NGHIEN Cinj - TWflO BOI
NHUNG DIEM KHAC BIET CO BAN VE CHE DjNH HOP DONG VAY TAI SAN TRONG BO LUAT DAN SU
NAM 2005 SO VOI BO LUAT DAN SU NAM 2015
TirOTNG DUY LlTiyVG*
Torn tdt: De nh$n thuc sau sde sy khac nhau trong viec dp dung B9 lu^t Ddn sy nam 2005 vd Bo luat Dan sy nam 2015 ve chi dinh hop d i n g vay tdi sdn, trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid d l c^p ddi net v l thyc tiln dp dyng chi dinh hgp d i n g vay tai sdn cua Bo lu§t Ddn sy nam 2005, phdn tich ro sy khac nhau ve cdch tilp cdn giua Bp ludt Ddn sy nam 2005 vd nam 2015. Tii dd, chi ra cu sd phdp 1^ cho vifc dp dyng ididc nhau giira chu the cho vay Id t l chuc tin dung vdi chii t h i cho vay khac v l che dinh hpp dong vay tdi sdn duyc quy dinh trong Bp lugt Dan sy nam 2005.
Tic khda: Hgp ddng vay tdi sdn; td chuc tin dung; chu thi cho vay.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 14/01/2019; ngdy bien tap xong: 16/01/2019; ngdy duyet bdi:
17/01/2019.
1. T h y c tien giai q u y l t t r a n h chap h ^ d^ng vay tai san
1.1. Thuc tien gidi quyet tranh chdp A(?p ddng vay tdi sdn md chu the cho vay Id td chAc tin dung
Hpp ddng tin dyng Id mdt logi hpp ddng vay tdi san, ttong dd chii the eho vay ludn Id td ehiic tin dung (TCTD), tdi san cho vay thudng Id tiln {tiln ddng Viet Nam hoac ngogi te...). Ben vay Id cd nhan, phdp nbdn, td chuc khdng ed tu caeh phdp nhdn (hd gia dinh, td hop tdc...). Thdng thudng, kem theo hpp ddng tin dung cd giao dich bdo ddm nhdm bdo ddm nghia vu ttong hpp ddng tin dung, nhung bdi viet ndy khdng nghien ciiu
ve giao dich bao dam ma ehi di sau ve van de thda thudn Iai suat, khi tranh chap hpp ddng tin dung Tda an dp dung quy pham phdp Iuat ndo {Bd luat Dan sy (BLDS) ndm 2005 hay ludt khae) de giai quyet.
Thdng qua cdc vu an ttanh ehdp hpp ddng tin dung nhiing n a m gdn day (thdi dilm BLDS ndm 2005 cd hifu lyc), cd t h i nhan thay da sd Iai sudt ttong hpp ddng tin dung dao ddng tten dudi 12%, 13% tten mdt ndm ciia khodn vay, nhung ciing ed mpt so hop ddng tin dung cd miic lai suit
*Luit sa, Trgng tii viin Trung tim trgng tai quoc ti Vigt Nam (VIAC).
Sd 03 (thang 02/2019)\
Tap chi _KI£MSAT I 2 9
(Xiuan M TCei 2019
cho vay kha cao, dac biet cac h(7p dong do cac trung tam tai chinh cho vay thirong c6 lai suit rit cao. Duoi day la mpt so vi du:
Vi du 1: Nguyen don la Ngan hang thuong mai ca phin (TMCP) V tranh chip hgp dong tin dung voi bi don )k anh Dinh Ngoc D.
Tom tit npi dung vu an: Ngay 23/5/2014, anh D CO ky giiy "don da nghi mo tai khoan, phat hanh the ghi np, vay von kiem hpp d6ng tm dung" s6 20140527- 500000-Oxxx vol Ngan hang TMCP V (sau day gpi tit la Ngan hang) vay so tieii 42.000.000 d6ng voi lai suit 45%/nam d8 tieu dung ca nhan. Theo thoa thuan tai hop ddng, anh D co trach nhiem thanh toan so dgn g6c va lai cho Ngan hang la 69.111.000 d6ng, tra cham trong 28 thang. Trong 27 thang diu, m6i thang tra so tien 2.449.000 ddng, thang eudi cung tra 2.988.000 d6ng.
Thanh toan vao ngay 01 hang thang, bat diu til ngay 01/7/2014.
Khach hang da nhan dii so tien va thanh toan cho Ngan hang 12 ISn vol so tien 29.699.000 ddng (np goc la 12.630.942 d6ng, np lai la 17.068.058 d6ng). Tuy nhien, kl tit ngay 12/11/2015, anhD khong thanh toan bit cir khoan nao du Ngan hang da dung nhieu bien phap nhic nho. Vi vay, Ngan hang TMCP V khoi kien yeu ciu Toa an giai quyet buoc anh D tra toan bp khoan np g6c con lai: 29.369.058 dong. Doi voi lai suat cham thi hanh an, Ngan hang chi yeu cau anh D phai tra theo quy dinh tai khoan 2 DiSu 468 BLDS nam 2015.
Bi don anh D dong y trinh bay cua nguyen don va thira nhan m6i thanh toan cho Ngan hang 12 lan vol so tien 29.699.000 ddng (no g6c la 12.630.942 d6ng, np lai la 17.068.058 ddng). K6 tit ngay 12/11/2015, anhD khong co kha nang thanh toan cho Ngan hang nhu da thoa thuan, anh dong y thanh toan so tien
29.369.058 ddng cho Ngan hang va xin tia lai cham thi hanh an theo quy dinh tai khoan 2 Didu 468 BLDS nam 2015.
Tai Ban an dan su so tham sd 26/2017/DS-ST ngay 29/9/2017, Tda an nhan dan (TAND) huyen T, tmh D quyet dinh: Ap dung khoan 3 Dieu 26; diem a khoan 1 Didu 35, didm a khoan 1 Didu 39, khoan 4 Didu 147, khoan 1 Didu 228, Didu 266, Didu 271, khoan 1 Didu 273 cua Bp luat Td timg dan su (BLTTDS) nam 2015;
Ap dung cac Didu 471, 474, 478 BLDS nam 2005; Didu 688 BLDS nam 2015;
khoan 2 Didu 91 Lu$t cac TCTD nam 2010;
ap dmg khoan 2 Didu 468 BLDS nam 2015; ap dung Nghi quydt sd 326/2016/UBTVQH14 ngay 30/12/2016 cua Uy ban thucmg vu Quoc hpi quy dinh vd mirc thu, midn, giam, thu, nop, quan ly va sii dung an phi va Id phi Toa ^ ; ap dung Luat thi hanh an dan su.
Chap nhan yeu cau khdi kidn ciia Ngan hang TMCP V ddi voi anh D vd vide "tranh chip hpp ddng tin dung". Bupe anh D phai thanh toan cho Ngan hang TMCP V sd tidn np gdc la 29.369.058 ddng (hai mupi chin trieu ba tram sau muoi chin nghin khdng tram nam muoi tam ddng). Kd tir ngay 30/9/2017, anh D con phai tidp tuc chju khoan tidn lai qua ban cua sd tidn np gdc chua thanh toan, theo miic lai suSt quy dinh tai khoan 2 Didu 468 BLDS nam 2015 cho den khi thanh toan xong khoan np gdc nay.
Vi du 2: Nguydn don la Ngan hang TMCP V tranh chip hpp dong tin dimg vdi bi don dng Huynh Huy C.
Tdm tat ndi dung vy an: Ngay 10/11/2014, dng C va Ngan hang TMCP V ky hpp ddng tm dung sd 20141117-500001- Oxxx, Ngan hang cho dng C vay sd tidn la 31.500.000 ddng, lai suit thda thuan la 5%/fliang (60% nam). Theo thda thuan thi dng C cd trach nhidm thanh toan cho Ngan
T j p chi
JO I KIEMSAT_ /So 03 (thang 02/2019)
NGHIEN CVU - TRflO POI
bang sd tiln 54.785.000 ddng, tta d i n ttong thdi hgn 24 thang, mdi thdng tta ddn sd tiln 2.276.000 ddng, thdng eudi cung tta sd tiln edn Iai la 2.283.000 ddng, thanh toan vdo ngay 18 hang thang, bdt ddu thyc hien k l tu ngay 18/12/2014.
Thyc hien hop ddng, dng C da nhgn du sd tien vay tu NgMi hang vd thyc hifn viec thanh toan cho Ngan hang dupe 05 ldn vdi tdng sd tien la 17.981.000 ddng va ngung khdng tiiyc hien k l tu ngay 07/01/2017 cho den nay. Vi vgy, Ngdn hang lam don khdi kien de nghi Tda an xem xet giai quylt bude dng C phdi cd ttdch nhifm thanh toan cho Ngdn hdng TMCP V so tiln np cdn tiiilu chua tiianh toan la 36.804.000 ddng, ngan hang khdng yeu cdu tinh them lai suit.
Tda an da trif u tap dng C yeu cdu cung e i p chiing cii nhung dng deu vang mat. Hdi ddng xet xu nhdn dinh:
Can cii vao don de nghi nid tdi khoan, phat hanh the ghi np, vay vdn kiem hpp ddng tin dung sd 20141117-500001-Oxxx ngdy 11/11/2014 cd npi dung: Ngdn hang TMCP V cho dng C vay so tiln 31.500.000 ddng, muc dich vay Id de tieu dung cd nhdn, thdi ban vay la 24 thdng, lai sudt cho vay 5%/thang, tdng sd tien dng C phdi thanh toan cho Ngdn hang ca gdc vd lai la 54.785.000 ddng; khoan khach hang tta hdng thang, thanh toan vdo ngay 18 hang t h ^ g Id 2.283.000 ddng, bit d i u tiiyc hien tli 18/11/2014. Nhu vay, vifc vay np giiia Ngdn bang va dng C la cd that, su thda thugn eac ndi dung cua duong su ttong hpp ddng khdng ttai phap lugt, khdng ttdi dao diie xa bdi.
Sau khi vay, dng C da thanh toan cho Ngdn hdng dupe 5 lan vdi tdng sd tien la 17.981.000 ddng va ngung khdng thye hien cho d i n nay... Can cu vdo eac Dieu 471, Dilu 474 vd Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005 tiii viec ddi no cua Ngan hang Id cd can cii.
Tai Ban dn ddn sy so tham sd 429/2017/DS/ST ngay 22/9/2017, Tda an nhan ddn (TAND) qugn T quylt dinh: Ap dung khodn 3 Dieu 26, diem a kbomi 1 Dieu 35, dilm a khoan 1 Dilu 39, khoan 1 Dilu 147, Dilu 227, Dilu 228, Dilu 271, khodn 1 Dilu 273 va khoan 1 Dilu 280 BLTTDS nam 2015. Ap dung Dilu 305, Dilu 471 va Dilu 476 cua BLDS nam 2005; dp dung Nghi quyet sd 326/2016/UBTVQH14 ngay 3 0/12/2016 cua Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hpi quy dinh v l miic thu, miln, gidm, thu, nop, qudn Iy va su dung an phi va If phi Tda an.
Chdp nhdn yeu cdu khdi kifn cua n g u y ^ don la Ngan hdng TMCP V, budc dng C phdi cd ttaeh nhiem thanh toan eho Ngdn hang TMCP V sd tiln la 36.804.000 (ba muai sau trifu tam ttam le bdn nghin ddng). Ke tu ngay ban an cd hifu lue phap luat hoae ke tu ngay cd dan yeu cau thi hanh an ciia ngudi dupe thi hanh an cho den khi thi hanh an xong tat ca cac khodn tien, hdng thang ben phai thi hanh dn cdn phai chiu khoan tien lai cua sd tien cdn phai thi hanh dn theo muc Iai suat quy dinh tai khodn 2 Dilu 468 BLDS nam 2015.
Vi du 3: Nguyen don Id Cdng ty tai chinh ttdch nhifm hiiu ban (TNHH) mdt thdnh vien H ttanh chap hpp ddng tin dyng vdi bi don la dng Vu Thanh D.
Tdm tat npi dung vu an: Vao ngdy 03/3/2014, giua nguyen don va bi dan ky ket hpp ddng tin dung ttd gdp sd 341774xxx vdi npi dung, nguyen don cho bi dan vay sd tien la 15.191.000 ddng, thdi ban vay la 09 thang, muc dich cho vay tieu dung, lai suat eho vay 6,09%/thang (tten 70% nam). Theo thda thu&i, bi don phdi Ihanh toan cho nguyen don sd tien la 20.295.000 ddng, sd tien ttd gdp hdng thdng la 2.255.000 ddng vao ngdy 10 hang thang.
Thyc hifn hpp ddng vay, bi don da nhdn dupe khodn tien vay va thyc bifn viec trd
^ Tap cbi I So 03 (thang 02/2019)\ KIEM SAT
31
1)udn Xu ^ 2019
np cho nguyen dan dupe 5 Ian vdi tdng sd tiln Id 11.275.000 ddng vd ngung khdng thyc hien k l tu ngdy 15/8/2014 cho din nay; vi vdy, nguyen don khdi kifn de nghi Tda an xem xet gidi quylt: Budc dng D phai cd ttdch nhifm thanh toan cho nguydn dan sd tien Id 10.070.000 ddng (ttong do, so tien cdn Igi cua hpp ddng Id 9.020.000 ddng vd sd tien phat do cham thye hien nghia vu Id 1.050.000 ddng).
Bi don dng D: Td khi thu ly hd so vu dn, TAND qugn T da tien hdnh trieu tap dng D den Tda de gidi quyet viec kien cua nguyen don nhung dng D khdng den; Tda dn da tien hdnh tdng dat cae van ban td tiing eho dng D hop le.
Hdi ddng xet xu nhdn dinh:
Can cu vao hop ddng tin dung ttd gdp sd 341774XXX ngay 10/3/2014 cd ndi dung:
Cdng ty tdi chinh TNHH mpt thanh vien H cho dng D vay so tiln 15.191.000 ddng, thdi han cho vay 9 thang ke td ngdy gidi ngdn, ngdy tta gdp Id ngdy 10 hdng thdng. Lan ttd ddu tien la 10/4/2014; sd tien ttd gdp hdng thdng la 2.255.000 ddng, Iai sudt eho vay 6,09%/thdng; nhu vdy vife vay np giira nguyen don vd bi dan la ed that; sau khi vay dng D da nhdn du tien vd thanh toan eho Ngan bang dupe 05 ldn vdi tdng sd tiln la 11.275 ddng, cdn Iai 9.020.000 ddng dng D ngung khdng thyc hifn cho den nay, loi vi pham hpp ddng vay thude ve dng D, ldm dnh hudng den quyen va loi ieh hpp phdp ciia nguyen don. Can cu vdo cac Dieu 471 vd Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005 thi viec ddi np cua nguyen don Id cd can eu. Ve sd tien phat do cham thyc hien nghia vu Id 1.050.000 ddng, nguyen don yeu cau bi don phdi tta eho nguyen don; can cu vdo Dieu 6.2 ciia Hpp ddng cd npi dung: Phat vi pham hop ddng, neu ttong trudng hpp ben vay vi pham bdt ky nghia vu ndo quy dinb tgi hpp ddng, theo miic quy dinh. Do do, yeu ciu cua
nguyen don Id cd can cu dupe chdp nhdn.
Tu nhung nhdn dinh va phdn tieh neu tten, Hpi ddng xet xii cd can cu chdp nhdn yeu cdu khdi kien eua nguyen don.
Tai Bdn an ddn sy so thdm sd 427/2017/DS-ST ngdy 22/9/2017 eua TAND qudn T da quyet dinh: "Ap dung khoan 3 Dilu 26, dilm a khoan 1 Dilu 35, dilm a khodn 1 Dieu 39, khoan 1 Dieu 147, Dilu 227, Dilu 228, Dilu 271, khodn 1 Dilu 273 vd khoan 1 Dilu 280 BLTTDS nam 2015; dp dung Dilu 305, Dilu 471 va Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005; dp dung Nghi quylt sd 326/2016/UBTVQH14 ngdy 30/12/2016 ciia Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hpi quy dinh v l miic thu, mien, giam, thu, nop, qudn ly va su dyng dn phi va If phi Tda an Tuyen xu: Chdp nhdn yeu cdu khdi kifn cua nguyen don Id Cdng ty tdi ehinh TNHH mpt thdnh vien H, budc dng D phdi cd ttdch nhiem thanh todn cho nguyen don sd tien Id 10.070.000 ddng (mudi trieu khdng tiim bay muai nghin ddng).
Ke tu ngay bdn dn cd hifu lyc phap luat hoae ke tu ngay cd dan yeu cdu thi hdnh an cua ngudi duoc thi hanh dn eho d i n khi thi hanh an xong tit cd cdc khoan tiln, hdng thdng ben phai thi hdnh an edn phdi chiu khodn tien lai ciia sd tiln cdn phdi thi hdnh an theo miie lai sudt quy dinh tai khoan 2 Dilu 468 BLDS nam 2015".
Nhu vay, cd nhieu hop ddng tm dung ma muc lai cho vay vupt so vdi quy dinh tgi Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005, tiidm chi vupt rat xa so vdi quy dinh v l ttdn Iai suit dupe quy dinh ttong BLDS. Tuy nhien, du lai suit cho vay thdp ban hay rit cao so vdi quy dinh cua BLDS nam 2005, khi giai quyet ttanh chap, Tda an d l u gidi quylt theo hudng cdng nhdn giao dich tm dung hpp phap toan bd.
Den day, van d l dat ra la dudng ldi gidi quylt ttanh c h i p hop ddng tin dung ndi
Tap chi
12 I KIEM S A T - /So 03 (thang 02^2019)
NGHIEN CVU - T R A 0 D 6 I
tten cua Tda an ed diing phap ludt khdng?
Tae gid se phdn tich d nhung phdn sau eua bdi viet.
1.2. Thuc tien gidi quyet tranh chdp hgp dong vay tdi sdn md chu the cho vay Id cdc ehd the khde (khong phdi to chuc tin dung)
Vi du 1: Nguyen dan la Ong Trdn Van N, smh nam 1960; dia chi eu ttu: Td 03, dp L, xa C, huyen D, tinh T khdi kien ddi vdi bi dan Id dng Dd Thanh H, sinh nam 1972;
dia chi cu tni: Td 23, ap Nl, xa C, huyen D, tinhT.
Tdm tat npi dung vu an: Nguyen don dng N trinh bay; Khodng nam 2016, dng cd cho dng H vay sd tiln 40.000.000 ddng, khi vay cd lam giay viet tay thda thudn lai sudt 5.000 ddng/ngay/1.000.000 dong, dng H ddng lai dupe 01 den 02 thang thi xin gidm xudng 4.000 ddng/ngay/1.000.000 ddng.
Din ngdy 14/9/2016, dng H tiep tue vay sd tiln 35.000.000 ddng, khi vay cd lam giay vilt tay, thda thudn mieng lai suat 4.000 ddng/ngay/1.000.000 ddng vd thdi gian tta tien gdc la eudi nam 2016. Den ngay 22/9/2016, hai ben thdng nhit gpp 02 khoan np neu tten lai 01 giay np vdi tdng sd tien 75.000.000 d^ng. Ong H tta Iai din ngay 25/12/2016 dupe 07 ldn tdng cpng 32.000.000 ddng thi ngung ddng lai tii ngdy 26/12/2016 eho din nay. Khodng tiidng 01/2018, dng gap dng H ddi np thi dng H ghi them vdo giay np hen ban cuoi Id ngay 31/3/2018 ttd, nhung din hen dng H vdn khdng ttd. Nay dng yeu eau dng H ttd cho dng sd tiln gdc la 75.000.000 ddng va tien lai theo quy dinh cua phap ludt tii ngay 26/12/2016 din ngdy xet xu sa thim. Ong khdng yeu can ba L Id vp ciia dng H cung lien ddi ttd na cho dng.
Bi dan dng H trinh bdy: Ong thira nhdn cd vay tien cua dng N hai ldn, cu the:
Khodng thang 8/2015 vay 40.000.000 ddng;
ngay 14/9/2016 vay 35.000.000 ddng. Den ngdy 22/9/2016 gdp chung 02 khoan np lai, cd lam gidy bien nhdn va thda thugn mifng lai suit 5.000 ddng/ngdy/1.000.000 ddng nhung thye tl cd bao nhieu ddng bdy nhieu.
Sau khi vay dng ed tta tien lai cho dng N vdi sd tiln 70.000.000 ddng din ngdy 03/8/2017 thi ngung cho din nay. Thdng 01 nam 2018, dng N cd yeu eau dng tta np thi dng c6 hen din 31/3/2018 tii nhung do vp ehdng dng Iy hdn nen chua ttd dupe cho dng N. Nay vi da tra lai qua nhieu nen dng chi ddng y tra sd tiln 50.000.000 ddng la tiln gdc cho dng N.
Tai Ban an ddn su sa thdm sd 24/2018/DS-ST ngdy 02/8/2018 cua TAND huyfn D, tinh T da quyet dinh:
Chip nhgn yeu ciu khdi kien ciia dng N ddi vdi dng H ve vifc "franh chdp hpp ddng vay tdi sdn". Budc dng H cd ttdch nhifm tta cho dng N sd tiln 63.806.423 ddng. Ghi nban dng N vd dng H khdng yeu cdu ba L vp cua dng H cung lien ddi chiu ttdch nhiem ve sd np nay. Ngoai ra, ban dn edn myen ve dn phi, nghia vu cham thi hdnh dn va quySn khang cao eua cac duong su theo ludt dinh.
Ngay 30/8/2018, Vien kilm sat nban dan (VKSND) tmh T ban hanh Quylt dinh sd 14/QDKNPT-VKS-DS khang nghi theo thu tuc phuc tham ddi vdi Ban dn ddn sy sd 24/2018/DS-ST ngay 02/8/2018 eua TAND huyen D vdi ndi dung yeu eau edp phuc thdm sua Bdn an dan sy sa tham ve cdn cii dp dung phap Iuat, tien lai vd an phi theo quy dinh cua phdp Iuat.
Tai phien tda phuc tham, dai dien VKSND tinh T bd sung npi dung khang nghi: Ap dung Dilu 474 vd Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005 de tmh Iai va thdi diem tinh lai ke tu ngdy 22/9/2016. Y kien cua dgi difn VKSND tinh T:
+ Ve td tung: Tham phdn thy ly vu an, thu thgp chiing eu, chuan bi xet xu va quylt
, Tap chi Sd03(than902^19)^KIEMSAT I 3 3
^umi
Xu'X>n 2019
dinh dua vu an ra xet xu deu bdo dam dung quy dinh vl thdi hgn, npi dung, thdm quyen cua BLTTDS nam 2015; Hpi ddng xet xu, Thu ky phien tda Uiyc hien dung tiinh tiJ, thu tuc ddi vdi phien tda ddn sy. Nhirng ngudi tham gia td tyng dlu thyc hifn dunjg quyin vd nghia vu eua minh, chdp hanh tdt ndi quy phien tda.
+ v l npi dung: Giao dich dan sy vay tai san giira dng N vd dng H dupe xae lap thyc bifn nam 2016, nen can cii theo quy dinh tgi dilm a khodn 1 Dilu 688 BLDS nam 2015, ttong vu dn nay phai dp dung BLDS nam 2005 dl gidi quylt. Do do, dl nghi Hdi ddng xet xu chdp nhdn khdng nghi ciia VKSND tinh T da dupe bd sung tai phien tda; can cu khoaii 2 Dilu 308 BLTTDS, sua bdn dn so thdm ve can cii phdp luat dp dung, miic Iai sudt va an phi theo diing quy dinh phap ludt.
Nhan dinh ciia Hdi ddng xet xu phue thdm:
Cdn cu vdo cae ehiing eii, tdi lifu da dupe xem xet tai phien tda, ket qud ttanh tung tgi phien tda, y kien cua dai dien Vien kiem sdt, xet thdy: Ve can cii dp dung phdp ludt: Ong N ed cho dng H vay tien nhieu ldn, ey thi nhu sau: Lan thu nhat (khdng xae dinh cy the thdi gian) dng H vay sd tien 40.000.000 ddng, ngdy 14/9/2016 dng H tilp tuc vay 35.000.000 ddng, ngdy 22/9/2016 hai ben thdng nhit lap gidy np vdi tdng sd tien vay la 75.000.000 ddng.
Thang 01/2018, dng N yeu can ttd np nhung dng H xin hen den ngay 31/3/2018.
Nhdn thdy, giao dich dan sy vay tai sdn giiia dng N vd dng H dupe xdc lap tii nam 2016 va tiep tye dupe thyc hifn din nam 2018, nen can cu quy dinh tai dilm a khodn 1 Dilu 688 BLDS nam 2015 trong trudng hpp nay phdi dp dung BLDS nam 2005 de giai quyet. Cap so thim dp dung cdc quy dinh ciia BLDS ndm 2015 Id khdng diing, Idm dnh hudng den quyin Ipi
hpp phdp cua duang sy.
v l ndi dung gidi quylt vu an: Ong N khdi kifn yeu cau dng H ed nghia vu ttd cho dng sd tiln vay gde 75.000.000 ddng vd tien Iai tinh tu ngdy 26/12/2016 din ngdy xet xu so thim, dng thua nhgn da nhdn sd tiln lai 32.000.000 ddng. Do do, dl dam bdo quyin Ipi eua cde ben duang sy, thdi diem tinh tiln Iai dupe tinh tu ngay hai ben chdt np la ngay 22/9/2016. Ong H cd nghia vy tii cho dng N sd tiln cu the nhu sau: Tien lai tii ngay 22/9/2016 din ngdy 02/8/2018:
9%/nam x 75.000.000 ddng x 22 thdng 08 ngdy ^ 12.525.000 ddng, sd tien lai dng N da nhgn: 32.000.000 ddng la vupt qua quy dinh phap ludt dupe khdu trii vao sd tien gdc 75.000.000 ddng; dng H cdn phdi co nghia vu tta cho dng N sd tien gde vd Iai:
75.000.000 ddng + 12.525.000 ddng 32.000.000 ddng - 55.525.000 ddng.
Tu nhung nhdn dinh tten, cd co sd chap nbdn khdng nghi cua VKSND tinh T, sua ban an so thdm.
v l an phi dan su phuc thdm: Cdc duong sy khdng phdi chiu.
Tai Bdn an dan sy phuc thdm so 171/2018/DS-PT ngay 11/10/2018, TAND tinh T quyet dinh: Can eu khoan 2 DiSu 308 BLTTDS nam 2015; cac Dilu 474, 476 BLDS nam 2005; Nghi quylt sd 326/2016/UBTVQH14 ngay 30/12/2016 cua Uy ban thudng vu Qudc bdi.
Chip nbdn khdng nghi cua VKSND tinh T. Sua Ban an ddn sy so thdm so 24/2018/DS-ST ngay 02/8/2018 cua TAND huyen D, tinh T. Chap nhdn yeu cdu kbdi kifn cua dng N ddi vdi dng H ve vifc "tranh chap hop ddng vay tdi san". Bude dng H cd trdeh nhifm trd cho dng N sd ti§n 55.525.000 ddng (nam muai ldm trifu nam ttdm hai muoi lam nghm ddng).
Ghi nhgn dng N va dng H khdng yeu cau bd L (vp cua dng H) cung lien ddi chiu trdch
Tap chi
3 4 I KIEM SAT- /Sd03(thang02/H)19)
NGHIEN CtfU - TRAO POI
nhifm ve s6 n p ndy. Ke tu ngay ben dupe thi hdnh dn cd don yeu cdu tbi banh an, neu ngudi phdi thi hdnh dn chua tbi hdnh xong sd ti§n neu tten, thi cdn phdi chiu ti§n Iai phdt sinh doi vdi sd tien cham trd tuong iing vdi thai gian cham trd theo mdc lai suit quy dinh tai khodn 2 Dilu 357 va Dilu 468 BLDS nam 2015.
Vi du 2: Nguyen dan Id dng Nguyin Van D va ba Ly Thi P tranh ehdp hop ddng vay tdi san vdi bi don Id dng Nguyin Hdng V; ngudi cd quyen Ipi nghia vy hen quan bd Nguyin Thi N.
Tdm tat n^i dung vy dn: 6 n g D vd bd P ed cho dng V va bd N vay sd tiln 40.000.000 ddng theo hai gidy bien nhdn (ngdy 17/05/2016 vay 20.000.000 ddng vd ngdy 10/7/2016 vay 20.000.000 ddng), Iai suit ttd hdng thdng Id 2,5%/tbdng, edn ttd Iheo vy liia 3%/thang. Ong V, bd N cd the chap 01 giay ehiing nhdn quyen sii dung ddt sd CH03248 eip ngdy 05/5/2014, cd difn tich 745,7m2 ddt ttdng, tpa lae xa BC, huyfn CP, tinh A. Sau khi vay, dng V bd N cd ddng Idi (theo giay bien nhan ngdy 17/5/2016 din ngdy 10/7/2016), edn gidy bien nbdn ngdy 10/7/2016 tbi ehua trd lai.
Nay dng D, ba P ydu cdu dng V, bd N trd Igi tiln vay 40.000.000d vd trd Iai ke tii ngdy vay den nay theo Iai sudt quy dinh ciia phdp luat. Tgi phidn tda, dgi difn nguyen don giii nguyen yeu cdu khdi kifn.
Nhdn dinh eiia Hpi ddng xet xu:
Ve npi dung giai quyet vu an; Ong D, bd P yeu edu vp chdng dng V, bd N tii tiln vay theo hai giiy bidn nhan np ngdy 17/5/2016 vay 20.000.000 ddng, ngdy 10/7/2017 vay 20.000.000 ddng, tdng edng Id sd tien da vay la 40.000.000 ddng. Tuy nhien, hai gidy bien nhan chi thS hifn dng V la ngudi ky vay tiln, khdng cd tgn ba N; do do, chi chip nhgn yeu cdu cda nguyen don ddi vdi dng V trd tien vay, khdng cd co sd bupe bd N cung
trd tiln. Tai phien tda, dai difn nguyen dan thua nhan 20.000.000 ddng vay theo giiy bien nhan ngdy 17/5/2016 da nhdn lai trudc 01 thdng vao ngdy vay nen gdc phia trdn ben trdi ed gbi ngay 17/6/2016 vd sau khi vay dng V trd lai them 01 thdng, mdi thdng Id 500.000 ddng, tiln lai cua khodn vay ndy da h a dupe 1.000.000 ddng; cdn 20.000.000 ddng theo bien nhdn na ngay 10/7/2016 da trd lai trudc vdo ngdy vay 01 thdng la 500.000 ddng nen phia tten ben trdi ciia gidy bien nbdn cd ghi ngdy 10/8/2016. Td khi vay d i n nay da hon 02 nam nhung dng V khdng trd tiln vay ndn dng D, bd P kbdi kien yeu edu trd vdn vay 40.000.000 ddng vd lai la ed can cii nen duoc chdp nhdn.
v l tiln lai, hai ben thda thugn lai vay 3%/thdng Id cao hon quy dinh nen can thiet phdi dilu chinh Iheo miic Iai quy dinb tgi khodn 1 Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005 cd miic lai bang 1,5 ldn Iai sudt c a bdn 9%/nam (Quylt dinh sd 2868/QD-NHNN ngay 29/11/2010 cua Ngdn hdng nhd nude Vift Nam) tii ngdy Idm gidy bien nhdn den ngdy xet xd. Sd tien Iai dupe tinh nhu sau;
Gidy bien nhdn ngdy 17/5/2016:
20.000.000 ddng x 13,5%/nam x 02 ndm 04 tiidng 24 ngdy - 6.480.000 ddng.
Gidy bien nhdn ngdy 10/7/2018:
20.000.000 ddng x 13,5%/nam x 02 nam 03 tiidng 01 ngdy - 6.082.000 ddng.
Ong D, bd P da nhan tien lai cua hai khoan vay Id l.OOO.OOOd + 500.000 ddng = 1.500.000 ddng nen dupe trii vdo lai. Ong V cdn phdi trd lai: 6.480.000 + 6.082.000 = 12.562.000 -1.500.000 = 10.062.000 ddng.
Nhu vdy, dng V cd nghia vu trd cho dng D, bd P tiln vdn 40.000.000 ddng, lai 11.062.000 ddng, tdng cdng 51.062.000 ddng. Ong V the chap cho dng D, bd P 01 gidy ehung nhdn quyen su dyng ddt sd CH03248 cdp ngdy 05/5/2014 do dng V diing ten de bdo ddm trd tien vay. Vifc t h i
Sd03(thang02y2019}\
Tap chi -KIEM SAT I 3 5
(Xjtian Xu ^ i 2019
ehdp hai ben khdng lap hpp ddng the chip bdng van bdn cd chiing thye bode cdng chiing eiia eo quan cd thdm quyen vd chua dupe ddng ky the chap nen khdng cd hifu luc phdp lugt. 6 n g D, bd P cd nghia vu tta Iai gidy chiing nhdn quyen su dyng ddt cho dngV.
Tgi Bdn dn sd 200/2018/DS-ST ngdy 11/10/2018 cda TAND huyfn C, tinh A da quyet dinh:
Can cu vdo khoan 3 Dilu 26, dilm a khoan 1 Dieu 35, Dilu 266, khodn 1 E)ilu 273 BLTTDS nam 2015; Dilu 474, Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005; Dilu 26 Nghi quylt sd 326/2016/UBTVQH14 ngdy 30/12/2016 v l quy dinb ve miic thu, miln, giam, thu, nop, qudn ly va su dyng dn phi vd If phi Tda an.
C h i p nhdn yeu eau khdi kifn cua nguySn don dng D va ba P ve hpp ddng vay tdi sdn.
Bufe dng V cd nghia vy ttd dng D va ba P vdn vay 40.000.000 ddng va tiln lai 11.062.000 ddng, tdng cdng 51.062.000 ddng (nam muoi mdt ttieu khdng ttam sdu muai hai nghin ddng),
Ke tii ngdy dng D, bd P ed don ySu edu thi hdnh an, dng V khdng thanh todn sd tien neu tren thi cdn phdi tra lai theo ldi sudt quy dinh tai khodn 2 Dilu 368 BLDS nam 2015 tten sd tien vdn tuang iing vdi thdi gian ehdm thi hdnh an.
Ong D, ba P cd nghia vu tra lai cho dng V 01 gidy chiing nhdn quyen sii dung dat sd CH03248 do Uy ban nban ddn huyen CP edp ngay 05/5/2014. Ngoai ra, bdn dn cdn quyet dinh v6 dn phi...
Nhu vdy, ddi vdi eae ttanh chdp hop ddng cho vay tai san ma ehu thi cho vay khdng phdi la TCTD thi co quan tu phdp da dp dung quy dinh ve trdn lai suit ttong BLDS nam 2005 de gidi quylt. Mpi trudng hpp cho vay vupt ttdn lai sudt deu dupe tda an giai quylt theo hudng phin Iai vupt ttdn
lai sudt quy dinh ttong BLDS nam 2005 deu vd hifu.
Trong cae vy dn thupc vi dy n6u ttgn, cd vy an xudt hifn van de dp dyng dieu khoan chuyin tilp chua chuan xdc ddi vdi giao dich dupe xae lap trudc ngdy BLDS nam 2015 cd hifu lyc, nhung do khdng gan vdi chu d l bai viet ndy, nen tac gid ehua de cap.
1.3, Nh^n xet chung vi thyc tiin vS dp dftngphdp lu^t cua Toa dn dexir ly ve lai sudt cho vay giita cdc chu the
Thdng qua cdc vu an neu tten, cd the nhdn thdy co quan giai quyet tranh chdp da dp dyng e h l dinh hpp ddng vay tdi sdn dupe quy dinh frong BLDS ndm 2005 khde nhau ddi vdi tung loai chu the tham gia loai hop ddng ndy.
Khi Tda dn cdp sa thdm, cdp phuc tham gidi quyet tranh ehdp tgi thdi diem BLDS nam 2005 dang cd bieu lyc da ehdp nhdn cho chu the cho vay la eae td ehiic tin dung duoc ty do thda thugn ve Iai sudt, khdng bi khdng ehe ve ttan Iai suat duoe quy dinh tai Dilu 476 BLDS nam 2005. Tren thyc t l ciing khdng cd bat ky mdt vy ttanh chip hpp ddng tin dyng ndo vupt trdn lai suit bi Chdnh an TAND tdi cao khang nghi v l Iy do nay, ttong khi dd viee eho vay vupt trin lai sudt cua cac chu the khae d l u dupe Tda an cdp so thim, Tda dn e i p phuc thdm dilu ehinh Iai lai suit khi hai ben thda thudn lai suit vupt trdn. Nhiing trudng hpp khi xet xu, Tda an cdp so thdm, phiie thim khdng dieu chinh Iai pban Iai suit vupt qud cao so vdi quy dinh cua BLDS nam 2005 tiii dlu bi iigudi ed thdm quyen khdng nghi khi ed khilu nai theo thu tuc gidm ddc thim.
Vifc ap dyng phdp ludt nhu vdy cd hi coi la Tda an da dp dyng sai phdp ludt? N l u cho rang vifc dp dyng phdp Iuat ciia Tda an Id diing thi dya tten c a sd ndo cua phap ludt?
Vi sao Igi ed su dp dung e h l dinh hpp ddng vay tdi sdn ttong BLDS nam 2005 vd BLDS
Tap chi
»D I K I E M S A T _ /So 03 (thang 02/2019)
NGHIEN CUV - TRflO POI
nam 2015 khac nhau giiia hai logi chu the ma v ^ dupe coi la diing? Mudn tra ldi chinh xae cac cau hdi nay thi can phdi Idm rd hai van de:
Mdt Id, each thiet ke va hudng tiep can cua BLDS nam 2005 va BLDS nam 2 0 i 5 Id gidng nhau hay khac nhau, ddc biet Id ve vi tti, vai ttd cda BLDS vdi ludt khde? Co sd dp dung ch8 dinh hpp ddng vay tai san khac nhau?
Hai Id, cd luat nao cd quy dinh khac ve van d8 Idi sudt khdng, neu ed la quy dinh ndo?
Khi bdn ve viec dp dyng che dinh hpp ddng vay tdi san frong BLDS nam 2005 va BLDS nam 2015, frong gidi nghien ciiu, nha quan ly hay co quan tu phdp deu cd chung nhgn thiic thdng nhat la ddi vdi cdc chu the khae (khdng phai TCTD) khi cho vay khdng duae vupt ttan lai suat dupe quy dinh frong BLDS nam 2005 va BLDS nam 2015.
Tuy nhien, tii khi BLDS nam 2015 dupe tiidng qua eho tdi ngdy 01/01/2017 (ngay BLDS nam 2015 cd hieu luc), tinh den nay, BLDS nam 2015 di vdo cupc sdng dupe frdn hai ndm nhung ludn tdn tai quan diem khde nhau ve dp dung quy dinh nay cua BLDS doi vdi chu t h i Id TCTDi. Vi vdy, vifc lam rd ca sd khoa hpc, co sd phap ly cho vifc dp dung khac nhau ve npi dung neu tten ddi vdi mdi loai ehu the tai tiidi dilm BLDS nam 2005 dang cd hieu lyc khdng chi nhdm ly giai thyc tien xet xu d thdi dilm trudc, md cdn giiip chiing ta tiep can BLDS nam 2015 sau sac, todn difn, tii do, dp dung chi dinh hpp ddng vay tdi sdn frong BLDS nam 2015 dupe tdt hon.
2. Sir khac nhau trong ap dung che dinh hop dong vay tai san trong Bp luat Ddn sy
1. Tham khao bai "Mot so vdn de ve lai sudt thoa thudn trong hcrp dong vay tdi sdn " ciia tac gia Tucfng Duy Lugng, Tap chi Kilm sAt s6 02/2019.
n a m 2005 va Bo ludt Ddn sy nam 2015 2,1. Diem khde bift trong tiip can giita hai Bg luat Ddn su
2.1.1. Ve Bd lugt Ddn su ndm 2005 Mac du khodn 1 Dilu 1 BLDS nam 2005 ed quy dinh: "Bp ludt Dan sy quy dinh dia vi phdp Iy, chudn myc phap ly cho each dng xu cua ea nhdn, phap nhan, chu the khac;
quyen, nghia vy ciia cac chu the v& nhan than vd tai san ttong cde quan he d^i sy, hdn nhan va gia dmh, kinh doanh, thuong mgi, lao ddng" (sau ddy gpi chung la quan bf dan su), nhung khi nghien ciiu, tdc gid nhgn thiy BLDS nam 2005 da khdng dupe thiet ke theo hudng day la ludt chung, co ban dieu chinh chung eho cdc quan bf ndi tten, eac lugt khac thupc linh vyc nay phai tten CO sd quy dinh cua BLDS (ndi ndm na la BLDS nam 2005 khdng duae tiiilt k l theo hudng la ludt "me" theo dung nghia).
Co sd cho ket ludn ndy Id:
Mdt Id, BLDS nam 2005 khdng cd quy dinh nao mang tinh nguyen tde rang budc cae luat khac cd hen quan dieu chinh quan he dan sy frong cdc Imh vye cu the khdng dupe trai BLDS nam 2005 va nguyen tic xii ly khi luat khac cd Uen quan cd quy dinh trai vdi nguyen tac co bdn cua BLDS nam 2005.
Hai la, frong rdt nhieu dieu thude cac chi dinh khac nhau cua BLDS nam 2005 da
"md cua rat rdng" cho cdc quan hf md BLDS nam 2005 dieu chinh cd the dupe quy dinh khac, dp dung khde vdi BLDS nam 2005, bang viee BLDS nam 2005 quy dinh: "Tru trudng hpp phap luat cd quy dinh khae" hoac "do phap lugt quy dinh"...
Vdi quy dinh nay ludt khac cd lien quan dieu chinh quan he ddn sy ttong linh vyc cu thi, hoac van ban dudi Iuat chi bang mpt quy dinh "khac" Id dupe dp dung khac vdi BLDS nam 2005.
Ba Id, khoan 3 Dieu 83 Ludt ban hanh van ban quy phgm phdp ludt nam 2008 quy
Sd03(1hang02/2019}\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 3 7
%uan
Xu KM2019
dinh: "Trong tiirdng hpp cac van bdn quy phgm phap lugt do cung mpt co quan ban bdnh ma cd quy dinh khde nhau ve eung mpt vdn de thi dp dung quy dinh ciia van bdn dupe ban hdnh sau"; day Id quy dinh cd tinh nguyen tie ve hudng xu Iy khi cac ludt do cung mpt co quan ban hdnh quy dinh khde nhau ve eung mdt vdn de vd 6\xqc tiep can theo thdi diem ban bdnh (tiirde - sau), chu khdng tiep can theo "thd bgc" cua vdn ban Iuat. Caeh tiep can nay ddp ung dupe nhung van de cu the ttong thdi diem eu thS (cd tinh chien thuat), nhung khdng bdo ddm tinh thdng nhdt xuyen sudt eua he thdng phap lugt va se tao nguy co chia cat ttong be thdng phdp ludt.
Do do, cung vdi vife BLDS nam 2005
"md rdng cua" eho van dhn dudi lugt quy dinh khde vdi BLDS nam 2005, tiii khodn 3 Dieu 83 Ludt ban hdnh van ban quy phgm phap ludt nam 2008 cd y nghia quan ttong eho cae quy dinh khde so vdi BLDS ndm 2005. Dieu dd ciing ed nghia ring nhiing vdn de md cae van bdn phdp luat da quy dinh khde vdi BLDS ndm 2005 ve cung mpt vdn 6h, ma van bdn ludt dupe ban hdnh sau thi se dp dung cac vdn bdn phap ludt dd, chii khdng dp dung BLDS nam 2005.
Trong quan he tin dung, mdt logi hop ddng vay tdi sdn da cd ludt chuyen ngdnh dilu chmh. Tai Dilu 91 Ludt cae TCTD quy dinh ve Iai sudt, phi ttong hogt ddng kinh doanh tin dung nhu sau:
"1. Td ehiic tm dyng dupe quyin dn dinh va phdi niem yit cdng khai miic Iai suit huy ddng vdn, muc phi eung iing dich vu ttong hogt ddng kinh doanh cua TCTD.
2. Td chiic tin dyng va khach bdng cd quyen thda thugn ve lai suit, phi cip tm dyng ttong hogt dpng ngdn hdng eua td chiic tin dung theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
3. Trong trudng hpp hogt dpng ngdn hang cd diln biln bit thudng, dl bao ddm
an toan cua hf thdng TCTD, Ngdn hang nhd nude cd quyin quy dinh ca ehl xdc dinh phi, lai suit frong boat dpng kinh doanh cua TCTD".
Dilu 91 Ludt eae TCTD nam 2010 khdng quy dinh true tiSp vl Iai suit md chi quy dinh chung Id: "Td ehiic tin dyng va khdch hang cd quyen thda thudn vd lai suit, phi cdp tin dung ttong boat ddng ngan hang cua TCTD...". NIU khodn 2 Dilu 91 Ludt ede TCTD nam 2010 cbi dung tgi diem viia trieh din ihi Lugt cac TCTD ndm 2010 se vd hifu hda tit cd ede quy dinh cua BLDS nam 2005 vd BLDS nam 2015 ve phan quy dinh vS lai sudt (neu BLDS ed quy dinh cy the ve phi tbi eiing se bi vd hifu hda), nhung vi lien sau quy dinh ve quyen hai ben ty do thda thuan ve lai sudt Id cum tu "theo quy dinh eiia phdp ludt". Chinh ddy Id diem chdt cuoi Cling tao ra sy khde bift khi dp dyng BLDS nam 2005 vd BLDS nam 2015 vl vdn dS Iai sudt giua ben cho vay la TCTD vdi ben cho vay khdng phai Id TCTD.
De bifn thuc hda y tudng "theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt", thi tgi khodn 3 Dieu 91 Ludt cdc TCTD nam 2010 da ttao quyen cho "Ngdn hdng nha nude cd quySn quy dinh ea che xde dinh phi, lai suat ttong hoat dpng kinh doanh cua TCTD". Nhu vdy, mdt ldi re khde ve lai sudt da dupe md ra. Do dd, hoan todn cd co sd 6h khdng dinh BLDS nam 2005 khdng nhirng chua cd quy dinh Ludt khac phai coi BLDS nam 2015 Id ludt "me" ma edn md eiia rdng ban cho cdc van ban dudi ludt dieu ehinh quan he dan sy "tung hodnh".
De ldm ro ban ndi dung tten, cd le phdi binh ludn them rdng du ehd dinh hop ddng vay tdi sdn cua BLDS nam 2005 khdng quy dinh theo hudng md eua tive tiep eho vdn bdn dudi lugt quy dinh ve Iai sudt, do dd, de van ban dudi ludt quy dinh vl ty do thda thuan Iai sudt cd hifu lyc phdi dya vao hai
Tap chi
3 8 I KIEM SAT- / S o 03 (thang 02/2019)
NGHIEN CUV - TRflO POI
logi quy dinh ttong cae ludt khac;
Mgt Id, quy dinb tai khodn 3 Dieu 83 Ludt ban hdnh van bdn quy phgm phdp lugt nam 2008.
Hai Id. quy dinh "theo quy dinh ciia phdp Iuat" tai khodn 2 Luat cdc TCTD nam 2010.
Cdc quy dinh ndy da tao e a sd phap ly cho Ngdn hang nhd nude cd quyen xdc dinh Iai suat cho vay (tu do thda thudn hay muc trdn) eiia cdc TCTD. Dii van bdn eua Ngdn hang nha nude quy dinh ve van de lai suat Id van ban dudi ludt, nhung nhu phdn tich d tten, van ban nay khdng bi chi phdi, rdng buOc bdi quy dinh ve Iai suat ttong BLDS nam 2005, n6n cdc quy dinh vS ty do thda tiiugn lai sudt ttong quan hf tin dung tgi cdc van ban dudi lugt eua Ngan bdng nhd nude (tai thdi diem BLDS ndm 2005 cd hifu lye) la hodn todn hpp phdp. Vi vay, cde TCTD can eur vdo quy dinh cua Ngdn hang nha nude d l thda Ihudn v l ldi suit vdi khach hdng, du cd vupt trdn lai sudt dupe quy dinh ttong BLDS nam 2005 vdn cd gid tn phap Iy. Rieng ddi vdi cdc chu the cho vay khae khdng cd mpt van bdn quy phgm phdp Iuat ndo quy dinb eho phep cac chu t h i ndy dupe ty do thda thudn ldi sudt. Do dd, cde chu till ndy phdi tuan thu quy dinh v l lai sudt dupe quy dinh ttong BLDS ndm 2005.
2.1.2. Ve Bg ludt Ddn sv nam 2015 Dii khodn 1 D i l u 1 BLDS nam 2015 khdng quy dinh ro se dieu ehinh "cdc quan hf dan sy, hdn nhan vd gia dinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai, lao dOng", song v l n phdi h i l u BLDS nam 2015 d i l u ehinh cdc quan bf ndy. Bd luat Ddn sy nam 2015 ed phuang phdp tiep can tuong ddi nhit qudn, ro rdng theo hudng khang dinh BLDS nam 2015 Id ludt chung, Iuat co ban d i l u ehinh ehung cho cdc quan he ndi tten, cac ludt khde thupc ITnh vyc ndy (ttong dd cd ludt chuyen ngdnh) khdng dupe frdi, md phdi tten co sd quy dinh eua
BLDS nam 2015 d l triln khai, phat tiien nhung vdn d l cu t h i , ed tinh dde thu. C o sd cho ket ludn ndy la;
Mdt la. tgi Dilu 4 BLDS nam 2015 da quy dinh rd i ^ y e n tdc dp dyng BLDS nam 2015 vd khi ndo ludt khde cd hen quan dieu chinh quan he ddn sy trong cdc Uhh vue cy the ma "trdi vdi ede nguyen tac co bdn cua phdp ludt ddn sy..." se khdng dupe dp dyng.
Hai Id, thay vi quy dinh "trir trudng hpp phdp lugt ed quy dinh khac" nhu BLDS nam 2005, ddi vdi nhiing vdn d l ed nguy ea dnh hudng den quyen ddn sy thi BLDS nam 2015 quy dinh "trii trudng hpp Bd ludt ndy, ludt khdo cd lien quan quy dinh khac",
"khdng vi phgm dieu cam cua luat", "tru trudng hpp cde ben cd ttida thudn khde hoac ludt cd quy dinh khae"... chii khdng phdi Id
"phdp ludt" nhu BLDS nam 2005, nhdm bdo ddm quyin dan sy, cao ban la quySn con ngudi da dupe Hiin phdp nam 2013 quy dinh.
Sy thay ddi each tilp cdn dupe the hien ttong BLDS nam 2015 tao sy khac bift rdt quan frpng khdng cbi frong qua hinh xdy dyng ludt khde, md ed frong dp dung ludt so vdi BLDS nam 2005.
Tu cdc phdn tich fren, cd co sd ket lugn tai thdi dilm BLDS nam 2005 ed hifu lyc, viee cdc Tda an cbi dp dung BLDS nam 2005 d l dilu chinh v l lai suit cho vay ddi vdi cdc chu the khde, ma khdng dp dyng ddi vdi chu tbi eho vay Id eae TCTD, khdng dp dung BLDS nam 2005 de xem xet ve lai suit cd vupt trdn bay khdng ddi vdi cdc hpp ddng tin dyng Id hodn todn diing ddn.
Do chua tiidm thau dupe nhung vdn de CO ban, cd tinh nguyen ly, ehua thay dupe sy khac biet co ban giiia hai BLDS, nen thdi gian qua da xuat bien nhung sai Idm ttong qua trinh hilu, dp dung ehl djnh "hpp ddng vay tdi sdn" dae biet Id vdn de lai suat tixmg BLDS ndm 2015.
So 03 (thang 02/2019) \
Tap chi -KIEM SAT 1 3 9
%udn Xu K&i 2019
2,2, Doi diiu suy ngdm neu "thd noi"
ldi sudt cho vay
Dudi gdc nhin thyc tien, thdi diem BLDS nam 2005 cd hieu lue, khi eho eae TCTD dupe ty do thda tbudn ldi suat nen da ed nhung hpp ddng tin dung cho vay vdi lai suit qua cao, Ien tdi 45% bay 60%, thdm chi tr&i 70%/ndm eua khodn tiln vay vdn dupe chap nhan vd hifn nay do chua thay ddi nhdn tiidc nen vdn dang diln ra tmh trgng tuong ty.
Mdt cdu hdi md cdc nha qudn Iy phdi tta Idi thda ddng, vdi miie lai suit cao chdt vdt neu khdng su dung tien vay de budn lau...
boge khdng thupc dgng kinh doanh cu the nhd Ipi the nhu dng Vii Quin Phuong de cap "Ciing Igi nhd nhung vi ehu ddu tu biet nhin xa chiim rdng, tan dung dupe ehd yeu long eua chii'c sde cd quyen de mua ddt re bdn nhd ddt, bien dia bat bdt dpng sdn thdnh noi sieu lpi nhuan ...", neu khdng dupe uu di tii lpi ieh nhdm thi dau tu vdo dau cd thi sinh ldi du de trd lai tien vay TCTD (d muc cao nhu vi dy tten) rad vdn c6 Ipi nhuan, cd the tdi ddu tu dupe? Lifu nen kmh tl ed thi cdt cdnh? Ngudi dan ttong hodn ednh khd khdn, bdt ddc dT phai vay vdi lai sudt 70%/ndm lifu ed gap khd khan khi ttd cd gdc va lai eao ngdt?
Gid thiet khi co ehl tdi ehinh khdng thyc sy hd ttp ngudi dan, doanh nghifp, dac biet Id ngudi dan, doanh nghifp tryc tilp sdn xuit ra bang hda va cdc dich vu phye vu cho nd thi nen kinh te se di vl ddu? Ndu tdt cd cdc TCTD deu cho vay vdi ldi suit qud eao nhu nhiing vi du tten tiii dii ttong ngdn hgn, tm dyng cd tang trudng, cd lai tiidm chi lpi nhuan cao nhung Idu dai thi...? Day Id mdt cdu hdi khdng qud khd ttd Idi.
Do do, du che dinh hpp ddng vay tdi sdn
2. Bao Tmh hoa viet so 90, ngay 25/12/2018.
ttong BLDS nam 2015 cdn cd dilm tdc gid thdy bdn khoan (de cap trong cdc bai viet ban ve phat Iai ehdm trd Iai), nhimg ve co bdn, tde gia nhdn thdy ed nhilu uu didm.
Tdm lai, vdi nhiing phdn tich ttSn, xet vl sy tuan thu phdp Iuat, tiiupng tdn phdp ludt ttong dp dung BLDS nam 2005 (eua cde chu the cd lien quan) khdng cd gi phdi ban khoan. Tuy nbiSn, dieu cd the bdn la, ttong CO che thi trudng va nen kinh tl ciia Vift Nam da, dang tiep tue hpi nhap ngdy cdng sdu rdng vdo nen kinh te the gidi thi vdn dl ndi ttSn edn phdi luu tdm. Cd ndn sii dung sy bdo hp eua nhd nude ttong vdn de nay ddi vdi mpt logi ehu the tten thuang tmdng, tgo ra sy bat bmh dang giiia cae ehii the?
Quy dinh ttong BLDS nam 2015 tao nen tdng eho sy binh dang ttong quan hf ddn sy giua eac ehu the ttong thyc tl (ehii khdng phdi Id Iy thuyet nhu trudc ddy). Chinh vi le do ma ttong bdi viet tmdc, tac gid da thS hien tdm dac vdi che dinh hpp ddng vay tdi sdn ndi rieng vd rdt thii vi khi BLDS nam 2015 da bd tii "phap", ma cbi giii Iai tir
"luat" frong nhieu quy dinh. Tuy chi bd tu
"phap" nhimg chua dung nhieu dieu ttong dd, ma trudc tien phai ke dSn vifc gdp phdn ehuyen hda nhung quy dinh ve quydn cdng dan, quyen con ngudi ttong Hien phap nam 2013 vdo eudc song ddn sy, du van biet rang de ttd thdnh mdt phdn ttong ddi thyc cdn can tdi sy tan tam, ru bd loi ich nhdm eua cd CO quan thuc thi, ngudi tiiyc thi phdp ludt.
Van biet ddu dd cdn bdn khodn, lo lang ve nhiing tu tudng nhdn van, tiln bd ttong Hien phdp nam 2013, BLDS nam 2015 bao gid mdi ed sy bifn huu ttdn ddy ttong cupe sdng, nhung can phdi thdy chiing ta da cd cay "quy^n trupng" la Hiin phap nam 2013, BLDS nam 2015... de ddu tranh bdo vf sy cdng bang, binh dang, tdn ttpng quyen ddn sy, quyen edng dan, quyen con ngudi ttong luc ndy, dd Id niem tin cdn luu giii.Cl
Tap cbi
*0 I KIEM SAT- /So 03 (thang 0^2019)
