Sochuyen de ve Thi hanh an dan sir ton dgng
VAI TRO CUA BAN CHI DAO THI HANH AN DAN SIT TRONG GIAI QUYET VIEC THI HJINH AN DAN SIT TlJN BONG
I L E T U A N S O N *
T
hi hanh an dan sir la qua trinh cd quan thi hanh an dan sU, chap hanh vien thi hanh day dii, kjp thdi cac ban an, quyet dinh ve dan sir cd hieu lUc phap luat cOa Tda an theo trinh t u thii tuc do phap luat quy (Snh. Yeu cau thuc thi cae ban an, quyel djnh ciia Tda an duoc quy dinh tai Dieu 136, Hien phap 1992 (sifa doi, bo sung nam 2001): "Cac ban an va quyet djnh eua Tda an da co hieu luc phap luat phai dUde cac ca quan nha nude, td chirc kinh te, td chirc xa hoi, cac ddn vj vti trang nhan dan ton Irong; nhung ngudi va ddn vj hiiu quan phai nghiem chinh chap hanh". De dam bao hieu luc, hieu qua thi hanh an, phap luat quy djnh cu the ehiirc nang, nhiem vu ciia co quan Ihl hanh an dan su va chap hanh vien; trach nhiem ciia cac co quan, td chirc, ca nhan lien quan trong viec chi dao, giam sat, kiem tra, phdi hdp trong boat ddng thi hanh an dan su. Tuy nhien, Ihuc lien cdng tac Ihi hanh an dan su cho thay ben canh nhiJng ban an, quye't dinh dugc thi hanh hieu qua, thi cung cdn nhi/ng ban an, quyet djnh hay nhiing viec thi hanh an "ton dgng"i do tinh khdng kha Ihi cua ban an, quye't dinh, do khong cd dieu kien thi hanh; viec cd dieu kien thi hanh nhung chua the thi hanh vi tinh chat phirc tap, sir chdng ddi cua duong sU, viec td chil'c thi hanh anh hudng den den an ninh, chinh In, trat tuan toan xa hgi d dja phuong, khdng cd sudong thuan, phdi hdp khdng hieu qua, sU can thiep trai phap luat ciia eac cd quan, td chirc, ca nhan lien quan hoSe nhi]mg viec khdng the thi hanh. Vi vay de giai quyet nhimg viec thi hanh an dan su ton dong, ddi hoi phai cd su thammuu, chi dao thdng nhat, sUtham gia, phdi hdp hieu qua cua eac cd quan, td chirc, ca nhan lien quan, trong do cd Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su
1. Khai quat ve to chUc va hoat dong cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan s u
To chirc va boat ddng ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su gan vdi dau mdc chuyen giao cdng tac quan ly Ihi hanh an dan sU tir Tda an nhan dan sang Chinh phii theo Nghi quyet ngay 6/10/1992 cua Qude hgi Khoa IX, theo dd. Ban Chi cfao ban giao cdng tac Ihi hanh an dUde thanh lap de ehi dao viec ban giao cdng lac thi hanh an dan s u d dja phUdng.
De tang cudng hieu qua cdng lac thi hanh an dan sU, tai Chi thi so 20/2001/CT-TTg ngay 11/9/2001, Thu tudng Chinh phii da chi dao: "Chu tich Uy ban nhan dan cac tinh, thanh pho true thudc trung Udng thanh lap Ban Chi dao thi hanh an cap tinh, cap huyen, do Chii lich hoae Phd Chii tjch Uy ban nhan dan ciing cap lam Trudng ban de ehi dao cdng tac thi hanh an lai dia phUdng". Tren ed sd chi dao cua Thu lUdng Chinh phii, Bg trudng Bo Tu phap da ban hanh Quyel dinh so 96/2002/QD-BTP ngay 22/3/2002, ban hanh "Quy che mau ve td chil'c va boat dong cOa Ban Chi dao Ihi hanh an dan su cap tinh, huyen", Iheo do. Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU cd chire nang "tham mUu va giiip Chu tich Uy baanhan dan ciing cap trong viec ehi dao cong tae thi hanh an dan su^ td ehOc phdi hop eac co quan, ddn vj hiru quan vdi cd quan thi hanh an tai d{a phUdng".
Tiep do. tai Chi thj sd 21/2008/CT-TTg ngay 01/7/2008
* Tong cue Thi hanh dn ddn sif. Bg Tirphdp
Dan chCi & Phap luat I D
So chuyen de ve Thi hanh an dan su ton dgng
"ve viec tiep luc ISng cudng va nang cao hieu qua cong lac thi hanh an dan sU", ThO tUdng Chfnh phd ti6'p tuc chi dao: "Ban Chi dao thi hanh an c^c cSp lam tot cdng t^c tham mUu giiip Chii tich Oy ban nhSn dSn ciing cap va cap tren tang cudng sU chi dao phdi hop trong cdng tac thi hanh an dan sU"
Ngay 14/11/2008, Qudc hdi thdng qua Luat Thi hanh an dan sUva Nghi quyet ve viee thi hanh Luat nay, tiep tuc lao cd sd phap ly quan trong cho td ehifc va boat ddng cOa Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU. Theo Dieu 173 va Dieu 174, Luat Thi hanh an dan sU nSm 2008, Oy ban nhan dan cap tinh va Oy ban nhan dan cap huyen c6 nhiem vy, quyen han trong cdng tac thi hanh an dan sU la Chi dao viec td chifc phdi hdp cac cd quan cd lien quan trong thi hanh an dan su tren dia ban va ehi dao viec td ehiTe cUdng che Ihi hanh cac vu an Idn, phirc tap, cd anh hudng ve an ninh, chinh tn, trat tU an loan xa hdi d dia phuong theo de nghi ciia Thii tnidng co quan thi hanh an dan sUcap tinh, cap huyen.
De thue thi nhiem vu, quy§n han tren, Nghi djnh sd 74/2009/ND-CP ngay 09/9/2009 ciia Chinh phu quy djnh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mdt sd dieu ciia Luat Thi hanh an dan sUve cd quan quan ly thi hanh an dan su, Cd quan Ihi hanh an dan sir va cong chifc lam cdng tac thi hanh an dan sir da quy dinh: Oy ban nhan dan tinh, thanh phd tnTc thudc trung Udng, Oy ban nhan dan huyen, quan, thi xa, thanh pho thudc tinh thanh lap Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU de tham muu cho Chu tich Oy ban nhan dan ciing cap chi dao viec to chifc cudng che thi hanh cac vu an Idn, phUc tap, cd anh hudng ve an ninh, chinh In, trat tU an toan xa hdi b dia phUdng theo de nghi ciia Thu trudng co quan thi hanh an dan sU eiing ca'p Thanh phan Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU gdm: Trudng Ban chi dao la Chu tjch hoac 01 Phd Chu tjch Oy ban nhan dan; Phd Tru6ng Ban chi dao la Thii trudng cd quan thi hanh an dan sU ciing cap, Cac liy vien gdm: Dai dien lanh dao co quan tU phap, cdng an,
tai chinh, tai nguyen va mdi trudng, dai dien lanh dao cd quan Toa an nhSn dan va Mat Iran To quoc cung cap va de phii hop v6i d i l u kien ciia timg dia phUdng, trong trudng hop c i n thiet, Chii tich Oy ban nhSn dSn cap tinh, c^p huySn cd the mdi dai dien cac cd quan lien quan khac lam liy vien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sir.
Tren cd sd cac quy dinh neu tren, Bo TU phap da phdi hop vdi Bo Cdng an, Bo Tai chinh, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao, Vi&n Kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao ban hanh Thong tu lign tich sd 1 hudng d i n hoat ddng ciia Ban Chi dao Thi hanh ^n dSn sU 2, quy dinh cu the ve chirc nSng, nhiSm vu, quyen han; viee thdnh lap, thanh phan;
nguyen t^c hoat ddng, che do lam viee, che do thdng tin, bao cao; quan h^ cdng tac va kinh phi hoat ddng ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sir, tao dieu kien cho wee kien loan, nang eao hieu qua hoat dong ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU.
2. Vai tro cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU trong viec giai quyet viec thi hanh an dan sU ton dgng
Can eir cac quy dinh ciia Luat Thi hanh an dan si/va cac van ban quy pham phap luat lien quan, Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU d cac dia phuOng da dUBc thanh lap, kien toan, nham tham muU giiip Uy ban nhan dan ciing cap trong viec chi dao, td chife phdi hop cac co quan c6 hen quan trong cong tac thi hanh an dan sU va chi dao viec td chiJrc cu9ng che thi hanh cac vy an Idn, phiiC tap, c6 anh hu6ng ve an ninh, chinh tn, trat tu an toan xa hoi b dia phuong theo de nghj eua ThQ trudng co quan thi hanh an dan su cung cap. Tren cd sd chirc nang, nhiem vu duoc giao. Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU ed vai tro quan trong trong viee giai quyet cac viec thi hanh an dan su tdn dong.
Thi^nhat, giiip ChCi tjch Oy ban nhan dan ciing cap trong viec phan loai, danh gia dung tinh chat phOt: tap, dieu kien td chiJfc thi hanh ddi vdi nhi/ng viec tdn dgng.
Viec phan loai nay co y nghia quan trong trong viec tim
E i Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
Sochuyen de ve Thi hanh an dan six ton dgng
ra nguyen nhan, bien phap phii hdp, dieu kien kha thi de td chifc thUc hien cd hieu qua cae vi§c ton dong, phCfc tap va chua dUdc thi hanh dirt diem. De thUe hien vai tro nay, cd quan thi hanh an dan sU thudng tham muu de Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU hop dinh ky hang thang, hang quy de kiem diem, danh gia hoat ddng cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sif; trien khai ke hoach thi hanh an hoac cac dot thi hanh an cao <Sem va cho y kien ve mot sd vu viec cu the duoc phan loai la phirc tap, khd thi hanh.
Thiihai, giiip ChO tjch Oy ban nhan dan ciing cap tn^ng viec chi dao thi hanh cac viec thi hanh an dan su ton dong, nhat la chi dao eUdng che thi hanh an ddi vdi cac vu an Idn, anh hudng de'n quyen va loi ich hdp phap eua duong su, co tfnh cha't phirc tap, dUdng su can trd, chd'ng ddi viee thi hanh an. ThUe te cdng tac thi hanh an dan su cho thay, khi co nhiJmg viec thi hanh an dan su vudng mac, phirc lap, nhay cam, anh hudng de'n tinh hinh an ninh, chinh tn d dia phuong, dac biet la cae vu viec phai td chifc eUdng che, Ihi co quan thi hanh an dan sudeu bao cao kip thdi Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su cho y kien, trinh Chii tich Oy ban nhan dan xem xet, quyet <^nh. Tren cd sd y kien tham mUu ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU.va khi cd sudong thuan cao cOa cac thanh vien, thi viee xir ly, cudng che ddi vdi cae viec tdn dgng duoc tien hanh thuan Igi, dat ket qua.
Thitba, giup Chii tich Oy ban nhan dan Irong viec chi dao, phdi hop, bao dam cac dieu kien, ngudn luc phuc vu cho cdng tae thi hanh an dan sU ndi chung, xir ly viee thi hanh an dan su ton dgng ndi rieng. ThUc te eho thay, do thanh vien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU la cac lanh dao eiia eac ed quan, ban, nganh tren dja ban (cd quan lU phap, cdng an, tai chinh. Mat tran To q u d c . ) nen y kien ciia cac thanh vien cd y nghia quan trong, quyet dinh den hieu qua thi hanh an dan su, nhat la trong viee thdng nhat quan diem chi dao, hd tro kinh phi, luc luong, phuong tien tham gia bao ve va td chife
cUdngchethi hanh an.
Danh gia vai trd ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU trong thdi gian qua cd the thay rang, ve eo ban. Ban Chi dao Ihi hanh an dan sir cac cap da thuc hien diing chifc nang,. nhiem vu, quyen han dugc giao, Tif khi duac thanh lap, nhieu Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU hoat ddng cd nen nep, phat huy vai trd quan trong trong viec tham muu eho cap uy Dang, ehi'nh quyen va gan ket, huy ddng dUdc su tham gia, "chung tay" ciia cac ban, nganh dja phuong trong cdng tac thi hanh an dan su Hoat ddng ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su da lam chuyen bien mot budc ve nhan thirc ciia cac cap uy Oang, chinh quyen, nang cao y thifc chap hanh phap luat cua cae ed quan nha nUdc, cae td chirc kinh te, xa hdi, doan the quan chung va cdng dan, han che nhOmg tieu cue, VI pham ciia chap hanh vien; gdp phan giam tai cac viee tdn dgng, khieu nai phirc tap trong nhieu nam va thao gd nhimg khd khSn cho eo quan thi hanh an dan su (cd trudng hdp de giai quyet viec ton dong, Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su da tham muu trinh cap ed tham quyen hd trd kinh phi, lao dieu kien cap dat, tao dung noi d eho dUdng sU). Vdi sutham muu ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sir, cac cd quan thi hanh an dan su da nhan duoc hd trd kinh phi, cap dat xay di/ng tru sd, kho vat chi^g va eac dieu kien dam bao eho cdng tac thi hanh an dan sU
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhting ket qua dat dugc, b mot sd dia phuong. Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su c h i ^ phat huy dugc vai trd chu dgng tham muu cho ChCi tjch Oy ban nhan dan giai quyet viee thi hanh an dan sU ton dgng. Cae thanh vien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su chii yeu la kiem nhiem, it c6 thdi gian danh cho cdng tac thi hanh an dan sU, khd phan cong trach nhiem eu the va khdng cd co che xur ly khi cac thanh vien khdng hoan thanh nhiem vu, nen trong nhieu trudng hdp, boat dgng cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU cdn md nhat, hinh thire, khdng hieu qua, ndi dung boat ddng ehay theo
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt I
So chuyen de ve Thi hanh an dan six ton dgng
nhimg vu viec cu the. 6 mdt sd nOi, do ehUa nhan thifc diing dugc tam quan trong ciia cdng tac thi hanh an dan sU nen hoat dgng cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dSn sU chii yeu van la boat dgng cCia cac co quan tu phap va CO quan thi hanh an dan sUcung cap, v! vSy chua thUc sU phat huy duOc sifc manh ciia hd thd'ng cac co quan nha nudc, su tham gia eiia cac co quan, td chirc lidn quan trong cdng lae thi hanh an dan sU. Vi$c thuc hien vai trd ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU eung phai tren co sd cac quy dinh eiia phap luat, vi vSy trong nhieu viec thi hanh an dan sutdn dong do nhCfng vudng mac, bat cap ve the che va nhimg ly do khach quan khac, Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su cung gSp khd khan trong viec tham muu, giai quyet hoac chi thuc hien dupe vai tro ciia minh thdng qua viec kien nghj, de nghj CO quan cd tham quyen xem xet (vi dy nhU de nghj Tda an nhan dan tdi eao, Vien Kiem sat nhan dan toi cao xem xet lai ban an, quyet djnh theo trinh tu giam dd'c tham). Trong mdt sd vu viee eu the. Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU eon can thiep sau vao nghiep vu thi hanh an, chi dao tam di/ng thi hanh an, nhat la nhiimg viec ma ngudi phai thi hanh an la cd quan nha nudc, to chirc kinh te, to chirc xa hgi, lam cho viec thi hanh an tiep tuc keo dai, dUdng sU khieu nai gay gat. Mdi sd co quan thi hanh an dan sU, chap hanh vien do han che ve nghiep vu, so trach nhiem nen cd tam ly lay Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su la noi de "xin y kien, thdng nhat quan diem", dan den cd nhieu viec thi hanh an dan su cd kha nSng tU giai quyet duge nhung van dua ra xin y kien, hoac ca biet c6 vy viec chap hanh vien cdn tham mUu dua ra xin y kien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU vdi mue dich tri hoan, keo dai viec thi hanh an dan sU.
De khac phuc nhimg tdn lai, ban che va nang cao hieu qua boat dong cua Ban Chi dao Ihi hanh an dan su, cac cap u^ Dang dja phuong can thudng xuyen lanh dao, chi dao, kiem tra, kjp thdi chan chinh hoat ddng, le Idi lam viee cua Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU. Ve phia
Oy ban nhSn dan cSip tinh, cap huyen can nhan Ihut diing t i m quan trong ciia viee thanh lap Ban Chi dao till hanh an d§n s u d i tham mUu cho ChO tich U^ ban nhan dan trong viSc ehi dao, phdi hop cac co quan, td chijt lidn quan trong cdng tac thi hanh an dan sir Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dSn sU cac cap can phai IhUdng xuySn danh gia, riit kinh ngh!§m trong hoat ddng; nang cao chat lupng tham muu; thudng xuydn kilm tra co quan thi hanh ^n dan sif trong viec thuc hidn cac quy dinh phap luat ve thi hanh an dan sU. Cac thanh vien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan suc^n nang cao trach nhi^m, nhanMc dung lam quan trong ciia vide giai quyet an dSn suton dong, gdp phin thuc hidn nhiem vu chinh trj tai dia phUdng. Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU cap tinh can thudng xuydn giao ban, kiem tra, giam sat hoat dong ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sir cap huyen de Idp thdi chan chinh, phdi hpp hieu qua trong viec giai quy^
viec thi hanh an dan su tdn dong, gop phan giam thieu cac khieu nai, td cao vupt cap. Ve phia cae cd quan ttii hanh an dan su, can lam tot cong tac tham mUU cho Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan su trong viec xay dung quy che phdi hpp vdi cac cd quan, to chirc lien quan, phan cong trach nhiem li/ng thanh vien; kip thdi cung cd, kien toan Ban Chi dao Ihl hanh an dan su; xay dung chudng trinh, ke hoach hoat ddng dinh ky ciia Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan sU. thudng xuyen ra soat. phan loai dung cac viec tdn dong, phirc tap de dua ra xin y kien Ban Chi dao thi hanh an dan suvaphd'i hpp vdi cac co quan, td chirc lien quan trong viec tuyen truyen, phd bien, giao due phap luat ve ihi hdnh an dan su, nham nang cao y thirc chap hanh phap luat... Q
1. yiec thi hinh an dSn su tdn dong' trong pham vi bai Viet ndy duoc hiiu /a nhi/ng viec thi tiinh an mi cO quan ""
hinh in din su ctiua thS thi hinh hoSc khong thS ttii hanh dupe theo dOng ndi dung ban an, quyel dinh cOa Tda an va trinh tu. thii tuc phap luit quy dinh.
2. Thdng tucd hiiu luc tC/ngiy 30/9/2011.
