GIAI THICH, THUYET PHUC
BIEN PHAP HANG DAU TRONG THI HANH AN DAN SIT
C
d quan thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu dUdc thanh lap theo Quye't dinh 997/QD-BQP ngay 05/4/2010 cua Bo Qud'c phdng ve viec dieu chuyen Thi hanh an thuoc Bo Tu lenh Thu do Ha Noi ve tnic thuoc Bo Tong Tham mUu. La cd quan tnic thuoc Bo Tong Tham mUu, chiu sii quan Iy, chi dao cua Thil trUdng Bo Tdng tham mUu; tnic tie'p td chdc thi hanh ban an, quyet dinh cua Toa an Quan sii xet xif va cac ban an do cd quan thi hanh an khac uy thac de'n; ngoai thiic hien to chute thi hanh cac vu an dUdng sii phai thi hanh an cU tni, co tru sd tren dia ban TP. Ha Noi, Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu con thiic hien to chiic thi hanh cac dUdng sii phai thi hanh an cU tni hoac cd tru sd tren cac tinh, thanh khac tren ca nUdc; khdng chi thiic hien nhiem vu chuyen mdn nghiep vu, Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu cdn thiic hien nhiem vu quan sii qud'c• NGUYEN VAN CHINH *
phdng... nen viec td chiic ddn ddc thi hanh gap rat nhieu khd khan.
La mot trong chin ddn vi trong Nganh Thi hanh an dan sii trong quan doi, ddng quan tai trung tam TP. Ha Npi, Thu do ciia ca nUdc; trung tam van hoa, kinh te, chinh tri, mat do dan so' ddng, trinh do dan trf cao nhUng ben canh dd ciing la
"diem nong" cua cac te nan xa hoi; ndi tinh hinh toi pham dien ra phdc tap va da dang tren moi linh viic cua ddi sdng xa hoi, vi vay, hang nam Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu phai thu ly va td chiic thi hanh mot so' lifdng an ldn ve tien, gia tri tai san, vu viec thi hanh phiic tap, lien quan den nhieu ngUdi, nhieu cap, nhieu nganh, d nhieu dia phUdng. Rieng nam 2010, Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu da thu ly tien, gia tri tai san chie'm hdn 50% va to' chitc thi hanh chie'm 35,6%/tdng so'an phai thi hanh trong toan quan.
Doi tUdng phai thi hanh cua
Nganh Thi hanh an dan sii trdng quan doi ndi chung va Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu ndi neng phan ldn la cac bi cao trong cac vu an hinh sii, dang phai chap hanh hinh phat tu trong cac trai giam, trai tam giam hoac tuy da chap hanh xong hinh phat tii nhUng khdng cd tai san, thu nhap de thi hanh hoac da bd di khdi ndi cU tni khdng xac dinh dUdc dia chf, ndi cU tni cua dUdng sii.
Tfnh den thdi diem ngay 30/9/2010, trong so'an cdn phai thi hanh cd 76,4% thuoc loai an dan sii trong hinh sii; 11%
thuoc loai an dan sii; 9,8%
thuoc loai an cap dUdng hon nhan gia dinh; 2,8% thupc loai an khac. Trong dd, an thuoc dien chUa co dieu kien de thi hanh chie'm tren 70% tong so' an phai thi hanh.
Doi ngti nhiing ngUdi lam cdng tac thi hanh an chat lUdng va kinh nghiem khong deu, so' can bo tre chUa qua kinh nghiem, thiic te chie'm tren 50% phan nao anh hUdng
den hieu qua boat dong thi hanh an. Nam 1993, khi cong tac thi hanh an dan sii tach td Toa an, Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu dUdc bien checd 04 sy quan, ngoai thiic hien nhiem vu theo chdc trach, cdn phai kiem nhiem cac nhiem vu khac nhu ke' toan, thdng ke, thu kho, thu quy...; khdng chi thiic hien nhiem vu chuyen mon cdn thiic hien nhiem vu quan sU qudc phdng. Hien tai quan so' dUdc bien che' la 07, cd 04 chap hanh vien (trong dd 02 la chap hanh vien mdi dUdc bo nhiem); trinh do doi ngii can bo cd: 85,7% da tdt nghiep dai hoc, 14,3% dang theo hoc chUdng trinh cif nhan (quan sd theo bien che cua ddn vi); 100%
can bo cd pham chat dao difc tot, loi sdng trong sach lanh manh, cd nang liic cong tac td't, yeu nganh.
Vdi dac diem va dieu kien khd khan nhu tren, nhUng nam 2010, Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham mUu da to chiic giai quye't thi hanh an dat 96,5% ve viec, 90,5% sd tien, gia tri tai san quy tien, trong dd thi hanh xong hoan toan dat 79% tren tong so' an cd dieu kien thi hanh (vUdt chi tieu ciia Nganh de ra), Cong tac giao nhan, bao quan va x\i ly
vat chiing, tai san ke bien dam bao chat che, diing trinh tii, thu tuc diing phap luat dat hieu qua: khdng cd ddn thU khieu nai, tdcao de'n hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua thu trUdng cd quan thi hanh an va chap himh vien, can bo lam cdng tac thi hanh an. Mac dii cd sd viec thi hanh an nhieu va phiic tap, sd'lUdng thu tien, tai san cd gia tri ldn. Song de'n nay, chUa xay ra nhting sai sdt ve nghiep vu, khdng cd hien tUdng tieu ciic tham d tai siin hay mat mat vat chifng, tai san vu an.
Cd ket qua tren do nhieu nguyen nhan, nhUng trUdc het cd sii quan tarn chi dao sau sac ciia Dang uy, Thu trUdng Bo Tong Tham mUu; Dang uy, Thil trUdng Cue Thi hanh an Bo Qud'c phdng, sii phdi hdp giiip dd ciia cua cac cd quan, ddn vi, cac to chifc, doan the va nhan dan trong va ngoai quan doi, sii nd liic phan da'u, doan ket thong nhat cua toan the can bo, nhan vien trong cd quan.
Hoat dong thi hanh an dan sU la cdng viec tac dong tnic tiep den quyen va ldi ich ve vat chat, tmh than, de'n danh dii, uy tin ciia ngUdi phai thi hanh an va gia dinh ho. Qua trinh to
chiic thi himh an gap rat nhieu khd khan, chap himh x-ien, can bo thi hanh an phai true tiep gitii thich, thuyet phuc nhieu dd'i tudng. Do do. ddi hdi chti'p hanh vien, can bo thi htinh tin phai cd trinh do ly luan ve chinh tri, kinh te xa hoi, nam viing nghiep vu chuyen mdn, cd kmh nghiem hoat dong thiic tien, tinh than trach nhiem cao, kien quye't, kien tri, sang tao, kha nang x\L ly tot cac tinh hud'ng trong qua trinh thifc hien nhiem vu. Chinh vi vay, khi quyet dinh lifa chon bien phap thi hanh an cd quan thi hanh an phtii bet siic than trong, tuan thii diing cac quy dinh ciia phap luat.
Nhiing ngUdi dUdc thi hanh an va ngu'di phtii thi hanh an la nhifng ngUdi bat dong vdi nhau ve tai san, tinh cam... da phtii dua nhau ra Toa an de tranh tung. Vi vay, khi giai quyet nhiing bat dong nay khdng ddn gian. Qua trinh to chifc thi hanh an. Thi hanh an Bo Tdng Tham mUu da van dung linh hoat cac nguyen tac, phUdng cham ve thi hanh an.
Ilia chon phUdng phap thfch hdp. Mot trong nhiing phUdng phap nghiep vu hang dau cd y nghia quye't dinh de'n hieu qua cdng tac thi hanh an, dd la
phUdng phap giai thich. thuyet phuc.
Thiic hien phUdng phap giai thfch, thuyet phuc la de dUdng sU tu nguyen thiic hien nghia vu cua minh, cd quan thi himh an ludn coi day la bien phap nghiep vu hang dau, chu ye'u cd y nghia quye't dinh de'n hieu quti cdng tac thi hanh an diin sii, ddng thdi qua giai thich, thuyet phuc nham nang cao nhan thdc phap luat va y thdc chap hanh phap luat cua ngUdi phai tbl hanh an va nhting ngUdi cd lien quan; han che tha'p nhat sd vu viec phai cUdng che thi hanh an, phii hdp vdi ban chat chfnh tri cua Nha nUdc ta la lay giai thi'ch, thuyet phuc la chfnh, viec ciidng che' chi la han hifu, bat dac di. Diiy la phUdng thiic thi hanh an ft tdn kem nha't de'n cac ldi fch chung cua xii hoi, va ldi ich cua dUdng sii nhUng hieu qua dat dUdc cao.
Qua trinh to chuc thi hanh tin, Thi hanh an Bo Td'ng Tham muu da chii dong, tfch ciic tim bien phap de thi hanh ctic vu viec theo diing phap luat, khdng Id la hoac tim each tri hoan viec thi hanh tin, y lai hoac trdng chd vao cd quan khac. Tranh thu sii hd trd, giiip dd cua to chifc Dang, chfnh
quyen dia phudng, td chifc quan chiing, than nhiin gia dinh ngUdi phai thi himh an.
ndi tnic tiep quan ly con ngUdi vii tai san cua ho... the hien rd ttic phong cdng tac, phuOng phiip ifng xd, y thiic giidng mau cua can bo Itim cong ttic thi hanh an: ludn ton trong quyen til dinh doat ciia diidng sii trong thi hanh an dan sii.
DUdng sii khong chi cd quyen dinh doat viec liini ddn yeu ciiu de nghi cd quan thi htinh im dUa btin an, quyet dinh ra thi hanh theo diing quyet dinh cua btin an ma ho cdn tii quyet dinh ve nhieu van de khac lien quan den viec thi hanh an, ho cd quyen thoil thuan vdi nhau ve noi dung, thdi gian, dia diem va phUdng thdc thi hanh tin. Cd quan thi hanh an luon tdn trong sU thoa thuan cua ho vti to chifc thi hanh an theo diing noi dung dUdng sii dii thoa thuan, chi khi ho khong tii nguyen thi hanh diing noi dung thoa thuan, hoac thoa thuan trai vdi phap luat, dao ddc xa hoi, thi cd quan thi hanh an mdi thi hanh theo noi dung quyet dinh cua ban an.
De thuyet phuc ngudi phai thi hanh an tii nguyen thi hanh, chap himh vien, can bo lam cdng tac thi hanh an da
nam vung vu viec ma mmh dang gitii quyet, ctic dtic diem, dac thu ciia tii'ng lotii tin cu the nhu tin dtin sif, hinh sif, kinh le... hieu rd ciic dac diem ve ban thiin ngu'di phai ihi himh tin ve do tudi, gidi tinh, trinh do, nghe nghiep, chiic vu...;
hoim ctinh gia dinh, bd, me, vd, con, anh, chi, em, truyen thong gia dinh, ddng ho; hoan canh kinh te nhU nha ciia, cac loai tai san, thu nhap...; dac diem tiim ly, tinh ctim, niem vui, noi budn, thai do ddi vdi viec thi hiinh lin; cac dtic didm ve diin toe, tdn giao, phong tuc, tiip quan, vim hda, truyen thdng, gia dinh de thuyet phuc thiin nhan ciia ngUdi phiii thi himh an thiic hien nghia vu thay;
thdng qua liinh dtio cua cO quan, td chdc ndi ngUdi phiii tbl hanh im dang cdng tac, sinh hoat. Vdi trUdng hdp ngUdi phtii thi hanh an la phiip nhan, td chdc phai nam chac cd che thanh lap, to chdc, quan ly hoat dong, chdc nang nhiem vu, ngiinh nghe kinh doanh, tinh hinh boat dong phtit trien, kha nang tai chfnh cua ho va ngUdi dting diiu phap nhtin do, nam chac tinh hinh ve moi mat cua doanh nghiep, thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong. ly do ho phai thi hanh.
.Vloi mdt viec thi himh tin khac nhau, co cac bien phap thuyet phuc khac nhau nhUng til' thiic tien cdng tac thi hanh an, trong thuyet phuc lam cho ho thiiy dUdc tii nguyen thi hanh se tiet kiem dUdc thdi gian, cong siic, tien bac cua Nha nUdc va cua chfnh ciic ben diidng sii. tninh gay cang thang, gidt dUdc hoa khf giiia cac ben diidng sU, bao dam doan ket trong noi bo nhan dan, tao sii ddng thuan trong xa hoi. Gitii thich, thuyet phuc la bien phap dUOc chap hanh vien, ctin bo thi htinh tin ludn xtic dinh la nhiem vu trong tam, dUdc ap dung ddi vdi moi vu viec va trong sud't qua trinh to chdc tbl hanh im. TrUdc khi tien hanh don ddc thi hanh an, chiip hanh vien, cim bo thi hiinh till phiii nghien cdu hd sd de nam vu'ng tinh tiet ciia vu an, nhiing dac diem ve nhiin than, dieu kien kinh te cua ngifdi phai thi hanh tin va than nhtin trong gia dinh ho, phong tuc, tap quan cua dia phUdng ndi ngUdi phai thi hanh tin cU tru, lam viec. Phtii chutin bi diiy du gia'y td tai lieu, du kien Ciic tinh hudng cd the xtiy ra va phUdng tin ydi ly. Mdi dUdng sii cd dieu kien, hoan ctinh, trinh do nhan thdc, thai do, y thdc
chti'p himh phtip luat khiic nhau nen phai co phUdng phap. each thUc thuyet phuc phu hop vdi dieu kien, hoan Clinh cua tung du'Ong sii, khong the ap dung cdng nhac vdi moi trudng hop. Trong viec thuyet phuc, phai the hien sii Men quyet nhung phai kien tri, mem deo. cd ly, cd tinh de dUdng sii nhan rd trach nhiem va tii nguyen thi hanh.
Gitii thi'ch cho ho tha'y tac hai khong til nguyen thi hanh tin linh hifdng vii thiet hai tnic ticp den ngUdi phai thi hanh tin nhil: Mat danh dii va uy tin ban than, cua ngiidi than va gia dinh trong cac mdi quan he vdi xdm lang, phd'phUdng, anh em, be ban hoac khach hang;
phtii chiu Itii suat chain thi htinh, chiu moi chi phf cUd'ng che va neu vu viec bi keo dai thi chi phf cifdng che cang ldn;
khi bi cudng che ma chdng doi viec tbl hanh an gay mat trat tu tri an mnh va an toan xa hoi thi CO the dan de'n hau quti xa'u khdn ludng: ne'u da bi ke bien tiii san thi ngUdi phtii thi hanh van cd the tu nguyen thi hanh bang each nop tien de tra lai tai stin, cdn neu de cd quan thi hanh an ban da'u gia thi thiet hai ddi vdi ngu'di phai thi hanh an cimg ldn, vi nhieu ly do
khac nhau mil gia ban tin stin bi tha'p hon so vdi giti tri thu'c.
Dac biet doi vdi ngudi phai thi hanh an dang chap himh hinh phat tu nhUng khdng cd tiii san. thu nhap de thi hiinh.
Qua trinh giai quyet, Thi himh an Bo Tdng Tham muu da tranh thu sif hd trd giup dd cua chi'nh quyen dia phifdng. cd quan to chu'c ndi dUdng sU cU tru, lam viec, ban be, ngUdi thtin trong gia dinh hd trd thi hanh vdi truyen tho'ng thUdng yeu, giup dd nhau trong luc hoan nan, ddng thdi thuyet phuc ngUdi duqc thi himh tin thoa thuan. tao dieu kien cho viec thi hanh an dam bao hieu quti.
Cd quan thi hanh an dii phoi ho'p td't chfnh sach khoan hdng cua Dang va Nha nUo'c ddi vdi ngifdi bi ket an hinh sii chap htinh td't nghia vu dan sU trong btin an la mot trong nhting tieu chuan de xem xet de nghi dac xa, xet giam thdi ban chap hanh hinh phat tu va xoa an tfch. Ludn lang nghe y kien cua dudng sU; gitii thfch cho ngUdi phai thi hanh an thiiy nghia vu tii nguyen thi hanh vii ldi fch cua viec tii nguyen thi himh tin; khdng quan lieu, hach dich vdi dudng sii. Vi the. da dong vien.
khuyen khich dUOng sii vii ngUdi than cua ho tfch ciic hdn trdng viec thi hanh quyet dinh dan sii trong ban an hinh sii.
Vdi phUdng cham liiy giai thich, thuyet phuc de dudng su tu nguyen thi hanh nhung ddi vdi cac tru'dng hop dUdng su cd dieu k;^n ma chay y. trdn trtmh. chdng ddi thi phai kien quyet ap dung bien phap cUdng che. cd nhu vay mdi dam bao dupc su nghiem mmh cua phap luat, dam bao cho ban an, quye't dinh cua Toa an dudc thi hanh nghiem chinh, gdp phan giii vting ky cudng phep nu'dc.
Song, qua trinh chuan bi td chdc cudng che cO quan thi hanh an van kien tri. tiep tuc giai thfch thuyet phuc de ho til nguyen thi hanh an. Vi vay, nhieu xm viec chuan bi td chuc cudng che dudng sil da tii nguyen thi hanh. Tinh tu nam
1993 den nay. co quan thi hanh an da xay dilng ke hoach cUdng che 02 x-u (01 xm den gid chdt qua trinh chuan bi cUdng che cung ddng nghia vdi qua trinh phan tfch thuyet phuc, vi vay. ngu'di phai thi himh an tii nguyen thi hanh. cd quan thi hanh an khdng phai td chuc cifdng che; 01 XTI td chiic cudng che tra nha, cd quan thi hanh an da phdi hop chat che vo'i cac
CO quan htiu quan td chdc cudng che dat hieu qua, dd la thanh cong ldn trdng cdng tac giai thich thuyet phuc cua Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham muu).
De phat buy nhung thanh tich dat duo'c trong nhung nam qua, de cdng tac thi himh an dan sii noi chung, cdng tac thi hanh an cua Thi hanh an Bo Tong Tham muu ndi neng ngay cang dat ket quti cao, tru'dc het, phai kien toan td chuc xay diing doi ngu can bo du manh ca sd lu'dng va chat luo'ng doi ngu chap hanh vien, can bo liim cdng tac thi hanh an phai tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi Nha nu'dc Cong hoa .xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam; hoan thanh nhiem vu du'pc giao; bao ve loi ich cua Nha nu'dc, quyen va loi fch cua td chdc, ca nhan, btio ve phap che xa hoi chu nghia; ludn yeu nghe, khdng ngai khd khan, xm'dt qua trd ngai de hoan thanh nhiem x-u:
ra sde ren luyen nang cao pham chat dao ddc, trinh do chinh tri, chuyen mdn nghiep vu; kien quyet da'u tranh chdng mpi bieu hien tham nhung. sach nhieu. phien ha cho dan: de cao trach nhiem hoc tap nang cao trinh do ca ve chuyen mdn va chinh tri; xay dUng cho minh cd ban Hnh
chmh tri vdng vang, thu'dng xuyen tu difdng, ren luyen pham chat dao ddc, xay diing le ldi, tac phong lam xdec khoa hoc. cd ke hoach phan dtiu ren luyen nting cao trinh do ve moi mat. tii nghien cdu. hoc hoi tfch luy kmh nghiem trong thu'c tien cdng tac.
ThUdng xuyen lam tdt cdng tac giao due chfnh tri, tu tUdng, bdi dUOng nghiep vu, chuyen mdn, quan tam, tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho chap hanh vien, ciin bo thi hanh an du'dc hoc tap, khuyen khi'ch viec tii nghien cdu hoc tap, nhan thdc ro vai trd, vi tri, y nghia, yeu cau, ciing nhU nhUng khd khan, phdc tap cua cdng tac thi hanh an dan sii, td dd xac dinh ro trach nhiem cua can bo, cd lap trUdng quan diem, btin linh nghe nghiep;
thdng qua thiic te cdng viec de hoc hdi nang cao trinh do, nham ap dung phap luat mot each chinh xac, phu hdp; phan dau hoan thanh vii vUdt chi tieu tbl dua cua Nganh de ra quyet tam xay diing cd quan thi hanh an vdng manh toan dien gdp phan vao viec xay dung Nha nUdc phap quyen xa hei chu nghia vdi muc tieu dan giau, nUdc manh, xa hoi cdng bang, dan chu van minh •
