ngUcfi t h a m gia giao djch c l n phai thilc quan trong trong vific xac dinh cu t h ^ cd hien, Trong do, nghia vu c^n trong, trung chfi' kiem soat giao dich c6 kha n a n g txt ldi thUc, m i n can v ^ trach nhi$m giai trinh, trong cong ty: cfing khai, minh bach trong cfing vific r a t
Dil^u le cfing t y quy djnh ro nhiing diidc d l cao.
giao djch nao khfing dUdc xac lap v a thric - Doi vdi quy djnh v l q u y i n cua co dong hifin de t r a n h sil true ldi tijf cfing t y cua - q u y i n cua nhiing ngUdi chu s3 hQu cfing ngUcri quan ly. t y la nhiing quy djnh r 3 i difdc cac cong ty
- Dilu le cfing ty quy djnh cu the nhiing chii trong khi xSy diing Dieu lfi, va cung la giao djch ndo can phai dUdc ch^fp t h u d n va nhiing quy dinh m a cac n h a d i u tii tnidc thfing qua bdi Dai hfii dong cfi' dfing, Hfii khi quylt djnh bo vfin d i u tit vdo cfing t y dong quan trj, giao djch nao c l n quylt djnh rS^t quan tam, B3i vay, D i l u le cfing ty da cua Ban Giam doc v a giao djch nao thuoc quy djnh cho ho nhiing q u y i n lihSit djnh t h a m quyen cua ngtidi dai difin theo phap trong td chiic vk hoat dong cua cfing ty luat cua cfing ty, Dong thSi, D i l u le cfing ty cting nh\i vific ki^m soat c^c giao djch cfi ciing quy djnh cac dieu kifin t i l n h a n h cuoc k h a nang t u ldi. D i l u le cong ty neu dUdc hgp (ty lfi c§ dfing du hop hdp lfi) va dilu xSy dUng tfit se dUa r a dUdc cac cdn cii ma kifin d l Nghj quylt, quyet djnh dUdc thfing dUa trfin c^c can cii dfi lUdng thuSng cua qua (ty le s6^phieu bieu q u y l t hdp le), ngU& quan ly dUdc xac dinh hdp ly, minh - Dilu lfi cfing ty quy djnh nhfing thfing bach, t r a n h true ldi trong qua trinh giao tin ndo hfin quan den giao djch c l n phai k i t vd thUc hien giao djch cua ngUdi quan dUdc cfing khai hoa va miic do cfing khai- ly- V l lUdng thu&ig cua ngU&i quan ly, Dang lUu y, nhiing thfing tin v l : cac bfin cfi diing nhU Adolf A. Berle & Gardmer C- lign quan t h a m gia giao djch; gia t r i va nfii Means da phdn tich: viec nhdn dUdc dong dung Cd ban cua giao djch; danh gia miic liidng khfing xiing dang Id mot trong dfi rui ro cua giao djch; bao cao qua trinh nhiing ly do k h i l n cho ngUcli quan ly hoac thuc hifin giao djch; nhfing thfing tin v l sU ngUdi d^i difin h a n h dong vi ldi ich cd vi pham cua ngu6i thUc hien giao dich„- la n h d n t h a y vi ldi ich cua cfing ty vd cac cfi' nhfing thfing t i n quan trong c l n dUdc cfing dfing®. Bdi vdy, trong qua trinh hoat dong, khai hfia d l ndng cao hi^u qua k i l m soat cac cfing ty tiiy thuoc vdo vj tri, trach cdc giao djch cfi k h a ndng tU ldi. nhiem, khoi lUdng cfing vi^c xem xet t r a
- Dilu lfi cua cong t y se cdn cii vdo n h u l^<^ng thudng cho ngU&i quan ly mfit each c l u vd ddc diem cua cfing ty d l quy djnh ^ ^ S ^ang, n h i m phong t r d n h h a n h vi v l dilu kifin, tieu chu&i di dUdc bfi' nhifim true l^i cua ngU& quan ly.
vdo cac chfie d a n h tjuan Iy trong cfing ty - " Hoat dfing c u a cfing ty dUdc eho la nhfing vi t r i cfi k h a ndng a n h hudng lfin "trong sach" n l u ca h a i ed c h l kiem soat den hifiu qua hoat dong cua cfing ty, ciing ben ngodi (to' chfie kiem toan doc ldp) va n h u vific k i l m soat cac giao djch co k h a ^^^ soat ben trong (ddn vj kiem soat noi ndng t u Idi trong cfii^ ty. Dong thcfi, Dil^u
lfi cfing ty cfi vai tro cu t h i hfia (mieu t a r o l ^ ^ r c S i ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ' M i , " ^''!^' ^ ° ^ ^ ' ' w' ^ ' T
o J • (1932/1968), The Modem Corporation and Private rftng vft sftu sac hdn luftt chung) nhflng Properfy, MacMUan, New York.
stf 2-2017 N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
bfi cua cfing ty) hoat dfing hifiu qua. D^c bifit, viee tdng cUcfng q u y i n lUc cua Ban Kiem sodt vd quy djnh ro nghia vu cua Ban Kilra sodt dfi'i vdi cfing ty cung nhU cac cd dfing se h a n c h l p h i n ndo cac sai pham cua nhiing ngudi quan ly, ngUcti dai difin khi t h a m gia cdc giao djch cua efing ty, D I ldm dUdc dilu ndy, cac quy djnh trong Dilu lfi efing ty se bd sung dUdc nhiing khiem khuyet cua phap ludt dilu chinh chung n l u quy djnh chdt ehe, ro rdng vd d l cao vai tro cua Ban Kilm soat.
- Dilu le cfing ty tuy khfing t h i quylt dinh dUde giao djch tU ldi ndo se bj vfi hifiu nhUng trong pham vi vd quyin h a n cua minh cfi t h i quy dinh nhiing c h l tdi bd sung doi vfii ngUcfi vi pham khi giao k i t va thuc hifin cac giao djch t u ldi b i n g viec xdy dung cdc hinh thfie xil ly ky ludt thich hdp vd cdn cfi giai q u y l t t r a n h chsfp nfii bo,
Vdi t^t ea nhflng trinh bdy cl tren cho thgfy, Dilu le efing ty cfi vai tro vfi cung quan trong trong quan trj cfing ty nfii c h i u ^ vd kiem soat giao djch eo kha ndng tu ldi nfii rifing. NMn n h d n da chilu, Dilu Ie cfing ty la sU phan a n h sau sic nhiing dde dilm vd dde thfi eua mSi cfing ty, thfing qua Dilu lfi efing ty se thay dUdc ''nghe thudt kinh doanh" vd ''triet If lanh dao" rifing cua raSi cfing ty, Bdi vdy, trfin phUdng di0n 1^ t h u y l t hay thUc tien, phdp ludt difi'u chinh chung hay lu^t noi bfi cfing ty, Dilu le cfing ty c l n dUdc nhin nhdn vd s^ dung thfch dang.
2. Kifi'm s c a t g i a o d j c h co k h a n a n g tif Itfi thfing q u a D i l u lfi cfing t y cl Vifit N a m hifin n a y
6 Vifit Nam, tfi Ludt Doanh nghiep 1999, d i n Ludt Doanh nghifip 2005 vd hi$n nay la Lu^t Doanh nghiep 2014 den c6 rl"t n h i l u cac quy djnh md danh cho Dilu 1$ cfing ty vfii cac t h u ^ t ngfi nhU:
N H A N LIR; KHOA HOC XA Hdi
^,.do Difiu lfi cfing ty quy djnh", \..trfi trUcfng hdp Difi'u le cfing ty quy djnh khae", 'TVong t n i d n g hdp Dilu 1$ cfing ty khfing CO quy djnh thi.,.". Bfin canh dfi, cdc van ban hufing d i n t h i h d n h nhU nghj djnh, thfing tU ciing co nhiing quy djnh hufing ddn vific xay diing cac nfii dung cua Difi'u le cfing ty, tifiu b i l u nh^t Id Difi'u le mdu ban hdnh kfim theo Thfing tu B6 121/2012/TT-BTC ngdy 26/7/2012 cua Bo Tai chinh v l quan trj cfing ty ap dung cho cac cfing ty dai chfing. Cac quy djnh nay da cho thlfy phap luat chung rd^t d l cao vai tro cua Die'u lfi cfing ty trong quan trj cfing ty vd kiem soat giao djch co kha ndng tu ldi cua cfing ty,
Thiic t i i n d i l u chinh phdp ludt la vdy, nhUng thuc t i l n thUc t h i phap ludt v l k i l m sodt cdc giao djch cfi kha ndng tU Idi thong qua Dilu lfi cfing ty d Viet Nam lai eho th^y mot bfic t r a n h khd am dam:
- Vific xdy dung difi'u le va "ch^t lUdng"
cua d i l u lfi CO sU khac biet ldn gifia cdc cfing ty dsd chung vdi cfing ty phi dai chfing; gifia cfing ty dai chfing nifim yIt so vdi cdc cfing ty dai chfing chUa niem yIt;
gifia cdc cfing ty ho£it dong trong linh vUc ngdn hang, chfing khodn, bao h i l m vdi cae cfing ty hoat dfing trong cac Knh vUc khac.
D i l u lfi cua da sfi' cdc cfing ty hodn todn g i l n g vdi D i l u le mdu dUdc ban hdnh kem theo Thfing tU 121/2012/ND-CP (tfi s i dieu, cd ea'u, dfi'n nfii dung), Dilu lfi cua cac cfing ty trong linh vUe chfing khodn, ngdn hdng, bao hiem t h i thUdng dUdc xdy dung dua t r e n sU ke't hdp ca Dilu le mau vdi cdc quy djnh cua phap lu^t chuyfin ngdnh, bdi vdy, thudng cfi s i lUdng die'u vUdt trfii lfin so vdi cdc nfii dung cd ban trong D i l u lfi m l u .
Khi t h d n h ldp doanh nghidp, cdc doanh nghiep thUdng xem nhe vai trfi cua
stf 2-2017
NGUYEN THANH LY Dieu Id cong ty, b i l u hidn d i l n h i n h Ik sU t^c, khi xay dUng Dieu Id cdng ty can lUu y thieii d^u t u dling miic khi xky diing n6. cae v^n de sau:
Rat nhieu doanh nghiep xem dieu Id chi Ik Tka nfidt, Didu Id phai phii hdp vdi luat mot loai vSn b a n de lam trdn t h u tuc vdi chung: Tat ca cac vkn ban phap luat deu cd quan cdng quyen khi dfing ky t h a n h lfip c6 hidu lUc cao hdn Dieu Id va cae vSn ban doanh nghidp'^'. Nhflng cdng ty nay tiiUdng ndi bd cua cdng ty. Bcii \ky, ve m a t nguydn sao chep i ^ u y d n quy dinh cua Luat Doanh tac, cac van ban noi bd cua c d i ^ ty phai nghidp vao Dieu Id cdng ty, cdng ty nky t u a n t h u cac quy dinh cua phap lu^t,
"hoc hdi" Did'u Id cua cdng ty khac. H a u khdng du<3c m a u t h u i n vdi luat chung, qua la, vdi ckch lam "chdp luat" moi sai t t d n g dUdc vi p h a m nhQng dilu cS^m. Cac sdt, ba:t c | p cua p h a p luat deu hidn didn van ban ndi bd phai lliy luat chung 1km trong cac dieu Id cua cdng ty. khung p h i p ly cd ban de tii dd xay dUng
- NgUdc vdi t u duy xem n h e vai trd cua ^ac quy dinh phil hdp vdi cdng ty.
Dieu Id, n h i l u cdng ty lai the hidn tinh '^^'^ ^°-^' ^ i ^ u le c l n cu the hdn lu$t thUdng ton Dieu Id. Khi xay dilng Dieu Id c^^^^s: Luat Doanh nghidp, Luat Chfing khong h i l u dung tinh t h i n cua phap luat, * ^ ° ^ ' ^^ *^^*= ^^"^ 1"^* ^^^^^y^^ ^ g ^ ^ " " ^ vM^ T2. ngoM khudn k h i p h a p luat. vi ""^ 1« "^^^ *=^ ^ ^ g P^^P ^y- ^ ^^y- pham dilu c^m cua phap luat. So s a n h vdi ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ° ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ S p M p ly dd.
ban Dilu 1$ "chdp luat" t h i rd rfing b i n ^ ^ ^ ^^t*' ^^^""^ "^"^^ ? " * " "f ^ ^ ^ 3"^*
r ^ . ^ i * . , i . ' i 4 j . ^ x.'^ difiu chinh chung nhudng eho eho Difiu lfi
Difiu le VI pham p h a p ludt con nguy hiem ^ - i , "i h ' ^ ' ' ^^ djnh, t h i Dieu lfi cfing ty cdn cu the
— - * , 1 , i _ ' * n - ^ hfia, chi t i l t hfia nhfing quy dinh do de dp
- Da phdn cae doanh nghiep khong cfi , . 1 1, u i. I . ' J - 4r •'* '^ A ^ ^Vng trong cong ty minh.
sU h n h ho^t» chu dong trong viec xay dung J I >, , r^-^ i- i.'- u^ u^ ^ ^x ' , , \ ^^ .Jl , ^ " -, , , , - , Thie ba, Dieu le phai p h u hdp voi ddc cac quy dinh ve kiem soat giao dich co kha ^,^ ^ , . •> * -^^x- ^
/ , , , ^ , »- , * ' , . diem, dde t h u cua efing ty: Moi cong ty cfi ndng t u ldi; khong xae dinh dUde cac giao ^ * ^ * ' . ^ - * - ' ? I - T . J i.^^-^
J. » , _ . ' . .V ^ - ^ . ^ 1.- L^ truyen thong, dae diem k m h doanh, dieu dich b a t thUdng cua cong ty ma cm nhin , . , ^,. i.- i_ 11.- i. T>I; - rx-*"
^ ^ , kien tai chinh,,, khac nhau. Bdi vay, Dieu n h d n cac giao dich vdi ngUdi co lien quan ,^ ' ^ . i •>• - .^ ^ i.-^ j - ^ - ^ ^
^ • ^ s le cong ty phai can cU vdo nhiing dac diem va giao dich cd gia t r i ldn; cd che k i l m soat ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ckc giao dich cd k h a nfing tU Idi ciing hinh thUc t l cua cdng ty. T r a n h tinh t r a n g khdng dUdc chli trong. Vide yeu cau cac p . . ^ jg ..^j^^p,. ^ ^ ^g-^ ^^aCt lUdng. hidu cdng iy sang tao p h a p luat la didu khdng ^^^^ ^/^ j ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^^^ ^^^ q^^ ^ ^ ^^^^
thi va khdng phai cdng ty n^o cung cd j ^ ^ ^^^ jj^g^ Ig ^^^ ^^^. ^^^ ^udc t i l n nhfing chuygn gia p h a p If gidi de thUc ^^ ^dn quy dinh cua luat chung: Dilu 1$
hien viec cha'p h a n h p h a p luat mot each ^g^g (.y ^^^ j ^ ^ ^ pj^uc nhiing k h i l m sdng tao diing d ^ va hdp 1^ nh^t^^^ k h u y l t cua luM. Ddi vdi cac quy dinh v l
3. G i a i p h a p n S n g c a o v a i t r o c u a j^i^j^ ^okt giao dich cd k h a n a n g tU ldi, D i l u Ie t r o n g vific k i l m s o a t c a c g i a o p ^ a p lufit chung cdn n h i l u lo hong, n h i l u d i c h CO k h a n a n g tif Idi t r o n g c o n g t y
M o t t r o n g n h f l n g h a n c h e ldn t a i cdc PI m u Minh Sang, Trinh Ng9c Nam (2015), Diiu li cdng ty 5 Vidt N a m hidn nay la cac the che cdng ty-"bdn kiih phdp" ^ngbi ldng quin.
^ •' • ' *• * »'Lim DGc H^nh (2012), £)t#u I | ?r«Su op dung cAo cdc q u a n t r i cdng t y t h i d u vfi y e u . Vd n g u y d n cdngty niim y^trSnttdtn^mg chfing khodn Viit Nam.
S62-2D17 N H A H LUC KHOA HQC XAHOI D
k h i l m k h u y l t tfi vific nh$n dien giao djch khfing chi dfii vdi phdt trien cua tfii^ cfing CO kha ndng tU ldi den cd c h l k i l m soat, ty, ma ea nfi'n k i n h t l . Tuy vdy, cai thifin bcli vdy, Dilu lfi cong ty c l n dam bao c h l dfi cfing khai hoa thfing tin vd minh nhfing noi dung sau: dUa ra djnh nghia v l bach hfia quan trj cfing ty khfing chi doi giao djch eo kha ndng tU ldi; n h a n difin hoi traeh nhifim tfi phia cd quan nhd nUdc d l y du, chmh xac cac giao djch cfi kha thfing qua eae vdn ban phdp luSit md doi ndng tu ldi, dcS tUdng co kha n a n g tu ldi; hoi no luc cua ca phia doanh nghiep thfing xdy dUng cd che' k i l m soat giao djch co qua Dilu 1^ cfing ty. Ddc biet, kiem soat kha ndng tu ldi tfi lfic t i l n giao djch cho giao djch co k h a n a n g t u ldi lifin quan true d i n khi hodn tSit giao djch. tiep den cac quy djnh v l cfing khai hod vd
B6i vdi viic nhan diin cdc giao dich co gidm sat co h i | u qua giao djch vdi cdc ben khd nang tU ldi: Ngodi vific dUa ra djnh cfi lifin quan.
nghia v l giao djch cfi k h a ndng t u ldi, Dilu - D l cfi dUdc cd ehe kiem soat giao djch le cfing ty c l n nhdn di?n d l y du cac loai cd kha ndng tu ldi dsit hifiu qua cao doi hoi giao dich eo kha ndng tU ldi: Giao djch vdi Dilu le cfing ty co d l y du eae noi dung vl:
ngUdi cd hfin quan cua cong ty; giao djch cd chfi' thong qua q u y l t dinh cua cfing ty;
cfi gid trj ldn; giao djch bd^t thudng, Khi tU each vd nghia vu eua ngUdi quan ly;
xac djnh giao djch vdi ngUdi cfi lien quan q u y i n cua cd dfing va vdn de lUdng thudng c l n lUu f d i n vific xdc djnh chfnh xac cdc dfii vdi ngUdi quan ly; v&a d l kiem sodt noi ben hfin quan cua cfing ty (c6 the tham bo doi vdi cac giao djch cfi k h a ndng tu ldi khao djnh nghia, eae tifiu chi d l nhdn difin vd cd che xfi ly vi p h a m trong giao ket va cac bfin efi hfin quan; cac trUclng hdp khong thUc hifin giao djch t u ldi,,. phfi hdp vdi dUdc coi Id bfin c6 hen quan theo C h u ^ ddc dilm cua tfing efing ty, Nhfing nfii raUc K e t o d n qufic tfi^^^ - L ^ ) . Ben c£inh dfi, dung ndy khfifeg chi tao lfin mot cd c h l Dilu lfi cfing ty c l n cu t h i hda gia trj giao kiem sodt giao djch chdt che, hieu qua md djch dat ty lfi bao nhifiu thi dUdc eoi Id cdn gop p h i n xdy dUng mfit cd che quan giao djch c6 gid trj ldn, d i n g thdi, Dilu le trj efing ty tot.
phai xdc dinh dUdc giao dich ndo Sxidc coi . ^ ^ lfi giao dich b^t thu&ng vfi tieu chi d l TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
n h a n b i l t giao dich btft thucfng. 1* ^° f^^*= * ^ ^ * ^ ^ < 1 " ^ ^ ^^^
Ddi vdi ca ck Him sodt giao dick co <2°^°>' ^^"^ " " ' ^ ^ " ^ " ^^ '^^"^ *>
khd ndng taM: ' ^- ^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ S . Trinh Ngoc Nam - Dilu 10 cdng ty c l n quy dinh d l dam ^^OlS), Diiu li cdng ty - "bdn kidn phdp"
bao tglt ca ckc giao dich c6 kha nfing tU ldi "^""^ ^^ ^""^ ^"^"•
da dUdc dfit dudi su k i l m soat chat che, vfi ^- ^ " " ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^2012), DiSu li mdu da dUdc phe duydt bdi Dai hdi d i n g c l "^^ *^^"^ ''^^ ''^ ^^^"^ ^^ "^^"^ ^^* ^'^^ ^^^
ddng hoac Hdi d i n g quan tri. ^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ' ^ ^ * ^ ° ° " ^ ^ * ^ ° ' " -
- Dilu 10 cdng ty c l n hofin thien c h l dd ^' ^^""^ ^' ^^^^^ ^ Gardiner C. Means cdng khai hda thdng tin Uen quan d i n giao (^^32/1968), The Modem Corporation and dich vfi miic dd minh bach trong q u ^ tri ^ " " " ' ^ PropeHy, MacMilan, New York.
cdng ty. Bdi, cdng khai hda thdng tin vfi ZTZ
^ . , , „ 1, , - ' i_; . i , - , " Ta chiic t&i chinh quoc t^ - IFC (2010), CSm nang minh bach hda quan t n cong ty cd y nghia gudn tri c6ng ty, tr.47 48.
N H A N LVC KHOA HQC XA Hdi S02-2O17
