TRifiT HOC, SO 12 (319), THANG 12-2017
QUAN DIEN CUA DANG VE XAY DUNG VAN HOA VA CON NGUdl VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Trkn Van Thuy'
' Pho giao su, ti€ii sT, Tnrdng D^i hpc Y Ha NQL Email: [email protected]
NhSn ngiy 15 thing 8 nam 2017. ChSp nh|ji dSng ngSy 25 th^g 10 nSm 2017.
Tom tat: Tai Dai h^i lan thur XII, Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam da dua ra quan diem mai ve "xay d\mg v3n hoa va con nguai Vi?t Nam phat trien toan di§n, hucmg den chan - thi?n - mf, tham nhuan tinh than dan tpe, nhan van, dan chu va khoa hpc". Trong bai viSt nay, tac gia lu^n %iki m$t so giai phap ca ban de th\ic hi^n muc tieu tr£n, dd ]k: Xay d\mg con nguoi c6 nhan each, d^o dure, loi song d^p; xay d\mg v ^ hoa la muc tieu eua chfnh trj, kinh te va qua trinh cdng nghiap hoa, hi^n dai hoa dat nuofc; x3y d^mg v3n hoa tro thanh dpng l\rc phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi; doi moi phuang thuc lanh dao eua Dang va nang cao hipu lure, hieu qua quan ly eua Nha nuoc doi vcri van h6a.
Tir khoa: Dang Cpng san Vift Nam, van hoa, xay d^ng vSn hoa, con nguoi, xay dvng con nguoi.
1. Nh^n thur ve vSn hoa va v/ tke eua van kda trong doi s6ng xa hdi da duoc Chii tich Ho Chi Minh coi trpng tir khi Dang ta ra doi cho dSn nay. NSm 1943, Ho Chi Minh da neu len quan ni$m van hoa theo
hoi. Cuoi the ky XX, UNESCO cho rang van hoa phan anh va th8 hien mdt each tdng quat vk s6ng ddng mpi m^t eua cuOc sdng (ca nhan va ca cdng ddng) da diln ra trong qua khu cung nhu dang diln ra trong hi^n nghia rgng, bao gom toan b$ gia tri vSt chat tai, qua hang bao the ky, nd da c^u thanh va tinh tfaSn do con ngudi sang tao ra; van
hda la dpng l^c giup con ngucri sinh tdn la muc dich cupe sdng c i ^ Ioai nginri pCem:
4, tr.431]. Sau Cach mang Thang Tam nSm 1945, Ngucri dua ra quan ni?m van hda theo nghia hep la doi song tinh thSn eua xa hpi, thuoc vd kien true thupng tang; van hoa lien he mat thidt vdi chinh tr), kinh td, xS hpi, tao nen bdn ITnh V\TC CO ban eua ddi sdng xa
mdt h$ thdng gia tri, truyen thong, tham mT va ldi sdng ma dua tren do tiing dan tpe tu khang dinh ban sac rieng eua minh pCem:
5, tr.40]. D ^ trdn nen tang vSn hda truyen thdng Vi^t Nam, tinh than vSn hda va phat trien c i ^ th^ gidi duong dai, trong qua trinh ddi mdi va xay dung chu nghia xa hpi d Vi?t Nam, Hpi nghi lan thu nSm Ban Cliip hanh Trung uong khda VIII eua Dang d3
QUAN DIEM CUA DANG VE XAY DUNG VAN H6A..
neu len quan ni?m tdng quat ve ngudn goc, bki sic va vi thd eua van hoa Vi?t Nam:
Van hda Viet Nam la thanh qua hang ngan nam lao ddng sang tao, dau tranh kien cuong dung nuoc va gift nuoc eua cdng dong cac dan too Viet Nam, la ket qua giao luu va tidp thu tinh hoa ciia nhi6u nen van minh tren thi gidi de khdng ngimg hoan thi?n minh. Van hda Viet Nam da hun due nen tam hdn, Idii phach, ban linh Viet Nam, lam r?ng ra Uch sii ve vang eua dan tdc [Xem: 1, tr.40]. Tir quan niSm tdng quat ay, D^i hpi lan thii IX va cac dgi hpi sau dd ciia Dang ddu khang dinh van hda la nen tang tinh than eua xa hpi, vira la muc tieu, vira la dOng luc eua su phat trien kinh t6 - xa hdi.
Hdi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang lan thii 9 khda XI da tidn hanh tong k6t 15 nSm thuc hi?n Nghi quyet Tnmg uong 5 khda VIII ve van hoa, ddng thoi da phan tieh sau sac su diay doi nhieu mat c ^ nuoc ta va tren the gidi. Tren co sd ay, Hdi nghi da ban hanh Nghi quyet mdi ve vSn hda vdi t8n gpi: Aoy dimg nin van hoa va con nguai Viet Nam ddp ung yeu cdu phdt trien bin vitng dat nu&c. Ten gpi nay vira ke thira duoc npi ham ciia Nghi quyet Trung uong 5 khda VIII, vira neu ISn duoc vSn d8 mdi Trung uong quan tam la nhan td con ngudi va sir phat trien ben vung ddt nuoc. DSy la su phat trien mdi trong nhan thiic va thuc tien ve van hda eua Dang ta. Nhu vay, Bdng ta coi van hda Id nhimg tinh hoa, nhung gid tri, nhiing chuan muc duac /(it tu, duac truyin bd, du</c lim giU, chat loc va phdt trien trong tiin trinh lich su ddn tQc, tra thanh hi thong cdc gid trf dac trung cho ddn toe Viet Nam bao gdm chinh tri, dao diic,
phap luat, khoa hpc, van hpc, nghd thuat, cac the che, cac thiet che van hda, tEip quan, ldi sdng... tao nen ndn tang tinh than ciia xa hdi. Van hda duoc thang hoa tir th\rc tien cupe song, tir nang Iuc ciia timg con ngudi va eua cpng ddng xa hpi Vi§t Nam. Den lupt minh, van hda Viet Nam lai cd mat trong mpi hoat dpng, tit nh$n thiic den hanh dOng thuc tiin; tir hoat dpng ca nhan den hoat dpng xa hdi, tir hoat dpng v$t chat den hoat ddng tinh than. Si^ phat minh, sang che, sang tao cac gia tri moi ciia khoa hpc, cdng nghe, ciia van hpc nghp thuat lai eang the hien sue manh do eua van hda.
Bdng ta coi mue tieu. ngi dung quan trong nhdt eua xdy dung vdn hoa la xdy dung con ngudi - nhdn each. Van hda va con ngudi la hai mat ciia cung mpt van de.
Muc tieu quan trpng nhat ciia van hda la con ngudi. Muc tieu quan trpng nhat ciia van de con ngudi la van hoa.
Van hoa, theo quan diem eua Dang ta. Id mue tiiu eua nen chinh tri Viet Nam, hudng tdi xay dimg dat nude dan giau, nude manh, dan chli, edng bSng, van minh. Dd la mdt xa hdi nhan dao, nhan van, tat ca vi su phat trien va tien bd ciia xa hpi va con ngudi. d do, tang trudng kinh t8 gdn li^n vdi cdng bang xa hdi, phat triSn kinh tS di li6n vdi nang cao chat lupng eudc sdng eua toan xa hdi. Md hinh phat tridn ciia xa hpi Vidt Nam la mdt md hinh phat triSn hai hoa giOa vgt chat vdi tinh thSn, kinh t6 va van hda, cd nhdn - tap thi - edng ddng. Ddng thdi, vdn hoa Id nhdn to quan trpng de xdy di^mg nin chinh tri Vi?t Nam. Khi van hda thSm thau vao ndn chinh tri s6 tao thanh van hda chinh tri Viet Nam, bao gdm van hda Dang
TRAN VAN THUY Cdng san Viet Nam, van hda Nha nuoc
phap quySn xa hdi chu nghia Vi?t Nam, van hda eua cac doan the xa hpi Viet Nam. Bieu hien eua van hda chinh tri Vipt Nam trude het la nen chinh tri dan chti, tien bd, hudng tdi muc dieh cao nhat la vi con ngudi, giai phdng con ngudi, tdn trpng con ngudi, tao didu kien eho con ngudi phat trien toan dien, ddng thdi la nen chinh tri cd tu tudng chinh tri khoa hpe, tien bp, the hien trong dudng ldi ciia Dang cam quySn, ciia Nha nude quan ly nham phat trien xa hpi, phue vu cude sdng ciia ca nhan va cdng ddng.
Bdng ta quan niem van hoa Id m\te tiiu eua nen kinh te thi truang dinh huang xa hoi chu nghia. Loi nhuan ciia ndn kinh td nay nham phue vu Ipi ieh ngudi lao ddng, phue vy xa hdi, nang cao chat lupng ddi sdng eua ngudi lao ddng va ciia xa hpi theo tieu chl cdng bang, van minh.
v a n hda cdn Id muc tiiu eua qud trinh eong nghiip hoa, hien dgi hoa ddt nude. Y nghta sau xa eua cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda la dem lai su phat trien eua con ngudi va xa hdi vdi nhung chat lupng van hda, nhiing gia tri van hda. Ddn lupt minh, khi con ngudi cd trinh dp van hda phat tridn cao, con ngudi cd the giai quyet dupe cac yeu eau mdi, phiic tap ma su nghiap cdng nghiap hda, hien dai hda dat ra.
Bdng ta coi vdn hoa Id dQng life eua s{e phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi. Van hda nam trong va hien than trong lue lupng san xuat, trong timg con ngudi cd tri thiic, tri tup va ky nang hoat dpng; van hda nam trong va hien than trong trinh dp, nang lire td chiic quan ly ciia Nha nude, ciia cac co quan, doanh nghiep, eua xi nghi?p. Chi ed mdt
nha nude cd trinh dp, cd nang luc td chiic, quan ly; chi cd mot co quan, mdt doanh nghiep, mpt xi nghiep cd van hda thi moi dem lai hieu qua san xuat, quan ly chat lupng cao.
Mue tiiu chung eiia xdy dung vdn hoa, con ngudi Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi la:
"Xay dung van hda va con ngudi Vi?t Nam phat tridn toan dien, hudng ddn chan - thien - my tham nhuan tinh than dan tdc, nhan van, dan chu va khoa hoc. Van hda thuc sir trd thanh nen tang tinh than vung chac eua xa hdi, la sue manh ndi sinh quan trpng bao dam sir phat trien bdn viing va bao ve viing chac Td qudc vi muc tieu dan giau, nude manh, dan chu, cdng bang, van minh" [3, tr.l26]. Nhihig thudn lai ca bdn de thuc hien muc tieu tren la: Hoa binh, hpp tac va phat trien van la xu the chung; thanh tuu va kinh nghiem ciia nhihig nam ddi mdi da tao cho dat nude siic manh tdng hpp ldn hon;
nh|in thirc ve vai trd va vi the ciia van hda ngay eang sau sac, toan dien; khoa hoc, cdng nghe phat trien thiic day hinh thanh xa hpi thdng tin, tao didu kien dd nang cao chat lupng van hda; su phat trien eac hinh thiic the hien eua van hda, xa hdi hda van hda md rdng..., dang tac dpng, thiie day cac hoat dpng van hda; sir phat trien kinh te, phat trien van hda gan ket vdi viec xay dyng con ngudi la xu the ciia thdi dai; cac qudc gia tren the gidi chii trpng den van hda vdi tu each la "siic manh mem" eua mdi qudc gia trong quan he qudc te. Nhimg khd khdn, thdeh thue ca bdn la: Tinh trang suy thoai tu tudng chinh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng eua mpt bp phan khdng nho can bp, dang vien, gan vdi te quan lieu, tham nhung, lang
phi chua khac phue dupe; cude khung hoang kinh td the gidi, biin ddi khi hau, mat trai eua qua trinh kinh te toan cau hoa, kinh te thi trudng, cdng nghe thdng tin, san phim doc hai tac ddng tieu cue den van hoa, gay nen bidn ddi eac gia tri van hoa truyin thdng. Tam ly bao cap, thu dpng chua hoan toan bi xda bd; trinh dp chi dao quan ly van hda cdn bat cap; am muu, thii doan "dien bien hda binh" ciia cac thS lue thii dich, nhiing bieu hien "tir dien bien",
"tir chuydn hda" xa rdi muc tieu chii nghta xa hdi trong mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien, nhan dan ngay eang phiic tap, tac dpng tieu cue den xa hdi, trong do cd ITnh virc van hoa. Dai hpi XII eua Dang da yeu cau cac cap, cac nganh phai nhan thiic day du va thuc hien ed hieu qua myc tieu chung ve xay dimg va phat trien van hda, con ngudi Viet Nam da neu tren.
2. Mpt so gidi phdp ccf ban thuc hien muc tieu xay d^g, phdt trien vdn hda vd eon ngiroi Viit Nam
Thie nhdt, vdn de cot loi, trung tdm ciia xdy dung vdn hoa la xdy dttng con ngudi co nhdn each, dao due, ldi song dep. Con ngudi Viet Nam phai la nhiing con ngudi yeu nude. Trong xay dung van hda can phai quan tam thudng xuyen viec xay dap long yeu nude, tinh than dan tdc. Con ngudi Viet Nam phai la eon ngudi co ldng nhdn di.
Trong qua khir, ngudi Viet Nam da biet yeu thuong, diim bpc lan nhau. Trong tuong lai, de cd mdt xa hdi that su tdt dep, long nhan ai vin la nen tang quan trpng nhat eho sir tot dep dy trong ddi song xa hpi. Con ngudi ViSt Nam phai la nhiing con ngudi sang tao. Didm manh nhat eiia eon ngudi Viet
Nam la van hda giii nude, diem yeu la van hda phat trien. Thue te da kidm nghiem dieu do. Myc tieu quan trpng eua xay dung van hda la timg con ngudi va ca dan tde Viet Nam phai phat trien. Mudn vay, phai ddi mdi, phai sang tao lien tyc, khdng ngimg. Nhiing dac tinh eua con ngudi Viet Nam neu tren la rat quan trpng, ludn dupe Dang ta quan tam xay dung.
Thu hai, xdy dimg vdn hoa la muc tiiu trong cdc iTnh viic eua xa hoi.
- Xdy dung vdn hoa Id myc tieu cm chinh tri, Id ldm cho ehinh tri bao hdm tinh vdn hoa tu bdn ehdt ben trong eua nd, nghta la lam cho van hda tham sau vao chinh tri, lam eho ehinh tri dupe van hda hda, dupe dinh hinh thanh van hda chinh tri, lam cho chinh tri dan chu - phap quyen thyc hien va phat huy quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan, tham nhuan sau sac ban chat each mang, khoa hpc va nhan van. Bieu hien tinh van hda eua chinh tri d hai phuong di&n: Dd la nen chinh trj dan chu, tien bd, hudng tdi muc dich vi con ngudi, giai phdng con ngudi, tdn trpng quyen con ngudi, tao dieu kien cho con ngudi phat trien toan dien; dd la nhiing tu tudng chfnh tri tdt dep, thiit thuc, cu the, ed kha nang di vao cude sdng the hien trong he tu tudng, trong dudng ldi, chinh sach eiia Dang, trong quan ly diiu hanh ciia Nha nude, trong ung xu, trong vi?e trien khai ke hoach cu thi nham phat trien xa hpi, phue vy eupe sdng ca nhan va cpng ddng xa hdi.
Nhiem vu xay dung van hda trong chinh tri la "cham lo xay dung van hda trong Dang, trong cac ca quan nha nude va cac doan the, coi day la nhan td quan trpng de
TRAN VAN THUY xay dung hp thdng chinh tri trong s^ch,
vQng manh" [3, tr.l28]. Van hda trong chfnh tri, trong hoat ddng chinh tri eua con ngudi, timg td chlic trong hp thdng ehinh tri, nhat la trong Dang, trong Nha nude bidu hi$n thanh vdn hoa trong Bdng - vdn hda lanh dao cdm quyen, van hda trong Nhd nude - vdn hda qudn ly vd qudn tri, Dcti ngu can b$, dang vien eua Dang, dpi ngu cdng chuc ciia Nha nude, eua chinh quyen eac cap trong he thdng cdng quyen duoc giao dye, thuc hanh van hda trong chfnh tri phai la nhiing chu the eua van hda chfnh tri, tgn tuy, trach nhiem, guong mau trong cdng viec, trong quan he, trong ling xir vdi dan theo ydu cSu trong ddn, trong phdp lugt.
Phai ludn khdng ngimg ren luypn nhihig diic tinh, nhiing chuan muc nhan each eua ngudi can bd each mang la can kipm, lidm chinh, trung thuc, khiem tdn, gian di, chdng chli nghTa ca nhan. Dd la nhung ddi hdi can thiit eua dao diic cdng chiic, ciia ky luat cdng vu d i mpi can bd, cdng chirc lam trdn trach nhiem, bdn phln eua ngudi phyc vy nhan dan nhu nhiing day td, cdng bpc trung thanh, tan tuy. Ca sd xa hpi eua Dang la long dan. Chi gan dan, tin dan, mpi vipe lam diu vi dan thi dan mdi gan Dang, tin Dang, ling hd dudng ldi chii truong eua Dang, mdi bao vp Dang. Vi the, vSn hda trong chinh tri eua Dang liic nay la phai xay dung phong each dan chii, phong each quan chiing va phong each neu guong nhu Ho Chi Minh da ndu va de lai cho chiing ta hpc tap va lam theo. Nghi quyit lan thii 4 Ban Chdp hanh Trung uong Khda XII v i tdng cuang xav dung chinh don Bdng; ngdn chdn, ^qv lui su suy thoai ve tu titdng chinh
tri, ^Qo due, loi song, nhimg biiu hi$n "t^
diin biin", "tu ehuyen hda" trong ndi bd, thyc ehat la nghj quyet xay d\mg van hda trong chinh tri ciia Dang, tren co sd do tien hanh xay dyng van hda trong quan ly diiu hanh ciia Nha nude, trong cac doan thd xa hpi nham lam cho he thdng chinh tri trong sach, vung manh.
x a y dung van hda trong chfnh tri hien nay d nude ta la het siic can thiet va cap bach nham ngan chan, ddy lui s\r suy thoai v i tu tudng chfnh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng, nhiing bieu hien "tu dien bien", "ty ehuyen hda" trong ndi bd di nang cao nang luc lanh dao, siic chien ddu eiia Dang, ciing c6 mtccL tin ciia dang vien, nhan dan ddi voi Dang; nhdm xay dung dpi ngu can bp lanh dao, can bd quan ly cac cdp dap ling yeu cdu ciia su nghiep cdng nghiSp hda, hipn dai hda dat nude va hdi nhap qudc td; nham xac dinh ro thdm quyin, trach nhiem eua ngudi diing dau cap uy, ehinh quyen trong mdi quan he ddi vdi tap the cap uy, ca quan, don vi...
- Xdy dung vdn hda Id muc tiiu eua lanh te. "Xay dyng nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa vdi nhieu hinh thiic sd hun, nhidu thanh phdn kinh te, hinh thiic kinh doanh va hinh thiic phan phdi" [2, tr.73-74] la quan diem da dupe dua vao Cuang ITnh xay dyng dat nude trong thdi k^
qua do ldn chli nghTa xa hdi. Dai hpi XII ciia Dang xac dinh d^c trung ca ban cita nin kinh t i thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chit nghTa Vipt Nam "la nen kinh te v|n hanh ddy diu, ddng b$ theo cac quy lu|it ciia kinh te thi trudng, ddng thdi bao dam dinh hudng xa hpi chit nghTa phu hprp vol timg
giai doan phat triin eua dat nude. Dd la nen kinh t i thi trudng hien d£ii va hpi nhap qudc ti; cd su quan ly ciia Nha nude phap quyin xa hdi chu nghla do Dang Cpng san Viet Nam lanh dao, nhdm muc tieu "d§n giau, nude manh, dSn chu, cdng bang, vSn minh".
Ddng thdi, VSn kien Dgi hpi XII eua Dang Cling neu khai quat cac bd phan eau thanh, vai trd ciia thi trudng, vai trd eiia Nha nude, vai trd cOa nhan dan va myc tieu dam bao tien bp va cdng bdng xa hpi trong phat trien nin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chli nghta [Xem: 3, tr.102-103]. Day thye chdt la quan diim xay dung nin kinh te theo mye tieu van hda, kinh t i lay ban chat van hda lam muc tieu. Xay dung van hda trong ITnh vuc kinh te la "xay dung van hda doanh nghiep, van hda doanh nhan vdi ^ thie tdn trpng, chap hanh phap luat, giu chli tin, canh tranh lanh manh vi sy phat trien ben viing ciia dat nude, gdp phan xay dyng va bao ve To qude [Xem: 3, tr.l28].
- Xdy dung vdn hda la mue tiiu quan trong trong s\r nghiap cdng nghiep hoa, hi^n dqi hoa. Dai hdi VIII, IX, X, XI, XII da xac dinh cy the mye tieu ciia cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda ddt nude. Dai hpi XII ciia Dang nhan dinh, nude ta "dang day manh hidn dai hda, edng nghiep hda va hdi nhap qude t i " [3, tr.66], tuy nhien "thue hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda cdn cham, ehua gdn lidn vdi phat triin kinh t i tri thiic" [3, tr.85]; xac dinh nhipm vy "ddy manh cdng nghipp hda, hien dai hda, phdn ddu dua nude ta ca ban trd thanh nude cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai" [3, tr.89]. Nhu vay, y nghia siu xa v i van hda eua cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda doi vdi nude ta la
dem Igi s\r phat triin eua con ngudi va xa hpi nhiing ehdt lupng van hda, nhiing gia tri van hda. M2it khac, chi cd d\ra vao eon ngudi vdi mpt trinh dp phat tridn van hda cao mdi cd thi giai quyit nhiing ydu cau to ldn, phiie tap, mdi me eua su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dsit ra. Sir nghiep nay thyc su la mdt qua trinh xdy dung vd sdng tao van hda, ket hop hieu qud giua chien luae eon ngudi vdi chien lucre vdn hda. D^ng thdi, cdng nghipp hda, hipn dai hda vira ddi hdi, vira md ra nhung kha nang phat trien van hda va xay dung con ngudi Viet Nam. Cdng nghiap hda, hien d ^ hda phai la su phat trien theo chuan muc va thude do van hda ddi vdi moi eon ngudi va ca cpng ddng dan tdc.
Xay dung van hda la co sd de xay dung va phat trien ldi sdng mdi trong xa hdi, phat huy cac gia tri truyen thdng ciia dSn tdc, hinh thanh cac chuan muc van hda tien tien, hien dai tren nen tang eua mdt xa h^i phat triin. Din luat minh, van hda trd thanh nin tang viing ehdc d i phat triin kinh ti, chinh tri, xa hdi, trd thanh mue tieu phdn dau vuon ldn eiia con ngudi Viet Nam, trd thanh co sd de tiip thu nhiing gia tri nidi eua van hoa thi gidi hien dai, bd sung va lam phong phii gia tri van hda Vi§t Nam.
ThU ba, xdy dung vdn hda trd thdnh dgng lijce phdt triin kinh ti - xd hoi. Xay dyng va phat tridn van hda vdi tu each la dOng lire phat trien kinh t i - xa hdi, cdn t | p trung vao cac ITnh vuc sau:
- Ndng eao vdn hda lao ddng la tao npi Ivtc lao ddng, hieu qua va nang sudt lao d0ng. Van hda la sdc manh ban chdt ngudi, la trinh dp va ky nang hoat dpng
TRAN VAN THUY eua con ngudi trong lao ddng. Ngudn luc
con ngudi chinh la yiu td quan trpng, quydt dinh ciia l\rc lupng san xudt. Nang cao van hda lao dpng la iam cho nguon nhan luc cd van hda: Van hda nghe nghipp, dao diic, nhan each, trach nhipm xa hpi, y thiic edng dan, nang l\rc tu duy, nang lye thuc hanh trong lao ddng. Dang ta chii truang thuc hien dong bp cac co chi, chinh sach, giai phap phat triin nguon nhan luc, nhat la ngudn nhan l\rc chat lugng cao dap ling yeu cdu phat triin kinh t i - xa hpi [Xem:3,tr.295-296].
- Ndng cao vdn hoa tri tu? la yeu eau dac biet quan trpng va can thiit trong boi canh thdi dai hi$n nay, khi cu0c each msmg edng nghp giai d o ^ mdi dang lam bimg nd ddng thac ciia nhiing tri thiic mdi va thdng tin mdi. Bude vao giai d o ^ day mgnh cdng nghiSp hda, hipn dai hda ddt nude, con ngudi Vi^t Nam ddng trude m^t ddi hdi ldn ve nang lye tri tup, ey the la phai ed hpe vdn phd thdng viing ehdc lam nen tang, phai cd tay nghi, phai cd chuydn mdn, nghipp vy tmh thdng, phai ndm viing cdng nghp trong san xudt va hudng tdi dap irng ddi hdi ciia cdng nghe cao. Nang cao nang luc tri tue la mdu chot eua ngudn nhan luc chat luong cao, la CO sd de hinh thanh phong each lao ddng cdng nghiap, lao dpng tri tup, lao dpng sang t ^ . Do tdm quan trpng eua tri tue, xudt phat tii thuc tiin Vi^t Nam, Dang va Nha nude ta coi "giao dye la qudc sach hang ddu". Khau co ban nhdt d i thyc hi^n qudc sach hang dau la xiic tidn cai each, ddi mdi can ban, toan di^n giao dye - dao tao tir giao dye mdm non, pho thdng din dai hpc, ehuyen nghiap va day nghi.
- Ndng cao vdn hoa to chiic - qudn ly.
Nhidm vu ddy nhanh su phat triin kinh te - xa hdi eua dat nude dat ra va ddi hdi chiing ta phai nang cao van hda td chiic - quan 1^, ey the la biet van dyng sau sae, toan dien cac quy luat kinh te, n§ng cao trinh dd hpc van, tinh tu giac, trinh dp nghe nghiep, kinh nghiem eua quan chiing. Van hda td chiic va quan ly la yeu td quan trpng. Neu to chlic - quan iy khoa hpe thi cd the phat huy cao dp siic sang tao, tiim nang lao dpng, hieu qua eua hoat ddng lao ddng. Ngupc lai, to chlic - quan ly khdng khoa hpc se lam triSt tidu hdng thu lao dpng, cam hiing sang tao eua hoat ddng lao ddng. Cdng tae td chlic - quan ly khoa hpc la yeu td quyet dinh den hipu qua hogt dpng chinh trj, kinh t i , xa hdi. Dd la van hda va tao ra sdc manh van hda trong hoat ddng chinh tri, kinh ti, xa hdi.
Thii tu, de van hda phat huy dupe siic manh ndi sinh, Bdng cdn phdi tiep tue doi mdi phuang thiic lanh dao vd Nhd nude cdn ndng cao hiiu luc, hiiu qud qudn ly vi vdn hda
Xay dyng va phat trien van hda la nhiem vu quan trpng trong sudt thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nude. Dang ta yeu cau cac cap uy, cac td chiic dang cdn tang eudng tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan thiie trong Dang, trong he thdng chinh tri va trong toan xa hpi ve van hda, vi the ciia van hda trong ddi sdng xa hpi. Can ddi mdi phuang thiie lanh dao eua Dang theo hudng viia dam bao de van hda phat trien diing dinh hudng chinh tri tu tudng eua Dang, vuta bao dam quyen tu do, dan chu trong sang tao tren ea sd phat huy tinh tu giac eao
vdi muc dich diing ddn. Phai coi trpng xay dyng van hda trong Dang, trong bp may Nha nude va cac doan the xa h^i, lam cho van hda, d ^ dire, ldi sdng lanh manh duoc thi hien trude hit trong mpi td ehiic ciia Dang, Nha nude, eac doan the, trong dang vien, trong can bd vien chiic Nha nude.
Tap trung ddi mdi nang eao hieu luc, hi^u qua quan ly Nha nude ve van hda trong diiu kien phat trien kinh tB thi trudng, hOi nh$p qude te va su bimg nd cdng nghe thdng tin va truyin thdng. Dang ta cho rdng: Van hoa la hogt dpng eua con ngudi.
Trang bi ndi luc van hda eho timg chii the van hda la trang bi eho con ngudi tdt ea eac yeu to tri thiic, khoa hpc, su hiiu biit, kinh nghiem sdng, trinh dd hoat ddng chfnh tri, kinh ti, xa hpi, xay dung va lam phong phii thS gidi ly tri, tinh cam, trf tup, kha nang lao dOng, sang tao, phat minh khoa hpc - ky thuat, sang tao ngh^ thuM. Vi the, phdi eoi trpng quy hogch dao tao, bdi dudng, bd tri can bd lanh d£io quan ly van hda, can bp lam edng tac khoa hpc, chuydn gia dau nganh, can b0 d ea sd. Phai quan tam xay dyng cae trudng van hda, nghp thuat, tao chuydn bien eo ban v i chdt luang va quy md dao tao. Hinh thanh mpt sd ca sd dao tao daii hpc, trgn dgi hpe trpng diem va dat chuan khu vye va qudc t i . Day nhanh vipe the chd hda, cu the hda cac quan diim, dudng loi eiia Dang v i van hda. Hoan thipn hp thdng van ban quy phgm phap li4t, co chi, chinh sach v i van hda, v i quyin tac gia va eac quyen lien quan phd hpp vdi chudn myc qudc t i va Vipt Nam. Hoan thipn ca che, chinh sach phu hpp vdi tinh dac thii eua vSai hda, nghp thu§t. Bo sung chinh sach kinh te trong van hda, van hda
trong kinh ti, xit ly hai hoa mdi quan hf giiia phat trien kinh t i vdi phat triin van hoa. Tang eudng edng tac thanh tra vSn hda gan vdi trach nhipm ea nhan va td chiic khi xay ra sai pham. Phat huy vai trd giam sat, phan bipn xa h$i eiia cac to chiic xa hpi, cpng dong dan cu ddi vdi vide td chiie, quan ly hoat dpng van hda. Chu dpng ddu tranh, phdng, chong cac bidu hien suy thdai v i tu tudng, d?L0 ddc, "tir diln biin", "tu ehuyen hda" tren Imh vuc van hda...
T^i Dai hdi XII, Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam khdng dinh, can phai nhan thiic day dii va th\rc hi^n cd kit qua myc tidu xay dyng nen van hda va eon ngudi Viet Nam phat triin toan dien, hudng din chan - thien ~ mf, thdm nhudn tinh thdn dan tOc, nhan van, dan ehu va khoa hpc. Day la su phdt triin nhan thiic va thirc tidn, thi hi^n tri tup va tam cao ly luan ve van hda eua Dang ta.
Bdn giai phap ca ban neu tren cd y nghTa quan trpng de thyc hi^n vipe xay dung van hda va con ngudi Viet Nam hien nay.
Tai li^u tham khao
[1] Dang C$ng s4n Vi^t Nam (1998), Vdn ki?n HQI nghi Ion thu nam Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang khoa Vin, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, H4 Npi.
[2] Ding C$ng sAn Vi^t Nam (2011), VSn ki4n Dgi hpi difi bieu to&n quoc lan thu XI, Nxb Chlnh trj Qu6c gia, H4 N0i.
[3] D ^ g Cpng s4n Vift Nam (2016), V&n ki?n Dgi hpi dgi biiu loan quoc ldn thi XII, Nxb Chfnh trj Quic gia, H4 NOi.
[4] Ho Chf Minh (1995), Toan tgp, t 3 , Nxb Chinh tr) Quic gia, Hk Npi.
[51 Uy ban Quoc gia ve th§p k j quoc te phit tri^n van h6a (1998). Th^p ky thi ^di phat triin vSn hoa, Nxb VSn h6a - ThSng tin. H i N^i.
10
