I OUAN n q KIWI ix>AMi
VAI TRO CUA HOC VAN DO! Vdl HIEU QUA SAN XUAT CHE CUA NONG HO VUNG BAC TRUNG BO VIET NAM
VQ Van Hung TVirdng Dai hgc Thirong mai Email: [email protected]
HS Kim HKong Hgc vien Thanh thiiu nien Viet Nam
Email: [email protected] Ngay nhgn: 28/01/2020 Ngdy nhgn lgi: 20/02/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 24/02/2020
/^^^ oi viet tap trung vdo viic u&c lugng hiiu qud ky thugt vdphdn tich yiu to tde dgng din hiiu Cji^^ qud ky thudt eua cac ndng ho sdn xudt che vung Bac Trung Bo. Dua tren die lieu khdo sdt hai tinh la Hd Tinh vd Nghe An, nghiin cieu da xdc dfnh diim hieu qud ly thuat cua nong hg bdng phucmg phdp phdn tich bao dir Uiu (Data Development Analysis - DEA). Kit qud nghien cihi cho thdy hiiu qud canh tde trung binh dgt muc 0.66. Bin cgnh do, bdi viit cUng sir dung mg hinh hdi quy Tgbit nham ddnh pd vai trd ciia hoc van trong viec thuc day hieu qua canh tde cua cdc hg sdn xudt che qua do di xudt mgt sd kiin nghi - nhdm ndng cag hieu qud sdn xudt cua cdc hg trong che khu v^c Nghe An. Hd Tinh. Kit qud tic md hinh da
xdc dinh hgc vdn ciia chu hg co tac dgng tich c\cc den hieu qud sdn xudt, eanh tde cua nong hg. theo do, niu chu hg tang thim mat ndm hgc phd thdng, diem hiiu qud sdn xudt cua ndng hg co the tang them khodng 19%. Biiu ndy ehimg td hgc vdn co tde dgng din hieu qud ky thugt cua cdc hg ndng ddn sdn xuat che thuge hai tinh Nghi An vd Hd Tinh. Ngodi ra cdc dgc diem canh tac cua hg, so lugn^ manh ddt, diin tich vd viec tham gia vdo cdc hgi dodn thi lgi dia phucmg, cung nhu khd ndng de ddng tiip can v&i cdc ngudn von vay Id cdc yeu tg tac ddng den hi$u qud canh tac cua ndng hg sdn xudt che.
Tie khoa: Hiiu qud sdn xudt, hiiu qud ky thugt, hgc vdn, DEA, Tobit.
1. Gidi thieu hoach dua dien tich che den nam 2020 Ign 10.000 ha;
Cay che chiem mpt vi tri quan trpng trong co cau trong do, dien tich kinh doanh dat 9.240 ha, nang ndng nghiep tai khu vuc BSc Trung Bp, dong vai trd suit 130 ta/ha,sanlupngbiip tuoi 120.000 tan, |ia tri la ngudn thu nhap ehinh ciia ngudi dan ndng thdn, xuit khau 40 trieu USD. Tinh Nghe An se ca cau lai gdp phln xda ddi giam ngheo, giai quyet vigc lam vung che; trong dd cd vigc dly nhanh tign bd khoa cho lao ddng phd thdng, gop phin true tigp th6c day hpc ky thuat; ehgn viing dat thich hgp dg quy hoach tang trudng kinh te viing Bac Trung Bp. Nhin chung, phat trign che; chii trgng dau tu cho hgc van, vdn, tigm nang cay che cua viing rit Idn neu gia tang dugc gidng, tim kigm thi trudng...
gia Iri ciia cac san pham che thdng qua viec nang cao Nhieu nghign ciiu da tap tnmg danh gia chinh hieu qua san xuit che cua cac hg ndng dan trong sach da dugc thuc hien nhara cai thipn hieu qua canh viing, Rigng ddi vdi tinh Nghe An, hign dang tap tac cua ndng hd trdng che nhu tmyen dat kign thiic, trung quy hoach phat trien vung nguyen Heu che dd ning cao hgc vln, cac chinh sach vg dlt canh tac hay khai thae triet dg tigm nang ndng nghiep tren dia ban, uu dai tin dung,... Mpt sd nghien ciiu da khang dinh Ddng thdi, sii dung hieu qua quy dat, tiing budc md hpc vin va tri thiic cua ndng hd van dupe xem la rgrig dien tich, ning cao nang suit, chit lugng san mgt yeu td quan trgng trong thiic day hieu qua canh pham va phat trien bgn vixng; tao viec lam, tang thu tac cua ndng hd. Cac nghign ciru tai cac dia phuang nhap cho ngudi trdng che. Theo do, Nghe An cd kg khac nhau tren thd gidi cho thly hpc van ddng vai
Bdi Viet sir dung kel qud nghien cuu cua di tdi cdp Bg GD vd DT, ma sd B2019-TMA-09.
khoa hoc ^ So 139/2020 thtfflng mai w
O U A N Tiq KIRM DOAMI trd la cau ndi quan trpng dg ning cao hieu qua canh tac ciia ndng hp thdng qua nhieu chinh sach hay cac tac dpng khac nhau (Lockheed va cgng su, 1980; Ali
& Flinn, 1989; Strauss & cdng su, 1991; Poulton &
cdngsu, 2010; Elias& cdng su, 2013;...). Trong bai vigt nay, tac gia tap tmng vao vai trd cua hpc vln trong hieu qua canh tac ciia ndng hp bgn canh cac yeu td khac nham lam rd anh hudng ciia hpc vln ddi vdi hieu qua san xuat che cua hd ndng dan ndng thdn vung Bac Tmng Bp bao gdm hai tinh la Ha TTnh va Nghe An,
2. Co sd ly thuyet va mo hinh nghien ciru 2.1. Hieu qud sdn xudt cua ndng hg Theo Farrell (1957) hieu qua san xuat la kha nang tao ra mdt lugng dau ra cho trudc tu mdt lupng diu vao nhd nhat hay kha nang tao ra mdt lupng dau ra tdi da tir mgt lupng dau vao cho tmdc, iing vdi mpt trinh dp cdng nghg nhat dinh, Hieu qua ki thuat cd the dugc danh gia theo hai each la hieu qua ky thuat dinh hudng dau vao va hieu qua ki thuat dinh hudng dau ra, Hieu qua ky thu^t djnh hudng dau vao cho bigt cac yeu to dau vao cd the giam bao nhieu theo Cling mdt ty le trong khi van giii nguyen dau ra, cdn hieu qua ky thuat dinh hudng dau ra dugc higu la tdi da hoa dlu ra trong khi cac yeu td dau vao khdng ddi, Theo Fare & Lovell (1987), trong dieu kien tinh kinh te khdng ddi theo quy md thi hai each danh gia hieu qua ky thuat dinh hudng dau vao va dau ra cho kgt qua nhu nhau.
Coelli & cdng su (2005) cho rang viec dat hieu qua ky thuat khi san xuit dugc mdt lugng diu ra nhat dinh vdi lugng dau vao tdi thigu, nhu the, hieu qua san xuat va hieu qua ky thuat cd the higu la tuong ddng trong tmdng hgp nay. Trong nghign ciiu nay, tac gia su dung cum tii "hieu qua san xuaf hay
"hieu qua ky thuat" vdi y nghTa tuang ddng va cd thg thay the cho nhau phan anh hieu qua san xuat cua ndng hd,
2.2. Vai tro ciia hgc vdn doi v&i hiiu qud sdn xuat cua nong hg
Khi nghign cim ve hieu qua san xuat cua nong hd, Lockheed va cpng sir (1980^ da xac nhan tam anh hudng quan trgng cua hge van dgn hieu qua san xuit cua ndng hd. Dii vay, cac tac gia ciing chi ra mdi quan he giiia hgc van va hieu qua san xuit cdn phu thudc vao phuong phap tiep can phan tich cua cac nha nghien eiiu khae nhau.
khoa hoc ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = ^ ^ = . ^ = . ^ = ^ 48 ttiifOng mai
Theo Cabrera Artacho (2006) hieu gua san xuit ciia ndng hp chiu anh hudng bdi cac yeu td kinh te xa hgi, trong dd, hpc van ciia chii hd ddng vai tro quan trpng. Kgt qua' nghien ciiu cho thiy cac ygu to kinh td - xa hgi cd lign quan dgn thu nhap cua ndng hg la trinh dg hpc vin, hoat dpng phi ndng nghi?p (da dang hda ngudn thu nhap) va han che tin dyng (do anh hudng ciia thdng tin bit ddi xiing, chi phi giao dich). Cung theo Lozano. S (2010), hpc vin cua chu hd la nhin td quan trpng quyet dinh hieu qua kinh te trong san xuit ndng nghiep ndi chung, dac biet trong canh tac che. Hpc van cua chii hg (phln Idn la nhirng ngudi quyet dinh trong gia dinh) giiip hp nam bat cac ky thuat canh tac radi, su thay d6i cua mdi tmdng de sir dung cac bien phap ky thu|t higu qua dg nang cao nang suat, gia tang hieu qua canh tac, Digu nay ham y rang, cac kign thiic thdng qua hgc van giup trang bi kha nang canh tac hieu qua, dieu nay dugc xac nhan qua nhieu nghien cieu vd hieu qua canh tac cua ndng hO.
Bang mo hinh ung dung Legth-Based Cohort Analysis (LCA) trong nghien ciin qua trinh san xuat che va danh gia hieu qua san xuat che, Haroed Kouchaki-Penchah (2017), da xac dinh cac nhan t6 tac dgng den higu qua ky thuat trong san xuit che cua ndng hd, ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, mirc phi hieu qua ky thuat cd mdi lidn hg chat che vdi nhung gidi han trong hpc van va kien thirc ciia hO, Nghign ciiu cua Simar & Wilson (2007) da sir dung phuang phap DEA de udc tinh hieu qua trong san xuit cua cac ndng hp. Ket qua nghign ciiu cho thiy hpc van se ning cao trinh do hoc vln cua chii hd. Hgc van cao se giup chu hg nhanh chdng tiep can, nim bit ky thuat san xuat mdi va xu hudng thay ddi cua moi tmdng tu nhien dg cd the sir dung hgp Iy cac loai yeu td dau vao de thiic dly hieu qua san xuit cua hd.
Diiu nay dupe xac nhan lai tir nghign ciiu su dung ky thuat phan tich DEA ciia AsaduIIah (2009), Nasumdeen (2009) trong dd cac tac gia khing djnh hpc van va kinh nghiem cua chii hg cd tac dgng tich cue dgn hieu qua san xuat ciia hd. Trong cac didu kien tu nhien khic nghiet nhu khd han va nhirng vung kho tudi tigu, Kachroo & cpng su (2010) nghign ciiu hieu qua ky thuat va cac ygu td anh hudng dgn hieu qua ky thuat cua ndng hd trdng che, ket qua nghign cihi cho thay, cac ndng hp cd hieu qua san xuat cang cao, dap iing d eae dilu kien khi hau kho khan khi trinh dp hgc vln cang cao.
So 139/2020
Q U A N Tiq K I M I DOAIIH
Tai Viet Nam, nghidn ciiu cua Nguyin Phuong Hao (2012) ddi vdi cac hd trdng che cho thiy hieu qua san xuit che ciia cac ndng hp dugc khao sat chiu anh hudng quan trpng bdi hpc vin cua ndng hg trong dd, hpc van cang cao thi hieu qua ky thuat cang cao.
Ngoai yiu td hpc vin, de ningcao higu qua ky thuat cua san xuit che cdn cd mpt sd yiu to tac dpng khac nhu von, lao dgng, tham gia cac hgi, cac ygu td ve nhan khiu hgc ciia hp dac bi?t la ciia chu hp (Nguydn Quang Huy, 2018) ciing la cac yiu td quan trpng
Tir kgt qua phan tich DEA, tac gia xac dinh digra hieu qua ky thuat ciia cac nong hd. Diem hieu qua ky thuat se cd gidi han tii miic 0 (;hoan toan khdng hieu qua) den 1 (hieu qua nhlt - tdi uu trong tap dii lieu quan sat). Dua vao nhiing nghien ciru ciia Nguyen Phuang Hao (2012), Nguyen Quang Huy (2018), nghien ciiru dl xuat sir dung cac bien sd: Chi phi dlu vao, dien tich dat canh tac, quy md lao dpng cua hp; dlu ra tac gia sir dung bign sd vg tdng thu nhap tir che trgn mdi don vi dien tich canh tac.
(Nguon: Tde gid di xudt, tong hgp) kiera soat hieu qua canh tac
ciia hO san xuat che.
2.3. Mo hinh nghien CUV de xuat
Trong nghien cuu nay, tac gia nhan manh dgn viec xem xet vai trd ciia hgc van trong higu qua ky thuat canh tac che cua nong hp. Theo do, tac gia de xuat 2 md hinh nghien ciiu:
Mo hinh thic nhdt, tac gia sir phuong phap Phan tich bao dii lieu DEA nham xac djnh hieu qua canh tic ciia ndng hp. Phuong phap DEA vg co ban la thudc do raa cac hp ndng dip dupe danh gia vd hieu suit ciia hg so vdi hieu suit ciia cac hg ndng din khac dang dugc xem xet. Hieu qua ky thuat cd the dugc dinh nghla nhu sau (Cooper et al., 2004;
Mohammadi et al., 2013):
ulylj + u2y2} + ... + unynj X? = luryij vlxlj + vlxl] + ..,+ vinxnij S"' = Ivsxsj Trong do:
ur: la trpng sd cho dlu ra n;
vs: la trpng sd cho dlu vao n;
xs: la lugng dau vao n;
Yr: II sd lugng dau ra (r = 1, 2,..., n);
s: la sd lugng dlu vao (s = 1, 2, ,,, m) va j : s6 hg ndng dan (j = 1, 2, ,.., k).
Phuong trinh (1) la mgt phuang trinh phln sd, vi vay no cd the dugc chuygn thanh mdt phuang trinh tuyen tinh dupe gidi thigu bdi Chames et al. (1978):
Md td, ca s& cde biin trong mo hinh hdm sdn xudt biin Ten bien
Doanh thii/m"^
Lao ddng Chi phi dlu vao Dien tich canh tac
Cffsd
Nguygn Quang Huy, 2018; Nguygn Phuong Hao, 2012 Nguygn Phuang Hlo, 2012
-irJ
iiyrj (2)vdi /_Jr."
2_^ uyrj = 1
ur > 0, vs > 0 va (I and j = 1,2,3 &, k)
Mo hinh thie hai, 6e danh gia miic dp anh hudng ciia hpc vln va cac nhan td khac tac ddng den hieu qua ciia hieu qua ky thuat canh tac che ciia ndng hg vimg Bac Tmng Bg, tac gia de xuat md hinh hdi quy da bien (md hinh Tobit) vdi bign phu thudc la diem hieu qua ky thuat. Md hinh Tobit, ciing dupe gpi la rao hinh hdi quy bi kigm duyet (Censored regression model), dugc thiet ke dg udc tinh radi quan he tuyen tinh giira cac bign khi bien phu thupc cd kiem duyet (l)ben trai hoac ben phai. Viec kiem duyet ben phai diln ra khi cac tmdng hgp bien phu thudc cd gia tri bing hoac cao hon ngudng nao dd, nhung dlu lay gia tri cua ngudng do (cho du gia tri thuc co the bing ngudng, nhung nd cung cd thi cao hon),
Dua trgn co so ly thuyet ciia Peterson va Rajan (1997), va kit qua nghign ciiu thuc tiin ciia Gustafson (2004), Danielson & Scott (2004), Fabbri va Menichini (2005), Kachova (2005), nghien ciru dl xuat cac biln dpc lap trong rad hinh tac dpng dgn hieu qua ky thuat sau day (bang 2):
3. Phirffng phap nghien ciru va dir lieu 3.1. Dir lieu nghien cuu
Du lieu tac gia sir dung trong nghign ciiu la dii lieu dilu tra cac hp gia dinh ndng thdn viing Bac Tmng Bd bao gdm hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh.
Viec khao sat duac tidn hanh tren 480 hp ndng dan dang tham gia vao viec san xuat che trong vimg, cac ddi tugng khao sit nay khdng tham gia vao cac hoat ddng phi ndng nghiep nhim ddng nhlt mlu nghien
khoa hoc
So 139/2020 'thifting'mai
miAii n q K I M I DOAMI
Bang 2: Mo td, ca sa, ky vgng cdc bien dgc lap trong mo hinh tac ddng din hiiu qud ky tliugt T e n bien
Diem hieu qua ky thuat Hgc van chu hd Gidi tinh chu hd Tudi chii hd Hdn nhan Dan tde chu hd Sd manh dat canh tac Dien tich canh tac Lao dgn^ ndng nghiep ciia hd
M o t a
Do ludng didm hieu qua canh tac ciia hd t u md hinh D E A Do ludng thdng qua thdng tin chii hd hgc h i t Idp nao.
Gidi tinh chu hd ( l = n a m , 0=nLc) Tudi chii hd tinh den nam khao sat (2019) Hd gia dinh cd dii v g chdng hay khdng.
D i n toe Kinh hoac dan tde khac Tdng sd manh dat hd canh tac che Tdng dien tich hd canh tac che (m'') Sd lucmg lao ddng ndng nghiep ciia hg cihl dam bao tinh phu hgp cho cac ky thuat phan tich
hieu qua ky thuat. Viec lua ehpn 2 viing trgn la do day la mpt trong nhiing tinh cd s6 lupng hd ndng dan tham gia san xuat che ddng, tuy nhign 2 tinh tren deu thudc nhdra cac tinh thu nhap tmng binh d miic thip so vdi ca nudc va thuan ndng. Tai radi tinh lay 01 huyen, mdi huyen Iiy 05 xa va mdi xa chon 45 hg ndng din dS tien hanh viec khao sat. Ngoai ra, tac gia cung khao sat thgm 10 can bg quan ly va 20 chuygn gia thudc Iinh vuc nghien cim nham dam bao tinh dai dien ciia mau nghien ciiu.
3.2. Phuang phdp phdn tich die lieu Trong nghign ciiu, tac gia su dung phuong phap Phan tich bao du Ueu DEA dg tinh toan higu qua ky thuat san xuat ciia ndng hd san xuat che va sic dung md hinh hdi quy Tobit dg danh gia vai trd ciia hgc van ddi vdi hieu qua san xuat che cua cac ndng hg viing Bac Trung Bd,
Vdi phuong phap DEA sii dung ky thuat san xuit chuyen cac yeu td dau vao (lao dpng, chi phi dau vao) va cac dau vao cd dinh (dat trdng trpt) sang cac ygu td dau ra (san lupng, thu nhap tu trdng trpt). Lgi diem cua phuong phap DEA la udc lupng dupe hieu qua ciia cac don vi san xuat trong trudng hpp cac don vi san xuat sir dung cdng nghg san xuit vdi nhigu yeu td dau vao de san xuit nhieu dau ra (Coelli & cpng su, 2005), chinh vi vay, viec sic dung
DEA trd ngn pho bien de udc tinh hieu qua ky thuat eiia cac nghign ciiu vg hieu qua san xuat. Cu thg, phuang phap DEA se dugc tinh toan dua tren dudng bien san xuat dugc udc tinh tir cac dlu vao va dau ra ciia cac dan vi phan tich (Coelli & cgng su, 2005).
Vdi viec danh gia tac dgng ciia hgc van ddi vdi hieu qua san xuat cua hg san xuat che vung ndng thdn, nghien ciiu dua trgn digra sd hieu qua ky thuat san xuit ciia nong hg de udc lugng md hinh hdi quy vg vai trd cua cac ygu td trong do cd ygu td hgc vln den hieu qua san xuat cua cac ndng hd san xuat che.
Do bien phu thuge (digm hieu qua ky thuat) la bien phu thudc bi giai han (d diem thap nhat la 0 va diem cao nhlt la 1), md hinh hdi quy phii hpp la md hinh hdi quy Tobit.
4. Ket c^ua phan tich 4.1. Thdng ke mdu nghiin ciiu
Dua trgn ket qua digu tra xa hpi hpc cua 480 hp san xuat che ciia hai vimg Ha TTnh va Nghe An, thupc Bac Tmng Bd, Thong ke vl gidi tinh chii hp cho thay hon 75% hd cd chu hd la nam, dilu nay la phu hgp vdi van hda cua Viet Nam, quygt dinh trong gia dinh van la nam gidi. Trong do, hon 90% sd chii hp dupe hdi la din tpc Kinh va hon 8% chii hg la ngudi din tgc khac. Thdng ke vg tinh trang hdn niian cho thay, khoang 96% ty I? sd hd gia dinh trong mlu nghign ciiu la cd du vg chdng.
Gioi tinli Nam
Na Tong
So liroTig 363 117 480
T y i e 75.6 24.4 100.0
Dilll toe Khac Kinh Tong
So ItroTie 39 441 480
T y l e 8.1 91.9 100
Hon nhan chong Khong du v o chong Tong
So Itronp 463
17 480
T y l ? 96.5
3.5 100.0 (Nguon: Theo kit qua khao sat)
klioa hoc
HiKdngma So 139/2020
QUAN n q K I M I DOANH
V a y v o n Co Khong Tong
S6 Itrgng 117 283 480
T y l e 4 1 0 59.0 100
T h a m gia hoi Khong Co Tong
So iu-ffng 288 192 3,301
T y l e 60.0
40 100 Thdng kg trang thai vay vdn ciia
hg cho t h l y chi cd khoang 4 1 % h d gia dinh cd vay vdn hoac bang tign hay hang hda, v a phan Idn hd la khdng vay; trong khi do 40%o chii h p
cd tham gia mdt hpi doan the bat ky (Ngu6n:Theo kit qud khdo sdt)
tai dia phuang cu tru. ^ , , 0,733, 0,716 va 0,715 cd digm cao nhat trong sd 15 Cac thdng tin thdng k e v e do tudi cho thly, chu n d n g d i n thuc sic hieu qua n h i t , t u o n g iing, Ngoai hp cd tmng b m h dg tudi
khoang 35 - 40 tudi la kha
So manh dat canh tac Dien tich dat canh tac (m ) Tdng thu nhap/m Trinh do hoc van chu hp cap, chiem khoang 3 9 % .
Trinh do hgc van cua chii hp tnmg binh deu hpc het phd thdng c o sd (35.4%.), trong khi dd sd lao ddng hoat ddng s i n xuat ndng nghiep cua hp d m u c trung binh la 2.6 lag ddng trong mpt hg san xuat ndng nghiep.
Sd manh d l t canh tac nhd nhat ciia ho Pp tuoi
So lao dpng
Trung binh Bo lech chuan
(Ngudn:Theo kit qud khdo sdt)
So 17 9?.
77, 91
Hl^u qua AEC 0,854 0,754 0 733 0 716
D9 l^ch chuan 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.14
So 66 69 73 55
Hi^u qua AEC 0,701 0.696 0.696 0.693
DO Ifch chuSn 0.14 0 22 0 22 0 14
Sh 47 105 119 62
Hi^u qua AEC 0.691 0.679 0,673 0 673
D9 l^ch chuan 0.15 0.15 0,16 0 16 ra, dp lech chuan cua 15 n d n g dan thuc su hieu qua 1, nhieu n h l t la gan n h u nhau, dieu nay d u p e minh hoa trong nhit la hd cd den 5 manh dat canh tac vdi dien tich b a n g dudi d l y :
canh tac trung Bang 3,- Hieu qud cheo trung binh (AEC) aia 15 hg nong ddn trong che theo mo hinh CCR binh cua hd l e n
dgn 8,1 ngan m^, trong khi dd hg cd dien tich canh tac nhd chi dat miic 800 m2. Tdng thu nhap trung binh moi m^ canh tac
ciia hp dat trong 1 nam la 5.57 trieu/ m^, trong do hp dat miic thu nhap Idn nhat len tdi 9,09 trieu dong/ m2 va nhd nhat la 0,52 trieu dong/m^
4.2. Kit qud u&c luffng hieu qud ky thugt Ket qua u d c lugng bang p h u a n g phap D E A cho thay, vdi 480 ndng hg, t m n g binh diem sd hieu qua ky thuat nam a miic 0.66 vdi dp lech chuin la 0.27. Trong dd cd 124 hd cd diem sd hieu qua ky thuat dat d miic tdi u u (=1), 232 hp dat diem hieu qua k y thuat, 62 hd khdng dat diem hieu qua.
Ngoai ra, thdng qua viec danh gia hieu qua cheo trung binh A C E (average cross efficien- cy) cua eae hd ndng d i n theo each xdp hang b i n g md hinh C C R (Md hinh C C R d u g c xay dung dua trgn gia dinh Igi nhuan khdng ddi theo quy rao cua cac hoat ddng - CRS) cho t h l y sd 37, 92, 72, 91 v a 45 cua n d n g dan v a i diem hieu qua t m n g binh la 0,854, 0,745,
0.8-1 0-5-0.8
So 139/2020
Hinh 1. Muc dgt hiiu qud ky thudt cua cdc hg nong dan sdn xudt che
khoa hoc ^ tltifdngmai 51
O U A N T R I KUM DOAMI 4.3. Ket qud phdn tieh vai tro eua hgc van ddi v&i hieu qud sdn xudt cda nong ho
Md hinh udc lupng Tobit nhan manh dgn vai trd ciia hgc van cd ket qua ve tac ddng Idn hieu qua san xuat cua hd cd bidn dpng rat thip, dieu nay eho thly tinh dn dinh cua md hinh ddng thai xac nhan vai trd cua bign hpc van dgn hieu qua san xuit ciia hp. Chi sd R2-pseudo ciia md hinh 2 dat mirc 71.22% cho thay md hinh udc lupng la dat yeu cau.
dpng giu d rapt ty Ig phii hgp, sd manh dat canh tic it cd thd giiip hg gia dinh tap trung vao cac muc ti6u ky thuat dl nang cao higu qua, hon thd niia, tac dgng ciia sd lupng raanh dit canh tac din su thay ddi hi?u qua ky thuit cua ndng hd cho thiy mdt khi cd sy thay ddi trong sd lugng canh tac (vi du: ddn dign ddi thiia, canh ddng Idn,..) co thi thay ddi nhigu den hieu qui boat d^ng canh tac ciia hd.
g4.- Ket qud u&c lugng cdc nhdn to tde dgng den hiiu qud ky thugt
Hocvan Tuoi Gioitinh Dantoc Honnhan Laodong Manhdat Dientich Vayvon Hoi So quan sat LR chi'(lO) Piob > chi' Log likelihood Pseudo R '
Coef, .1892499 .001779 .0038811 .0351179 -.0127945 -.0110521 -.0054476 .0460845 .1556963 .0666504 480 673.24 0.0000
Std, Err, .0097432 .0010146 .0143543 .0149541 .0331798 .0076742 .038513 .0103244 .0218373 .0226366
281.6422 71.22%
t 19.42
1.75 0.27 2.35 -0.39 -1.44 -0.1 4.46 7.13 2.94
P>t 0,000 0.080 0.787 0.019 0.700 0.151 0.888 0.000 0.000 0.003
195% Conf, .1701019 .0037729 -.0243291 .0057289 -.0780018 -.0261341 -.0811361 .0663749 .11278 .0221633
Interval!
,208398 .0002149 .0320913 .0645068 .0524128 .0040299 .070241 .0257942 .1986126 .1111374
(Ngudn: Kit qud tc&c lugng)
Kgt qua nghign cuu cho thly, hgc van ciia chii hd cd tac ddng tich cue den hieu qua san xuat, canh tac cua ndng hd, theo dd, neu chii hp tang them rapt nam hpc phd thdng, didm hieu qua san xuat ciia ndng hd cd thg tang thgm khoang 19%. Dieu nay chiing td hgc van cd tae ddng dgn hieu qua ky thuat ciia cac hp ndng dan san xuat che thupc hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh, khu vuc Bac Tmng BO-
Cac dac digra canh tac cua hp ciing co tac ddng den hieu qui canh tac ciia ndng hp. Theo dd, hp gia dinh cang cd nhieu manh dat canh tac va cing cd nhieu lao ddng thi hieu qua ky thuat cang thip. Tuy nhien, neu dien tich canh tac cua hd gia dinh cang rgng thi hieu qua ky thuat dat dugc cang cao. Digu nay cho thiy, hieu qua ky thuat cd the dat dugc d miic do cao hon khi cac digu kien ve dat dai va lao
Bgn canh do, vigc tham gia vao cac hdi doan thg t^i dja phuong, ciing nhu kha nang dg dang tilp can vol cac ngudn vdn vay la cac y6u td tich cue tac dpng den hieu qua canh tac ciia ndng hd san xuit che. Nhin chung, viec tham gia vio hdi, doan thi ty than khdng the nang cao hieu qua ky thuat trong canh tac cua cac hg ndng dan trdng che khu vuc Bic Trung Bg ma thdng viec tham gia vao hgi, cac thanh vien cua hgi cd the nang cao kiln thitc, kinh nghiem thdng qua hoat ddng chia se ciing nhu ddn nhan cac thdng tin mdi de nang cao hieu qui canh tac cua minh.
5. Ket luan
Kit qua tii nghign cuu cho thay, hpc vin khdng chi ddng vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi vigc nang cao higu qua canh tac ciia cac hd ndng dan trdng che khu khoa hac .
thifdngmai' So 139/2020
O U A N n q K I M I DOAMI
vuc BSc Trung Bd ma no cdn trd thanh cau ndi quan trgng trong vi6c tilp nh?n kiln thurc thdng qua viec thara gia cac hpi doan thi. Ben canh dd, cac yiu td khac cung cd tac dpng tich circ len hieu qua canh tac ciia hg nhu dit canh tac it bi phln raanh, gidi han trong ngudn lire lao dgng; kha nang tiep can ngudn vdn vay. Ham y chinh sach ddi vdi vi?c nang cao higu qua canh tie ciia ndng hO la viec thiic dly cac hoat ddng chia se kinh nghigra di liSn vol ning cao trinh dg, dac bipt ddi vdi chii hO. Nhin chung, dl ning cao hiiu qua san xuat che d khu vuc Bac Tmng Bg noi rieng va hieu qua san xuat che trgn toan qudc ndi chung cin nhan thiic diing vg vai trd cua hgc van tir dd cd cac chinh sach nham hd trg phat triSn hgc vin tai cac dia phuang, cy thg nhu sau:
Thic nhdt, tang cudng ngu^n lire bao gdm nguon lire vl tai chinh va nhin lyc cho hpc van cua cac hd gia dinh d khu vyc ndng thdn. Ben c^nh ngudn luc dau tu tir ngin sach Nha nudc thi ciing can phai huy ddng thgm cac ngudn luc tur cac doanh nghi$p trong nudc, td chiic qudc tg,...
Thu hai, tang cudng pham vi bao phii cua chinh sach din cac ddi tugng can dugc hd trg hpc van.
Chinh phii can cat giam ngan sach d nhirng ITnh vye dau tu khdng hieu qua de tang cudng h§ trg cac dich vu xa hdi co ban cho ngudi ngheo, cic hO gia dinh d khu vyc ndng thdn, dac biet la cac chinh sach trg cap giao due. Cd nhu vay, pham vi bao phu ciia chinh sach mdi dugc md rpng va se cd thdra nhigu ngudi ngheo d khu vyc ndng thdn tigp can dugc vdi cac chinh sach trg cap giao due hon, tir do se ning cao dugc thu nhap va cai thien ddi sdng ciia cac hg gia dinh 6 khu vyc ndng thdn.
Thie ba, quin ly chat che vi?c thyc hien chinh sach trg cap giao dpc va chinh sach cho vay vdn nham hd trg ngudi ngheo de cac chinh sach den dupe dling vdi ddi hipng cin hd trg. Dg thyc hien cac chuong trinh an sinh xa hdi nay, cin phai xay dung mdt he thdng tii Tmng uang din cac dia phuang nham giam sat ch|it che viec thyc thi cac chuang trinh ho trg cho nguoi ngheo khu vyc ndng thdn.
Thu tu, ve chinh sach hd trp vl dit dai canh tac, khuyin khich chinh sach "ddn diln ddi thira"
nham tang dien tich san xuit ndng nghiep, tao dieu kien cho san xuit ndng nghigp phat triln. Ddng thdi, phai xay dyng hg thdng ha tang ddng bg d cae khu vyc nay nhara bao dam cac hoat ddng thuang mai, luu thdng trao ddi dupe de ding, thuan Ipi. Cling nhu khuyen khich cac hp gia dinh thara gia vao cac hiep hpi ndng san dg dl dang tilp can vdi cac kinh nghiem san xuit ciing nhu each thiic tieu thu san phim.4
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Agricultural Economics Research Review; 54(4):
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_^khoa hoc c^- 'ttiifdnymai 53
mi^^^i^m-'<.
Q U A N n q KIMI DOi
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S u m m a r y
The paper focuses o n estimating production effi- ciency and analyzing t h e factors affecting the pro- duction efficiency o f tea farms in the North Centra!
region. Based on the survey data of H a Tinh and Nghe An, the paper has determined the production efficiency o f tea farms b y D a t a Development Analysis (DEA). T h e results showed that the aver- age technical efficiency reached 0.66. In addition, the paper also uses the Tobit model to evaluate the role of education in promoting the production effi- ciency of tea farms, give sorae recommendations to improve the production efficiency o f tea farms in Nghe An and H a Tinh. T h e results showed that the education of the household head has a positive impact on production efficiency. If the household head has studied more than one school year, the farmer's production efficiency score will increase by 19%. In addition to the characteristics of farms, the number of plots, the area and participation of local associations, the level of access to loans are factors that influence cultivation efficiency of tea farms.
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