C H U Y E N MUC
VAN HOC - N G O N N G a HOC - NGHIEN CCfU VAN H O A - NGHE THUAT
MOT S6 V A N Bt ve
V A N Hpc DICH d NU-dC TA HIEN NAY
N G U Y i N HUY P H 6 N G
Van hqc dich li mpt bd phin trpng yiu ciia ddi sing vin h<?c, ddng vai trd li ciy cau kit nil, giao luu giu-a van hda, van hpc Viet Nam vdi cac nudc trin thi gidi.
Trong gin 30 nam dii mdi vira qua, mang van hpc dich da dat duac nhiiu thinh tuu trong viec quang bi, gidi thiiu vin hpc Viet Nam ra nudc ngoii vi nguoc lai, gdp phin lim cho ddi sing van hoc thim phong phu, da dang. Tuy nhiin ben canh nhirng thinh tuu di dat duvc. cdng tic dich thuit cOng cdn bdc Id nhiiu han chi, bit dp trudc nhung yiu ciu, dii hdi cOa tinh hinh mdi. Vi thi vipc nhin nhin. dinh gii lai nhung mat tich cue vi ci nhirng han chi cua vin hpe dich trong nhirng nim qua li viic lim cin thiit, nhat li trong boi canh hpi nhip toin ciu hiin nay.
1. VAI TRO, Vj THE CCiA VAN HOC DjCH
S u ra ddi, phat triln van hpc djch la mpt ygu cau t i t yeu, khach quan cua thdi dai. Trong Tuyin ngdn cua Bang Cdng sin (1848), C. Mac va Ph.
Angghen (1995, tr. 602) da d y bao v l tuong lai cua mflt n i n van hpc toan the gidi ma d dd khoang each dja IJ giO'a cac q u i c gia dugc thu hep, n i n van hfla cOa cac dan tflc cfl co hfli.
Nggyen Hgy Phflng. Tien sT. Vipn van hfla va Phat triln, Hpc vipn Chinh trj QuOc gia H 6 Chi Minh.
d i l u kien tham nhap, giao thoa. cac flng viet: "Thay cho tinh trpng cfl lap trudc kia cua cac dja phuong va cac dan tpc v i n t y cung t y d p , ta thiy phat trien nhu'ng quan hg p h i biln, sy phg thuflc pho bien giO'a cac dan tpc.
Ma san x u i t vat c h i t da nhu t h i thi san xuat tinh t h i n cung khflng kgm nhu t h i . NhO'ng thanh qua cua heat dflng tinh t h i n cua mflt dOn tpc trd thanh tai san chung cua tat ca cac dan tflc. Tinh c h i t don phuong va phien dign dan tpc ngay cang khflng t h i t i n tpi dugc nu'a; va tCr nhu'ng nen van hpc dan tflc va dja phuong, mufln
hinh mufln ve, dang nay nd ra mpt n i n van hpc toan t h i gidi". Nhu vay, trudc xu t h i hpi nhap, giao luu toan d u dfli hoi su xuat hign cua mpt tang Idp cac dich gia, cac nha nghign cuu ly luan phe binh cfl trinh dO ngpai ngu, cfl phflng kiln thdc sau rpng ve van hda, van hpc trcng va ngoai nudc de chuyen ngO' thanh cflng nhdng thflng dipp nhan sinh ma cac nha van Idn tren t h i gidi muon gOi tdi ban dpc d khip mufln phudng qua nhu'ng sang tac cOa minh.
y thuc rfl v l t i m quan trpng cua van hpc djch trong ddi sing van hgc cOng nhu ddi song chinh trj - xa hfli, trong qua trinh lanh dao each mpng, trong cflng cupc xay dyng kiln thiet dat nudc. Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam lufln danh sy quan tam dac bipt tdi cflng tac t u tudng, cham lo, phat triln van hgc nghg thuat, day manh viOc sang tac va quing ba van hpc dan tflc ra t h i gidi, t l chiic djch cac tac pham kinh diln ciJa cac nha van Idn de ban bg quic te hiiu sau hon ve van hfla, con ngudi Vipt Nam, cung nhu giCip cho cac t h i hg dflc gia Vipt Nam cd CO hOi tim hiiu, kham pha nhung dilu thO vj v l cuflc sing, con ngudi d khip noi tren t h i gidi. Trong nhilu van kipn Dpi hOi, trong cac nghj quylt, chuyen d l v l van hgc nghe thugt, mac du chua cu the hda v l van de van hpc djch nhung vigc quang ba, md rflng giao luu qucc t l v l vOn hpc lufln dugc Ding chu trpng. G i n day nhat, Nghj quylt Hfli nghj l i n thCr 9 Ban Chap hanh Trang ugng Dang khfla XI (Nghj quylt s l 33-NQ7TW) ve "xay dung va
phat triln van hfla, con ngudi Vipt Nam dap irng yeu d u phat triln ben vCng d i t nudc", t i l p tijc nhin manh tam quan trpng, vj the cua van hpc nghg thuat trong vipc quang ba, gidi thigu nhu'ng net dep cua truyen thong van hfla dan tgc, trong dfl cfl vai trfl to Idn cOa van hpc djch. "Phat huy tai nang, tam huyet cua tri thdo, vSn nghg si ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai trong vipc tham gia phat triln van hoa cua d i t nudc, trd thanh d u n i l quang ba hinh anh d i t nudc, van hfla, con ngudi Viet Nam. ChO trpng truyen ba van hfla Viet Nam, day tiing Viet cho ngudi Vigt Nam d nudc ngoai vi ngudi nudc ngoai d Viet Nam. Xay dyng mpt so trung tam van hoa Viet Nam d nydc ngoai va trung tam djch thuat, quang ba van hda Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai" (Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, 2014, tr, 5).
Nhu vay trong s u i t qua trinh lanh dao, t i l n hanh cong cuflc d l i mdi, xay dung dat nudc. Dang, Nha nudc lufln danh sy quan tam dpc bigt d i n viSc xay dung, phat trien n i n van hpc nghe thuat dan tpc, coi dfl la bO phan tinh tuy, dac bigt nhay cam, k i t tinh truyen thing van hda dan tflc. Tuy nhien, trong boi canh hien nay, trudc nhdng tac dflng cua qua trinh giao luu, hpi nhap n i n van hda, van hpc ViOt Nam dang dung trudc nhieu co hOi cQng nhu nhO'ng thach thiJc, trong dfl co cflng tac djch thupt, gidi thipu van hfla, van hgc Viet Nam ra t h i gidi va ngugc lai d l "kich d u " cho su phat trien cua ddi song van hgc nghg thuat nudc nha.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI so 8 (204) 2015 2. TlNH HlNH V A N HQC DjCH 0 NU'OC TA TRONG NHff NG N A M QUA O nudc ta do nhO'ng dieu kign, hoan canh dac biet v l Ijch su, trong mpt thdi gian dai dat nudc phai duong dau, c h i n g Ipi da tam xam luge cua cac t h i Iyc phygng B i c va thyc dan, d l quoc. NhO'ng d i l u kien ngat ngheo cua chien tranh da anh hudng khflng nhd tdi vigc hinh thanh, phat trien t y duy hpc thuat, gay ra nhO'ng rao can trong vigc t i l p can, giao lyu vdi cac nudc tren t h i gidi. Nhung bgn canh dfl, theo budc chan xam luge, nhO'ng d i u v l t va sue lan tda cua van hda phuong Bflng va phuong Tay da hien dien trgn dat nudc ta vdi nhung tac dpng tich oyc l i n tieu cyc. Nhin Ipi qua trinh giao luu van hfla Dflng - Tay trSn phygng diOn van hpc nghg thuat ta t h i y ro cd hai cuflc tiep xiic Idn.
Cuflc t i l p xuc thd n h i t la giya van hfla Vigt vdi van hda Trung Hea ma nhO'ng anh hydng trong viec xu ly d l tai, nfli dung, hinh thuc nghp thuat dugc t h i hien kha rfl trong sang tac cua cac nha thg, nha van thdi ky trung dpi. Do nhu'ng tuong d i n g v l van hfla, ngfln ngO', van t y ngn viec tiep thu, t i l p bien nhCrng thanh tyu, tinh hea cua van hfla, van hpc Trung Hoa da d y g c cac t h i hO van sT, tri thO'C phong k i l n thuc hien ra mflt each thuan Igi, cfl chpn Ipc, sang tpo. Tigu bilu phal k l tdi nhO'ng sang tac cua Nguyen Du (Truyin Kiiu). Nguyin DO' (Truyin ky man luc)... Khflng c i n trai qua qua trinh chuyin ngO', djch thuat nhung nhilu tac p h i m van hpc Trung Hoa nhu Kim Vin Kiiu (Thanh Tam Tai
Nhan), Tiin dang tin thoai (CO Huu)...
da chi p h i i va cfl anh hudng Idn d i n cam hdng, c h i t lieu sang tac nghO thuat cua Nguyin Du, Nguyin DO' va cac tac gia nha Nho khac.
Cupc t i l p xuc thd hai d i i n ra vao nhu'ng nam d i u the ky XX vdi van hda, van hpc phudng Tay, dac biet la Phap.
Cuflc tilp xCic nay da mang d i n cho van hgc Vigt Nam nhdng co hpi, dilu kign thupn Igi de chuyin minh, di vac quy dpp hien dai hfla va tdng budc hfli nhap vdi van hpc t h i gidi. Dd la su x u i t hign cua tang Idp tri thirc Tgy hpc dugc dao tpo bai ban trong cac trudng hpc Phap, dugc tilp can vdi cap luong t u tudng mdi thong qua cac sach bao tan thu, Sy ra ddi va phat triln cua bao chi q u i c ngy va cac nha x u i t ban da gidi thigu va truyin ba nhilu tac pham van hgc djch cua cac tac gia noi tllng tren cac nhat bao, t u i n san, nguypt san nhu: Gia Binh bio, Ndng ci min dim, Lue tinh Tin vin, Bdng Phip thdi bio. Nam Ky dia phin... gay dugc tiing vang, tao I n tugng sau dam trong ddi sing van hpc. Nhdng dflng gflp cua cac nha van, nha bap, djch gia, nhu Nguyin van Vinh vdi cac tao phim djch: Sa ngudi ngu ISm phio thu (Alexandre Dumas), NhO'ng ngudi khdn khi (Victor Hugo), Miing da lira (Honorg de Balzac)...; Nguyin Hao Vinh djch cac tac p h i m kjch cua Shakespeare:
Thii tCr Hamlet, Chu lii budn thinh Venise, Romio - Julie, Viy thi viy;
Phan Khoi djch cac tac phim: Quan vi vudin (Racan), p h i n d i u tilu thuyet s a tudc Monti Crista (A. Dumas)...
da dem d i n che cflng chung va ddi sing van hpc nhdng mfln an tinh t h i n mdi la, h i p dan. Va cung tu nhung tac pham djch tir cac nen van hpc Idn nhu Anh, Phap, Lign Xfl, Trung Q u i c . da dem d i n cho cac van nghg sT ViSt Nam nhung kinh nghiem bo ich trong sang tac de tao ra nhung tac pham xuit sac, vua mang dam d i u I n cua truyen thing, vua mang hoi thd thdi dai vdi ky thuat, III vilt hien dai, dap dng dugc nhu d u , dfli hfli ngay cang cao ciJa cflng chung ban dpc.
Thyc tiin ddi sing van hpc giai doan 1930 - 1945, vdi sy xuit hien cua phong trao Tho mdi, van xudi Ty Iyc van doan, Xuan Thu nha tap, nhdm tho Binh Bjnh... la nhung minh chung cho qua trinh tilp thu nhung thanh tuu, tinh hoa cua van hpc the gidi d l d l i mdi, hign dpi hfla van chudng nudc nha.
So vdi ddi song sang tac, phg binh, mang van hoc djch cfl phin am thim, lang le vl so lugng djch gia chuygn nghigp thudng khiem ton, nhilu ngudi vua la nha van, nha phe binh kigm djch gia. Cfln vi, cflng tac djch thuat van chuong dfli hdi nhdng ygu d u khat khe v l nang Iyc ngoai ngu, trinh do van hfla, tam t h i va sd trudng ciJa ngudi dich. Bgn canh dfl la nhung anh hudng, tac dflng cua tinh hinh van hpc the gidi; th| hiiu cong chCing; viec tim kilm thi trudng phat hanh ciia cac nha xuit ban, ygu d u dat hang ciJa Nha nudc va t l chuc xa hfli... Dich thuat khflng don gian la cau chuyen chuyin ngiJ ma dfl la qua trinh lao dflng nghg thuat miet mai cua nhung
dich gia - nhdng ngudi d i n g sang tap vdi tac gia. Hp la nhO'ng ngudi am h i i u sau s i c van hfla cua cac quoc gia, dan tpc, cfl qua trinh nghign cdu ky v l van hoa, van hpc, d i t nudc, con ngudi noi cfl tac pham dugc chpn djch. Djch gia khong nhu'ng phai hllu nguyen ban tac pham, ma cfln phai giai dugc cac ma van hfla, lua chpn cau tCr djch sao cho truyin tai dugc dung nfli dung t u tudng, linh hon cua tac phim.
Sau mpt thdi gian dai d i t nudc trai qua chiln tranh, gianh lai dflc lap, tiln hanh cflng cuflc d l i mdi, tCr nam 1986 d i n nay, ddi sflng van chuong nghS thuat cfl nhieu khdi s i c vdi nhung chuyen bien manh mg, trong dfl bp phpn van hpc djch cung dat dupe nhung thanh tyu dang t y hao, thyc hign t i t sd menh gidi thigu, quang ba van hpc Vipt Nam ra t h i gidi, cOng nhu tien hanh t l chdc bien djch nhung tac p h i m tigu bleu cua cac tac gia noi tieng d nhilu quoc gia, dem d i n cho ddi s i n g van hpc nghe thuat su phong phu, da dpng. Trgn cac k§
sach ciJa cac trung tam phat hanh sach, nhung bp t i l u thuyet do so ciJa cac tac gia nudc ngoai chiim s6 lugng ap dao so vdi sach thupc cac linh vuc khac. Tren cac tap chi van hpc nudc ngoai, cac trang bao van nghg trung udng, dja phuong deu danh nhung so trang nhit d|nh d l gidi thigu cac sang tac mdi cua cac tac gii nudc ngoai.
Nhin Chung trong gan 30 nam d l i mdi vua qua, vSn hpc djch cfl nhilu chuyen bien tich cyc nhyng s l lyong
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s6 8 (204) 2015 tac pham, tac gia dygc bign djch v i n tap trung chij y l u d cac quoc gia cfl nen van hpc phat triln nhu Nga, Phap, Trung Q u i c , My, va thdi gian gan day cd them nhdng tac p h i m cOa Nhat Ban, Han Q u i c dugc quan tam gidi thigu.
Danh gia v l tinh hinh van hpc djch trong nhdng nam qua ngudi dpc d i dang nhan ra s y gia tang, Idn manh cua dpi ngO cac djch gia chuygn va khflng chuygn. Ve mang djch nhdng tac p h i m cCia van hgc Nga, ngoai cac tgn t u i i quen thupc nhu: Thuy Toan, Cao Xuan Hao, Thai Ba Tan, Thgy Anh, Tp Phudng, Pham Quic Ca, Dfl Hong Chung, Pham Vinh Cy, Nguyin Hai Ha, Huy LiSn, Hoang Ngoc Hiln, Nguyin Kim Binh, Dfl Xuan Ha, Dap T u i n Anh, Ha Thj Hoa, Nguyin Trudng Ljch, Pham Gia Lam.. Idp t h i he tre cung da cfl nhieu ddng gflp vao cong tac djch thuat, gidi thiSu nhdng tac p h i m mdi cua van hpc Nga, nhu cac djch gia Pham Thj Phuong, Bfl Hai Phong, T r i n Thj Phuong Phuong, Thanh B d c Hong Ha, Nguyin Thj Thu Thijy, Nguyen Thj Nhu Trang . Cac djch gia nhilu thdi ky da gidi thigu hang loat cac tac pham n i l tllng cua Lev Tolstoy (Chiin tranh va hda binh, Anna Karirina, Phuc sinh). Dostoyevsky (Tpi ic vi trOng phat, GS khd. Lu ngudi quy Sm, Anh em nhi Kamarov), truyen n g i n Sekhov, truygn n g i n Pautovsky, Thdi tha iu, Kiim sing cua Gorky, Si5ng Ddng im dim cua Solokhov... d i n nhung sang tac cua cac nha van Nga hign dpi nhu: Tiing cudi trong bdng toi, Lolita (Nabokov),
Trai tim chd, NhO'ng qua tning dinh menh (Bulgakov), Vuung quic thdi gian ngimg trdi (Dmitri Suslin)... Mac du dat dugc nhilu thanh tyu vdi nhdng giai doan nd rfl nhu nhdng nam 1980 - 1990, nhyng trong nhung nam gan day, so lugng cac ban djch van hpc Nga ngay cang cfl xu hudng giam do nhdng tac dflng cua tinh hinh chinh trj - xa hfli. Tu khi Lien bang Xfl V i l t sup do (1991) m i l quan tOm cua cac djch gia, nha nghign cuu, phe binh vdi van hpc Nga cfl phin thua dan khi tllng Nga khong cfl co hfli phat triln so vdi cac ngfln ngu khac.
Theo thong kg cua Thu vien Viet Nam nam 2000 ccn s l cac I n pham van hpc Nga (sach djch, nghign cdu) la 89, cac nam sau lufln duy tri con s l trgn 60 dau sach, nhung d i n nam 2008 chi cfln 28 va t h i p nhit la nam 2011 vdi 14 I n p h i m (Be Thj Hudng, 2012, tr.
73).
0 mang djch cac tac phim van hpc Phap, dpi ngu cac djch gia tu thdi thuflc Phap nhu Nguyin Van Vinh, Huynh Tjnh Cija, Truong Mmh Ky, Pham Quynh, Phan Khoi... d i n cac nha nghien cuu, djch gia t h i hg sau nhu Phung van Tuu, Dang Anh Dap, Lg Hflng Sam, Bang Thj Hanh, T r i n Hinh, Dao Duy Hiep, La Khic Hfla, Cao T r i n Viet Dung, Doan Cam Thi, Lflc Phuong Thuy, Nguygn Phuong Ngpc, Phung Nggc Kign, Lg Nguygn Cin...
da cfl nhieu ddng gdp vap viSc gidi thigu van hgc Phap d Viet Nam, d i n g thdi cung to chdc bign djch, gidi thiSu dua van hgc Vigt Nam d i n vdi cflng chdng ban dgc Phap. Hien nay trong
cac thu vign Idn, cac trung tam phat hanh sach cija Phap da cfl mat nhilu tac phim van hpc Viet Nam vdi cac tgn tuii nhu Nguyin Du, Nam Cao, Phan Thj Vang Anh, Phong Digp, Ho Anh Thai, Nguyin Vigt Ha, Thuan, Nguyin Huy Thiep, Nguyin Binh Phuong...
Bgn cpnh vigc djch, gidi thigu cac tac phim cfla cac n i n van hpc ton, cac djch gia Vigt Nam cOng danh su quan tam dac biet den vigc nghign cdu, tim hllu, gidi thieu cac tac phim n i l tiing cua cac n i n van hpc khu vuc chau My la tinh, Dflng Au, Dflng A va cac nudc trcng khu vuc ASEAN. Nhung tiSu bilu va dat dugc nhilu thanh tyu hon ca la vigc chuyen t h i , bien djch cac tac phim cua van hpc Nhat Ban.
Trong vigc nghign cdu, djch van hpc Nhat Ban d Vigt Nam, ban d i u cac djch gia cDng phii tiep can qua cac ban djch tllng Han, tllng Phap, sau dfl mdi d i n tilp can nguyen ban tllng Nhat Do nhung dieu kien, hoan canh Ijch su, viec gidi thigu van hpc Nhat d nudc ta dugc diin ra song song vdi phong trap Dflng Du cua cac chi sT each mang d i u t h i ky XX. va ngudi cfl cflng d i u trcng viec gidi thipu van hpc Nhgt d Vipt Nam phai k l tdi nha chl SI each mpng Phan Chau Trinh vdi tac phim djch Giai nhin ky ngp (cua Tflkai Sanshi). Va phai sau mOt thdi gian dai gian doan do nhdng hoan canh b i t lgi cua chiln tranh, van hpc Nhgt mdi dugc gidi thigu trd lai d nudc ta vap nhdng nam 1960, 1970 vdi hang lopt cac tac phim thupc du mgi t h i loai cua cac tac gia n i l tllng
nhu: Khu phi khdng ci mit trdi ciJa Sunao Tokunaga (Nxb. Lao Dflng - 1961), NOI dii yen ling (2 tap, Nxb.
van hgc, 1962), Miy gid Hakene ciJa Tabakura Tgrg (Nxb. Van hgc, 1963), Cinh dong Busu cOa Miyamflto Yurike (Nxb. van hgc, 1964), Tip truyin Sgi xich trang cua nhilu tac gia (Nxb. Lao dflng, 1966), Khudn mSt ngudi khic cua A. Kobe (Nxb. Van hpc, 1969)...
Ben canh dfl la hang loat cac tac p h i m cua cac tac gia nhu: R.
Akutagawa (Tuyen tip truyin ngin, Tmyin mdt ngudi ding tri...), Y.
Kawabata (Tiing rin cua niii, Ngin cinh hae, Co dd, Ngudi dep ngi say, Thiy nguyit, Xir tuyit, Cd dio mik Izu...), Y. Mishima (Tri thii, TS lit, Ngdi din ving, Chieu hdm Id budc, Sdng tinh, Ngudi thOy thu bi bien khude tir. Khit vpng yiu duong...). D.
Watanabe (Bin khdng hat bdng), N.
Sosekl (Tinh yiu khdng quin, Noi idng), H. Murakami (Rung Na Uy).
G i h day mflt so tieu thuylt va tuyen tap van hpc Nhat da dugc dich va x u i t b i n vdi so lugng ton, nhu:
Budng din nguon nude (Nxb. Lao dpng, 1984), Ngudi din bi mi tii ruing bd (Nxb. Lao dgng, 1984), Hpn/j phuc vi bath^nh (Nxb. Phy nu, 1985), Ke ;i>a dio (Nxb. van hpc, 1991), Ngoi din ving (Nxb. Thanh nien, 1990), Ddng sdng sao (Nxb. Lac dOng, 1993), Xd' tuyit (Nxb. HOi Nha van, 1995), Giic mdng din bi (Nxb. van hgc, 1997), NhOng ngudi Nhit bi ling quin (Nxb. Giao dgc, 2002)...
Cd t h i ndi thanh cflng cua viec bign djch t h i loai truypn tranh Doraemon -
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s6 8 (204) 2015 mgt hign tugng van hpc thu hdt sy quan tam, ygu thich cija dflng dae ban dpc nho tuoi, va cac cufln t i l u thuylt nhu Rimg Na Uy, Ben khdng hat bdng, Trang sol diy nudc... da gidp ban dpc Vigt Nam cd cai nhin da dpng, nhieu c h i l u v l van hfla, con ngudi d i t nudc mat trdi mgc.
B u g c quan tam thflng qua nhdng chinh sach, d y an he trg quang ba, gidi thieu van hgc cfla Chinh phfl hai nudc, dfli ngu nhung chuygn gia nghign cuu va cac djch gia t i i n g Nhat khflng ngung gia tang, nhu:
Nguyen T u i n Khanh, Nhat Chigu, Hdu Nggc, Luu Dirc Trung, Lg Trudng Sa, T r i n Thj Hai Y i n , Le Thj Hudng, Doan Lg Giang, Ha van Ludng, Dfl Thai Lugn, Mai Chuong Ddc, Nguyin van SJ...
Nhin Chung trong thdi gian qua nhit la t d khi d i t nudc tien hanh cflng cupc doi mdi toan diSn (1986) cung vdi qua trinh hpi nhap, giao luu toan d u , bp phan van hpc djch da cfl nhilu khdi s i c , dat dugc nhilu thanh tuu vdi sy gia tang, ton mpnh cua dfli ngu djch gia va so iugng cac tac phim djch.
Nhilu cuon sach djch da trd thanh hiOn tugng van hpc, sach ban chpy nhat (best-seller) trong nam nhu:
Chang v^ng, Lolita, Thiin thin vi ac quf, Biu vit cOa ddi. Rung Na Uy...
da iam khuly dao ddi song van hpc v i n lang le, kich thich ddi song sang tac phat triln, dem den nhung mon an tinh t h i n mdi Ip cho cflng chflng bpn dpc. Vi the trong thdi gian qua, trong so cac the lppi dugc trap giai thudng thudng nien cua Hpi Nha van Vipt
Nam deu cfl mat t h i loai van hpc djch.
Trcng 10 nam qua, Hpi Nha van da lign t i l p trao giai cho nhilu tac phim nhu: Faust, kjch tho cfla dai van hao flue Goethe, Quang Chiln djch (2002);
Bin huong hinh. t i l u thuylt cfla Mac Ngfln (Trung Quic), T r i n Binh Hiln djch (2003); Quy thinh. tilu thuylt cfla Gia Binh Ao (Trung Quoc), Lg Bau djch (2004); Cupc ddi cCia Pi, tilu thuylt cfla nha van Canada Yann Martel, Trjnh Lu djch, (2005); KhOc hit trii tim ciia nha tho than dong My Mattie Stepanek, Hdu Vigt djch (2007);
Tin tdi li dd, t i l u thuylt cfla nha van T h i Nhi Ky Orhan Pamuk, giai thudng Nobel 2006, Pham Viem Phuong va Huynh Kim Anh djch (2008); Trreu phii khu 6 chupt, tilu thuylt cfla nha van An Bp Vikas Swarup, Nguyen Bich Lan djch (2010). B i l u do cho thiy sy quan tam cfla cac d p , cac nganh, cfla Hfli Nha van d l i vdi ddi sing van hgc djch va tinh h i p d i n do cac tac pham djch tao ra, dap dng dugc nhu c i u thflng tin, giao luu, chia se, hfli nhap cua con ngudi Vigt Nam, muin VUdn ra t h i gidi d l tilp can cac n i n van hfla, van minh mdi cfla nhan loai qua con dudng n g i n ma hieu qua la cac tac p h i m van hpc djch.
3. MOT SO VAN De DAT RA D O I VOl V A N H O C DjCH HIEN NAY Mac du dat dugc nhilu thanh tyu trong viSc dua van hgc Viet Nam t i l n g i n va t i l p can kjp vdi trinh dp phat triln cfla van hpc t h i gidi cung nhu dua van hpc t h i gidi tro ngn g i n gui vdi dgc gia ViSt Nam. Trong nhdng nam qua, van hgc djch cung cfln bflc
lg nhung han che bat cgp ca v l dpi ngu djch gia lan chit lugng cac cflng trinh djch thuat
Vi ddi ngO dich gii: COng giing nhu nhdng ngudi iam cflng tac ly luan phg binh, dpi ngu dich gia thudng khflng chuyen nghiep, chfl y l u la cac nha nghign cuu, nha van kigm djch gia. 0 nudc ta khflng cfl nghi djch thuat van chuong va nhdng ngudi dich van hpc khflng the sing dugc bang nghi vi nhuan but tra cho mflt tac phim dich dang bao, tap chl qua thap, tien thd lao cho mpt cuin sach djch khflng tuong xdng vdi thdi gian, cflng sue ma djch gia bo ra. Nhung b i t cap ay dang tap ra nhung rap can, thu hep dfli ngu djch gia, vi phin Idn hp khflng quylt tam g i n trpn ddi minh cho cflng vipc djch thuat van chuong.
Mac do d i t nudc dang treng qua trinh hfli nhap quoc te sau rflng, nhung vigc dao tao dpi ngu can bfl iam cflng tac djch thuat van chuong chua dugc quan tam dflng mdc, vipc djch thuat thudng dugc lam mflt each tu phat, phg thuflc vao sg trudng, niim dam mg cua ngudi djch. Mgt so trudng dpi hpc Ngoai ngu cfl dao tao sinh vign djch thuat Tuy nhien nhdng sinh vign nay (ke ca sau khi ra trudng) co kha nang ngoai ngd nhung lai khflng co k h i nang chuyen the thanh cong tac phim van hpc,vl djch van hpc dfli hoi nhung yeu d u cao, ngoai von ngoai ngu cfln phai cfl phflng kiln thuc van hfla sau rpng, kha nang cam nhan ve dpp va higu ung thim my cua hinh tugng van hpc nghp thuat... Vi vay, n l u vigc xay dyng dfli ngu djch gia
khflng d y g c kjp thdi giai quylt se gay ra sy thilu hut, trcng v i n g nhyng dich gia chuyen nghiep, dat ra nhdng thach thdc trong viec quang ba, gidi thieu van hfla, van hpc Viet Nam ra t h i gi(ji va ngugc lai. D i l u dfl dfli hoi nhung ngudi cfl trach nhigm c i n phai cfl tam nhin xa, cfl chiln luge cu t h i de dao tag, d i u t u xdng dang, hinh thanh nhung t h i he djch gia chuySn nghigp, cfl trinh dp, k i l n thuc, niim dam me d l cfl t h i thyc hien tot sd menh bac nhdng cay cau van hfla da dang va co gia trj cao.
Vi chit lupng cua cie tie phim dictr Thdi gian g i n day do nhung bien d0ng, xao trpn cua thj trudng sach, xuit ban p h i m va cac cflng ty lign ket phat hanh, thj trudng sach djch chij y l u hudng vao cac tac phim sach ban chay, danh vao tam 1;^ ua chuflng thdi thugng cfla bpn dpc ngn cong vigc djch dien ra trong thdi gian ngin d i n d i n nhung sai sflt trong vigc chuyin ngd, h i i u chua dflng nfli dung nguygn ban, roi hang loat cac Ifli trong khau in i n . Nhilu trang truygn thuan tOy la nhdng trang chuyin ngu, chua d i m bao dugc tinh t h i m my, logic, tinh van hpc cua hinh tugng nghg thuat, tao ra nhung dp vgnh nhat djnh giua nguyen tac vdi tac phim djch.
D i l n hinh nhu trudng hgp tac phim NhOng thir ho mang (The Thing They Carried cua tac gia Tim O'Brien) do T r i n T i i n Cao Bang djch, cuon Hat ca bin. Ban do vi vitng dit (cfla tac gia Michel Houellebecq), do Cao Viet DOng djch, da gay xfln xao du lugn vi nhdng cau djch chua thoat nghia.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 8 (204) 2015
Chua sat vdi nguygn ban, thgm chi dfli cau djch CO phan tgc tig, gay phan cam cho ngudi dgc.
Mflt trong nhdng nguyen nhgn d i n d i n tinh trang tren la do tinh thilu chuygn nghigp cua mpt sfl djch gia; su buong long, d i dai trong khau k i l m duygt, t h i m djnh, xuat ban, phat hgnh;
ngudi djch chay theo tam ly dam dflng va thj h l l u n h i t thdi ma'vfl tinh lang quSn nfli dung, c h i t lugng cfla tac p h i m . Dieu nay d i n d i n mgt thyc trang la ty Ig sgch djch cua t h i lopi truyOn tranh, trinh tham, v i i n tudng, ky dj lufln chiim so lugng ap dao trgn thj trudng sach ngoai van, trong khi lugng sach djch nhdng tac p h i m kinh dien cd tinh hinh tugng, triit ly thi Ipi han c h l , t h i l u v i n g .
Van hpc djch khflng the thilu trong ddi s i n g van hpc dan tpc, nhit la trong b l i canh hien nay, vi t h i nhdng ngudi cfl trach nhipm, cac co quan, ban nggnh c i n phai co nhung k l hoach, chiln luge phat triln cg t h i de thflc d i y van hpc djch ngay cang Idn manh; phai cfl co c h l , chinh sach dai ngfl dac bigt, phu hgp doi vdi nhdng ngudi lam cflng tac djch thuat; tap dung va hinh thanh dpi ngO cac djch gia chuygn nghiep dugc dap tao bai ban, cfl k i l n thuc ngopi ngu, am hiiu van hpc. van hfla cfla cac nudc trgn
t h i gidi; quan tgm dao tao, boi dudng dpi ngu can bp djch thuat tre, cfl nang luc, k l thua t h i hg di trudc; khong chl djch cgc tac p h i m nudc ngoai ma con phai d i y mpnh vigc quang bg, djch, gidi thigu cgc sang tac cfla van hpc Viet Nam ra t h i gidi; thanh lap cac trung tam djch thuat trao d l i van hfla;
md rflng cac chuygn san, tap chi vgn hgc nudc ngoai; giao quyin t y chfl cho cac nha x u i t ban, cflng ty liSn k i t trong viec xay dyng, Ign ke hoach djch thuat cho tdng nam d l vigc dich van hpc cfl lg trinh, khoa hpc, cy t h i , phat huy vai trd to Idn cfla vgn hpc djch trong ddi s i n g van hgc hien nay.
Cfl t h i nfli trong thdi ky bung no cflng nghp thflng tin, viec cap nhat nhung tri thuc, thflng tin mdi cfla nhgn lopi la vo cflng d n thilt, trong dfl nhdng th thdc van hpc djch dflng vai tro quan trpng trong viec hinh thanh nhan each con ngudi, giup con ngudi xich lai g i n nhau hon. Trong thdi gian tdi, vdi su quan tam, d i u t u cfla cac d p , cac nganh, sy n l Iyc, gia tang so lugng cac djch gia chuygn nghigp, chflng ta cfl t h i tin tudng, hy vgng vgo mflt tugng lai t i t dep cfla bp phgn van hpc djch vdi cac tac phim dich cfl chit lugng, da dang v l the loai, dap ung t i t nhu d u ngay cang cao cfla cflng chflng ban dgc Vigt Nam. a
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN
1. C. Mac va Ph. Angghen. 1995. Toan tip, tap 4,. Ha Nfli: Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia.
2. Bang Cflng san Vipt Nam. 2014. Van kiin Hdi nghi lin thd chin Ban chap hinh Trung uang Bing khia XI (lug hanh nfli bO). van phflng Trgng uong Oang.
3. D 6 Thj Hud'ng. 2012. Tinh hinh nghiin cinj. phe binh, dich thuit van h<?c Nga tai Vipt Nam nhung nSm gin diy. Tpp chi Nghign cuu Chgu Au, so 10(145).
