^1
Dien ddn Pliat trienH^
Gia san djch vu xep dd container
khu vUc cang bien nUdc sau Cai Mep - Thj Vai:
MOT DIEM NHAN CHINH SACH
ThS. T R A N QUANG HUY
T
rade tinh trang canh tranh giam gia bat hop iy ddi vdi djch vu xep, dd container khu vac cang nUdc sau Cdi Mep-Thi Vfii trong thdi gian gan day, gay thiet hai Idn cho doanh nghiep cang, tham hut ngudn thu ngan sach nha nudc, vUa qua Cue Hdng hdi Viet Nam, Bd Giao thdng van tdi, BdTai chfnh va cac co quan hdu quan da cd nhdng budc di thiet thuc vd quylt dinh ve co che, chinh sdch the hien dUOc vai trd dieu t i l t cd dinh hUdng cua Nhd nUdc ddi vdi thi trudng. Xung quanh van de ap mUc gia san ddi vdi dich vu nay, cdn cd mdt sd y kien khac nhau. Bai viet sau day se lam sang td them quylt sach nay cfla Nha nUdc, mpt diem nhan chinh sdch trong tinh hinh hien nay.TrUdc het, gia dich vy xep, d d container khu vUc cfing nudc sdu Cai Mep-Thj Vfii theo nhan dinh cfla BdTai chinh da dap flng day dfl cac tieu chf de dupc Nha nudc thuc hien binh dn gia theo quy djnh tai Luat Gia dupc Qudc hdi thdng qua, cd hidu lUc k l tU 01/01 /2013. Cu t h i :
ThU n h l t , quy djnh tai Diem a, Khoan l,Oieu 15 thi tieu chi hang hda, djch vu thuc hien binh dn gia la: "Nguyen vat lieu, nhien lieu, vat lieu va dich vu chinh cho san xuat va luu thdng".
ThU hai, quy djnh tai Khoan 1,Dieu 16 ve cac trUdng hop dupe thue hien binh dn gia la:
a) Khi gifi hang hda, djch vu thude Danh muc quy dinh tai Khodn 2, Dieu 15 eua Luat nay cd bien ddng bat thudng;
1 2 - T a p c h i H a n g h a i V i e t N a m • 4/2013
b) Khi mat b l n g gifi bien ddng anh hudng den dn dmh kinh te-xa hdi.
Nhu vay, dich vy xep d d container khu vUe cdng bien nude sfiu Cai Mep-Thj Vai tuy khdng nam trong danh muc hdng hda, dich vu thue hien binh dn gia theo Khofin 2,Bleu 15 cua Luat Gia nhung dfl tidu chf va dfl dieu kien xep vao loai hang hda dupc Nhd nudc thuc hien binh on gifi theo phan tieh neu trdn. Tuy nhien, de phu hpp vdi cfic cam ket WTO vd chinh sdch gia theo cO c h l thj trUdng, gidm suean thiep cfla Nha nudc vao hoat dpng kmh doanh cfla doanh nghiep, Bd Tdi chinh de nghi "Khdng ndn dUa dich vu nay vdo danh muc binh dn gifi chfnh thdc md chi nen thuc hien thi diem trong thdi han 24 thang, sau thdi gian thUc hien thi diem Chfnh phu bfio cfio Oy ban Thudng vy Qudc hoi xem xet quyet djnh vile bd sung chfnh thflc djch vy xep dfl container vao danh muc hang hda, djch vu binh dn gia de dp dgng thdng nhat trong cfi nUdc-nlu thay can thilt"[l].
Cdu hdi 1 dat ra: Viec bien dgng cua gid dich vu xep d8 container khu vUc dnh hUcmg nhtf the nao den dn dinli kinh te-xa hgi?
Trudc thue te phdt sinh ve viec dua nhau gidm gid dich vu xep d d bat hop ly d l c h i p nhan cd tau vao lam hang tai eac d n g bien khu vUc Cdi Mep-Thj Vai lam eho gifi dich vg xep, d d container chi cdn bang khofing 50% so vdi gia thdnh (tinh tai diem hda vdn dau tu), gay thua 16 ndng cho
cdc doanh nghidp cdng. Don cii nhu sd lidu hoat ddng kinh doanh eua 03 cdng da di vao khai thac thude Tdng cdng ty Hang hfii Vidt Nam (Vinalines) gdm CMiX SP-PSA vd SSIT t?i khuvUendy Id:
-Ndm 2009: Id 376 trddng.
- Nfim 2010:16 518 ty ddng.
- Nam 2011:16 550 ty ddng.
- Udc nam 2012:16 4651? ddng. Tdng 16 4 ndm: 1.909 ty ddng, tuong dUOng 93,1 t r i i u dd-la My. Cu t h i :
Tinh hinh kinh doanh cda 03 cing lidn doanh cOa Vinalines vh 16 cda phia Viet Nam
DVT: Tri^u ddng
CMIT SP-PSA
SSIT
Cong
B|20i)j
-66.217 -288.121
-21.826
-376.164
|m<]nin
-123.347 -313.640
-81.221
-518.208
isos^oa
- 262.945 -180.532
-107.517
-550.994
r l/«c2012 -307.370 -157.500 Xem x6t dCrng da tin trong 4
nam -464.870 (Nguon: Bdo cdo cOa Vinalines tgi C6ng van s6: 2642/HHVN- QLiaCB ngdy 01/11/2012)
Tinh hinh thua 16 ndu tren ed cac nguydn nhdn:
- Cfing mdi dau tu, sd luwig tdu ra vao cfing edn chua n h i l u .
- Canh tranh gay g i t gifla cac cfing trong khu vUc dan d i n gifim gid x i p dd container dudi gid thdnh.
Thdi gian tdi, dudi tdc ddng cfla chenh Idch t^ gia, dp Ige trfeh k h i u hao do mdc dau t u tang theo Id trinh cam kit, trd no vay va lai vay ngan hang se t i l p tuc d i y cdc cfing vao tinh trang thua Id nang hon. Cdng CMIT d u kien tU ndm 2013 den 2015 se t h i l u hut ddng t i l n khoang 26,1 trieu dd-la My n l u t i l p tuc khdng cd gia sdn dupc fip dgng.
NhuTig he Igy tren d i n d i n vide se cd sU djch chuyin vdn nha nUdc cfla cfie cfing lien doanh trong khu vUe do Vinalines gdp vdn d l chuyen sang ddi tac nudc ngodi, mat quyen d i l u hdnh, qufin trj cfla doanh nghiip nhd nUde ddi vdi cfing qudc t l trpng d i l m cua Viet Nam. Doi vdi ngan sfieh nhd nude se m i t nguon thu t h u i thu nhdp doanh nghiip, chdm thu eac loai thue, phf khfic n h u t h u l gid trj gia tang, t h u i tai nguydn mdi trudng... do sUthua 16 cfla cdc cdng nfiy.
Bd Giao thdng vdn tdi cung cd danh gid eho r i n g : "Vide duy tri gid bdc x i p thap n l u tren gay ra suthidt haichocdc nhd dau t u d n g , nhUng lai ed Ipi cho cdc chfl tfiu. Cfie doanh nghiep edng cd ddi tdc lien doanh la cfie tap dodn vdn tdi b i l n Idn hodc cac chfl tau vi vay chu y l u doanh nghidp cdng dau t u cua Vidt Nam bi thidt hai trong khi dd cdc nhd dau t u nUde ngodi tuy thidt hai chung trong k i t qufi eua l i l n doanh nhung thu lai Ipi nhuan cao vdi vai trd chu tfiu (do eUdc x i p dd thap) vfi dfiy Id bleu hien eua hdnh ddng ehuyin 16 vdo FDI di thu Ipi cfla nhfi d i u t u nude ngofii"[2].
Cdu hdi 2 ddt ra: Viec dp dung gid sdn cd Idm tdng gid hdng hda nhdp khdu, xuat khdu hay khdng?
Trong cUdc phf van tdi bang dudng bien gdm eUdc van tdi hang vfi chi phf x i p dd hang hda tai cfing b i l n x u l t / nhap, ede hang tdu gpi khodn nay Ifi phu phf x i p dd - THC (Terminal handling charge). Cde hang tdu thu phi THC cfla
chfl hang di trd cho doanh nghidp khai thdc edng cho tdc nghidp x i p dd hfing hda. Khofing giijfa ndm 2007, h i u h i t cac hang tdu nUdc ngodi da I p dung tfich phf THC ra ngodi cUdc vdn tdi dUdng b i l n do chi phf x i p dd hang hda trd cho doanh nghidp cdng b l n g ddng ndi te cfla nudc cd cfing, trong khi cudc vfin tdi dudng b i l n tfnh theo dd-la My.
Chi phi binh qudn d u thdnh phiTHC tai Vidt Nam khofing 82 USD eho 1 container 20' vd 121 USD ddi vdi 1 container 40', trong dd ehO y l u Id eUdc x i p dd container:
- Container 20': x i p d d cont vd vd cont tii tdu - bai: 67 USD;
- Container 40': x i p dd cont vd vd cont Xii tdu - bai: 100 USD.
Thuc t l h i l n nay, cdc hdng tdu da thu phiTHC ddi vdi cfie nhd x u l t nhfip k h i u tai khu viic Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) khofing 85 USD ddi vdi 1 container 20'vd 125 USD ddi vdi 1 container 40'[3].
Nhu vdy, cung vdi vile suy thodi cfla kinh t l todn c i u , trong dd dnh hudng manh d i n ngdnh Van tfii b i l n , hdng hfii t h i gidi ndi chung vd Viet Nam ndi ridng cung vdi hidn tupng m i t cdn ddi eung-clu, canh tranh khdc l i l t tai khu vuc Cfii Mep-Thj Vfii, cfie hang tau l i l n tue tao sUe dp d l gid xep dd container khu vUe elng nudc sau Cai Mdp-Thi Vfii t i l p tuc xudng t h i p de hUdng Ipi (gid x i p dd container khu vue ed thdi d i l m xudng thap ehi dat khoang 50% phi THC ma hang tau thu cfla nhfi xuat nhdp khau).
Vi vay, cd t h i nhdn djnh, viec fip dgng gia sdn x i p dd cao hon mat bang gid thUc t l h i l n tai n h i m budc cdc cdng nUdc sau khu vUe khdng dUpc thu thap hdn gid san se khdng lam tang ehi phf vdn chuyin ddi vdi chu hang, khdng dnh hUdng d i n eUde van tdi b i l n cfla hang tau va ddng nghta vdi vide khdng I n h h u ^ g d i n gifi hang hda nhap khau, xuat k h i u . (Kysau ddng tiep)
TAlLliUTHAIVIKHAO:
[1 ]. T6 trinh so 120/rTr-BTC ngfiy 17/12/2012 cCia B6 Tdi chfnh trlnh ThCi tudng Chfnh phO v^ tdng hpp y kien, gidi trinh tiep thu
•) ki^n cac thiinh vi^n Chfnh phis b\iu quyet doi vdi di nghi: Chfnh phCi trinh UBTVQH xem x6t thf di^m thUc hi|n binh on gid c6 thdi han djch vu xip dd container khu vUc cdng nUdc sau Cai M^p-Thj Vdi.
[2]. Cdng van s6 5963/BGTVT-KHDT ngay 24/7/2012 cua Bo GTVT gOI Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec to chiJc quan ly khai thdc ddng bd, hi^u qufi c^c bin cdng khu vuc Cai Mep-Thj Vki.
[3]. Cong van sd 1041 /HHVN-QLKTCB ngay 10/5/2012 cOa Tdng cdng ty HHVN gCii Bd GTVT bfio cao ve viec de xuat mdc gia san xip da container khu vUc Cdi M^p-Thj Vfii.
[4]. Bfio cfio cda Chfnh phfl s6 36/BC-CP ng^y 01/02/2013 gdi UBTVQH bao cfio ve vide thf diem thUc hien binh on gifi xip dd container khu vUc cfing biln nUdc sau Cai Mep-Thj Vfii, tinh Bd Ria- VungTeiu.
[5]. Cdng vdn sd 7711/BGTVT-KHDT ngay 18/11/2011 cfla B6 GTVT gCri Thfl tudng Chfnh phfl ve viec quy hoach va dau tU phfit trien he thong cfing biln ViSt Nam.
[6]. Mot sd tai lidu tham khdo khac.
