THgC HAMH QUYEH COKG TO. KIEM S A T HOST B Q H G TIT PHBP T A X A Y DtfHG N G A H H KSND
BAN VE VAI TRO, TRACH NHIEA/I CUA KIEM SAT VIEN TRONG TO TUNG HINH SI/
PHAM XUAN KHOA*
Qua nghien cuu vd hoat dong thuc tien chiing toi thay rang, tinh dgc I0p cda Kiem sdt vien trong hoat dpng to pfng hinh su con nhieu bat cap. Vi vay, trong phiim vi bai viet ndy, tdc gid bdn vi cdc npi dung lien quan den nhi^m vu, quyin h^n; nhitng bat cap cua Bp lu^t To ttfng hinh su vi vai tro, trdch nhiem cua Kiim sdt viin vd de xuat hu&ng sua doi cho phu hpp.
1. Nhi^m vy, quyen han va trach nhi^m cua Kiem sdt vien trong t6 tung hinh su
Dieu 37 Bp luiit T6 tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) quy dinh tuong ddi day dii nhi?m vu va quyen han eiia Kiem sdt vien (KSV) trong hoat dpng td tung ddi vdi vy dn hinh su tir giai doan khoi td vy dn den giai doan thi hdnh ban dn. De thuc hien tot nhiem vy, quyen han ciia minh; KSV can thuc hien tot nhiing yeu cau sau:
Trong giai doan khai to vd dieu tra vu dn hinh s{e:
Kiem sat vien phai kiem sat chat che viec dp dung edc bien phdp ngan chan nhu: Bat, tam giii, tam giam. Viec ap dyng cac bien phap ngan chan nay phai dam bao viec tuan thii dimg quy dinh tai cac dieu 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 cua BLTTHS nam 2003.
T^i Khodn 2 Di6u 112 BLTTHS quy dmh:
'... khi xet thay can thiet, true tiep tign hanh mpt sd hoat dpng dieu tra theo quy dinh ciia Bd luat nay.". Nhu vay, khi gidi quyet vy an hinh sy, KSV cd tham quyen tien hdnh mpt
sd hoat dpng dieu tra nhung viec nay chi dupe thuc hien "khi xet thay can thiSt". Tiic la, KSV cd the tien hanh hoat dpng dieu tra nhimg cd nhihig dieu kien cu the de tranh tinh trang lam quyen. Theo Dieu 14 Thong tu sd 05/2005/TTLT-VKSTC-BCA-BQP ngay 07/9/2005 c6 neu: Vien kiem sat thyc hien tham quyen tien hdnh mpt so hoat dpng dieu tra khi can thiet; bao gom: Hdi cung bi can, lay Idi khai, doi chat, thuc nghiem dieu tra.
Truoc khi tien hanh hdi cung bi can hay lay Idi khai ciia ngudi lam chirng, ngudi bi hai, nguyen don dan sy, bi don dan sy, ngudi cd quyen loi, nghia vu lien quan den vu dn, KSV can chuan bi ky luong cdc van de can hdi de chirng minh tdi pham.
Trong giai doan truy to:
Trong giai doan truy td, KSV cd vai tro trong viec giiip Vien trudng ra cdc quyet dinh td tung quan trpng. Kiem sat vien can nghien cihi ky hd so, kiem tra cac chirng cir bupc tdi, go tdi, can cii phap ly... de de xuat Vien
Thac SI, Truung Dai hoc Kiem sat Ha Noi.
So23(thang12/2014K
Tap chi _ K I £ M S A T I 1 3
THUC HAHH QUYEN C 6 N G TO, Elin SAT HOAT D 6 N G TU PHAP VA XAY DlfNG NGAKH KSND
trudng ra cdc quyet dinh sau: Truy td bi can trudc Tda dn bdng bdn cdo trang; tra hd so de dieu tra bd sung; dinh ehi hoac tam dinh chi vu an (Dieu 166).
Trong giai doan xet xd:
- Trong giai doan chuan bi xet xii, KSV can nghien ciru ky hd so de chuan bi de cuong xet hdi, ban lu|n tpi vd dac biet quan trpng la chuan bi tot cho viec tranh luan tai phien tda. Trudc khi md phien tda "Neu xet thay cd mpt trong nhimg can cii quy dinh tai Dieu 107 cua Bp luat nay hoac cd can cii de mien trach nhiem hinh sy cho bi can, bi cdo theo quy djnh tai Dieu 19, Dieu 25 vd khodn 2 Dieu 69 cua Bp luat Hinh sy, thi Vien kiem sdt nit quyet djnh truy td tnidc khi md phiSn tda va de nghi Tda an dinh chi vy an."
( D i l u l S l ) .
- Tai phien tda, KSV dong vai tro la ngudi bupc tdi. Quan diem bupc tpi cua Vien kiem sat dupe the hien bdng bdn Cdo trang va KSV la ngudi true tiep bdo ve cdo trang tai phien tda. De thyc hien tot nhiem vu nay, KSV can nam chac toan bp tien trinh dieu tra vu an vd nhiing tai lieu chiing cir cd trong hd so vu an. Viec chuan bi tdt cho viec tranh tung tai phien toa cd y nghia quan trpng anh hudng tryc tidp den chM luong thyc hanh quyen cdng td ciia KSV.
- Kiem sdt vien cd quyen quyet dinh viec nit mpt phan (hoac toan bd cdo trang) hoac ket luan ve mpt tdi khdc nhe hon tai phien tda (Dilu 221).
2. Tinh ddc lap cua Kigm sat vign trong to tung hinh su*
Khi dupe phan cdng thyc hanh quyIn cdng td va kiem sdt viec tuan theo phdp luat trong hoat dpng td tung hinh sy, KSV dupe
quySn thuc hien tat cd nhung cdng vipc thu^c thdm quyIn cua minh dupe quy dinh tai Dieu 37 BLTTHS ma khdng can phdi xin y kien chi dao ciia Vien trudng, Pho Vien truong Vien kiim sat ciing cdp. Dieu nay the hien ro tinh ddc lap ciia KSV khi tham gia viec giai quy^t vy dn hinh su. Nhung trong qud trinh giai quySt vu an, KSV phai thuong xuyen bdo cao tinh hinh, tien dp gidi quyet vu an vdi lanh dao Vien vd tham muu cho Vien trudng, Ph6 Vien trudng ban hanh cac lenh, quyet dinh thupc tham quyen cua hp. Hay ndi cdch khac, KSV sir dyng nhiing tham quyen ma BLTTHS giao cho minh de thyc hien nhung lenh, quyet dinh cua lanh dao Vien kiem sat ban hanh. Nhu vay, tinh ddc lap cua KSV chi la sy ddc lap tuong ddi, bdi le, no ludn nam trong mdi quan he qudn ly, chi dao, dieu hdnh cua Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng Vien kiem sdt Cling cdp. KSV chi sii dyng tham quyen ciia minh de thuc hien y chi, quan dilm giai quyet vu dn cua Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng thdng qua cdc lenh, quylt dinh. Tuy nhiSn, Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng khdng phdi la ngudi true tiep bam sat qua trinh giai quyet vu an, viec ra cac lenh, quylt dinh cua hp chi dua tren su bdo cao, tham muu cua KSV di£u nay cd the dan den nhiing tinh trang nhu:
Thic nhat, KSV la ngudi tryc tiSp tham gia gidi quyet vy dn nen la ngudi nam ro cac tinh tiet va nhiing yeu cau sdt thyc nhat trong viec giai quylt vy dn. Thg nhung, KSV lai khdng dupe quyen ban hanh cdc lenh, quySt dinh td tyng, ma la Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng Vi6n kiem sat. Dilu nay din ddn viec ra cdc lenh, quylt dinh td tung cd liic khdng duoc kip thai, lam anh hudng d^n tidn dp giaj quyet vu an.
Tap chi
KIEM S A T _ /S623 (thang 12/2014)
TEVfC ahnu qUYEH COHG TO. KICH SAT HOAT D0HG TU PHAP VA XAY DiyMG NGANH KSHD Thic hai, dieu ndy cd the dan den tinh
trang trdeh nhiem khdng ro rang gitra chii the ban hanh lenh, quyet dinh vdi chii the thyc hien edc lenh, quyet dinh do.
Thd- ba, khdng de cao dupe vai trd, trdch nhiem, tinh dpc l|ip ciia KSV khi dupe phan cdng tien hanh to tung.
De khac phye dupe tinh trang nay, BLTTHS edn phai sua ddi theo hudng phan dinh rd tham quyen quan ly hanh chinh tu phap (hoat dpng quan ly, chi dao, dilu hdnh cua lanh dao Vien kiem sdt nhan dan) vdi tham quyen td tyng de tang cudng tinh ddc lap cua KSV khi tham gia gidi quyet vu an.
Cu thd la:
Mot la, ddi vdi Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng Vien kiem sat nen tap trung vao nhiem vu qudn ly, chi dao, dieu hanh nhu:
Phan cdng, td chiic, chi dao va kiem tra cdc hoat dpng td tung ciia KSV; khdng nghi ban dn, quyet dinh ciia Tda an; thay ddi hoac huy bd cdc quyet dinh khdng cd can cii va trdi phap luat cua KSV; quyet djnh viec dp dung bien phap ngan chan tam giam, quyet djnh viec truy td, quyet dinh dinh chi vy dn...
Hai la, can manh dan tang tham quyen cho KSV de nSng cao tinh ddc lap, tinh trdch nhiem trong viec giai quyet vu an. Nhung cd y kien cho rang, viec tang tham quyen cho KSV phdi dya tren tieu chi nang lyc cua dpi ngii KSV nganh Kiem sat nhan dan. Bdi le, hien nay nang lyc, trinh dp ciia dpi ngii KSV khdng ddng deu neu tang tham quyen mpt each rdng rai, cao bang se anh hudng den chat lupmg cua hoat dpng td tung. Theo y kien ciia Tien si Dd Van Duong (Uy ban Tu phdp ciia Qudc hpi) thi;
- KSV so cap chi dupe thyc hien mpt sd
hoat dpng thuc hanh quyen cdng td, kiem sat dieu tra, kiem sdt xet xu theo sy phan cdng cua KSV tnmg cap, KSV cao cap;
- KSV trung cap trd len mdi dupe phan cdng thy ly chinh vy dn, co quyen phe chuan viec bat khan cap, gia han tam giu; gia ban dieu tra vy an; ap dyng cac bien phap ngan chan tni bien phap tam giam; yeu cau khoi td vy dn, yeu cau khdi td bi can hoac tryc tiep khdi td vy an, khdi td bi can yeu cau dieu tra;
quyet dinh tnmg cau gidm dinh; cap giay chiing nhan ngudi bao chiia; trd hd so de dieu tra bd sung; xu ly vat chiing.
- Kiem sat vien cao cap cd quyen han nhu KSV trung cap va giao them quyen tam dinh chi vy dn, phyc hdi truy td, chuyen vu an de dieu tra, truy td theo tham quyen.
- Kiem sat vien VKSND tdi cao se chi cdn khoang 17 ngudi, cd quyen han td tyng nhu Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng VKSND cap tinh (Quyet dinh viec bat, viec tam giam, viec truy td, quyet dinh dinh chi vu an) ddi vdi nhiing vy an do cap trung uong thy ly.
Day Id mpt quan diem cd tinh khoa hpc vd sat vdi tinh trang nang lyc, trinh dp cua dpi ngu KSV nganh Kiem sdt nhan dan hien nay.
Tuy nhien, theo quan diem ciia tdc gid, de xuat nay khdng cd tinh kha thi cao. Bdi le, no khdng phu hop vdi td chiic bp may va bd tri dpi ngii can bp ciia nganh Kiem sdt. Hien nay, d Vien kiem sat cap huyen, bien che KSV trung cap la rat it (chu y6u la Vien trudng, cdc Phd Vien trudng, bo nhiem theo ti le KSV ciia mdi Vien kiem sdt), Vi vay, neu quy dinh nhu tren, trdch nhiem giai quylt cac vy an don vao dpi ngii lanh dao Vien; KSV so cap chi lam mot sd cdng viec dupe giao.
Sd 23 {thang 12/2014K
Tap chi
„KIEMSAT I 1 5
THiyC HAHH QUY£H C 6 N G Td, KI^M SAT HOAT B0NG TU PHAP VA XAY DITNG NGANH KSND
Dilu nay lam giam vai trd cua KSV tai cdc Vien kiim sat cdp huyen.
Vi vay, chi khi ndo bien che d mdi cap kiim sat cd tdt ca cdc loai KSV (KSV so cdp, KSV trung cdp, KSV cao cdp) mdi cd thi thuc hien dupe y kien de xudt tren. Chinh vi vay, tdc gia d l xuat chi can quy dinh chung theo hudng tang cho KSV mpt sd tham quyIn td tyng phu hpp vdi mat bang chung v l nang lyc, trinh dp ciia dpi ngii KSV nganh Kiim sdt nhan dan. Nhu vay, viia the hien dupe vj tri, vai tro ciia KSV trong td tung hinh sy, vira lam gidm bdt ganh nang cho lanh dao cac cdp Kiem sat.
3. Kien nghi sua doi hoan thi|n mdt so dieu luat trong BLTTHS nhdm nang cao vai trd, trach nhiem ciia KSV trong hoat dpng to tung hinh su
Ve noi dung Dieu 37 Bo luat To tung hinh sit:
Khoan 4 Dieu 103 quy djnh: "Vien kiem sat cd trach nhiem kiem sat viec gidi quy8t cua Ca quan dieu tra ddi vdi td giac, tin bdo ve tdi pham va kien nghj khdi td". Trong thyc te, KSV la ngudi dupe phan cdng lam cdng tdc kiem sdt viec gidi quyet td gidc, tin bao ve tpi pham va kien nghi khcri to. Tuy nhien, hien nay khodn 1 Dieu 37 BLTTHS chua quy dinh cho KSV tien hdnh kiem sdt viee gidi quyet td giac, tin bdo ve tdi pham va kien nghi khdi td ciia Co quan dilu tra.
Ngoai ra, Vien kiem sat cdn kiem sat viec gidi quyet td gidc, tin bdo v l tdi pham vd kien nghi khdi td cua Cac co quan dupe giao tien hanh mpt sd hoat dpng dilu tra (Dilu 111). Theo quy dinh tai Dilu 112:"...
khi xet thay can thiet, true tilp tiln hanh mpt sd hoat dpng dieu tra theo quy dinh cua
Bd luat nay". Nhu vay, KSV ciing cd tham quyIn tiln hanh mpt sd ho^t dpng dieu tra.
Tuy nhien, Dilu 37 BLTTHS chua quy dinh ve thdm quyIn nay. Ben canh dd, de dam bdo tinh ddc lap cua KSV nhu phan tich d phan tren, cdn bd sung cho hp nhieu tham quyen td tung hon niia.
Tir nhung phdn tich tren, tac gid de xuat siia ddi, bd sung Dieu 37 BLTTHS nam 2003 nhu sau:
"Dieu 37. Nhi^m vu, quy^n han va trach nhiem ciia Kiem sat vien
1. Kiem sdt vien duoc phan cdng thuc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sdt viec tuan theo phdp luat trong hoat dpng td tyng ddi vdi vu an hinh sy cd nhumg nhiem vu va quyen han sau day:
a) Kiem sdt viec gidi quyet to gidc, tin bdo ve toi pham vd kien nghi khai to cua Co quan dieu tra, cdc co quan duac giao tien hdnh mot so ho(it dong dieu tra:
h) Kiim sat viec khdi td, kiim sat cac hoat dpng dieu tra va viee lap hd so vy an cua Co quan dieu tra, cdc co quan duoc giao tien hdnh mot so hoat dong dieu tra;
c) De ra yeu edu dieu tra khi xet thay cdn thiet, true tiep tien hdnh mot so hoat dong dieu tra theo quy dinh cua Bo luat nay;
d) Quyet dinh dp dung, thay doi, huy bo cdc bi^n phdp ngan chan (trit bien phdp tam giam); quyet dinh gia han dieu tra; quyet dinh gia han tam gilt, tam giam; yeu cau Co quan dieu tra truy nd bi can;
d) Quyet dinh trung cau gidm dinh; quyet dinh xu ly vat chirng;
e) Quyet dinh cdp, thu hoi giay chung nhan nguoi bdo chita;
..."•
Tap chi , 1 6 I KIEM SAT /^23(thJng12/2014)
