TAP CHi CONG THIfKNG
ANH HlTCfNG CUA THOA MAN TRONG CONG VIEC DEN Si/ GAN BO TINH CAM CUA NHAN VIEN NGAN HANG TMCP DAU TlJ VA PHAT TRIEN VIET NAM
• TANG TR[ HUNG - DANG THE HIEN - LE VAN THONG
TOM TAT:
Nghien ctfu dtfde thtfc hien de danh gia anh htfdng cua cac thanh phan lam thoa man trong cong viec den stf gSn bo ve tinh cam cua cdc nhan vien tai Ngan bang TMCP Dau ttf va Phdt trien Viet Nam (BIDV). Ke't qua cho tha'y eo 7 thanh phan Iam nhan vien thoa man trong cong viee va tac dong de'n stf gan bo vdi ngan bang bao g6m: Ban chat cong vi^e; Dao tao va thang tien; Thu nhap; Cap tren; M6i trtfcfng lam vific; Dong nghiep va Phuc ldi. Trong do, manh nhd't la Ban cbS't cong viec va ye'u nha't la Phuc Ldi.
Tuf khoa: Stf hai Idng ctia nban vien, thoa man c6ng vi$c, gan b6 t6 ebtfe, BIDV.
1. Gidi thieu
Ne'u mot nhan vien cam tha'y thoa man thtfc stf trong cong viec, bo se gan bo. cong hien, sang tao va h5 trd cho td chtfc bat ctf Itic nao va kbi nao to chtfc can (Michael, 2014). Do vay, viec xac dinb mtfe do anb htfdng cua eae tbanb phan lam thoa man trong eong viec den stf gan bo cua nban vien tai BIDV la v6 ciing cap thie't. De ttf do, cae nba quan Iy dtfa ra dtfde dinh htfdng quan tn nhan stf phu hdp, giup Ngan hang dat dtfdc eae muc tieu da dat ra.
2. Ly thuyd't nghien cii'u
2.1. Thda mdn cong viec (Job Satisfaction - JS) Cac nha nghien ctfu dong y ring stf thda man trong cong viec (STM) bao gom: thda man chung va thoa man tbeo thanh pb^n. Thda man chung ia trang thai ma ngtfcfi Iao dong eo dinh htfdng ro rang va thtfc stf thich thu; ed suy nghT, cam xiic tich etfe dd'i vdi k^'t qua cdng viee; dtfdc ddp tfng nhffng mong mud'n hay nhu ctu ttf to chtfc. Trong kbi do, thda man theo thanh phan chinh la cac khia canh lam eho ngtfdi Iao dpng cam tha'y bai long trong
edng viee nhtf: ban chat eong viec, thang tie'n, tien Itfdng, dong nghiep, giam sat eua ea'p tren, moi trtfdng lam viec, pbu ca'p/tbtfdng va giao tiep thong tin.
Hai Iy thuyet thtfdng dtfdc stf dung trdng nghien ctfu STM cua nhan vien bao gdm Thuyet nhu eau ca'p bdc cua Maslow (1943) vaThuy6'thai nhdn to' cua Herzberg (1959). Trong do, Maslow cho rdng sau khi mot nhu cau dtfdc thda man thi nhu cau khac d bdc cao bdn se xua't hien va tang dan ttf nhu cau cd ban, an toan, xa boi, quy trong, den tU kbdng dinh minh. Va Herzberg phan nhdm cac thanh phan Iam thoa man thanh nhdm ddng vien (nhtf: ban chd't cdng viec, thanh ttfu, cdng nhan ttf cd'p tren, trach nhiem ca nhan, cd bdi thang tiSn) va nhdm duy tri (nhtf: chinh saeh va quy dinh quan Iy cua doanh nghiep, giam sat cua cd'p tren, dieu kien Iam viec, nbtfng md'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep, ti^n Itfdng, cupe sd'ng ed nban, an toan).
2.2. Gdn bd vdi to chUc (Organizational Commitment - OC)
Stf gan bd vdi td ebtfe (stf gan bd tinb cam vdi 232 So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020
TAI CHINH-NtAN HANG-BAO HIEM
to chtfc - SGB) la tinb trang ma nban vien gdn bd/hd trd de td chtfc dat dtfdc cac muc tieu cua minh. SGB nay bao gdm mtfe dp nhdn bie't, tham gia va Idng trung thanh. Dieu nay lam eho nhan vien sdn sang thtfc hien cac nhiem vu vtfdt mong ddi, ddng gdp nbtfng sang kien giup eong ty boat dSng hieu qua hdn (Meyer & Herscovitch, 2001).
Nhtfng nhdn vien neu gan bd bdng tinb cam sau sac, manh me se cd nhieu dpng Itfc cao hdn cdc nhan vien khac. Nhin chung, SGB Iam cho nhan vien ddng gdp nhieu hdn va duy tri Idu dai vdi cong ty (Paul, 1997).
2.3. Md'i quan h^ giSa STM vd SGB Ebyana va cac cdng stf (2012) cho rang viec gdn bd vdi td chtfc chiu stf tac ddng cua cac nhdn tdnhtf: Kha nang suf dung ky nang; Che dp Itfdng va dai ngd; Dong nghiep; Stf edng nhan; Thanh tich; va Didu kien ldm viee. Va cac thanh phan the hien STM nhtf: Tien Itfdng; Dae diem cdng viec; Thang tid'n; Md'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep;
Md'i quan he vdi ca'p tren; Mdi trtfcfng Iam viec;
Tuydn dung nhdn stf; va Stf htfng tbu se tae ddng de'n SGB thong qua cdc thanh phan nhtf: Gan bd tinh cam; Gan bd duy tn; Gdn bd dao dtfc (Nhat va Trang, 2015; Khan & Jan, 2015).
3. Phtfdng phap nghidn ctfu 3.1. Gid thuye't nghien ciiu
Ban chd't cdng viec (Job Characteristics - JC):
Nhan thtfc ve ban chd't cdng vifee ed pbii bdp vdi kha nang, ndng Itfc anb htfdng trtfc tid'p de'n STM (Khan & Jan, 2015). Va ban cba't cdng viec Id nhtfng yeu td' cu the bao gdm nhu eau tinh than hoac the chd't, dieu kidn lam viec, kie'n thtfc va ky nang can thie't (Nhdt va Trang, 2015). Vi vay, gia thuye't dtfdc dat ra:
HI - Mtfe dp thda man ve ban cba't edng viee anh htfdng eung chieu tdi SGB.
Thu nhap (Payment): Cac nghien ctfu da chi ra rdng ltfdng thtfdng kbdng cd tdc ddng de'n ddng lu'e bong dai ban va cung khdng nhd't tbie't lam tang ndng sua't (Khan vd Jan, 2015). Tuy nhien, neu Itfdng khdng ddp tfng dtfdc mdng ddi thi ddng cdvd hieu sua't se bi anh htfdng tieu ctfc (Paul va cac cdng stf, 2007). Do dd, cac tac gia cho rang:
H2 - Mtfc dp thda man ve thu nhap anh htfdng difdng tdi SGB.
Cd hdi dao tao (training) va thang tie'n (promotion): Dao tao Id qud trinh dtfdc hoc cac ky nang ma mpt nhan vien can de phuc yu cho cdng vi6c. Va thdng den la viec dtfdc ehuyen sang cdng
viec hoae vi tri mdi tdt bdn (Nhat va Trang, 2015).
Cae nghien ctfu ehtfng minb rang cd bpi dao tao va thang tie'n cd tae ddng tich etfe tdi STM eua ngtfdi Iao ddng (Paul va cde edng stf, 2007). Qua dd, gia thuye't H3 dtfdc de xua't-
H3- Mtfc dp thda man ve cdhdidao tao thang tie'n anh htfdng dtfdng tdi SGB.
Cap tren (Superior): Ca'p tren la ngtfdi ed vi tri eao, quan Iy trtfc dd'p nhdn vien cd'p dtfdi. STM giup cho md'i quan he gitfa bai cap thdn thien hdn va nhdn vien dd nhan dtfdc stf hd trd bdn khi hp can (Paul va edc cdng stf, 2007). Do dd, md'i quan bd tich ctfc nay se lam tang mtfe dd thda mdn trong cdng viec giam thieu nguy cd nghi viee cua nban vien (Khan va Jan, 2015). Do vdy, gia thuye't:
H4 - Mtfe dp thda man ve Iam viee vdi cd'p tren anh htfdng dtfdng tdi SGB.
Dong nghiep (Colleague): Dong nghiep Id nhtfng ngtfdi ciing Iam trong to chtfc, thtfdng xuyen trao ddi trtfc tie'p vdi nhau hdn. Vi vdy, ne'u nhan vien cd stf than thien va bd trd lan nhau khi can se tao stf thda man td't bdn cua nhdn vien (Meyer & Herscovitch, 2001). Va nhdn vien cd md'i quan be td't, than thien vdi cae ddng nghiep thtfdng gan bd cao hdn vdi ddn vi (Khan & Jan, 2015). Vi the', gia thuye't dtfdc ddt ra nhtf sau:
H5 - Mtfc dp thda man ve Iam viec vdi ddng nghiep anh htfdng dtfdng tdi SGB.
Mdi trtfdng vd dieu kien Iam viec (Working condition): Day la thanh phan lien quan den stfc kbde, cam gia tien ngbi, thdi gian, trang thie't bi can tbie't, stf thoai mai trong edng viee cua nban vien. Do vdy, STM dtfdc cho la cd Hen quan de'n mdi trtfdng lam viee (Paul vd cde cong stf, 2007).
Vi the, chung tdi tin rang:
H6 - Mtfc dp thda man ve mdi trtfdng va dieu kien lam viec anb htfdng dtfdng tdi SGB.
Phuc ldi cua to chtfc (benefit/bonus)- Pbiic ldi la phan hd trd them nham dam bao ddi sd'ng va tdi san xua't stfc lao ddng. Cac khoan phuc Idi thd hien stf quan tam cua td chtfc vdi nhdn vien. Vi the, chiing gdp phan quan trpng trong viee Iam thda man cdng viec cua nhdn vidn (Paul vd cac edng stf. 2007). Qua dd, binh thanh gia thuye't:
H7 - Mtfc dp thda man ve phuc ldi anh htfdng dtfdng tdi SGB.
3.2. Md hinh nghien cdu
Md hinb nghien ctfu dtfdc hinh ihanb va de xua't nhtf sau:
So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 233
TAP GHi CONG THI/tiNG
Hinh 1: M6 hinh nghiSn c(tu dUdc de xua't
Thoa man \ e lam \iec
\ a i Dong nghiep
Thoa man Moi titTong va dieu kien
Thoa man Phuc lai
Thoa man \ e lam
\ iec vai Cap tren
Thoa man C a hoi dao tao, thang tien
Gan bo tinh cam cua nhan \ien voi Ngan hang BIDV
Thoa man Thu nhap
Thda man Ban chat cong \'iec
Ttf md hinh nghidn ctfu, tae gia dd xud't phtfdng trinh bdi quy chuan hda de kiem dinb eac gia thuyet cd dang nhtf sau:
Y = PiXl + ^2^2 + P3X3 + ^4X4 + psX5 + P^Xd+PyX?
Trong dd: Y la bid'n phu thudc phan dnh SGB cua nhdn vien; Pj —>• ^f. Ia cac he sd' bdi quy eua ttfng bie'n ddc lap; XI—>• X7: la cdc bie'n ddc lap theo thtf ttf: Ban chat eong viee, thu nhap, cd hpi dao tao va thang tie'n, cd'p tren, ddng nghiep, mdi trtfdng lam viec, phuc ldi,
3.2. Thu thdp i'd phdn tich dH li^a Dtf lieu dtfdc thu thdp thdng qua cac phieu khdd sat - dtfdc xdy dtfng dtfa tren thang do Likert 5 cd'p dp - gdi trtfc tiep den 280 dap vien dang edng tae trtfc tie'p tai BIDV. So quan sdt nay dam bao ed mdu td'i thieu la 165 trong nghidn ctfu vdi 39 quan
sat eua 7 bien ddc lap va mdt bien phu thudc. Dff lieu sau tbu thap dd dtfdc x^ ly bang phan mdm SPSS thdng qua cdc kidm dinh dp tin cay Cronbachs Alpha; phan tich nhdn td' khdm phd EFA; va hdi quy da bie'n.
4. Ke't qua nghidn ctfu
Vdi 280 phie'u pbat ra, sd phie'u tbu hdi Id 236.
Sau khi dtfdc Iam sach, sd'phie'u hdp Id la 224, dat ty le 80,00%. Ket qua cho th^y ed 115 dap vidn la nam (ti le 51,34%) so vdi 109 nff. Ve dp tudi, 24 ddp vien cd tham nien dtfdi 3 ndm (ti le 10,71%), 58 dap vien lam viec ttf 3 - 5 ndm (ti le 25,89%), 142 dap vien ed tham nien tren 5 nam (ti Id 63,33.
Ddng thdi, cd 28 dap vien thudc nhdm Quan h (ti Id 12,50%), va sdcdn lai la nhan vidn de'n ttf cdc phdng ban (ty le 87,50). (Bang 1)
Can ctf so' lidu tdng hdp ttf Bang 1,39 thang do
Nhan to Cronbach's Alpha So quan sat kiem dmh S& quan sat chap nhan So quan sat b| loai
Bang
BC 0,809
06 05 00
. Ket qua kiem djnh dp tin cgy thang do
TN 0,852
04 04 00
DT 0,866
05 05 00
CT 0,813
06 06 00
DN 0,899
04 04 00
MT 0,849
04 04 00
PL 0,844
04 04 00
AC 0,876
07 07 00
long
39 39 00 Ngudn • Tdng hop tU ke'l qud phdn tich dS liiu
234 So4-Thang 3/2020
TAI CHINH-NGAN HANG-BAD HIEM
do Itfdng chd 7 bien ddc lap va bie'n pbu thudc (AC) cd dp tin cdy rd't cao vdi he so' Cronbach's Alpha > 0,8. Nhtf vay, 39 thang do nay hoan todn difdc cha'p nban vd dtfa vao thtfc bien EFA.
Bang 2. KS't qua EFA cho cac bien dpc lap KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kalser-Meyer-Uikin rvleasure of aampling Adequacy
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx, Chl-Square Df Sig.
,758 4179,978
496 ,000 Nguon: Tong hap lit ke'l qud phdn tich dif lieu
Sd heu Bang 2 cho thd'y bd sd' KMO = 0,758 va kiem dinh Barlett cd Sig. = 0,000. Vi vay, ke't qua EFA dam bao mtfc dp bdi tu va phan tan eiia cdc thang do. Ddng thdi, gid tri Eigenvalue thd'p nha't la 1,666 > 1 va tong phtfdng sai trich la 66,947 cho tha'y 32 thang do cua 7 bie'n ddc lap giai thich dtfdc 66,947% Stf bien thien ciia dtf lieu vd 33,053% la do eae ye'u td' khac, Ttfdng ttf, 7 thang do cua bie'n phu thudc ciing the' hien dtfdc mtfc dp bdi tu va phin tdn kbi cd gid tri KMO = 0,886; Barlett vdi
Sig. = 0,000; va Eigenvalue la 4,024 > 1.
Ke't qua so'lieu Bang 3 cho tha'y 7 thdnh phan ciia STM deu tac ddng de'n SGB tai BIDV, Qua dd, phtfdng trinh hdi quy chuan hda dtfdc xae dinh nhtf sau:
AC = 0,288 * BC + 0,219 '^ TN + 0,272 * DT + 0,164 * CT + 0,139 * DA' + 0,142 * MT + 0,128 * PL
Ddng thdi, kiem dinh bang ANOVA cd gid tri Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05; he sd VIF ciia 7 thanh phan deu < 2; va dd thi phan dtf chuan hda va P-Plot deu cho tha'y cac gia thuye't eua md hinh hdi quy khdng bi vi pham. Nhtf vay, md binh nghien ctfu dat dtfdc phu hdp va mang tinh dai didn eho tdng the vdi mtfe dp giai thich 62,9%. Nhtf vdy, ca 7 thanh phan thudc STM eiia nhdn vien tai BIDV deu ed tac dong cung chieu de'n SGB vdi ddn vi. Do dd, ea 7 gia thuye't nghien ctfu da ddt ra deu dtfdc chap nhan.
Ve ve mtfc dp tae ddng, bid'n ban eha't edng vide (BC) tae ddng nbieu nha't tdi SGB (p - 0,288).
Tie'p theo Id bie'n dao tao va cd bpi thdng tie'n (DT) vdi p = 0,272; bie'n thu nhap (TN) vdi p = 0,219;
bidn cd'p tren (CT) vdi p = 0,164; bid'n mdi trtfdng lam vide (MT) vdi p - 0,142; bie'n ddng nghiep (DN) vdi p = 0,139. Va bie'n anb htfdng ye'u nhd't id phuc ldi (PL) vdi p = 0,128.
Bang 3. Ke't qua ho! quy
1
Model
(Constant) BC TN DT
1
CT DN MT PL
Unstandanjized Coefficients
B -1,017
Std. Error ,225 ,296 ,048 ,182 ,037 ,235 1 ,041 ,182 1 ,051 ,131
,122 ,137
,041 ,041 ,046
Standardized Coefficients
Beta
,288 ,219 ,272 ,164 ,139 ,142 ,128
t
-4,614 6,178 4,893 5,689 3,604 3,204 3,007 2,993
Sig.
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,002 ,003 ,003
Coilineatity Statistics
ToletBnce
,766 ,834 ,729 ,800 ,882 ,745 ,915
ViF
1,306 1,199 1,372 1,260 1,134 1,342 1,093 Ngudn: Tong hap lie ke't qud phdn lich dS liet
S d 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 235
TAP CHi CdNC THIfdNG
Nhin chung, ke't qua nghien ctfu nay ed stf ttfdng quan vdi eac ke't qua nghien ctfu trtfdc do eua Paul (1997); Michael (2014); Khan va Jan (2015); cffng nhtf cua Nhat va Trang (2015) Dieu nay eho thay ngtfdi lao ddng ludn tfu tien quan tam nhieu nha't de'n ye'u td' dac diem cdng viee; thu nhdp va ddo tao phat tnen (Michael, 2014; Khan va Jan, 2015) bdn la cac va'n de khae Trong do, ye'u to' ddc diem/ban chat cdng vide cd tac ddng manh nhd't ddi vdi STM eiia nban vien (Paul, 1997; Nbdt va Trang, 2015).
S. K^t lu$n
Nham mue dicb xae dmh eac thanh phan lam nhan vien thda man trong cdng viec va qua dd xem xet md'i quan be ciia chiing ddi vdi SGB tai Ngdn hang BIDV Viet Nam, nghien ctfu ebo tha'y ca 7 tbanb pb^n lam thda man trong edng vide deu cd tae ddng tieh ctfc de'n SGB ciia nhdn vien vdi BIDV. Trong dd, bien Ban chd't edng vide tae ddng nhidu nhd't ( p = 0,288), tid'p dd'n la Dao tao va cd hdi thang tien ( p = 0,272), Thu nhdp ( p = 0,219), Cap b-en ( p = 0,164), Mdi trtfdng lam vide (p = 0,142), Ddng nghidp (p = 0,139), tac ddng yeu nhd't
laPhtieldi(p = 0,128).
Ttf ke't qua tren, de tdng ctfdng viec boat dinh nhdn stf va SGB/cdng hien ttf phia nhdn vien dd'i vdi to ebtfe, cac tae gia kidn nghi BIDV trong ngan han nen tap trung cac giai phap giiip ngtfdi lao ddng hieu dtfdc ban cha't cdng vide; xdy dtfng va eai thien eac cbinh sach ve tuyen dung/ddo tao va thang tie'n; ddng thdi ed cac giai phap phdp nang eao thu nhdp cho cae nban vien. Ben canh do, trong dai ban, Ngdn bang BIDV eung can Idp ke hoaeh/xay dtfng/eai thien eac va'n de Uen quan den mdi trtfdng lam vide; tfng xuf/tinh than bd trd va giao tie'p; cung nhtf cai thien cdc chinh sdch/hinh thtfc vd pbiic Idi chd nhan vidn,
Tdm Iai, nghien ctfu da gdp ph^n md rdng hieu bie't ve cac thdnh phIn tac ddng dd'n STM ddi vdi SGB. Tuy nhidn, ket qua chtfa cbi ra dtfdc stf khac bidt ve mtfe dd thda man gitfa khd'i nhdn vien lam vide van phdng va khd'i nhdn vidn kinb doanh va stf khdc biet giffa cdc pbdng/ban. Do vdy, cac ngbidn ctfu ttfdng Iai can kbac phuc ban che nay vd md rdng pham vi nghien ctfu cho toan bd cac ngSn hang; hoac cdc td chtfc khdc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
2 Boles, J., Madupalli, R., Rutherford, B., & Wood, J. A. (2007). The relationship of facets of salesperson joh satisfaction with affective organizational commitment. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
2. Eliyana, /i., Yusuf R M., & Prabowo, K. (2012) The Influence of Employees Joh Satisfaction Factors on Organizational Commitment.Jumal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan\ Journal of Theory and Applied Management,5(2).
3. Khan, A. S,, &Jan, F (2015). The study of organization commiimenl and job satisfaction among hospilal nurses A survey of district hospitals ofDera Ismail Khan.Global Journal of Management and Business Research.
4. Michael, D F (2014). Supportive supervisor communication as a mediator of the leader-member exchange and subordinate performance relationship International Journal of Leadership Studies,8(2), 44-65.
5. Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model.Human resource management review, 11(3), 299 - 326.
6. Paul E.(Elliot) E. Spector. (1997).Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, cause, and consequences Sage Publications
7. Quang Minh Nhat & Bang Thi Doan Trang (2015). Nhdn to dnh hudng dS'n sUgan bd cHa ngudi lao dong cd tnnh do lit dai hoc trd len Irong cdc doanh nghiep d TP. Cdn Tha Tap chi khoa hoc Trudng Bai hoc Cdn Tha. So 38, T 9.
236 So4-Tfidng3/2020
Ngay nlian bai: 7/2/2020
Ngay phan bi&n danh gia va su'a ehifa: 17/2/2020 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 27/2/2020
lAlGHlNH-NliAIII HANG-BAD HIEM
Thonglintdcgici:
1,TS, TANG TRI HUNG
Khoa KS'toan, TrifSng Dai hoc Ton Dtfc Thing 2, DANG THE HIEN
Nghien cifu sinh nganh Quan lr| Itlnh doanh, trifolng Dai hoc Kinh t e - Lu8t, Dai hoc Qud'c gia TP,H6 Chi Minh
Ngan hang TMCP Dlu tuT va Phat trie'n Vi$t Nam - Chi nhanh SS Giao Dich 2 3, LE VAN THONG
Khoa Chinh tri - Hanh chinh, D^i hoc Quoc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh
THE IMPACT OF JOB SATISFACTION FACTOR ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
OF STAFF WORKING FOR BIDV
• Ph.D TANG TRI HUNG
Faculty of Accounting, Ton Due Thong University
• DANG THE HIEN
Ph.D's student, Facuity of Business Administraion University of Economics and Low, Vietnam National University
Ho Chi IVIinh City
• LE VAN THONG
School of Political and Administrative Sciences Vietnam National University - Ho Chi IVIinh City
ABSTRACT:
This study is to investigate the impacting level of job satisfaction's components to organizational commitment of staff worlcing for the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV). The study's results show that there are seven components creating the job satisfaction's staff working for BIDV and positively impacting the staffs organizational commitment. These components are Job characteristics; Training and promotion; Payment; Superior; Working conditions; Colleague; and Bonus. In which, the sffongest impacting component is the Job characteristics and the weakest one is the Bonus.
Keywords: Staff satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, BIDV.
S o 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 237
