N G H I E N C U U - T R A O D O I
MOT SO GUI PHAP NANG CAO NANG llTC THONG TIN CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC H VIET NAM
ThS Tran DiTOng Trung ISm TT-TV, TrMng Ba, hoc Ha TTnh
3 0 ^ Tom tit: Bai viet trinh bay khai niem v4 ning Idc thdng tin, phan tfch thdc trang ^^^
ning Idc thdng tin va dda ra mdt sd giii phip nang cao ning Idc thdng tin cho sinh vi n . d Vidt Nam.
TCf khoa: Nang li/c thdng tin; sinh vi§n d^i hpc; Vidt Nam.
Solutions to improve information literacy for university students in Vietnam Abstract: The paper presents the concept of information literacy analyzes the status of information literacy training and offers a number of solutions to improve information literacy for university students in Vietnam.
Keywords: Information literacy; university students; Vietnam.
D I t v ^ n de
Nang lUc thdng tin (NLTT- tieng A n h la Information Literacy) la mdt trong nhOng kien thifc v l ky nang then chdt, can thiet trong viec nghien cifu bat ky ITnh vUe n i o . D d la dieu kien tien quyet cho viec hpe tap sudt ddi va cho phep ngudi hpc tham gia mdt each c h u ddng v l cd tUdng tac vao ndi d u n g hpc tap va m d rpng viee nghien cifu, trd t h i n h ngUdi c d k h i n i n g t u dinh h u d n g , t u k i l m seat tdt hdn q u i trinh hpc eua m i n h .
Chat lupng d i o tao va nghien cifu khoa hpc cCa mdt trudng dai hpe ludn gan lien vdi chat lupng cua thdng tin m a cac ddi tUpng tham gia v a o cac q u i trinh n i y - giang v i e n , n h i nghien cifu, sinh vien - thu thap, khai t h I e va SLf d u n g . TrUde s u gia tang khdng ngifng cua c i c ngudn thdng tin etJng n h u c u a e i e phUdng tien truy cap, to chifc, lUu trO v l khai t h I c thdng tin ddi hdi mpi ngUdi phai c d kien thde v l NLTT. Do vay, nang cao NLTT I I mdt y e u td quan trpng ddi vdi sinh v i e n . Nang_cao NLTT cd the dUpc thUc hien n h d v i o nd lUc cua mdi ca nhan bang viec t u tim tdi hpc hdi. N h u n g c u n g nhu bat ky mdt hoat d p n g dao tao k h i c , viec nang cao NLTT nen va c i n dupc thuc hien mpt c i c h bai ban t h d n g q u a cac khda dao tao, huan luyen vdi chUdng trinh, npi dung h o i n chinh v l do nhOng ngudi cd trinh dp c h u y e n nghiep dam trach [ T h u vien T r u n g t l m Dai hpc Qudc gia T p . H d C h i
22| THONG TIN V A T U LIEU-4/2019
Minh, 2 0 1 1 ] .
1. K h a i n i e m n a n g ILTC t h o n g t i n Hien nay, c d nhieu d i n h nghTa khac n h a u ve NLTT. T h e o U N E S C O ( 2 0 0 5 ) : " N a n g lUc thdng tin la sU ket h p p c u a k i e n thiifc, hieu biet, e i c ky n a n g v a t h a i d p m a m o i t h a n h vidn e i n hdi tu day du t r o n g x a hpi t h d n g t i n . Mdi khi c l n h a n c d n a n g lUc thi hp se p h i t trien k h a n a n g lUa e h p n , d i n h g i i , SLf d u n g v l trinh b I y t h d n g tin m d t e i e h h i l u q u i " . D i l u nay c d nghTa la n g u d i c d N L T T p h i i sii d u n g t h d n g tin m d t each d a o d i f c . Viec truy c a p , sCf d u n g v l p h o bien t h o n g tin p h a i p h u h p p vdi p h i p luat. T h e o Hiep hdi T h U v i e n H o a Ky ALA ( 2 0 0 0 ) : " N i n g luc t f i d n g tin la k h i n a n g nhan biet nhu e l u t h d n g tin cCia b i n t h a n , c u n g n h u k h a n a n g d i n h v i , d a n h g i i v a sH d u n g hieu q u a t h d n g tin tim d u p e " .
Vien NLTT Australia v l New Zealand thi eho rang, mdt ngudi c d NLTT I I ngudi ed kha n i n g [ B u n d y A l a n . E d . , 2 0 0 4 ] : n h a n d a n g dude nhu e l u tin eua b a n t h a n ; xac djnh d u p c p h a m vi c u a t h d n g tin m a m i n h c a n ; t h a m d j n h t h d n g tin v a n g u d n c u a e h u n g mdt e l c h tieh cue v l hieu q u i ; p h a n loai, luu trQ, v ^ n d u n g v a tai tao n g u d n t h d n g tin dupe thu t h i p hay tao ra"
bien n g u d n t h d n g tin dupc lua c h o n t h a n h cd sd tri thifc; sif d u n g t h d n g tin vao v i e c hoc tap, tao tri thQc m d i , g i l l q u y l t v a n de' v l ra q u y e t djnh mdt each c d hieu qua; truy c a n v l sif d u n g c i e n g u d n t h d n g tin hop phap v a h d p
NGHIEN c a u - TRAO DOI dao difc; sCf dung thdng tin va tri thifc d l thiic
hiln cic quyen cdng d i n v l trich nhiem xa hpi; trii nghilm nang luc thdng tin nhu mpt phan cua hpc t i p ddc l i p eung nhu tu hpc suotddi.
NLTT trong tieng Viet ddi khi con dUde gpi II ky nang thdng tin, hilu biet thdng tin, kien thLfc thdng tin, tri thife thdng tin, pho bien thong tin, phi cap thdng tin,... Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi xem nang lac thdng tin mang tinh ky ning thUc hinh nhilu hdn ly luan.
NLTT 6 day bao gdm kien thCfc (ve khai thIe, SLf dyng, chia se) thdng tin + ky nang thdng tin + thii dp, d^o difc trong tidp ein, sCf dung thong tin. Qua tim hieu c i e t i i lieu lien quan, chung ta cd t h i thay rang hau het c i c t i e gia dSu cd mdt dilm chung la xem NLTT la k h i nang nhin biet nhu cau thdng tin, k h i nang djnh vj, tim kilm, dinh g i i , si^ dung thdng tin cung nhu thIi dp san sang chia s i thdng tin vdi mpi ngUdi.
2. ThiTc tr^ng dao tao nang lUc thong tin cho sinh vien d Viet Nam
6 Viet Nam tCf nhOng nam 2000 den nay, cac trudng dai hpe, c i c to chCifo cung da to chCfc cac hpi thio khoa hpc ve NLTT. Tai Ha Noi, ngay 20/2/2006, Trudng Dai hpe Khoa hpc Xa hdi v l Nhin van, Dai hpc Quoe gia Ha Ndi, phdi hdp vdi uy ban thudng true khu vUc Chau A-Chlu Dai DUdng cija Lien hiep Quoc te eic Hiep hdi v l To chifc thU viin (IFLA-RSCAO), t6 chifc hdi thio khoa hpc: "Kiln thijfc thdng tin - Information Literacy".
Cijng tai Ha Ndi, tif ngly 08-12/5/2006, TnJdng Dai hoc Ngoai ngO phdi hdp vdi Trung tam Thdng tin phit triln Viet Nam va Trung tam Tai nguyen trf thifc phit triln Oxtraylia to chifc khda; "Boi dudng nang lUc dao tao kien thilc thdng tin cho dai hpc".
TgiTp.HdChi Minh, tif ngly 13-15/4/2011, Thuvlln Trung tam DHQG-Tp. Hd Chi Minh da t l chifc hpi thio - tap huan vdi chij de:
"Ning cao ndi dung va phUdng phap thuc hi§n cac khda huan luyen ky nang thdng tin cho ddc gii".
Tai Thi/a Thien Hud, ngay 29/6/2012, Tri/ang Cao dang Sd pham ThCra Thiln Hue, Uln chi hdi Thu vien Dai hoe phia Nam (Vilasal) t l chifc hdi thao: "l<ien thifc thdng tin phucvu hpc tap v l giing day trong trudng dai fipc". Cac hdi thio ve NLTT da dUde cac tac gia iJI
I I nhQng chuyen gia, giing vien v l TT-TV trinh bay ve cic khia canh cua phit trien NLTT cho sinh vien trong eic trudng dai hpc d Vilt Nam.
Tai Viet Nam, NLTT la khli niem khdng edn mdi ddi vdi nhieu trudng dai hpc. Tuy nhien, hoat dpng dao tao NLTT ndi ehung edn manh miin, phan tan, thieu elch tiep can tong t h i mang tinh he thdng, chua dUdc long ghep chinh thifc v i o bii giang. Do vly, triln khai nghien cQu nhQng thich thQc v l tim ra giii phip giup phit tnin hoat dpng dIo tao NLTT trong bdi canh cic trUdng dai hpc tai Viet Nam dang trong q u i trinh hdi nhap qude te I I can thiet [Pham Xuin Hoan, 2016].
Trong viee dIo tao NLTT, vai trd ci.a cac cd sd dIo tao va cic cd quan TT-TV la dac biet quan trpng. Neu nhu eoi trudng hpc la ndi cung cap cho ngudi hpc cac kien thQc va ky nang lien quan den viec xac dinh nhu cau thdng tin, tham djnh v l tong hpp thdng tin, thi thu vien chinh I I nPi cung cap cac djch vu thdng tin, dao tao cho ngudi dung ky nang tim kidm thdng tin, xQ ly thdng tin, SLf dung thdng tin dung phip lult v l hpp dao dQc. Ndi elch khac, hai loai hinh cd quan tren gan bd vdi nhau mdt elch hifu cd trong viec trang bj NLTT eho mpi ngudi.
Hieu qua cua eie chUdng trinh dIo tao NLTT phu thudc v i o sU kdt hdp giQa cic cd quan TT-TV va cic ed s6 dao tao. Vile trien khai ChUdng trinh NLTTse can su phdi hpp, hpp tie eua nhieu bd phan, td chQe xa hdi. Day vda I I thach thife nhung cung vQa la thdi ed de nganh thu vien Viet Nam khang dinh dUpe vj the eua minh, chQng minh dupe vai trd quan trpng eua minh trong he thdng kinh te - xa hdi [Nghiem XuIn Huy, 2006].
Trong nhQng nam gan diy cae trUdng dai hpe d Viet Nam da bat dau quan tlm den phit trien NLTT cho sinh vien - xem dd la mdt trong nhQng ky nang mem quan trpng trang bj eho sinh vien trUde khi tdt nghiep.
Nhan thQc dupe tam quan trong eiia phit trien NLTT cac ed quan TT-TV trudng dai hpc da xiy dung, triln khai v l phat triln ciiQdng trinh NLTT den cae ddi tudng ngudi dung tin (NDT), nhU: Cic Trung tam Jipc heu Dai hpc C i n Thd, Dai hoc Da Nang, Oai hpc Hue, Dai hpc ThIi nguyen, Thu vien Dai hoc Ha Ndi, Trung tam TT-TV TrUdng Dai hpc Y te Cdng cdng, ThU vien Dai hpc Hoa Sen, Trung t l m TT-TV Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha THONG TIN VATU LIEU-4/2019 |23
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI
Ndi, Thuvien Trung t l m Dai hpe Qude gia Tp.
Hd Chi Minh, Thu vien Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, Thu vien Dai hpc Khoa hpe TU nhien - Dai hpc Qudc gia Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Trung tam TT-TV Trudng Dai hpc H I TTnh,... Cic cP quan thdng tin, cic thu vien da trien khai vdi nhQng ndi dung sau;
2.1. Noi dung dao tao nang Idc thong tin Cac thu vien chij yeu tap trung dIo tao mdt sd ndi dung cd bin nhu [Dinh Thj Thuy Quynh, 2016]:
- Gidi thilu tong quan thu viin nhU: ngudn t i l nguyin thdng tin; he thdng cic sin pham va djch vu; cd sd vat chat; ndi quy, quy djnh cua thu viin,...
- Hudng dan sif dung thu vidn: each thQc khai thIc cie san pham va d|ch vu thdng tin ed san tai thu vien nhu h§ thdng muc luc truyen thdng, muc lue dien tif (OPAC); ndi quy, quy trinh khai thIe tai Nlu tai thU vien,...
- HUdng dan tra cQu thdng tin trin internet:
gidi thieu tdng quan ve internet v l cac ngudn thdng tin tren internet; ky thuat tim kiem v l truy cap thdng tin tQ eie cdng eu tim tin tren internet (Google, Google Scholar); cae tieu ehi tham djnh ndi dung thdng tin va chat lupng ngudn tin tren internet...
- Hudng dan tra cQu thdng tin tren CP sd dQ lieu (CSDL) dien tQ: Gidi thieu eic CSDL v l pham vi thdng tin cQa CSDL; ky thuat tim kiem va truy cap thdng tin tQ cdng cu hd trp tim tin tren CSDL; cac tieu chi tham djnh ndi dung thdng tin va chat lupng ngudn tin...
- HQdng dan cie ky nang thdng tin ehuyen nganh: Gidi thieu tong quan ve eic ngudn tai nguyen thdng tin dien tQ va cac CSDL khoa hpe chuyen nganh; ky thuat tim kiem va truy cap thong tin tQ cac cdng cu hd trp tim tin trQe tuyen; hoach djnh chien iQpc va thQc hanh tim kiem thdng tin theo chuyen de (bao gdm: xac dinh nhu cau thdng tin, chpn ngudn thdng tin de khai thIc, tlm hieu cP che hoat ddng v l chQc nang cua cac ngudn thdng tin dd, trien khai viec dinh vi va truy cap thdng tin, dinh gia lai quy trinh de dieu chinh va cai tien chien lUPc tim kiem); tham djnh ndi dung thdng tin v l chat lupng nguon tin...
ThQc td, da sd cic thu vien dang dao tao NDT dudi dang hudng sii dung thu vien hdn la dao tao NLTT cho sinh vien [DUdng Thity
khoa hoc NLTT theo ham hPC cho '"^^'^
nam thCr hhat co ty le cao nhat vc* ^ .3 /.,JI^^S vi tri thL. hai la sinh vien nam_ I ] " , " ' \ ^ „ 7 J ^ Sinh Vien nam thfl nam co ty '^^^°!'^„f^
Idp NLTT thSp hhit so ^«l^'"\'Zcatlm khac (44.7%). DiSu do Pl^i^r^'^l^ S cac trudng dai hoc thi/flhg to '=•^^5;^^^/;°^
hoc giai thieu vi thu vi#h va hUong dSn sU dung thUviSn cho sinh vieh^nam tha hhatkh mdi nhap tradng. 6 thdi diem nay sinh phJl lam quen vdi cac dich vu va chinh sach cua thU vien trade khi dadc cap t h i b^n doc. Sinh vien nam cu6i thudng theo hoc cac Idp ve ky nang trfch dan, ky nang trinh bay thong tin va tham dinh ngudn tin de phuc vu cho viec viSt khoa luan, bao cao tot nghiep hoac lam do an [Tradng Dai LUdng, 2015).
2.2. Hinh thuc dao tao nang lUc Ihong tin Cong tac dao tao NLTT da dUdc thU viSn cac tradng dai hoc chu trong thudng dUdc triln khai dudi ba hinh thUc: bat budc, theo yeu cau, ket hdp ca hai phUdng thac bSt huge va theo yeu c i u [Dinh Thi Thuy Quynh, 2016], [DUdng Thuy HUdng, 2011]. Hien nay, mpt so tradng dai hpc da daa chUdng trinh dao tao NLTT vao chadng trinh chinh khda, ap dung cho sinh vi§n tat cci cac nganh hpc nha Tradng Dai hpc KHXH&NV - Bai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi vdi mon hpc "Nhap mdn nang lac thdng tin", Tradng Dai hpc Ha TTnh dua vao mpn hpc bat bupc "Ky nang khai thac thong tin". lUlpt sd tradng dai hpc long ghep ChUdng trinh NLTT, nhU: Dai hpc Ha Ndi, Dai hpc Duy Tan... Da sd cac thu vidn dai hpc dao tao NLTT dudi dang tap huan cho sinh vien theo hinh thdc bat budc va theo y§u cau.
Tuy vao dieu kien thUc te, cac tha vien dai hpc da va dang dan hoan thien chUdng trinh dao tad NLTT cho sinh vien phu hdp vdi nhu cau va yeu cau thuc te cija chuan dau ra cac chuyen nganh dao tao cua nha trudng. Cac hinh thUc dao tao NLTT tai cac thu vien kha linh hoat, tao dieu kien thuan Idi de NDT cd the tham gia mpt each tich cue nhat [Dinh Thi Thuy Quynh, 2016].
2.3. Quy mo tochdc Idp hoc
Tiiy vao thUc te cua cac trudng dai hoc cung nhu nhu cau cila sinh vien, cac thu vi§n da to ChUc cac Idp hpc theo cac hinh thUc d i e tao khac nhau.
241 THONG TIN VA Tl/ LIEU - 4/2019
NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO DOI Ddi vdi cac Idp t i p huln: Neu sinh vien
dang ky theo y l u c l u thi td ehQc Idp hpc vdi so IUdng tQ 40 - 50 sinh vien. Neu tap huan theo dang bat budc thi thudng to chQc Idng ghip vao tuan sinh hoqit cdng d i n tQ 5 0 - 1 0 0 sinh viin. Cung cd nhQng Idp tap huln vdi sd lapng khoing 20 - 30 sinh vien ddi vdi cae Idp tip huan ning cao. Dja diem tap huan NLTT cho sinh vien thudng d hpi trudng Idn, Idp hpc, phing thLfc hanh tin hpe (tuy vao tinh hinh sinh vien dang ky Idp hpc) [Dinh Thj Thuy Quynh, 2016], [DQdng Thuy Hu0ng,2dl1].
2.4. Phifdng phap giing day Cac thU vien dai hpc cung da linh ddng hdn trong phQdng phap dIo tao NLTT eho sinh vien.
Ngoai phQdng phap giing day ly thuyet truyin thdng cic khda dao tao NLTT da ket hpp giing day ly thuyet dUpe trinh chidu tren PowPomt vdi thuc hinh trin phong may tinh, tham quan thi/viin. Tuy nhiln, tinh trang giing viin lim thay, mpt ctiilu chuyen tai tcan bd kien thQc
\ii ngQdi day sang ngQdi hpc la khdng phu hdp vdi phUdng phap giio due hiln dai. Tinh trang dlchitaosQ^lai. tinh thu ddng trong hpe tap, nghien cQu, khdng ed k h i nang ddc lap, sing tao trong tQ duy v l trong hoat ddng thQc tien va do dd khdng dap Qng dQpc muc tieu phit trl^n NLTT eho sinh viin. Ky nang nghiep vu su pham eua can bp thU vien (CBTV) ndi Chung va dac bilt la can bd true tiep tham gia (Jlot^o NLTT cho sinh vien con nhieu han che vi hp khdng dupe dao t^o nghiep vu sU pham;
phifdng phap giing day cua giang vien edn lac h^u [TrUdng Dai LUdng, 2015].
2.5. Doi ngu tham gia giing day Theo sd lieu khao sat cua t i c g i i TrUdng Bai Lupng (2015) ve trinh dp chuyen mdn cua CBTV eae trudng dai 6 Viet Nam thi ein bd CO trinh dd cCf nhin chiem ty le cac nhat vdi 65%, tidp den la trinh do thac sy vdi 35%. Da sd CBTV dupe khao s i t d i u tdt nghilp nginh TT-TV vdi ty I I 83%. Ty le CBTV dUdc trang bj NLTT trong cac thQ viin dai hpc dUdc khio sat cung khdng deu nhau. Nhdm ky nang m l CBTV it dupe trang bj nhIt la ky nang quin ly thdng tin thu thap dQpc vdi ty le la 17%.
BCfng vj tr. thQ hai tQ dQdi lln la ky nang lim vi§c nhdm vdi 26% ngQdi t r i Idi rang da dQpc trang bj. Vdi thQc te nay, da sd CBTV dai hoe Syi^t Nam khd cd the trcf thinh ngQdi phit trien NLTT tdt trong khi hp khdng dQpc trang
bj nhQng kien thQc va ky nang nay [TrQPng Dai LQpng, 2015].
Cong t i c dao tao NLTT tai cac thQ vien trQdng dai hpc dQpc triln khai khi bai b i n v l bQdc dau dat dupe nhOna kdt qua tieh cue. Tuy nhien, tren tiiuc te triln khai dIo tao NLTT van edn mdt sd han che nhU: Ndi dung ChUdng trinh dao tao clnQa bao quit day du tat ea ve NLTT ma ehu yeu thien ve hudng dan sQdung thQ vien; Trinh dp dpi ngu c i n bd tham gia cdng tie dao tao NLTT edn yeu va thieu. VI hiln nay, dpi ngu tham gia dao tao NLTT chu yeu I I dUdc tuyln chpn tQ dpi ngu CBTV, it cd sU tham gia eua dpi ngu giing vien; Thieu sU phdi hdp vdi eie khoa ehuyen nganh trong vile thiet k l va triln khai chUPng trinh dao tao ky nang thdng tin [Dinh Thj ThQy Quynh, 2016]; Su quan tam cCia lanh dao cac b i n lien quan trong nha trudng chua thQc sQ quan tlm den ndi dung va chUdng trinh dao tao NLTT eho sinh vien.
3. Mpt 50 g i l l phap nham phat t r i l n nang lUc thong tin olio sinh vien d cac trUdng dai hoc
3.1. Xay difiig tieu chuan nang Idc thong tin Cie trUdng dai hpc 6 Viet Nam d l quen vdi each hudng din sQ dung thu vien, hudng dan tim kiem cie ngudn thdng tin, ehidn iUde tlm kiem thdng tin cho sinh viin. Tuy nhien, cho den nay, chung ta van ehUa ed mdt tieu chuan rieng nao danh cho NLTT. Cac tieu chuan niy cd y nghTa quan trong trong viec djnh hudng cho eie trudng ndi rieng va cho cic thQ vien dai hpc ndi chung trong viec tao dung dQpc mdt nen tang NLTT vQng chac vl ehi khi ed dQpc tieu chuan nay chung ta mdi biet minh dang d d i u va c i n lim gi de dat tdi dupe nhQng chuan dd [TrUdng Dai LQpng, 2015].
Trong ky nguyen thdng tin, mpi ngUdi can cd NLTT d l biet elch khai thac v l sQ dung hieu q u i thdng tin. Do dd, nen xly^ dung nhQng tieu chuan NLTT lam ein cQ d l dinh g i i trinh dp NLTT cua eic nhdm NDT, nhat la ddi vdi sinh vien. C i n thiet xiy dung mdt khung chuan qude gia ve NLTT dUa tren nhQng dac thu ve hinh vi thdng tin va he thdng giio due cua Viet Nam. Khung ehuin niy chinh la cd s6 d l cae cP quan giio due va dIo tao, eung nhU cae cP quan TT-TV ed t h i xay dung cho rilng minh nhQng chQdng trinh NLTT phu hdp. Hdn the, nd giup cho vile THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2019 j 25
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
triln khai NLTT tai cac trudng dai hpc 6 Vidt Nam trd n§n ddng bd va cd he thong [Nghidm Xuan Huy, 2006]. Vi vay, tren cd sd nghien cUu tieu chu^n ve NLTT cOa cac nadc tren the gidi nhU: Chuan NLTT cCia Hdi Thu vien dai hpc va nghien cdu Hoa Ky ALA (2000);
Mo hinh bJy try cot NLTT ciJa Hidp hpi Thuvidn Dai hpc, Cao dang va ThU vien Qudc gia Anh [SCQNUL, 19991; Chuan NLTT gom cac chuan NLTT cu the giup CBTV va giSng vien thift \ii ChUdng trinh gikng giay cung nhu xay dung thang danh gia trinh dp NLTT cCia sinh vien [Snelson P. va Stillwell L., 2001]; Tidu chuan NLTT cua UNESCO (2005), Tieu chuan ve NLTT trong giao due dai hpc do Thu vien Oai hpc va Thu vien nghien cUu Hoa Ky AGRL (2000). TU cac tieu chuan NLTT trdn, cac thu vidn dai hoc S Viet Nam, dac biet la Hpi ThU viin Viet Nam can xem xet va xay dung cac tieu chuan vd NLTT d l cd the ap dung cho hd thdng tha vien dai hpc d Viet Nam.
3.2. Xay dung md hinh nang lUc thong tin Til thuc trang tren, chung ta can x^ay dung mpt md hinh thong nhat de phat trien NLTT sinh vien dai hpc d Viet Nam. Chdng ta cd t h i tham khad md hinh NLTT cua Nev» Zealand va Oxtraylia: (1) Tam nhin ve NLTT phii nhat quan vdi tam nhin cCia trudng, (2) Nhan manh NLTT la cd sd de tdt nghiep va la ydu cau chinh, can cd d moi sinh vien, (3) Thiet lap cd che chinh thtfc d l giao tiep va doi thoai thdng qua cdng dong hpc thuat nham ung hp NLTT cung nhu viec hpc tap sudt ddi, (4) Hd trp quan diem ve NLTT la trach nhiem cua tat ck cac bp phan quin ly trong trudng, nha nghien cdu, CBTV va cac chuyen gia cdng nghe thdng tin [Nguyen Dang Ha, 2011].
Chung ta cung cd the tham khao md hinh NLTT ciia tac gia Truong Oai Lupng (2015), trong luan an tien sT vdi de tai phdt triln kien thdc thdng tin cho sinh vien dai hpc d Viet Nam. 6 md hinh nay, qua trinh phat trien NLTT cho sinh vien, CBTV va giang vien vUa cd tinh ddc lap, vda cd tinh phoi hpp. CBTV se dam nhiem phat trien cac ky nang thu vien cho sinh vien, trong khi dd giang vien se phat trien ky nang tu duy, giai quyet van de cho sinh vien. CBTV chia se kien thdc, ky nang thu vien cho giang vien, trong khi dd giang vien chia se kinh nghiem giang day, kien thdc chuyen nganh cho CBTV, lanh dao Bd Giao 26| THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2019
due va Oao tao, lanh d,d <rad"g f ^ S ; Unh dao phdng dao 1,0, 1^"^-l?" ^ f C B T V sinh dao thU vidn dai hpc, g'a"?Jie". ^ ° -' ^,n^
vien. Hien nay, tren the gidi " . ^ ^ a ^ m " " "2)
K±?s.'::^sSrgrh^
hoc d Viet Nam va ddn vj ddng ra chu tn se la Lidn hiep Thu vien Viet Nam.
3.3. Xay dung chitang trinh giing day nang lijc thong Un
6 New Zealand vd Oxtraylia da hinh thanh ChUdng tnnh khung ve NLTT baP^gorn cac nguyen tac, tidu chuIn va yeu to d l cac trudng can cU vao dd cd t h i phat trien chUdng trinh NLTT phu hdp vdi muc tidu ya sd mang cua tUng trudng. Thed tac gia 06 Van Hung (2006), khi triln khai npi dung NLTT, Chung ta cd t h i cd nhdng lua chpn va hudng xay dang la trch hdp NLTT vdd khung chadng trinh dao tao; Xay dung mdt npi dung NLTT ddc lap vdi ChUdng trinh dao tad. Va cung tuy thupc vao dilu kien thuc t l cua nhd trddng, tha vidn cac trudng dai hpc cd t h i ket hdp hai hda giOa hai hinh thdc, chUdng tnnh dad tao tren vdi dieu kien hien tai va phu hdp nhat la can cd sa ket hdp hdi hoa giOa hai hinh thdc tren [06 VSn Hung, 2006].
Cac chadng tnnh NLTT nen dUdc tich hdp vdd khung ChUdng trinh dac tad daa vad yeu cau cua trudng ve dau ra ddi vdi sinh vien t i t nghiep. ChUdng trinh dao tao c i n dUdo triln khai cho cdc nhdm doi tUdng cu the, tich hdp NLTT vao chUPng trinh hpc tap cho nhdm giang vien, nhdm sinh vien (td nhdm sinh vien nam thU nhat den thd tu). Xdy dung cac chUdng trinh dao tao NLTT cho sinh vien trong cdc trudng dai hpc va to chUc dao tao v l van de nay ngay td nam dau tien bade vdd dai hpc.
6 nhieu nudc phdt trien, ngudi ta xay dl,tng nhOng chUdng trinh dao tao ve NLTT cho sinh vien theo nhieu cap dp khac nhau. Oa d?ng hda hda cac hinh thUc dao tao nhu dao tao true tuyen, thudng xuyen [Cao Minh Kiem, 2006].
Gan day, nhdm tac giS Do Van Hung va cdng sa (2018), da de xuat noi dung ca b4n ChUdng tnnh NLTT danh cho sinh vidn dai hpc d Viet Nam vdi 6 module: (I) Ting quan
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI v l NLTT, (2) Nhan dang nhu cau thdng tin,
(3) Tim kiem vd khai thac thdng tin, (4) Tham dinh va danh gia thdng tin, (5) Sil dung thdng tin va phdng trdnh dao van, (6) To chUc thdng tin. Til cdc chaang trinh NLTT tren the gidi va trong nadc, chung ta cd t h i tham khko de xay (iJng che khung chadng trinh NLTT chd sinh vien dai hpc d Vidt Nam.
3.4. PhMng phap giing day Vdi giSng vien, he c i n phai nhan thdc difdc rSng mudn ndng cao chat IUdng giang day can phdi thay doi phUdng phap giang day truyen thong bang phUdng phdp gidng day mdi, ma d dd phat huy tdi da tinh chu ddng, sang tao eda sinh vien, Dong thdi, hp can pliai hieu dddc sinh vien cd NLTT se thuan idi hdn trong viec tiep can, sOf dung va sang tao tri thiJc, gdp phan ndng cao hieu qud hpc t i p cia sinh vidn. CBTV can phoi hdp vdi giaiig vi§n d l nam bat dUdc nhu cau tlndng tin ciia sinh vien, qua dd cd t h i dinh hudng vk ho trd ho trong viec thda man nhu cau thdng tin. v i phuong phap gidng day, gidng vien phai tich cue tuang tde hai chilu va djnh hudng tai lieu cho sinh vien, gidi thieu cac ngudn tai nguyen thong tin phu hdp vdi npi dung bai hpc. Oong thcJi, sau qua trinh giao bai, can phdi yeu cau sinh vien trd bai day diJ va cd sit danh gia eg thi [S5 Van Hung, 2006]. Phuang phdp giang day cung edn phdi nang cap va ddi mdi nham daa sinh vien trd thanh trung tdm cua qua trinh day va hoc. Viec day va hpc dang dUdc doi mdi thdng qua triet iy lay sinh vien lam trung tdm, qua viec hudng vao chi tieu tdt nghiep, nhOng tUdng tde nham tan dung toi da nguon thdng tin san cd va cdng nghe thdng tin • viin thdng [Nghiem Xuan Huy, 2006].
Gidng vien phdi nhan thdc duac tam quan trpng cua NLTT ddi vdi sinh vien d l td dd CO nhQng phadng phdp giang day phu hdp.
Viec vdn dung cdc hinh thUc gidng day khdc nhau ludn Id hudng tilp edn giup sinh vien cd hiiig thu, ngoai gidng day iy thuylt k i t hdp vdi thuc hanh, can van dung phuang thdc dao t^o NLTT true tuyen dUa tren cdc nIn tang E;learning. Gidng vien hudng ngudi hpc tim toi »a sang t^io de vdn hanh tdt qua trinh tit
^ao tao, tu hpc vdi su chi dan cija gidng vien Mn cac ngudn hpc lieu phu hpp.
3.5. Kiim tra, danh gia
PhUdng phap gidng day va kilm tra danh aid Id hai trpng nhilu yeu td quan trong cd anh hudng rdt idn d i n chat IUdng ddd tao.
PhUdr^g phdp gidng day va kilm tra ddnh gid true tiep tde ddng d i n nhu cdu NLTT, trinh dd NLTT cua sinh vien.
Vi vay trong qud trinh ddo tao NLTT cho sinh vien thi hinh thUc kiem tra hay ddnh gia chinh thUc nap v l thdnh qua hpc tap cua sinh vien deu cd vai trd thuc day phdt triln NLTT.
Ngoai ra, ben canh kilm tra, danh gid, chung ta can phdi tiln hdnh khdo sat mdc dd hai idng cua ngudi hpc bang cdc phieu tham dd y kiln. K i t qud dilu tra d l chung ta nhan biet dddc nhOng diem manh, nhOng dilm yeu d l cd gidi phdp cai tien chUdng trinh va ndi dung cija NLTT doi vdi sinh vien; ddnh gid v l trinh dd NLTT eda sinh vien. Viec kilm tra, danh gia can bdm sdt vac cdc tieu chuIn ma Chung ta da Ida chpn cho ndi dung vd chUdng trinh dao tao. Ngoai ra, de kilm tra vd danh gia NLTT^cua ngudi hoc, ddi hdi khong chi thay ddi ve cdch thdc to chUc kiem tra va ddnh gia mdn hpc chuyen nganh ndi chung, ma con yeu cau xdy dang bd tieu chuan va chinh sdch danh gid NLTT cua sinh vien.
Ket luan
NLTT la mdt van de cd y nghTa quan trpng trong ky nguyen thdng tin. Ddy la mdt khdi niem da dan quen thupc ddi vdi cdc tradng dai hpc d nudc ta. Trong nhdng nam gan day, khi giao duo dai hoc chuyen tU hinh thdc dao tao nien che sang hinh thdc dao tao tin chi vdi viec lay ngudi hdc Idm trung tam, chung ta van nhan thay san pham dau ra cua cdc cd sd ddo tao phdn nhieu la thieu khd nang thich Ung vdi mdi trudng Idm viec mdi, hien tupng tdi dao tao dien ra kha phd biln tai cdc cd quan tuyln dyng. Cd t h i thay rang, nhdng ngudi mdi tdt nghiep thudng rat han c h i trong kha nang tiep can ngudn thdng tin, tri thdc mdi, khdng chu dpng trong viec ta nghien cUu d l ddo sdu va md rong kien thUc chuyen mdn vk cac ky nang mem can thiet. Do vay, hoat ddng TT-TV trong cdc trudng dai hpc, ben canh viec xay dung cho minh nhQng ke hoach hoat ddng, loai hinh dich vy dap Ung nhu cau thdng tin phuc vy gidng day nghien cUu khoa hpc vd hpc tap cua cdc ddi tUpng ngudi dung;
cung can gdp phan trang bj chd hp nhUng ky nang vd kiln thUc d l lam chu t h i gidi thdng tin trong thdi dai Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
Dd chfnh la sU tdng hpp nhdng ky ndng nhan dang nhu cdu thong tin cua bdn thdn, djnh vj ngudn thdng tin phu hdp vdi nhu cau, td chUc
THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2019 |27
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO 0 0 I &
n g u d n thdng tin tim dUde mdt c i c h hdp ly, t h ^ m djnh ngudn thdng tin da dUde iQa ehpn, sQ d u n g thdng tin dd mdt each hidu q u a v l hdp p h a p , c o n dUdc goi 11 NLTT. NLTT dUdc x e m I I chia khda q u a n trpng m d ra nhQng cd hdi tri thQc v l nghe n g h i l p cho mdi ea n h i n , gdp p h i n thuc day s u p h i t trien khoa hpc, c d n g nghe v l g i i o due cua d I t nUdc [Nghiem X u a n Huy, 2010].
Ci V i l t N a m , da cd nhQng hoat ddng d i u t u p h i t trien NLTT nhu dU an NLTT t r o n ^ cae t h u v i | n dai hpe do U N E S C O tai trd. D e day m a n h hdn nQa cdng t i e n i n g cao NLTT, can p h i i tidn hanh day manh hoat dong nang cao nhan thQc v d NLTT trong xa hdi, x§y dung nhQng t i l u chuan ve NLTT de phuc vu cho phat trien ngudn n h i n luc, xay dQng v l day m?inh c i e chQdng trinh d I o tao ve NLTT, da dang hda c i c hinh thQc dao tao ve NLTT, tang eUdng dao tao NLTT thdng qua hinh thQc trQe t u y e n , thudng x u y i n , d i y manh dao tao, n i n g cao trinh do NLTT cua can bd TT-TV ehuyen nghiep, dSc biet la huan luyen ky nang d I o tao de hp trd t h i n h nhQng ngQdi d I o tao NLTT c h u y i n nghiep [Cao Minh K i l m , 2 0 0 6 ] .
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