TC; CHIMH SACH DEM CCJQC SONG
Ban ve vai tro cua cong doan trong nen kinh te thj triforng d Viet Nam
PH^m VAN H A '
T^ chii'c Cong doan Vi$t Nam ra ddi ngay 28/7/1929, g i n liln v6i phong trao dS'u tranh giai phong d3n tOc do Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va Dang Cdng san Vi0t Nam lanh dao. Trai qua hcfn 2/3 thS* ky ho^t dpng, Cdng doan Vi$t Nam ngay cang co vi tri quan trpng trong n i n kinh td'thi trtfdng dinh htfdng xa hdi
chu nghia d Vi$t Nam. i
CONG DOAN VIET NAM DANG NGAY CANG HOAN THIEN
Di^u 10, Hien phap (su'a doi) du'cfc Quoc h6i thong qua nam 2013 quy dinh;
"Cong doiln Viet Nam la to chu'c chinh tri - xa hgi cua giai ca'p cong nhan va cua ngu'di lao dpng difdc thanh lap tren cd sd tiT nguyen; dai dien cho ngiTcfi lao dgng.
ch3m io va bao ve quyen, ldi ich hdp phdp, chinh ddng ctia ngu'di lao dgng...".
Nhif vay, Cong doan Viet Nam la to chiJc chinh trj - xa hOi tho'ng nhat, du'cfc to chii'c theo ddn vi kinh tS' (gom cdc cong ly nh& nu'dc, cong ly ngoili nha nu'dc ihupc cdc thanh phan kinh te); theo ddn vi hanh chinh, sir nghiep; theo nganh va theo dia phu'dng. Tinh de'n ngay 31/12/2013, ca ni/dc cd 8.243.765 doan vien va 1 16.675 cong doan cd sd; 2.032 cong doan cap tren tru'c tiep ccf sd (trong do, gom: 695 cong doin ca'p huyen; 694 cong doan gido due huyen; 366 cong doan nganh did phifdng; 42 cong doan cdc khu cong nghi?p, khu che'xua't).
So' lifdng uy vien ban chap hanh cong dodn cd sd, nghiep dodn gom 421.200 uy vien; so uy vien iiy ban kiem tra cung cap Id 180.932. So iiy vien ban chap hdnh cong dodn cS'p tren trifc tie'p cd sd Id 32.019 uy vien; so'uy vien iiy ban kiem tra cilng cap Id 7.613 uy vien.
So' li/dng uy viOn ban chap hdnh cua 63 tmh. thilnh pho. 19 cong dodn ngdnh Trung i/dng. cong dodn long cong ty trifc
thuoc Tong Lien doan cd 3.111 ijy vien, so' uy vien uy ban kiem tra cdng cap 984 uy vien.
O cd quan cong doan cac cap cd doi ngu can bp chuyen trach cdng doan, hu'dng lifdng tif ngan sach cong doan. Bien che dpi ngu can bp va bp may to chu'c nay do Ban To chii'c Trung U'dng quye't dinh so' lifdng bien che.
So vdi cac doan the chinh trj - xa hpi khac tri/c tie'p hu'dng lifdng tCf ngan sach nha nu'dc, Cong doan Viet Nam khong nhu'ng khac ve mat to chu'c, ma con khac ca ve kinh phi hoat dong. Tong Lien dodn cd kinh phi cdng doan rieng. Tien lifdng ctia cdn bg chuyen trdch cdng doan difdc dam bao til' nguon tdi chinh cong doan.
Khong chi Id to chiJc chinh tn - xd hpi, Cong dodn Viet Nam con difdc to chii'c va hoat dpng theo nguyen tac tap trung dan chii. Cd quan lanh dao cdc cap cua Cong dodn deu do bau cu" lap ra. Quyet dinh cao nha't cua moi cap cong dodn thuoc ve dai hoi cdng doan cap dd. Giifa hai ky dai hgi, cd quan ldnh dao la ban chap hdnh. Ban chap hdnh cong doan cdc cap hoat dgng theo nguyen ldc tap the lanh dao, ca nhan phu trdch, thieu so'phuc lung da so', cap difdi phuc tiing ca'p tren, ca nhan phuc liing td chifc. Moi ky dai hpi deu thong qua dieu le va cac quy dinh, quy che to' chu'c hoat dpng cua minh.
Ve quan he lao dpng, chuyen sang nen kmh te thi tru'dng, cung cd nhu'ng bu'dc phat trien mdi. Hdp dong Iao ddng la hinh thu'c phap ly chu dao cua quan he lao dpng trong xa hgi. Nha ni/dc quy djnh mdc lifdng td'i thieu de cac doanh nghiep cdn cu" van dd xay du'ng thang bang lifdng vd tra lifdng cho ngifdi lao dgng. Tir cd sd dd, Cdng dodn cd trdch nhiem thanh lra, kiem lra. gldm .sdt cdc doanh nghiep xdy diTng thang bang liTdng. tra Iif(fng cho ngi/di lao dgng theo quy djnh cua phdp luat.
' TS.. Trifdng D^i h<?c Cong doan I Email: phamvanha6O0yahoo.c
Hconom^ .md i-o
TCf CHIMH SACH DEN CGOC SONG
Lanh dao 1 iiaim uy. LDLD I I'l IcM than hoi cong nhan kho khan tai Cong ty Phatn Thu (huyen Hoc Mon - TPHCM)
Cdng dodn Vi6t Nam ngdy cdng ddng vai tro tfch ciTc trong hoat dong xay diTng phap luat. Theo luat quy dinh, Tong Lien doan cd quyen trinh diT an luat, phap lenh ra tn/dc Qudc hpi, Uy ban Thu'dng vu Quo'c hgi.
Trong mdi khda Quo'c hdi, t6 chu'c cdng doan Viet Nam ciing cd cac dai bieu la can bd chuyen trach cong dodn tham gia. Qud'c hpi khda XIII (nhiem ky 2013-2018) cd 8 dai bieu Id can bd chuydn trach cdng doan tning ciJ tham gia Qudc hpi. Chu tich Tong Lien doan viJa id dai bieu qudc hdi, ddng thdi Id thanh vidn Uy ban Cac van de xa hpi. Nam 2012, Td'ng Lien doan difdc giao chu tri pho'i hdp vdi Bd Lao dpng, Thirdng binh va Xa hdi diX thao su'a ddi Luat Cdng doan va Qud'c hpi khda XIII da thdng qua, md theo danh gia chung, Ludt Cdng doan da the hidn difdc y chi nguyen vgng cua dodn vien cdng doan va cdng nhan vien chii'c Iao ddng ca mrdc. Dd la bao vd hoat ddng cua td chu'c cdng doan vd bao ve quyen ldi cua ngu'di lao dpng. Vi du, Di^u 17, Luat Cdng doan (su'a doi) quy dinh, d nhiJng cd quan, td chiJc, doanh nghidp chtfa thdnh lap cdng dodn cd sd, cdng doan ca'p tren trifc tiep cd quyen, trdch nhiem dai dien, bao ve quyen, ldi ich hdp phdp, chinh dang cua ngtfdi lao dpng khi difdc hg ydu cau.
Ngoai ra, chu tich Tong Lien dodn, chu tich cdng dodn cdc ca'p cd quyen, trach nhidm tham dif cdc phien hgp, cupc hgp, ky hgp vd hpi nghi cua cdc cd quan, td chu'c hiJu quan ciing ca'p khi ban va quye't dinh nhu'ng vd'n de lien quan dd'n quyen, nghia vu cua ngifdi lao ddng. Hdng nam, Dodn chu tich Tdng Lien dodn tdng hdp nhii'ng kie'n nghi cua ngifdi Iao ddng trong ca mrdc, bao cao vdi Thu tu'dng Chinh phu de xem xet, cd van ban tra ldi va giai quye't nhii'ng kid'n nghi dd. Day cd the' diTdc coi nhtf la van ban thda thuan hai bdn giu'a Chinh phii vd ngtfdi lao dpng, md dai dien la Tdng Lien doan.
Uy ban Quan he Lao ddng Viet Nam dtfcfc thanh lap ngdy 17/5/2007, theo Quye't dinh sd'68/2007-TTg cua
Thu ttfdng Chinh phii. Thanh phan gSm:
dai dien Chinh phu, Tong Lien doiln, Phong Thtfdng mai va Cdng nghiep Vidt Nam. Thdi gian gan day, Thu ttfdng Chinh phu cung da cd quyet dinh thdnh lap Hdi dong Tien Itfdng qud'c gia, b ^ ) ' gdm: dai dien Bd Lao ddng, Thtfdng binh va Xa hdi, Tdng Lien doan va Ph6og Thtfdng mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, nham ttf van giup Chinh phu ve cac vSn de lien quan de'n chinh sach tiln Itfdng cho ngtfdi lao ddng. Nhd hinh thiJc boat dpng tren da tao dieu kien nang cao vai*
trd cua Cdng doan Viet Nam trong vide dai didn ngtfdi lao ddng tham gia xay dtfng cac chinh sach lidn quan den quyln va ldi ich ciia hg.
SpNG, CHE
VAN CON NHIEU HAN
Mac diJ cdng doan cd vai trd quan trpng trong nen kinh td' thi trtfdng, song thtfc te' td chu'c nay cdn chtfa phat huy nhtf mong ddi. Vai trd cdng dodn trong vide tim hieu nguyen vgng, dien biln tam ly cdng nhan lao ddng d nhieu ndi Idm chtfa tot, thu dpng trtfdc cac cudc dinh cdng, lan cdng tif phat.
Theo bao cao nam 2013 ciia Tong Lien doan Lao dpng Vidt Nam, chi trong vdng 5 nam (2008-2012), ca ntfdc da xdy ra hdn 3.000 cudc tranh chdp vd dinh cdng tren dia ban 29 tinh, thanh. Trong dd, nam 2011 xay ra nhieu vu dinh cdng nha't, vdi gan 1.000 vu. Dinh cdng chu yd'u xay ra d cac tinh, thanh phd' trong diem phia Nam, nhtf: Thdnh phd Hi Chf Minh, Binh Dtfdng, Dong Nai - dia bdn tap trung nhieu cdng nhdn lao ddng. Die bidt, mdi day la cac cudc bieu tinh ttf phat cua cdng nhdn tai nhilu dia phtfdng trong thang 5 viia qua. Viec khdng the kiem soat cac cudc bieu tinh ttf phdt, d^
nhtfng ngtfdi qua khich ldi dung d l kich dpng, dap pha va hdi cua d mdt sdcd sd san xua't cua doanh nghiep ntfdc ngodi cho thay, cac to chu'c cdng doan d cd s5 cdn lung tiing khdng bidt phai ldm gl vd qua ye'u, khdng thtfc stf ddng vai trd Id chd dtfa, ngtfdi dai didn vd thu Iinh ciia cdng nhdn.
Mat khdc, mpt bd phan cdn bd cdng dodn trong doanh nghiep chtfa phdt huy kha nang tot. Bdi, mac du Id cdn bd cdng doan d doanh nghidp, nhtftig lai do chfi doanh nghidp tra Itfdng, ndn chiu nhilu stfc dp ve trdch nhiem doi vdi doanh
nghidp hdn Id trach nhiem doi vdi quyen ldi ciia ngtfdi cdng nhan lao ddng.
Tham chi, mot sd ndi cdn chtfa thdnh lap td chii'c cdng doan theo quy dinh phap luat. Mdc du, Bd luat Lao dpng cua ntfdc ta da quy dinh: cac doanh nghiep sau khi da thanh lap 6 thdng phai thanh lap td chtfc cdng doan, song, Ihifc te nhieu doanh nghiep chtfa cd td chifc cdng doan.
Vi du, tinh dd'n ngay 22/4/2014, tren dia ban toan tinh Yen Bdi cd trdn 1.6()0 doanh nghiep vd hdp tac xa dang kj kinh doanh, nhtfng sd doanh nghiep cd id chtfc cdng doan mdi dtfng lai d con sd 125, tiJc Id chi chiem 7,8% (Van Tuan, 2014).
Nhieu chiJ si( dung lao ddng dtfa vao vide thdnh lap tren cd sd ttf nguyen da tim mpi cdch de khdng thdnh ldp td chtfc cdng dodn, du ngtfdi lao ddng vdn thiet tha mong mdi. Day Id mdl khd khan, trd ngai trong vide bdo ve ldi ich ciia ngtfdi lao ddng. Bdi Ie, cdc doanh nghiep chtfa cd td chtfc cdng dodn, thi quyen vd ldi ich chinh ddng ciia ngtfdi lao ddng vln cdn cd thi bi vi pham nghidm trpng, md cdng nhdn lai chtfa cd ngtfdi dai didn chan chinh ciia minh diJng ra bdo vd.
VAY, C A N P H A I LAM Gl?
De Ihtfc hi^n td't chu'c ndng dai dien va bdo ve cua td chtfc cdng doan nhtf mdt thid't che' xd hpi, td chii'c cdng doan can thtfc hidu tdt nhffng cdng vi^c sau:
Mgt la, phdi thdnh lap id chu'c cdng doan d td't ca cdc doanh nghiep. De bao ve ldi ich cho ngtfdi lao ddng trong doanh nghidp, nha't thie't phdi thdnh lap td chii'c cdng dodn. Bdi le, td chii'c cdng doan se dai dien cho ngtfdi lao ddng khi ddm phdn, thtfdng Itfdng, giai quye't nhffng tranh chap lao ddng xay ra ngay tai doanh nghidp vdi ngtfdi stf dung lao dpng, thtfc hien vide bao ve quyln ldi hdp phdp cua ngtfdi lao ddng.
Hai Id, xay diAig va hoan thien he thdng phap luat du manh de dilu chinh hanh vi cua cac chu the trong quan he Iao ddng. Neu hd thdng phap luat ye'u va Ihieu sdt se tao cd hpi cho cdc hanh vi xam pham Idi ich, tff dd, xuat hien mau thudn va gay nen Iinh trang tranh chap lao ddng, dinh cdng. Day Id nguyen nhan lam xau di quan he lao ddng trong doanh nghiep. Do vdy, xay dtfng he thd'ng phap luat du manh Id ydu cau can thie't de han che^den mtfc tha'p nhat nhffng tieu ctfc phat sinh.
Ba la, day manh viec xdy difng td chtfc, kidn loan ddi ngu can bd va cai tien phtfdng thtfc hoat dpng phu hdp vdi yeu cau mdi; cham Io xay dtfng, cung cd' id chffc cdng doan, Iam cho Cdng doan Viet Nam khdng ngffng ldn manh, thdt stf la td chtfc chinh tri - xa hdi, td chtfc quan chung rdng ldn cua cdng nhan, lao ddng, dai dien cho stfc manh, tai nang, tri tue va ldi ich cua cdng nhan, lao dpng. Can phai da dang hda cac hinh thtfc tdp hdp quin chung va tang ctfdng cac boat dpng xa hdi de tap hdp, ddng vidn dtfdc ddng dao cdng nhdn, lao ddng trong tat ca cac thdnh phan kinh te'.
Bon id, van ddng cdng nhan tham gia cac phong trdo thi dua yeu ntfdc, gdp phin phdt trien kinh te'- xa hdi va xay dtfng giai cap cdng nhdn Idn manh. Cu the la, cdng doan can htfdng phong trao thi dua vac muc tidu
"Nang sua't - Chat Itfdng - Hieu qua", "Viec lam - Ddi sdng - Dan chu va Cdng bang xa hdi", tao thdm viec lam va tang thu nhap, cai thien ddi sd'ng cdng nhan, lao ddng, gdp phan tang trtfdng kinh te', hoan thdnh nhiem vu chinh tri cua nganh va dia phtfdng. Cdng doan can chii ddng tham gia va bao ve, tao mpi dieu kien de cdng nhdn, lao dpng cd quyen chu ddng, sang tao trong sdn xua't, kinh doanh vd dtfdc htfdng ldi xtfng dang vdi nhffng ddng gdp ciia minh khi tham gia cac cdng viec ciia doanh nghidp.
Nam la. day manh cdng tdc nghien ctfu ly ludn, tdng ke't thtfc tien ve giai ca'p cdng nhdn va hoat ddng cdng doan thdng qua id chtfc cac hdi thao khoa hgc, toa dam, bao cdo kinh nghiem lao ddng gidi, lao ddng sang lao, tong ke't thu'c tien hoat dpng cdng doan trong cdc loai hinh doanh nghiep. Ke't qua cac de tai nghien cihi, cdc hoat ddng khoa hpc sau khi dtfdc nghidm thu, tuy theo cap dp de tdi, pham vi anh htfdng vd gia tn tfng dung, thi can dtfdc phd bie'n, tuyen truyen tren cac phtfdng ddn thdng tin dai chung trong pham vi ngdnh, dia phtfdng vd thdm chi trdn todn qudc.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban Cha'p hdnh Trung tfdng khda X (2008). Nghi quyet so 20-NQ/TW, ngay 28/1/2008 ve liep tuc .xdy difng giai cap cong nhdn Viel Nam thdi ky day tnanh cdng nghiep hoa. hien dgi hoa dat nudc 2. Qud'c hgi (2013). Hie'n phdp nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam, so' 18/2013/L-CTN, ngdy 28/1 i/2013 3. Qud'c hpi (2012). Bi) lugl Lao dgng (s^a doi), so I0/2012/QH13, ngay 18/6/2012 4 Qudc hpi (2012). Lugt Cong dodn (svta doi), sd' 12/2012/QH13, ngay 20/6/2012 5. VdnTuS'n (2014). Thdnh l^p to chiic cong dodn trong doanh nghiep: Chiing dudng ngugc doc.
truy cap tff http://www.baoyenbai.com.vn/2i5/ll2696/Thanh_lap_to_chuc_cong_doan_trlllng_
doanh_nghiepChang_duong_nguoc_doc.htm
6. Kiselov V.N., Smolkov V.G (2002). Quan h? doi ldc .va hgi tgi Nga, Nxb Kinh te, Matxcova
