'Nghien cdu • Trao ddi
THONG TIN VA VAI TRO CUA THONG TIN
DOI ven sir PHAT TRIEN KENH TE d VIET NAM HIEN NAY
ThS. PHAM H O N G TUAN <*>
Tom tat: Thong tin la tap hap cdc du lieu ldm tdng su hieu biet cua con nguai ve mot vdn de nao do, duac hinh thdnh trong qud trinh giao tiep. Vai vai tro Id mgt loai hdng hoa, thong tin da thuc day hinh thdnh mot bo phdn mai trong nin kinh te quoc ddn, do Id khu vuc dich v^ thong tin da dang, dong gop ti trgng ddng ki trong nen kinh te quoc ddn. Khoi lugng, chat lugng cua cdc sdn pham vd dich vu thong tin da tra thdnh tieu chi ddnh gid trinh do phdt trien kinh ti cua mdi nuac. Bai viit nghien cuuvi thong tin vd vai tro cda thdng tin doi vai stt phdt tnen kinh ti a Viet Nam, dong thai, di xuitnhirng gidi phdp nham phdt huy vai tro cua thong tin trong phdt trien kinh te.
Tir khoa: thong tin: vai tro aia thong tin; phdt trien kinh te
I
Khai niem thdng tin nguai. Thong tin duoc hinh thanh trong qua Thong tm la pham tni co noi ham trinh giao tiSp. Mpt nguoi co the nhan thong tm• vo cimg phong phii, tiiy theo goc do hvc ti6p tir ngudi khac thong qua cac phuong ti6p can khac nhau, cac nha khoa hpc da neu ra tien thong tin dai chung, tii ngan hang dii heu each hi6u khac nhau vk khai niem nay nhu sau: hoac tu tat ca cac hien hipng quan sat dupc
Thit nhat theo each hiiu thong thuimg, trong moi ttuong xung quanh.
thong tin la t4t ca cac su viec, su kien, y Mong, Thi, hai, tit goc do ngon ngir, cac nha ngon phin doan lam tang them su hi6u biet cua con ngO hpc cho rang, thong tin la tm tiic, tn thuc, kiSn thuc... cua nhan loai. Theo Tit dien ngon nga Anh - Viet, thong tin chinh "la su cung cdp tin hic, su thong tin, tin hic, tai heu, kien '•'Tnicmg Dai hipc Kinh ta - Luat, Dai hoc qu6c gia thiic"*'*. Tit dien Anh - Anh - Viet dinh nghTa:
ThiinhplidHoChiMmh
- Nghien cdu-Traoddi_
"thdng tin la nhimg vide dupc ke lai, nghe dugc hoae phdt hidn ra (vl ai/ cai gi); thdng tin, kidn thiic ve didu gi"'^*. Trong Tie diin tieng Anh Oxford, thdng tin la dilu ngudi ta ddnh gia hoac ndi den; la tri thiic, tin tiic. Dac bidt, Tir diin bdch khoa Viet Nam da li giai rd ban: "Thdng tin la mdt khdi niem co bdn cua kboa bpc Men dai, kbdi qudt vd cac dieu hidu bidt, tri thiic thu dupc qua nghidn eiiu, khao sdt hoac frao ddi giiia cdc ddi tugng vdi nhau. Mdt thudc tinh ea ban cua thdng tin ddi lap vdi tinh bat dinb, ngdu nhidn vd hdn loan"'^'. Nhu vay, xet vd ngdn ngu, cd thd Mdu thdng tin d hai khia canh; mgt Id, nd ehi mgt banh ddng rdt cu tbl la tao ra mdt hmh dang; hai Id, tiiy theo tinh hudng, ed nghia Id sy tmydn dat mgt y tudng, mdt khdi nidm hay mgt bidu tugng.
Thie ba, theo gdc do ciia cdc nganh, linh vyc eu the frong xa bgi, thdng tin la kbdi niem rat phd bien, cd vai frd quan frgng lien quan den tat ca boat ddng ciia con ngudi: kinb te, ehinh tri, ngMen ciru khoa hpc, triet bpc, nghe thuat, giao dye... Theo quan diem triet hpc, thdng tin la nbiing tin tiic, tap hgp nhting tai hdu, nhimg su Mdu biet ndo dd, thdng tin Id cdi da dgng dugc phdn dnh. Khdi mem nay phdn dnh 2 mat: mdt mat, thdng tin la hien tupng vdn cd cua vdt chdt, la thudc tinh khdch quan cua the gidi vat chat. Ndi dung cua thdng tin chinh la nhiing thugc tinh, tmh chdt vdn cd eua sy vdt duge bdc Id ra, the Men thdng qua tdc ddng qua lai ciia su vat ay vdi cde sy vdt khac. Thdng tin xuat Men d nai cd tinh da dang va khdng ddng nhat, tuy nMen edi da dang cua sy vdt chi frd thanh thdng tin kM nd dugc phdn dnh lai. Mat khde, thdng tin ludn gan vdi qua trinh phdn anh. Pban dnh la nang lye ciia he thdng vat chdt tdi Men d frong nd nbiing dac didm, thudc tinh eua he thdng vdt chat khac khi nd chiu tac dpng eiia he thdng vdt chat dy. Nhting dau an de Iai chinh Id thdng tin ciia he thdng vat chat nay ddi vdi be thdng vat chat khde.
Nhu vay, thdng tin vira la cai da dang vdn cd ctia vat chat, vira mang ddu an eua chu the phdn anh nd, tiic la frong thdng tin vira ed cdi khdch quan, vira cd dau dn chu quan. Cho nen, frong thdi
dai thong tin Men nay, dd lam chii dupc tiidng tin, luu tiTi, khai fliac vd su dung Meu qua tiidng tin, phdi chii y ddy dii ca tinh khach quan va chu quan frong ndi dung va Mnh tinic thdng tin.
Theo quan dilm Thdng tin hgc, tiidng tin Id tap hpp cdc dti lipu lam tang su bidu bidt cua eon ngudi ve mgt vdn dd ndo dd dupe hinh thanh frong qud frinh giao tilp- Nhiing tri tbiic ma eon ngudi nghidn curu dugc bay thu nhan duge qua mdt ngucri khde, nhiing tm tiic ve mdt hidn tugng, mdt su vipe nao do, nhting sd lieu, nhirng dii kidn dupc eung cap va sir dyng.
G.E.Nicols da nhdn dmh: Thdng tin la tdp hop cae dti lieu dugc trinh bay theo mgt cdch thire cu thd va tai mdt thdi didm thich hop, nham cdi thidn kidn thuc cua ngudi nhdn de tang cudng khd nang ciia hp frong vide dam nhan mpt cdng vide cu the hoac de ra mdt quyet dinb cu the.
Giao su John Ward d trudng Qudn li Cranfield da Ii giai them: Thdng tin la cai ma con ngudi can dd hp ed the sii dyng kinh nghidm vd cac ki nang lam thay ddi kidn thiic,
2. Ve vai trd cua thong tin do! vdi phat trien kinh te
Thdng tm cd vai frd rat quan frpng frong tdt ca mpi boat dpng cua ddi sdng xa hdi, theo C.Nmooers - nha thdng tm hpe, da nhan dinh;
thdng tin ehi cd gia tri khi bdn than nd ed gia tii va duge su dung, dae biet frong ITnh vuc kmh tl thi thdng tin chinh la "ban k l hoach", la ngudn luc, la chidn lupc eho vide phat tiiln kinh td.
Trong dd:
Thu nhdt, thdng tin dugc coi Id edng eu hd tra cho viec len ki hoach, hay chiin luge phdt trien kinh ti
Cd the thay, phat friln dat nudc la mdt qua frinh, ma qua do mdi qude gia pbai lua ebon each dl de thyc Men van menh ciia minh nen cac dich vy thdng tm pbai nhdm muc dich giiip cac nudc dang phat tnen thodt khdi tinli frang phu thugc, ddi ngheo va bao ddm sy phat friln bin vung. Song, can phan tich cdn than vai frd hd trp eua thdng tm frong viec lap kl hoaeh Trong thue td, do khdng du thdng tin, nen ede uu tidn phat frien qude gia thudng dugc xae dinh thilu
So 7/201J)
• Nghien cdu - Trao ddi
can cu kboa bgc, thuc tidn va hinh thanh tbeo dpng CO khac hoae theo y ehi ehii quan. Moi nudc nen cd nhung ea sd ngudn lyc thdng tin quoc gia, dac biet la ngudn lyc thdng tin ndi sinh de cd cde phuang tien frg giiip khoa hpe phuc vu va lam can cii cho viec xae dinh cac chinh sach phat frien qude gia.
Thie hai, thdng tin la ngudn luc phdt trien kinh te
Cdc nhd khoa bpc nhdn dinh vat chat, nang lupng, thdng tin vd bdn sac van hda dan tpc la cac nhdn td quydt dinb sy tdn tai va phdt trien cua mdi qude gia. Dac biet frong cudc each mang khoa hpc va cdng nghe dang dien ra vdi quy mo ldn hidn nay, khoa hpe va cdng nghd frd thanh lye lugng sdn xudt true tiep cua xa hpi thi thdng tin khoa hpc va cdng nghd thue su frd thdnh ngudn lyc quan trpng tao nen uu the kinb td va chinh tii eua mdi nudc. Neu nhu tidm lye khoa bpc - kT thuat Id dieu kidn de ndng cao nang suat, hidu qua cua ndn san xuat xa hdi thi thdng tin khoa hpc vd cdng nghd dugc eoi Id ydu td cyc ki quan frpng cua tiem luc khoa hgc - kT thuat. Ndu nhu tmdc day ndn kinh td ehu ydu dua vdo tai nguydn thien nhien, lay viec khai thdc va ehd bidn tdi nguydn thidn nhien la ngudn tao ra ciia cdi va sy giau ed cho xa hdi, thi tir nhiing nam cudi ciia the ki XX, thdng tin dupc xem la ngudn tai nguydn kmh te, gidng nhu cae tai nguyen khac nhu vat chat, lao dpng, hen, vdn,.. Bdi vide sd hiiu, sii dyng va khai thdc thdng tin cd the dem Iai hieu qua kuih te eao.
Ngay nay, cae hoat ddng lidn quan ddn xii li thong tin frong cdng nghiep chl tao, ciing nhu trong gidi quydt cdc van de xa hpi va con ngudi tang ldn ddng kd. Khde vdi cdc nguon tdi nguydn khac, tai nguyen thdng tin ed the phdt trien md rOng khdng ngimg va ehi bi ban chl bdi thdi gian, kha nang nhdn thiic cua eon ngudi. Khd nang md rdng nay thd Men d eac thudc tinh sau:
(1) thdng tin lan tmydn mdt each ty nhien; (2) khi su dung thdng tm khdng bao gid bi can di ma frdi lai frd ndn pbong phii do dugc tai tao va bo sung thdm cdc ngudn thdng tin mdi; (3)
thdng tin ed thd chia se, nhung khdng mdt di frong giao dich. Vdi kha nang thay thi cae ngudn tdi nguyen khae bdi kha nang tmydn vdi tdc dp cao va dem lai uu thi cho ngudi nam giii nd, thdng tin da thyc sy frd thdnh ca sd cho nhidu boat ddng xa hgi, nhu nghien ciiu, gido due, xudt ban, tidp thi va ca frong hoat ddng cMnh tri. Mdi quan tam ciia xa hdi ddi vdi viec sir dyng cd Men qud ede ngudn tai nguydn thdng tin da md rdng tir ITnh vye tmydn thdng, nhu thu vidn, luu trii sang eae td chiic, ea quan, cdc nganh. Bat ke noi ndo, con ngudi cung quan tam ddn vide quan li va kbai thdc cdc ngudn tdi nguydn thdng tin,
Thu ba, thdng tin ed vai trd cung edp nhu cdu thi trudng cho nin kinh te
Thdng tin xdc djnh vd nhu cau dang thay ddi eiia khaeh hang ede khuynh hudng thi trudng dang tidn hda, cdc vat lieu san xuat mdi dang xuat bien, cac tMdt bi mdi vdi khd nang kT thuat cao hon, cac cdng nghe radi dang dugc ap dung.., Chinh qud trinh lien he nhidu thdng tin vdi nhau dii d xa hdi nguyen so nhdt, da dan dua ddn kidn thiic ve nhtrng nguyen li thdng dung frong san xuat giiip eon ngudi ddi mdi, hodn thien cdc quy trinh va phuang phap bien hdnh, Dd ehinh la yeu td quan trpng ciia su phat tridn, gdp phdn nang cao siie san xuat vd tao nen sy gidu ed ciia xa hgi. Tir giira the ki XX, nen san xuat cdng nghidp va kinh td hang hda phdt trien manh me, nhu edu thdng tin va xir li thdng tin mdi ndy sinh nhanh chdng va ddi hdi dugc ddp ung kip thdi, do dd vai trd ciia thdng tm frong kinh t l ngay cdng quan frgng.
Trong didu kien cua cudc each mang kboa hpc vd edng nghd bidn nay, khoa bpc, kT thuat va sdn xudt la cdc bd phdn ed quan he khang khit vdl nhau, tao thanh chu tiinh "Khoa hgc- kT thuat-Sdn xudt" Trong dd, mdi bd pban vira Id tien dl, vira la bd phdn tbiic ddy bd phan kia phdt tridn. Thue chdt eua mdi quan be hiiu co ndy la frao ddi thdng tin. Phan dnh sy van ddng eiia thdng tin tii khoa bpc den san xudt va ngugc lai. Qud trinh cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda, cdc nude tien tiln se tap trung vao phdt trien
66 • Ngliien cdu .. Trao doi manh dich vu, xuat khdu dieh vy, frong dd quan
frpng nhdt la ngdnh cung ting thdng tm. Dieu ndy khdng cd nghia Id hg se san xuat hang hoa it di, ma la sdn xuat ngay cang nhidu, nhung vdi gid cang rd, khiln cho ti frgng ddng gdp ciia bdng hda vao GDP ngay cdng nbd.
3. Phat huy vai trd cua thong tin doi voi sy phat trien kinh te Viet Nam
Mdt Id, cdn cd chinh sdch ddo tgo eon ngudi du khd ndng ddp ung dugc yeu cdu thue tien cua thdi dgi cdng nghe 4.0, thdi dai cua thi gidi phdng
Bdi, vide tim kiem thdng tin bidn nay khdng edn la van de ldn frong thai dai khoa hgc va cdng nghd, nhung viec lua chpn nhtrng thdng tin cd gia tri, dd sir dung cd hidu qua nhiing thdng tin ay frong nen kinh te mdi la vdn dd cdt Idi. Chiing ta cdn thu hiit va khai thdc nang lye sdng tao eua dpi ngu doanh nhan, Viet kieu, frdnh tinh frang "chay mdu chdt xam". Cd nhu vdy mdi thu hut duge cae nha khoa hpc ddn sdng, lam vide va frd thanh luc lugng lao ddng quy gia, dae bidt frong eac nganh edng nghd cao. Kha nang sang tao ludn la tidm nang vd tan ciia mdi eon ngudi, cang khai thae va sii dung nd eang phat trien. Hidn nay, chinh sdch phdt tridn eua quoc gia phai frpng dung duge ngudn tidm nang nay thi ndn kinh td - xa hdi mdi nhanh chdng phat trien.
Hai Id, cdcache, chinh sdch de phdt huy vai trd cua thdng tin trong phdt trien kinh te
Thue tien phat trien frong nhirng nam qua da chiing td vide ap dung nhiing tidn bd khoa hpc, ddi mdi cdng nghe, tidp thu edng nghe tien tien Id mgt yeu td rat quan frpng ldm thay ddi bp mat cua ddt nudc va cudc sdng eiia nhan ddn. Dd dat dupc tde do tang trudng lidn tuc, ngoai yen td chuyen ddi ca che, md cira, chii ddng, hdi nhap vdi thi tmdng khu vuc va thd gidi, thi ydu td tang tmdng ciia Iuc lugng san xudt qua vdn, lao ddng, cdng nghd va thdng tin la rat quan frpng.
Do vdy, dd khoa hpe va edng nghd thue su la ndn tdng va dpng lyc cua cdng nghidp hda, bien dai hda phdi gan boat dgng nghidn ciiu khoa hpe vd cdng nghd vdi qua trinh cdng nghidp hda, hidn
dai hda, tang dau tii cho boat ddng khoa hoc vd cdng nghd diing vdi nghia "'qude sdch hdng ddu". Ddng thai, phai tim ra dgng lyc cho su phdt triln eua khoa hpe va cdng nghd; dpng lyc nay nam d Ipi ich eua nhiing ngudi nghien cuu, phdt mmh vd img dyng ed hidu qua khoa hge va cdng nghd. Nhu vdy, vdn de quan frpng dat ra Id chinh sach khoa bpc va edng nghe khdng cM gidi ban d vide xu li cac van dd cdng nghd vd kT thuat frong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda ma cdn phai khai thac cd bidu qud cac tidn bd khoa hpc vd cdng nghd, dac biet la phdi quan tdm xdy dyng vd phdt buy tdt lyc lupng nghien eiiu, img dyng khoa hpe vd cdng nghe.
Ba Id, ddu tu ca sd vdt chdt cho viec tiep nhdn. xu li thdng tin phuc vu phdt triin kinh te
Trong didu kidn hien nay, viec xdy dyng he thdng ha tdng khoa bpc vd edng nghd ddng bd, bidn dai la didu kidn nen tang de cd mpt ndn khoa hpc va cdng nghd tidn tien, dap iing ydu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude. Day la ddi hdi cap thidt frong qua frinh phat trien ddt nudc vd bdi nhap qude te. Tap tmng eac ngudn lye phdt tiidn he thong kit cdu ha tdng ddng bd, frong do ha tang khoa hgc va cdng nghe la mgt frong 3 giai phdp dot phd cua Cbiln luge phdt tridn kinh tl - xa hdi.
Cdc dinh hudng eua Ddng ehi di vao thue tidn cudc sdng khi toan xa hgi cd nhan thiic chung dting ddn, cd su phdi hgp ehat ehe giiia cac sd, ban, ngdnh trong vide ban hdnh eac ca chl, chinh sdeh ddu tu va khuyin khich ddu tu bidu qua, cd su tham gia cbii ddng, ticb cue ciia dja phuang va su quan tam cita mpi thanh phdn kinh td. Dd la nhimg dilu kien cdn thilt dl phdt tridn he thdng ha tdng kboa hpc va cdng nghd Men dai, tang cudng tiim lyc khoa hoc va cdng nghe qude gia, khang djnh vai trd dong lue tiien chdt cua khoa hpc vd edng nghd trong su nghidp phdt frien kiMi te - xa hpi. Ciing vdi viec phdt tiien ha^ tang eiing, can quan tdm phat tndn ha tang mem, ddy nhanh tien trinh cai each banh chmh, cdi tbien mdi tmdng kmh doanh xay dyng ca ehd chinh sach phu hpp, thu hut ddu frr de day nhanh qua frinh phdt tridn kinh t l
So 7/20iJ
• Nghien cdu - Trao ddi
Trong ndn kinh td thdng tm, yeu to quan frpng nhdt la hi thue. Trpng tam cua quan li kinh t l chuyin sang quan li tri thuc nhdm khoi day cdc nang luc sang tao, tao ra cdc tri thuc mdi, nhdn len von tri thue va sir dung ed hieu qud tri thiie, biin nd thanh gid tii. Trong quan be sdn xudt thi quan he sd huu la quan frpng nhdt, ehi phoi, quydt dinh cdc mdi quan he khac, Trong kinh te thdng tin, hi tinic la ngudn lyc quan frpng nhdt.
Vi vdy, sd hiiu tri thiic - sd hihi tri tue phdi dugc dat Idn hang ddu. He thdng quan li can dugc thay ddi theo xu budng frdn mdi tao didu kidn cho sy phat trien. Can nghien eiiu thue hidn cdc mo hinh qudn li kinh te, giao due - dao tao, van hda - xa hdi, qudn li do thi (dan eu, frdt ty xay
dyng, giao thdng, mdi tiudng) tiieo edng nghd, phucmg phap tien tiln. Men dai; tap tmng xdy dyng chinb quyen didn tii, iing dung cdng nghd thdng tin mgt each manh me va rdng rai vao eac boat ddng quan li hdnh ehinh, tao lap mdi tiiidng ddng bd dd phdt tiidn kinh tl, •
i^'Phan Nggc, Phan Thilu, Bin Phung, Tie diin ngon ngu Anh - Viet, Nha xuit ban Thi gioi, 2009, fr 198 ai Nguyen Sanh Phuc, Tir diin ngon ngU Anh - Anh - Viet, Nha xuit ban Van hoa Thong tin, fr.205 '^' Hoi dong quoc gia chi dao bien soan tir dien bach Khoa Viet Nam, Tie diin bdch Khoa Viet Nam, tap 4, Nha xuat ban Tir dian bach khoa, 2005, tr201
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE...
(tiip theo trang 61)
Cac ngdn hang can ed cdc chuang trinh khuyen khich, cae chinb sach uu dai khi sir dung cac phuong thiic thanh todn true tuyen.
Trong phdt tridn he thdng thanh toan true tuyen, vide hpp tac, bgc tap kinh ngMem ciia cdc nudc frong khu vyc va qude td ciing la didu bdt sire can tiiidt.
- Ndng cao hieu qud bdo mat internet Moi trudng intemet la mdi frudng toan cau, vi vay, mudn nang cao Mdu qud bdo mat intemet can phdi hpp nMeu bidn phap vdi su tham gia eua cac ben. Trong dd, quan frpng nhdt la su tham gia quan li eiia cdc ca quan chiic nang, su ddng thudn giiia cdc qude gia va edng ddng quoc tl vd nhting nguydn tae, quy tac va chuan myc chung ve bdo mat intemet Ngodi ra, day manh xay dung, dao tao lye lupng nhan sy cd chuydn mdn sau vd cong tac bdo mat mtemet eung la ydu td khdng thd tMdu trong tiiiic ddy phat tridn kinh td cMa sd tai viing Kinh tl frgng dilm phia Nam, P
"I Tir dien Oxford
'^' Thien Vuong, viing Kinh te trong diem phia nam tilp tuc la ddu tau trong phat trien ben vung kinh tl dat nuoc <http //wwwnhandan.com.vn/kinhte/
item/40091302-vung-kinh-te-trong-diem-phia-nam- tiep-tuc-la-dau-tau-trong-phat-tri en-ben-vung-kinh- te-dat-nuoc.html> tmy cap 22h20, ngay 11/6/2019 '^'https;//theinclusiveintemet.eiu,com/expiore/coun- tnes/VN/ tmy cap 16h45 ngay 10 thang 6 nam 20 i 9 '•*'https://wwv/.internetvi'orldstats.com/asia.htm#vn tmy cap 16h55 ngay 10/6/2019
'=' Chanh Tmng, 2019, Thil nghiem mang 5G tai thanh phi H6 Chi Minh ti-ong thang 1/2019 <https//nld.
com.vn/cong-nghe/thu-nghiem-mang-Sg-tai-tp-hcm- frong-thang-l-2019-20190]14190257186.htm> tmy cap 17hlO, ngay 10/6/2019
'*''http: //ngs.com. vn/tin-tuc/tinh-hinh-an-ninh-mang- viet-nam-hien-tai-5624.html fruy cap 23h, ngay 10/6/2019
'^' Bao cao An ninh website cua CyStack '*lT6ng cue Thing kg Viet Nam
