TEU^T HOC, S 6 6 (253), THANG 6-2012
NANG CAO NHAN THIJTC - CO SO CHO VIEC HINH THANH NIEM TIN
V Q N G C H A C V A OCON DLfCJNG
DI LEN CHU NGHlA XA H 6 I 6 VIET NAM
D 6 THI NGOC LAN '*'
Diidi sU Idnh dgo cua Ddng Cgng sdn, trong mgi hodn cdnh, cdch mgng Viet Nam ludn kiin dinh muc tiiu diia ddt niidc tien len chd nghia xd hgi. Di gdp phdn xdy di/ng vd cung coniim tin cua nhdn ddn vdo sii tdt thang cua chu nghia xd hdi trin ddt niidc ta, trong bdi viit ndy, tdc gid dd ludn gidi nham ldm ro cd sd khoa hoc cua niem tin dy bang cdch diia vdo nhiing tri thUc khoa hgc divg.ch ra bdn chdt vd quy luat cua con diidng di Iin chu nghia xd hgi d Viet Nam.
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iidng link xdy diing ddt niidc trong thdi ky qud do len chu nghia xa hdi dUdc Dai hdi Dang idn thQ XI bo sung, phat triin, mgt lan nQa, khdng dinh: Di len chu nghia xa hgi la khat vpng cua nhan ddn ta, la sii liia chpn dung ddn cua Dang Cong san Vidt Nam va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh phu hdp vdi xu t h i phdt trien eua lich sii(l). Xay dling niim tin viing chdc vao con dUdng nay la nhidm vu quan trpng ciia cdng tae tuyen truyen cua Dang cung nhU eua ea he thd'ng giao due Viet Nam.Va'n d i dat ra la, tai sao chung ta tin va di theo sii liia chpn dd khi md md hinh ve nd ehUa rd rdng va trdn thiic t i he thd'ng xa hdi ehii nghia da khdng cdn, chu nghia tU ban vdn dang phat triin vd cd nhQng thanh tiiu khdng nhd? D i tra ldi mot caeh thuyet phuc va cd ed sd khoa hpe nhdm xay diing niem tin nay, trUde h i t va nhd't thiet phai diia vdo nhQng tri thQc khoa hpe de vach ra ban chd't vd quy luat eua con dudng di len chu nghia xa hgi.
Chiing ta diu biet, niim tin la sii hda quydn mgt each hQu cd giQa ba ye'u to:
Tri thiic, tinh cam vd y chi. M§i ye'u to' cd mgt chQc nang va vai trd nha't dinh trong cau triac niim tin; trong do, tri thQc la yd'u to' quan trgng nha't. Bdi vi, trUdc bet de tin vao diiu gi dd thi ehu the phai cd nhan thQc ve nd. Do vay, tri thQc cua mdi ngudi se la nhQng vien gach ddu tien xay diing ndn lau dai niem tin. Su nhdn thQc cang sau sdc thi edng ed ed sd de xay diing niim tin viing ehde. Tri thQc la ke't qua eiia nhdn thQc. Nhdn thQc la mdt qua trinh, la boat dpng phan anh hien thUc khaeh quan, phan anh thiic tien. Neu cdn cQ vdo tinh chdt thi sii phan anh nay bao gdm hai giai doan Idn: Nhan thQc cam tinh (cam giac, tri giac) va nhan thQc ly tinh (tu duy, tudng tUdng). Toan bd nhiing tri thQc ma ehu the tiep thu dUde d giai doan nhan thUe cam tinh ciing dUde sit dung di xay diing niem tin. NhUng, ne'u niim tin chi xay dUng tren cd sd nhdn thQc cam tinh thi thieu
(*) Tien a, Hoc vien Hanh chinh, ccJ s6 Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
(1) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Bgi fwi dgi bieu todn qud'c lan thU XI. Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia. Ha Nfli, 2011, tr.70.
vQng chdc, dd thay doi. Bdi vi, day la giai doan dau trong toan bd boat dpng nhdn thQc eua eon ngUdi. Do vay, du nhan thQc cam tinh da cho chiing ta hieu biit tUdr^ doi ve dm tUdng, nhUng nhiing tri thQc cam tinh chi phan anh dUdc nhiir^
thupc tinh ben ngodi, cu the ciia cae sii vdt, hidn tUdng dang tdc dgng tnic tiep vdo eae giac quan ciia con ngUdi. Han ehe' Idn nhat cua nhiir^ tri thiic cam tmh la chUa eui^
cdp cho chu the sii hieu biet sau sdc vi cai ben tror^, cai ban chat, cai quy luat eua cae sii vat, hien tUdr^.
Trong thiie ti, neu chi nhin ben ngoai, chiing ta thdy chu nghia tU ban dang phat trien rat manh, dang thdng t h i tren toan cdu. Trong khi dd, chu nghia xa hgi vdi tU each mgt he thong da tan ra, md hinh thi vdn dang tim Idem.
Hidn thiic nay thdt sU da anh hudng nghiem trgng tdi niim tin va gay ra si^
hoai nghi eua khdng it ngUdi vi eon dudng di len eua each mang Vidt Nam.
NhUng binh tam lai, vdi nhiing tri thQc cua giai doan nhdn thQc ly tinh, chiing ta se ed cd sd khoa hpe dd cung ed' niim tin vao con dudng md Chu tich Hi Chi Minh va Dang ta da liia chpn.
Dac diem quan trpng cua nhdn thQc ly tinh la phan anh dUde eai bdn trong, cai ban cha't, cac mdi Hdn he ed tinh quy ludt cua mdt ldp cac sii vat, hidn tUdng.
Quy luat phii dinh eua phu dinh dd ehi ra sU phu dinh cua cac hinh thdi kinh td' - xd hpi ma loai ngUdi da trai qua vd se di tdi hinh thai kinh te - xa hgi cao hdn. Khuynh hudng van ddng dy khdng theo dudng thdng, ma quanh co, xoay trdn d'c theo hudng di len. Tham chi, ed nhiing khi thut liii trong khuynh hudng phat trien - da'y la nhiing luc cdch mang gdp khd khan. V6i trinh dp nhdn thQe
ly tinh, chiing ta con biet dUdc nguon goe cua sii van ddng cua xa hdi tU ban.
Dd la nhiing mau thudn vd'n ed dang ton tai va vdn ddng ngay trong ban than xa hpi dd; va tat yeu se cd ngay - mdt xa hdi mdi cao hdn thay the nd. Tri thQc ly tinh cho ta niem tin nhU vdy.
Chu nghia tU ban dang trong giai doan phat triin, nhUng khdng phai se ton tai mai mai, nhat dinh se cd ngay hi didt vong. Vi rdng, bd't cQ sU vat ndo ciing ed qua trinh phat sinh, phat trien va didt vong. Dd la quy luat. Hdn nQa, dd cung ehUa phai la xa hdi td't nha't trong todn bg ndc thang phat trien cua lodi ngUdi.
O Viet Nam, sau ngdy Cach mang thdng Tam thanh cdng, ddt nUdc ta dQng d nga ba dudng. Mue tidu cua Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh va nhiing ngUdi cgng san, nhiing ngUdi ydu tU do khdng phai la quay lai che do phong kien; cai^
khdng phai trd thanh giai cd^p tU san de roi phan bdi lai nhiing ngUdi dan da di theo minh lam each mang vd thdng tri, bde lot hp nhu giai cdp tU san da lam trong lich sQ, nghia Id khdng the xdy dling ehi dp tU ban. Do vdy, di len chu nghia xa hdi Id sii lUa chpn td't yd'u, phii hdp quy luat tien hoa cua lich sut loai ngudi. Nhan thQc ly tinh cho ta tri thQc nhu vay. Dieu dd khdng phai ngdu nhien, ma Id "sii liia chpn cd ehu dich"
cua Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh,
"NgUdi cd tam nhin eao rdng va sdu xa, xuyen qua lieh sQ, bao quat khdng gian, thdy sang tUdng lai, md ra nhiing bUdc ngoat vi dai, dUa ddn toe Vidt Nam tQ eanh nd Id Iam than ra dnh sang dgc lap tu do, tQ mpt dd't nUdc it ai biet de'n trd thdnh ngudi chien si tieu biiu cho ea lodi ngUdi tien bd ydu me'n va khdm phuc. Dd la tam nhin mang y nghia
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NANG CAO NHAN THUC...
chid'n lupc, nhin thSty con dudng cQu nUdc la eon dudng each mang vd san, ddc Idp dan tpc gap gd va hda nhdp vdi ehu nghia xa hdi, chii nghia yeu nUdc gdn vdi chu nghia qud'c te vd san, caeh mang giai phdng dan tdc vd each mang xa hdi chu nghia quydn vao nhau trong mdt khdng gian vd thdi gian, d mpt nUde va trdn toan the gidi"(2).
Chiing ta lUa chpn con dUdng di len chii nghia xa hdi vi tinh dan chii nhan ddn trong chd' do dd nhU Chu tich Ho Chi Minh vdn titng khang dinh: "Che' dd ta Id ehe dd dan chu. TQe la nhdn ddn ldm ehii".
Ho Chi Minh quan nidm Nha nUde ta Id "Nha nUdc ciia ddn, do ddn vd vi ddn". Day Id tu tudng v i mot nha nUdc
"ddn ehu" ma d do, quyen cua ngUdi dan dUde thuc thi. TrUdc het, de thiic hien quyin lam chu thiic sii ciia ngUdi ddn, ngay sau khi gianh dUde ddc ldp, Ngudi da to chQc Tong tuyen cit (6 - 1 - 1946) di, idn ddu tien, todn the ngUdi dan Viet Nam khdng phan biet gdi, trai, tre, gia, tdn giao, thanh phan xudt than, ddng ed'p, nd nQc di bau cQ - thiie hien quyin iam chu eao nha't eua minh. Vi rdng, "dan chii ddi hdi quyin binh dang ciia tat ca cac cdng dan" va sii binh ding phai dUdc hieu theo nghia rdng:
Binh dang ve cd hdi, binh ddng trUde phap luat va binh ddng trong viec chpn ngUdi dai dien (nhUng khdng ed nghia la mpi ngUdi phai sd'ng nhU nhau, phai cd thu nhap nhU nhau...). Bdi vi. Ho Chi Minh hieu sdu sdc rdng, dieu quan trpng dd'i vdi mdi ngUdi la quyin dUde tham gia vdo ddi sd'ng eiia dd't nUdc, cua tdp thi, eiia xa hgi. Bdi le, ban chat cua dan chii la quyen tU do ca nhan. Id sii tdn trpng ca nhan con ngUdi nhU Ldi
ndi ddu cua Tuyen ngon quoc ti' ve Nhdn quyin da viet: "Cdng nhdn nhan pham va nhQng quyin binh dang khdng the tudc doat cua td't ca mpi ngudi trong dai gia dinh nhdn loai la nen tang cua tii do, edng bdng va hda binh tren todn t h i gidi"(3).
Nha nUdc ddn ehu thiie sU biiu hien trUde hit d chd, quyin eua eon ngUdi trong vide tham gia viee quan ly nha nUdc thdng qua cd che' khae nhau, quyen ldm thanh vidn binh ddng trong mdt tap the nao dd, quyen dUdc the hien quan diem cua minh va dUde idng nghe. NhU vay, cd sd Ilia chpn dan chu se la niem tin vao sii binh dang cua mpi edng dan.
Mgt mat, dd Id niim tin vao quyen tu do cua mdi ngUdi; mat khdc, tin rdng tu do cua ngUdi nay khdng can trd dd'i vdi tU do eiia ngudi khae. Nha nUdc dy la Nha nUdc xd hdi chu nghia ma chiing ta da lUa chpn va kien tri di theo.
Khi "nghien cQu he thd'ng tU tudng Ho Chi Minh ta thdy ra't rd quan diim cua Ngudi ve ba giai doan tren eon dudng phat triin ciia cdch mang Viet Nam: giai phdng ddn tgc, xay diing che do dan ehu nhdn dan, tiin Idn chu nghia xa hdi. Trong do, che dd ddn chu nhdn dan la bUdc phu dinh tridt de nhiing tan tieh eua ehe do cu - che' dp thiic ddn, phong kiin, dong thdi dd eiing la budc khdng dinh - xac lap nhiing cd sd, nen tang cho che do xa hdi mdi d trinh do phat triin cao hdn la chu nghia xa hpi. Che dp dan chii nhdn dan Id mdt giai doan tdt ye'u tren con dUdng phat
(2) Bao Tuoi tre, ngay 5-6-2011.
(3) Tuyen ngon qudc ti' ve Nhdn quyen (1948) Pham Nguyen TrUcing dich.- Trong Che do ddn chu, nhd niidc vd xd hgi. Nxb Tri thflc. Ha Noi,
trien cua xd hdi Viet Nam. Nhiing dac diem cua che' dp xa hpi mdi dUdc xae lap trong tu tudng Ho Chi Minh trUde het thdng qua phUdng phap tU duy chuyen hda nhQng dde diem cua che dp xa hpi eu thdnh mat dd'i lap ciia nd. Day chinh la phuong phap tU duy bien chQng. Vdi phUdng phap tU duy nhU the, qua trinh xay dling (quy dinh) ehe dp dan chu nhdn dan trong hien thiic dUde tu duy trUdc het la qua trinh vUdt bd (phu dinh) mpt each triet de va toan dien nhQng dac tning ban chat cua ehe' do thiic dan, phong kien... Song, dd ehUa phai la mgt hien thiie hoan toan, day du"(4). Ro rang, che' do xa hgi ehii nghia Id giai doan phat trien cao hdn chi cd thi ra ddi tQ cai khae nd - tQ c h i do dan ehu nhdn dan. Hay ndi each khae, "che' dd ddn ehu nhan dan la giai doan phdt trien thap hdn nha't dinh se chuyen hda thanh cai khae nd - che dp xa hdi chu nghia trong qua trinh van ddng khaeh quan cua minh"(5).
Su ra ddi eua che dp xa hdi chii nghia tQ eai khae eua nd chinh la mgt bude chuyin ve chd't trong qua trinh van dgng va phat triin cua xa hgi Viet Nam. Qua trinh hien thiic hda tU tudng cua Ho Chi Minh v i con dudng di len chii nghia xa hpi d Viet Nam, ed the khdng djnb chdc ehdn dd la sii lUa ehpn cd chii dieh, hdp quy luat: 'Viet Nam tien dan len chu nghia xa hdi tQ trong che dd ddn ehu nhan dan - chi dp dan chu nhdn dan d trinh dp phat trien eao.
Trinh dp phat trien cao cua che dp ddn ehu nhan dan the hien trUdc het d sii tie'n bp trong nang lUc lam chu cua ngUdi dan, 3 vide hodn thidn bp mdy nhd nUdc va he thd'ng phap ludt vdi tu each la nhQng cdng cu quyin liie cua nhan
dan va ciing vdi nhiing budc phat trien v i phUdng didn chinh tri, sU phdt trien ciia chi dp dan ehu nhan dan cdn thi hien tren cac linh viic kinh te, van hda, xa hdi" (6). Dong thdi, can xae dinh xdy dling che dp xa hpi chii nghia Id bUdc chuyen ve chat; vi the', dd la mdt qua trinh vdi nhieu bUdc di. Do vay, phai ed lg trinh trong vide xay diing ed sd vdt chat, trong tat ea cac quan hd va cac linh viic ciia ddi sdng xa hdi.
Van dung sang tao tU tudng Ho Chi Minh) Dang ta ludn ndm viing ngpn cd dpe lap dan toe vd chu nghia xa hpi, dUa dat nUdc di vao quy dao xa hdi chu nghia vdi quyet tam va sii dong long cua todn ddn tpc, du rdng trdn eon dudng di tdi cdn phai dd'i mat vdi khdng it thach thQc va khd khan. Chii nghia xa hgi chUa tdi khdng cd nghia la khdng cd. NhUng chiing ta eiing khdng thu dgng chd ehu nghia tU ban tii tieu vong, ma vdi tinh than each mang, vdi mong ude ciia con ngUdi dUde sdng trong binh ddng va tii do, chiing ta phai ehu dpng hanh dpng de ehu nghia xa hdi mau din hdn. Toan Ddng va toan ddn ta dang co gdng di thiie hien ly tudng dd. Chiing ta dang thiic hien cdng nghiep hda, hifn dai hda de cd cd sd vat chat, ky thuat va con ngUdi cho chu nghia xa hdi.
Viec dat nUdc eon kdm phat triin da khien mot s6' ngUdi lam tudng, do ldi eho chu nghia xa hdi. Dd la sii ngd nhdn; bdi vi, con dUdng nay - con dUdng di Idn chu nghia xa hgi chUa tiing cd trong Ueh sit phat trien. Cd nhiiu nguyen nhdn ddn de'n sii ye'u kem eung nhu sU do v9 eua he thd'ng xa hdi chu
(4) Tap chi Cgng sdn dien tH, 22-11-2010.
(5) Tgp chi Cgng sdn dien tti, 22-11-2010.
(6) Tgp chi Cgng san di4n ti, 22-11-2010.
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NANG CAO NHAN THUC..
nghia, nhUng suy den eung, ldi la do con ngUdi chQ ban than chu nghia xa hdi khdng c6 ldi, cang khdng phai Id ban chd't cua nd. Chung ta vQa khai pha, vQa xay diing ndn cd mdc khuyet diem cung Id diiu khd tranh khdi. Neu di vao con dudng cu cua lich sQ - chii nghia tu ban thi chung ta se dau kho vi ldi ich se rdi vao tay mpt thieu so' ngUdi.
Di vao con dudng mdi cdn md mdm thi dau khd cung khdng kem vi gian khd, va't va vd cung; nhUng dd Id sii vdt va tU nguydn, tii giac, ding long ciing nhau ciia toan dan tdc, ciia nhQng ngUdi Iao ddng dudi sii lanh dao cua mgt Dang tidn phong. Giai cd'p ndng dan va cac tang ldp nhan dan Iao ddng khae trong xa hdi Viet Nam ciing ehung con thuyen di Idn ehu nghia xa hdi vdi giai ca'p cdng nhdn - giai cap lanh dao vi cung ehung nhu cdu, ldi ich va dpng cd nen hanh ddng thd'ng nhd't. Su nghiep each mang nay la ciia todn dan.
TQ sii phan tich tren, mdt idn nQa, cd t h i khdng dinh rdng, nhan thUe eua chiing ta phai dat tdi trinh dp nhan thQc ly tinh thi niim tin vao ly tudng md chung ta theo duoi mdi cd cd sd khoa hpc va do vay, niim tin d'y mdi vQng chae. Theo dd, vide nang cao nhan thQc la gdp phan vdo viec hinh thdnh niem tin vQng ehde vdo con dUdng ma Dang va Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da lUa ehpn. Dd ciing la nhidm vu cua m5i ngUdi, trudc bd't la dpi ngu can bd, dang vien ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam.
La nhQng ngudi theo chu nghia Mae - Lenin, chung ta hiiu rdng, nang cao nhdn thQc khong chi d i ed cd sd khoa hpe cho niem tin vQng ehde vao sii lUa chpn cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh vd cua Dang; ma cdn phai bien niem tin thanh
hdnh dgng thie't thuc de ehu nghia xa hdi mau thanh hien thiie. Vdn biet rang eon dudng dd edn nhieu gai gdc. Va, neu moi ehung ta khdng tii giac hanh dpng thi con dudng di Idn chii nghia xa hgi se ddi them vd niem tin khd tranh khdi bi anh hudng.
Thdt vdy, ehung ta da kit thue ehUdng trinh cai each td'ng the nen hdnh ehinh nhd nUde vdi nhQng thanh tliu nhd't dinh, nhQng xet ve muc tidu va trach nhiem thi cdn ra't nang ni.
Chang han, vd'n d i tham nhung dang ndi len nhU mgt nguydn nhdn gay can trd tien trinh di Idn chu nghia xa hdi ciia da't nUdc. Theo k i t qua dieu tra ehi so' hieu qua quan tri va hanh chinh cdng cd'p tinh, thdnh phd' d Viet Nam (papi) do Uy ban Trung Udng Mat tran Td' Qud'c Vidt Nam va UNDP phd'i hdp khao sat d 30 tinh, thanh phd' (cdng bd' ngay 31-3-2011), ngUdi dan danh gia chat lUdng phuc vu va hidu qua phuc vu nhan ddn eua chinh quyen la "hanh chinh cdng khdng tinh ndo hoan hao".
Cung theo dieu tra nay, tham nhiing dang len ldi trong nhieu linh vUc hanh chinh cdng vd thiic sii trd thdnh vd'n nan Idn cua xa hdi. Phai cd tien "lot tay"
cdng vide mdi trdi ehay. Nan tham nhiing dang lan tran tQ quan chQe eae cap eho de'n "tham nhung vdt" d cd sd.
Ddng thdi, mdt xu hUdng mdi dang xuat hien rdt dang lo ngai, do la mdt bg phan dan cU dang cd xu the thoa hiep vdi tham nhung. Tham nhiing tran lan trong eac linh viic hanh chinh edng, dien ra hang ngay, lam xdi mdn Idng tin cua dan v i hieu liic hanh ehinh eiia chinh quyin(7). Bai viet "Kinh doanh
(7) Thdi bdo Kinh teSdi Gon, ngay 7-4-2011.
bdng "quan he" hay phap luaf (8) neu kit qua khao sat gdn day cua Ernst &
Young eho thay, ed tdi 96% doanh nghidp Viet Nam dUde hdi da xae nhan cd lien quan de'n hdi lg hay tham nhiing. Dieu ddng lo ngai la chi ed 3%
trong so' 6.700 doanh nghiep cho bie't tham nhiing gay khd khdn Idn cho hp.
Va, theo mdt dieu tra khae ciia VCCI vao nam 2009, co 59% doanh nghiep phai md't phi bdi trdn, gdn 62% sd' doanh nghiep dUde hdi thQa nhdn phai cd "mdi quan he" vdi can bd tinh thi mdi tiep can dUdc cac tdi lidu lidn quan tdi hoat ddng kinh doanh, nhU quy hoach sQ dung ddt, ke' hoach phat trien ha tdng; 41% doanh nghidp thQa nhdn phai thUdng lUdng vdi can bd thud' dia phUdng mdi lam an sudn se. Nguyen Thd'ng ddc Ngdn bdng Nha nUdc Viet Nam Cao Si Kiem cho rdng, hidn tUdng tren the hien sii xud'ng cd'p ve dao dUc eua ca doanh nghidp lan can bd cdng chQc trong cac cd quan nha nUdc.
Ludt gia TrUdng Trpng Nghia, dai biiu Hgi dong nhan dan thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh, cho rdng, "quan hd" d day thiie chd't la mdt dang tham nhung giQa mgt bdn Id doanh nghiep cd nhu cdu xin xd vd dQa hdi lg, cdn ben kia Id can bg, cdng chQc ed quyen giai quyet va nhan hdi lg. Luat gia so sanh, 20 nam trUde tham nhiing kieu nhU tren hdu nhU khdng c6 hoac ra't hiem. Luc a'y, quan chQc chUa biet ra gia, hg chi nhan qua cap lat vat va khong gdn vdi quyen liic.
Hau qua nghidm trgng cua each iam an bdng "quan he" khdng theo luat la tham nhiing khong cdn la rao can, khdng cdn bi bat huge, ma da trd thdnh cdng eu canh tranh ldi hai. Nhieu doanh nghiep cho rdng, viec "quan he" khong trd ngai
Idn din boat ddng san xud't kinh doanh cua minh. (Chi cd 3%/ 6.700 cho rang tham nhiing gay khd khan Idn eho hg).
Doanh nghiep chii ddng "bdt tay" vdi ngudi ed chQe quyin di cung dat muc tieu Id chia nhau ldi nhudn. Cach ldm dn diia vao "quan he" la chinh da va se la trd ngai chu ye'u khi lam an vdi the gidi. Qng LUdng Van Tii, nguyen Thii trUdng Bg ThUdng mai, TrUdng doan dam phan Viet Nam - WTO, nhan dinh:
"Cac doanh nghiep thd' gidi sQ dung phap luat de hdp tae kinh doanh, trong khi doanh nghiep Vidt Nam nang ve quan he de lam dn. Diiu nay cd thd de dang trong vide ldm an nhUng ro rdng de chdi dUdc vdi the' gidi la dieu khdng dd"(9). Ciing tai ky hpp nay, theo bao cao ciia Uy ban Thanh tra Trung Udng thi hien vdn ton tai hai chQ "san sang"
va trong thu tuc ed them quy trinh "dUa va nhan". Dd la ngUdi dan va doanh dan san sdng dUa hdi Id; cdn bg cong chQe san sang nhdn hoi Id nhU mdt quy trinh thii tuc hdnh chinh. Do vay, phai quyd't lidt thiic hien sU minh bach va quy trach nhiem, chuyen tU duy quan dan sang hdu ddn; ding thdi, ydu eau can bd edng chQc phai them nu cUdi.
Tham nhiing dudng nhU trd thdnh mdt "nhu cau pho bien" ciia nhiiu doanh nghidp va ngUdi dan khi can phai giao tiep vdi can bd cdng chQc.
Dong thdi, can bp cdng chQc khi giao tiep vdi ngUdi dan vd doanh nghidp eung coi tham nhung nhU la "mgt tat yeu". Kieu giao tiep cd dieu kien dUdc cha'p nhan tQ ca hai phia mpt each tii nguyen nhu vay chiing td tham nhiing
(8) TfuA bdo Kinh teSdi Gdn, ngay 24-2-2011.
(9) Thdi bdo Kinh ti'Sdi Gon, ngky 24-2-2011.
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NANG CAO NHAN THtJC..
da la mpt "gia tri" dUdc cdng nhdn. Ne'u dung nhu vdy, thi tham nhung dang cd nguy ed trd thanh "van hda" trong quan he eua ngudi dan va doanh nghiep vdi ed quan nhd nUdc, ma eu the la dpi ngu can bp edng chQc. Nguy cd hinh thanh
"vdn hda phong bi", "van hda tham nhung" la tac hai toi td nha't cua tham nhiing. O mpt khia canh khae, bd Pham PhUdng Thao dai biiu cua thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh - phat bieu trUdc Qude hdi khda XII rdng, hien tai ngUdi dan den vdi cd quan cdng quyen van cdn gap ba cai khd la: CQa khd vao, ngUdi khd gap, mat khd coi; (can bp cdng chUe) sd trach nhiem, vd cam...
Du luan dang dat cau hdi ve sii that thoat tien ddng thue' cua dan tai Cdng ty eho thue tai chinh II (ALCII), doanh nghiep- thdnh vidn bach toan ddc lap cua Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thon rdng, "thong dong hay he thd'ng gidm sat te liet". Theo Kiim toan Nhd nUdc, nam 2009 ALCII thua Id 3.000 ty ding va cdn cd kha ndng thua 16 tiim an vdi khoan ddu tU 4.600 ty dong. Lanh dao cdng ty nay da vi pham eac quy dinh ve quan ly vd'n Nha nude, lam tha't thoat vd'n Nha nUde qua dd dang va keo ddi (tQ cud'i ndm 2006 den khi bi kiim toan phat hien). Du luan eho rdng, hoac la he thd'ng giam sat cua doanh nghiep nay bi te liet, bi vd hieu hda, hoac da ed sU thdng dong giQa lanh dao cdng ty nay vdi nhQng ngudi chiu traeh nhidm giam sat de an chia, bd tiii. Dii the nao thi tai san Nha nude da bi thd't thoat va dao dQe cdng vu cua nhiing con ngUdi nay dang xud'ng cap tram trpng. Theo bao eao Tong ke't thiic hien ChUdng trinh tong the cat cdch hdnh chinh nhd niidc giai
dogn 2001-2010, "mpt bd phan can bd, edng chQc thieu y thQc trach nhiem va tinh than phue vu, vd cam trUde yeu cdu cua nhan dan, cua xa hdi; suy thoai pham chat, dao dUc, tham nhung, cQa quyen"; "te cQa quyen, quan lieu, tham nhiing vdn edn la va'n nan, tinh cdng khai minh bach cua nen hanh chinh edn nhieu thach thQe, mpt bp phan can bp, edng ehQe suy giam ly tudng, ldi sd'ng va vi pham dao dUe edng vu, gay bd't binh trong nhan dan".
Rd rang, de ed niim tin vQng chdc vao sit iQa chgn cua lich sQ thi chung ta khong ehl edn nang eao nhan thQc, ma edn phai chuyen tU nhan thQe sang hanh ddng each mang. Bdi, theo Ho Chi Minh, ehi ed Nha nUde thiie sU eiia ddn, do ddn t i ehQe, dan xdy dUng va kiem soat tren thUc te', thi mdi cd the la Nha nUdc vi dan dUde. Dd la Nha nUde phuc vu ldi ich va nguyen vpng ciia nhan dan, khdng cd dac quyin dac ldi, phai thiic sU trong sach, cdn kiem liem ehinh. Nha nUdc, theo tU tudng Ho Chi Minh, phai la mdt Nha nUde ed DQc, dudi sii lanh dao cua mpt "Dang la dao dQe, la van minh". Mdt Nha nUde ed DQc la mpt Nhd nUdc hUdng tdi bao ve va phue vu ldi ich ciia To qud'c, ciia nhan dan; dong thdi, trUng tri mgt each nghiem khdc nhQng hanh vi xam pham de'n quyin va ldi ich hdp phap cua dan toe, eiia nhan dan.
Nhu vdy, nhdn thQc ly tinh cho ta ed sd khoa hgc cua niem tin vao con dudng ma Dang va Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da Ilia chpn; ban chlit each mang thuc giuc ta hdnh dpng de bidn niem tin thanh hien thiic, lam cho mue tieu dan giau nUde manh, dan chu, edng bdng, van minh va hanh phuc mau tdi gdn hdn. Q
