MOT SO NET DAC THU TRONG CONG VIEC CVA KIEM SAT VIEN
NGUYEN NHir HUNG*
Kiem sdt vi&n la ngu-di du-g-c bo nhiem theo quy dinh cua phap luat de thirc hi^n chirc nang thuc hanh quy^n cong to, kilm sat hoat dgng tir phap. Khi thu-c hanh quyen cdng to. Idem sat hoat dong tir phap, Kiem sat vi£n tuan theo phap luat va phai chiu trdch nhiem trirdc phap lu^t ve hanh vi, quylt dinh cua minh. Tir cdc quy dinh cua phap luat va thifc tiln hoat dfing, cho thSy, c6ng viec cua cac Kiem sat vien mang nhilu net dac thii.
Tic khda: Kiim sdt vien; thuc hdnh quyin cdng td; kiim sdt hogt dgng tuphdp; tinh ddc thit.
Nhgn bdi: 21/10/2019; biin tgpxong: 22/10/2019; duyet bdi: 25/10/2019.
T
heo luat dinh, nhan su trong he thdng Vien kiem sat nhan dan (VKSND) CO thi phSn loai thanh 2 nhdm chinh, dd la nhung ngudi cd chiic xdanh tu phap va cac cdng chiic, vien chiic va ngudi lao dpng khac'. Cac chiic danh tu phap trong VKSND gom cd: Vien trudng, Phd Vien trudng VKSND, Vien kiem sat quan sir cac cap; Kiem sat vien (KSV) cac ngach; Thii trudng, Phd Thu trudng Co quan dieu tra (ciia VKSND tdi cao, cua Vien kiemI Xem Dieu 58 Luat to chiic Vien kiem sat nhan dan nam 2014. Rieng 6 Vien kiem sat quan su, ngoai 2 nh6m chinh do, con co cac quan nhan khac.
2. Xem khoan 3 Dieu 2 Hien phap nam 2013. Kiem soat quySn lire nha nude la mpt trong nhOng dilm mai cua Hien phap nam 2013.
sat quan sir Tnmg uong); Dieu tra vien; Kiem tra vien. Trong dd, KSV chiem ty le khoang 97% tdng sd nhiing ngudi cd chiic danh tu phap. Bdi vay, cd the ndi, KSV la lire lupng chinh, luc lugng chu yeu de dam nhiem, thuc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia VKSND. Tuy nhien, dd la nhin ve mat dinh lugng; cdn de thay rd hon, cu the hon vai trd cua KSV va chi ra nhiing net dac thu trong cdng viec cua KSV, can di tCr mgt sd van de co ban sau day:
Bd may Nha nude CHXHCN Viet Nam dugc td chirc va hoat dgng theo nguyen tac quyen lire nha nude la thdng nhat, cd sir phan cdng, phdi hgp, kiem sodf giQa cac
*Kiiem sat vien cao cap, Tong bien t$p Tap chi KiSm sat. Wen kiSm sat nhan dan toi cao.
Tap chi
K(EM SAT_ /S621 (thmg 11/2019}
ca quan nha nude trong vi?c thuc hien cac quyen lap phap, hanh phap, tu phap. Trong dd, Qudc hdi la ca quan quyen lire cao nhat cd quyen lap hien, lap phap, quyet dinh cac van de quan trpng cua dat nude va giam sat tdi cao; Chinh phu thuc hien quyin hanh phap; Toa an la ca quan xet xii, thuc hien quyin tu phap; VKSND la CO quan thuc hanh quyen cdng to, kiem sat hoat dpng tu phap. Nhu vay, cd thi ndi, VKSND vira thyc hien quyen cdng td, vua thuc hien quyen giam sat, kiem soat quyin lire trong hoat dpng tu phap. Nhin dudi gdc do khac, VKSND do Qudc hdi lap ra;
Vien trudng VKSND toi cao do Qudc hdi bau; chiic nang, nhiem vu dugc hien dinh, luat dinh..., thi chinh la VKSND duoc giao dam nhiem mgt phan quyen giam sat tdi cao cua Qudc hgi ddi vdi hoat ddng tu phap. Vien kiem sat nhan dan la co quan duy nhat cd chirc nang thuc hanh quyen cdng td, thay mat Nha nude truy td bi can, huge tgi bi cao trong td tung hinh sir. Vien kiem sat nhan dan cd vai trd xuyen sudt trong ca td tung hinh su, td tung dan sy, hanh chinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai va thi hanh an.
Tir nhiing ndi dung neu tren va qua nghien ciiu, tim hieu cac van de ly thuyet, cac quy dinh lien quan, lien he vdi thuc tien, cd the nit ra mdt sd net ddc thu^ trong cdng viec cua KSV nhu: Tinh bao quat tren pham vi rdng; tinh true tiep; tinh quyet dinh; tinh chiu trach nhiem...
Cdng viec cua cdc KSV cd ddi tuang, pham vi rdng, gan nhu la bao quat, xuyen sudt toan bd hoat ddng tu phap, bao gdm cac cdng viec thude 09 khau cdng tac''thyc hien chiic nang, nhiem vu va 06 cdng tac khae^ cua VKSND. Trong ITnh vuc hinh su, khi thyc hien nhiem vu, cac KSV phai trien khai cdng viec tir rat sdm, ngay tu khi phat hi?n cd dau hieu tdi pham, giai quyet td giac, tin bao ve tdi pham va kien nghi khdi td va trong sudt cac giai doan td tung tiep theo, tir khdi td, dieu tra, truy td, xet xir, cho tdi giai doan thi hanh an hinh sy.
Trong mdi giai doan, de hoan thanh nhiem vu, KSV phai tien hanh nhieu hoat ddng nghiep vu ca trudc, trong va sau khi hoat ddng chinh cua giai doan do diln ra. Nhu d giai doan xet xii vu an hinh su; trudc phien toa, KSV thyc hien cac cdng viec chuan bi nhu nghien ciiu ky hd so vu an, dy kien ndi dung va ke hoach tham gia xet hdi, tranh luan, du thao ban luan tdi, chuan bi cac tai lieu, chiing cii, sd hoa hd so; tai phien toa, KSV cdng bd ban cao trang, chii dpng tham gia tham van, luan tdi, tranh luan, theo ddi, ghi chep, kiem sat viec tuan theo phap luat trong hoat dpng xet xu; sau
3. NghTa ciia tit "ddc thu", theo Tir dien Tieng Viet, do la: "Co tinh chat rieng biet, lam cho khac voi s\r vat khac cimg loai". Lien h? (rong truang hgp nay, do la nhihig diem khac bi?t giira cong viec ciia Kiem sat vien vdi cong viec ciia Dieu tra vien, Tham phan, Chap hanh vien...
4. (1) Thirc hanh quyen cong to, kiem sat viec tiep nhan, giai quyet to giac, tin bao ve toi pham va kien nghi khai to, (2) Thuc hanh quyen cong to va kiem sat dieu Era vu an hmh sir; (3) Thirc hanh quyen cong to va kiem sat hoat dpng tir phap trong giai doan truy £o; (4) Thirc hanh quyen cong to va kiem sat xet xu vu an hinh sy, (5) Cong tac di6u tra ciia Ca quan di6u tra VKSND; (6) Ki^m sal viec lam giir, tam giam, thi hanh an hinh sir; (7) Kiem sat viec giai quyet an hanh chinh, dan s\r, kmh doanh, thucmg mai ; (8) Giai quyet khieu to va kiem sat giai quyet khieu to trong hoat dong tir phap; (9) Thirc hanh quyen cong to va kiem sat hoat dong tirang tra tu phap.
5 (1) Thong ke tgi pham; (2) Nghien ciru khoa hpc; (3) xay dung phap lu|t, (4) Dao tao, boi duang; (5) Hgp tac quoc te; (6) Tuyen truyen, pho bien, giao due phap luat.
So 21 (thang 11/2019) \
Tapchi _iaEMSAT I 9
phien toa, KSV phai kiem sat ban an, bien ban phien toa, neu phat hien cd can cir thi de xuat viec khang nghi ban an, tich luy, tdng hcrp cac vi pham de kien nghi. Tinh bao quat trong cdng vi8c cua KSV cdn thi hien d chd, pham vi, ddi tugng cua cdng tac kiem sat khdng chi la hoat ddng cua cac ca quan tien hanh td tung, ciia nhiing ngudi tien hanh td tung ma cdn kiem sat hoat ddng ciia cac co quan khac, khdng phai la ca quan tien hanh td tung, nhu ca quan thi hanh an hinh sy, ca sd giam giii pham nhan, hay nhu Uy ban nhan dan xa, phudng, thi tran trong cdng tac quan ly giao due ngudi chap hanh an treo, cai tao khdng giam giir... Khi kiem sat viec giai quylt cac vu, viec dan su, hdn nhan va gia dinh, hanh chinh, kinh te, thuang mai, tao ddng, pha san doanh nghiep, cac KSV ciing phai tiln hanh cac hoat ddng nghiep vu dl thuc hien chirc nang, nhiem vu cua VKSND tir khi Toa an thdng bao thu ly vu viec cho din liic ban an, quyet dinh cua Toa an cd hieu luc phap luat, khdng hi khang cao, khang nghi. Day la mdt ITnh vyc rpng Idn, bao tnim hau het cac ITnh vyc ciia ddi song xa hdi, vdi khdi lugng cdng viec va tinh chat phiic tap ngay cang tang, ddi hdi cac KSV phai khdng ngimg hpc tap, cap nhat kien thuc, tich luy kinh nghiem, nim viing quy dinh cua phap luat thupc nhilu chuyen nganh luat khac nhau thi mdi hoan thanh nhiem vu.
Vdi yeu c^u dat ra ngay cang cao trong viec thuc hien chiic trach, nhiem vu, ddi hdi KSV phai bao quat dugc mpi hoat ddng trong qua trinh giai quylt vu an, vu viec, ca ve ndi dung, can cir, hd sa, tai lieu, chiing cii, trinh ty, thu tuc, tien dp.
thdi han, de cd nhirng nhan dinh, danh gia, dua ra nhung yeu cau, tac dgng phu hop len ddi tupng cua cdng tac kiem sat va tham muu, dl xuat cho Lanh dao Vien ra cac quylt dinh cd can cir, chinh xac. Do dd, cdng viec cua KSV phai dam bao tinh bao quat, mdi n4m bat dugc day du, toan dien ca vl ndi dung va qua trinh giai quylt vu an, vu viec.
Tinh true dip ciing la mdt net dac thu trong cdng viec ciia Kiem sat vien. Cd 3 phuong thiic nghiep vu ca ban de KSV tiln hanh cdng viec, do la: Kiem sat qua hd so, tai lieu; cd mat, tham gia ciing ngudi tiln hanh to tulig khac de kiem sat;
va ty minh true tiep tien hanh hoat ddng td tung. Diln hinh la trong ITnh vuc hinh sy theo cac quy dinh mdi trong Bd luat Td tung hinh su nam 2015, nhieu hoat dpng td tung, yeu edu bat huge KSV phai cd mat dl kilm sat; ddi vdi mdt sd hoat ddng, KSV cd the trye tiep tien hanh. Cd 7 hoat dgng, bat bugc KSV phai cd mat^
dl kilm sat, gdm: Ddi chat, nhan dang, nhan bilt gigng ndi, kham xet, kham nghiem hien trudng, kham nghiem tir thi, thuc nghiem dieu tra. Ben canh dd, nhieu hoat dpng, KSV cd the trye tiep tiln hanh.
Vi dy, trong giai doan giai quyet td giac, tin bao vl tdi pham, VKSND (ma trye tiip thyc hien la KSV) cd th4m quyin trye tiip giai quylt^ to giac, tin bao ve tpi pham, kiln nghi khdi td trong trudng hap phat hien co quan cd thim quyin giai
6. Xem cac dieu 189,190,191,193,201,202 vaDieu 204 Bo lu5t T6 tung hinh sy nam 2015,
7. Xem khoan 5 Dieu 159 va diem c khoan Dieu 145 Bg luat T6 tung hinh sir nam 2015
I Tapchi
D I KJEx\lSAT_ /So 21 (thmg 11/2019)
quyet cd vi pham phap luat hoac cd dau hieu bd Ipt tpi pham ma VKSND da yeu cau bang van ban nhung khdng khac phuc. Ngoai ra, trong giai doan dieu tra vu an hinh sy, KSV cd t h i true tiip tiln hanh mdt sd hoat ddng dieu tra de kiem tra, bd sung tai heu khi xet phe chuin lenh, quylt dinh cua C o quan dieu tra, co quan dugc giao nhiem vu tien hanh mdt so hoat dgng dieu tra hoac trudng hpp phat hien cd dau hieu oan, sai, bd lot tdi pham, vi pham phap luat hoac trudng hop cung cd chiing cii de quyet dinh truy td. Khi do, KSV se true tiep hdi cung, liy ldi khai, tiln hanh ddi chat, nhan dang, thuc nghiem^... Tinh chil dgng, true tiep cua KSV cdn la yeu cau bat budc, the hien rd net tai cac phien toa xet xir vu an hinh sy thdng qua cac hoat ddng nhu cdng bd ban cao trang, chu ddng tham gia tham van, trinh bay luan tdi, la mdt ben chinh yeu ciia hoat ddng tranh luan tai phien tda theo nguyen tac tranh tung da duoc hien dinh trong Hien phap nam 2013.
Khdng chi trong hoat ddng td tung hinh su, tinh trye tiep trong cdng viec cua KSV cdn the hien d hau het cac khau cdng tac thyc hien chuc nang, nhiem vy ciia VKSND. Cac dao luat td tung, cac luSt chuyen nganh nhu Luat thi hanh an hinh sy, deu quy dinh quyen han trye tiep kiem sat tai c a quan chiic nang lien quan, tham quyen ciia KSV true tiep dua ra yeu cau, trye tiep nghien cim, hd so, tai lieu, tdng hgp ndi dung, tham muu de xuat, dy thao
cac bien ban, ket luan, khang nghi, kiln nghi. Dien hinh nhu khi kiem sat viec tam giir, tam giam va thi hanh an hinh su, cac KSV phai thudng xuyen kiem tra sd sach, hd so, tai lieu va true tiep kiem sat tai nha tam giii, trai tam giam, c a sd giam giii cai tao pham nhan; kiem tra viec thyc hien cac thu tuc, thdi han, theo ddi su bien dgng vao ra, giam sat viec thuc hien cac quy dinh ve che do, chinh sach vdi cac ddi tupng; KSV phai vao tan nai, tan mat xem xet, trye tiep kiem tra, gap, hdi, va nhu vay ludn diing trudc kha nang ddi mat vdi nhung nii ro, nguy hiem, tinh hudng bat ngd, cd the trye tiep anh hudng den sire khoe, an toan, nguy co lay nhiem benh tat, hi xuc pham, gay thuong tich... tif phia cae ddi tupng hi tam giu, tam giam, ngudi chap hanh an phat tu gay ra^.
Tinh quyet dinh trong cdng viec cua KSV cung la mdt net dac thii, dugc the hien rd net trong hoat ddng td tung hinh sy, nhat la d viec danh gia chimg cu, tai lieu, hd sa, xac dinh ndi dung vu an, cac tinh tiet, dien bien hanh vi, tinh chat, mirc do, hau qua ciia tdi pham, ddi chieu vdi cac can cii phap luat de dinh tdi danh, xac djnh vai trd ciia cac ddi tugng... De rdi, dya tren nhung nhan dinh, danh gia, de xuat dd cua KSV ma ngudi cd tham quyen se dua ra nhiing quyet dinh td tung. Mdt trong nhung quan diem chi dao xay dung luat va la diem mdi quan trgng trong Bd luat Td tung hinh su nam 2015, dd la phan dinh rd tham quyen ciia Thu trudng, ngudi Lanh dao, Chi huy trong cac co quan tien hanh td tung vdi
8- Xem Dieu 12 Thong tu lien hch so 04/2018/TTLT- VKSNDTC-BCA-BQPngay 19/10/2018 ciia Vien kiSm sat nhan dan toi cao. Bo Cong an, Bg Quoc phong.
9. Tham khao Du thao bao cao xay dimg bang luomg va phy cap theo nghe ciia nganh Kiem sat nhan dan.
Tap chi So21(thang11/Z019)\ KIEM SAT I 1 1
tham quyin ciia D i l u tra vien, Kilm sat vien, Tham phan. Thim quyin quylt dinh cac thu tyc td tung mang tinh "md", "ddng"
cac giai doan td tung va cac quylt dinh lien quan den viec han che quyin cdng dan thude vg c i p lanh dao, chi huy. Cdn thim quydn quylt dinh cac thii tuc td tung, tiln hanh cac hoat dgng td tung d l lam rd ndi dung cua vu an, hanh vi cua ngudi hi tinh nghi pham tdi, hanh vi cua bi can, bi cao la thude ve Dieu tra vien, Kiem sat vien, ThSm phan. Do do, vdi chiic nang, nhiem vy thyc hanh quyen cdng to, kiem sat hoat ddng tu phap, KSV khi nghien ciiu, danh gia tai lieu, chimg cic va khi tham gia hoac true tiep tien hanh cac hoat ddng to tyng phai quyet dinh ve tinh cd can cii va hpp phap cua viec lam ro ndi dung vu an, chiing minh hanh vi pham tdi va eac van de khac lien quan den viec giai quyet mpt each toan dien, triet de vy an hinh sy.
Vai trd quan trpng, tham quyen Idn, dT nhien trach nhiem phai cao. Tinh chiu trdch nhiem la mdt net rat dac thu trong cdng viec cua KSV. Dii cdn mpt sd y kien khac'", nhung quan diem chung cho rang, trong dau tranh phdng, chdng tdi pham thi hai yeu cau chdng oan, sai va chdng bd ipt tdi pham phai dugc dat ngang nhau. Do dd, trudc het, trong qua trinh thyc hien nhiem vu, KSV cd trach nhiem quan triet va dam bao thuc hien hai yeu cau nay. Ci pham vi chung, khi thuc hien chirc nang
10. Co y kien cho rang, can ini tien vi?c chong oan, sai, gan vca nguyen tac suy doan v6 tgi, bao ve quyen con nguoi, quyen cong dan Ciing c6 y kien, thirc te cho thay, oan, sai xay ra it, chiem ty te rat nho, con hien tugng bo Igt hoac vuong mac, khong xir ly duac mgt so hanh vi co tinh nguy hiem doi voi xa hgi la kha nhi^u.
kiem sat hoat dgng tu phap, Vien kiem sat ma true tiep la KSV cd trach nhiem kiem sat tinh cd can cii, hop phap cua cac hanh vi, quyet dinh ciia c a quan, td chiic, ca nhan trong hoat ddng tu phap, dugc thyc hien ngay tir khi tiep nhan va giai quyet td giac, tin bao v l tdi pham, kien nghi khdi td va trong suot qua trinh giai quyet vu an hinh sy; trong viec giai quyet vu an hanh chinh, vu viec dan su, hdn nhan va gia dinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai, lao ddng;
viec thi hanh an, viec giai quyet khieu nai, td cao trong hoat ddng tu p h a p " va cac hoat dpng tu phap khac... dam bao cho cac hoat ddng dd duoc thyc hien theo diing quy dinh ciia phap luat. Khi tien hanh cdng viec, KSV phai chiu trach nhiem trudc phap luat, trudc Vien trudng VKSND; neu de xay ra sai sdt, vi pham, thi tuy theo tinh chat, mice do, KSV se phai chiu trach nhiem, bi xy ly ky luat hoac truy cim trach nhiem hinh sy, phai bdi thudng, bdi hoan. Dac biet, trach nhiem cua KSV khi thuc hien nhiem vy thuc hanh quyen cdng td, kiem sat hoat ddng tu phap trong giai doan dieu tra vy an hinh sy la rat Idn, neu xay ra viec tra hd so dieu tra bd sung hoac trudng hgp cd oan, sai, dii bat cu vi ly do gi, trach nhiem trudc het va cao nhat la thupc Kiem sat vien true tiep thyc hanh quyen cdng td va kiem sat dieu tra. Neu xac dinh KSV cd ldi, gay ra thiet hai, theo quyet dinh cua c a quan cd tham quyen, KSV phai bdi hoan cho ngan sach nha nude khoan tien ma Nha nude da bdi thudng cho ngudi thiet hai. n
11. Xem khoan 1 Ehoi 4 Lu?t to chirc VKSND nam 2014.
Tap chi
KIEM SAT_ /So 21 (thang 1 1 ^ 9 )
