Nang cao nang lac cqnh tranh cum nganh du lich tinh Kon Tunn
PHAN THI THANH TRUC
Ua tren md hinh kim cUdng cua Michael Porter, bdi vidt khdo sdt 25 doanh nghiip, 171 khach du lich, ddnh gid nhiing mat tich cUc, hgn chdvd nguyin nhdn vi ndng lUe cgnh tranh cua cum ngdnh du lich tinh Kon Tum.
Tfl khoa: ndng lUc cgnh tranh, cum ngdnh, ngdnh du lich, md hinh kim cUOng, Kon Tum.
1. Cd sd ly thuylt
"Cum nganh la sfl tap trung vl mat dia ly eua cac doanh ngMep, eae nha eung flng va cdc doanh ngMep cd lidn kdt cung nhfl cua edc cdng ty trong cae ngdnh cd lidn quan va edc thi chd' h§ trd (vf dii nhfl cdc trfldng dai hpe, cue tidu chuin, Mep hpi thUdng mai...) trong mdt s l linh vflc ddc thu, vfla eanh tranh vfla hdp tde vdi nhau" (Porter, 2008).
Cum ngdnh la mpt trong nhihig phfldng thflc tfl duy mdi vl edeh thflc phra hdp, xay dung vd ndng cao nang lUe canh tranh (NLCIO cua nen kinh t l dia phUdng bang each tao ra ldi thi nhU thflc diy ndng sud't, Meu qua, doi mdi, thflc diy thfldng mai hda va khuyin kMch cho ra ddi doanh ngMdp mdi.
Vdi nhiJng ldi t h i canh tranh ma cum nganh tao ra, de ddnh gia dfldc NLCT cua mdt cum ngdnh cung nhfl eua dia phfldng, Porter da dl xudt mo Mnh kim efldng glm bin nhdn tisau:
HINH 1: Mo hinh kim cfldng cua Michael Porter
Ngudn: Porter Michael E. (2008).
Md Mnh kim cUdng bao glm bin nhan tl:
(1) dilu kidn vl nhdn t l san xudt: bao gom lao dpng cd k^ nang, nguon Ifle, edng nghe vd cd sd ha ting (day la nhan to hflu Mnh va cd the di chuyin tfl dia phfldng nay sang dia phUdng khac); (2) dilu kien elu: elu trong nfldc vd nudc ngoai vdi san phim (nhan to ndy dl cdp din sfl tinh vi, mflc dd khat khe cua nhu clu khach hang ddi vdi ngdnh); (3) edc nganh edng ngMdp ho trd va cd hen quan: nha eung ling, phan phra va hi trd trong cum ngdnh; (4) boi canh cMen Ifldc va canh tranh cua doanh nghidp: dilu kidn anh hudng tdi tao Idp, to chflc va quan 1;^ doanh ngMdp.
Cum nganh thi Mdn mra tfldng tae giiJa 4 mat cua vien kim cfldng, phan dnh tdc dpng lien ket, tae dpng lan toa gifla cac doanh nghiep vato chflc cd lien quan trong canh tranh.
Cum nganh dem din each tilp edn mdi vl nang lflc canh tranh dia phfldng, each tfl duy mdi ve tdng trudng kinh t l vd phat trien, do vdy, bai vilt sd sii dung cd sd 1^ thuylt ehu yd'u Id md Mnh kim cUdng.
2. Phfldng phap nghidn cflu NgMen cflu sfl dung ca hai phUdng phap dinh tfnh va dinh lUdng. PhUdng phdp dinh tfnh bao glm phdng vd'n, thao ludn tay doi vdi can bp chu chdt cua Sd Van hda, thi thao va du lieh tinh Kon Tum, chfl doanh ngMep kinh doanh IQ hdnh trdn dia bdn tinh Kon Tum nhSm xae dinh nhflng thudn ldi eung nhU khd khan, dong thdi thu thap nguydn vpng.
Rian Thi Thanh Tnic, TTiS., Dai hpc Dd tiSng.
66 Nghiin cdu Kinh tisd3(466) - Thing 3/2017
Nang cao ndng IUc canh tranh ...
y kien de tong hdp vd phan tfch chuydn sau.
Ddi vdi phUdng phdp djnh lUdng, bai vidt tien hdnh khao sat 25 cd sd lflu trfl, doanh ngMdp Idnh doanh Ifl h d n h trong tong so' 121 to chflc nhdm danh gia nhflng diem manh, diem ylu cua cac doanh ngMdp nay trong nganh.
Bang cau hdi dUde xay dflng dfla trdn nen tang ly ludn eua Nguyin Quang Vinh (2011) ve
"phUdng phap xac dinh k h a nang canh t r a n h cua eae doanh ngMep 13 hanh".
Ngodi ra, dd danh gia d i l u kidn e l u trong md hinh kim cUdng, ngMdn ciiu khao sat 171 khdeh du lich. Bp tieu cM sxt dung de danh gia chdt ludng dich vu du lieh tinh Kon Tum dupe xdy dung dfla vao vide thao ludn vdi ehuyen gia v l Enh vUc du hch, dich vu tai Kon Tum. Vide khao sdt dUdc t i l n h a n h b ^ g bang eau hdi, tMdt ke trdn Google Does vd dUde ehuyen email, faeebook d i n ban be, ngUdi thdn tiing di du lieh Kon Tum.
3. K i t q u a v a t h a o l u a n
3.1. Cdc nhdn tdddu vdo cua ngdnh du lich tinh Kon Tum
ThU nhdt, nguon tdi nguyin du lich Vi tri (ha ly: Kon Tum thupe cflc Bdc Tay Nguyen, vdi didn tfch 9.690,5 km^ pM'a tay giap Lao va CdmpucMa vdi 280,7 km dfldng bidn gidi, pMa Bdc giap tinh Q u a i ^ Nam (172 km), phfa ddng giap tinh Quang Ngai 74 km, pMa Nam gidp Gia Lai (203 km), each Da N l n g 300 km. Cd vi tri cMin Iflde quan trpng v l mdt chuih tri, nhflng Kon Tum Iai khdng thuan ldi trong giao thfldng vdi tinh khac do khoang each dja 1^ ldn. Dilu nay la mpt trong nhiing trd ngai trong vide thfle Men cMen Ifldc lien k i t vung.
Nguon tdi nguydn tMdn nMdn: Kon Tum cd dia Mnh da dang da tao ndn nguon tai nguydn du lieh tfl nMen khd phong phu va hdp d i n nhfl du lich tham quan, vui ebdi giai tri, ngM dudng, du lich sinh thai... n h u rflng thdng Mdng Den (huydn Kon PLong), vudn qu6c gia Chu Mom Ray (huydn Sa Thiy), rflng dde dung Ddk Uy (huydn Ddk Hd), khu bao ton thien nMen Ngpc I i n h (huyen Dak Glei).
NguIn tdi nguydn du lich nhan van: vdi 22 dan tdc eimg chimg sdng, trong dd dan tde tMeu
so' eMd'm trdn 53% dan sS' cua tinh, moi mpt ddn tdc lai ed nhiing ddc diem, boat ddng kinh te - vat chdt, phong tue ngM l l , sinh hoat tinh t h i n , tdn gido tui ngUdng ridng, tao nen ede gia tri vdn hda vfla da dang, phong phfl, vfla mang ndt van hda dae sdc cua viflig Tdy Nguyen.
Kon Tum cd nMeu di tfch lich sfl cdch mang n h u Nguc Kon Tum, Nguc Dak Glei, ekdea t h i n g Dak Td - Tan Canh, nga ba Ddng DUdng va dudng mdn Ho CM Minh; edc di tfch kieh trfle v a n bda, nghe t h u a t da dang nhfl n h a i^d go, ehua Bac Ai, Tda gidm muc Kon Tiun; cac ldng t r u y i n thong nhfl n g h i det may tho cam d ngpc Hii, Dak Hd, n g h i dan lat may txe dan d thdnh p h i Kon Tum, huyen Kon Plong, nghe lam rfldu cin, n g h i rdn, mdc ddn dung, d l g l cao cap tap trung d Dak Ha, Ddk Td. Dae biet, Kon Tum cd n M l u Id hdi t r u y i n t h i n g mang ddm ddc trflng van hda, phan anh ddi sdng tam h n h cua cac dan toe khae n h a u cdng them van hda cong cMeng Tay Nguydn.
ThU hai, ngudn nhdn lUc
Nam 2015, s l lUdng lao ddng chfnh thflc trong nganh la 1.532 ngUdi, vd ed sfl tdng trudng binh quan tfl ndm 2012 dat 4,2%. Kon Tum Men cd 23 hudng dan vien du Hch trong dd ed 20 hudng ddn vidn du lich npi dia vd 3 hUdng ddn vidn du lieh qudc t l . C h i t lUdng hfldng ddn vien cung gdp phai nMeu vdh de edn ton tai trong nganh du lich Vidt Nam nhfl trinh dp ngoai ngfl, kha ndng xfl 1^ tanh huong, kidn thflc v l eae diem du hch ehfla td't.
HINH 2: S o l a o d o n g t r o n g n g a n h d u I i c h t i n h K o n T u m g i a i d o a n 2011-2015
1200 — • — ^Tongsolaodong
-•-Toiig quii (toi^ qua -A-Cluraqiiadaolao
2011 2012 ;0I3 201J 2015
Ngudn: Riong nghiep vu du lich tinh Kon T\im.
Nghiin cdu Knh tisd3(466} - Thing 3/2017
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Nang cao nang lire canh tranh ...
Lao ddng tai cac cd sd kinh doanh lflu trfl, nhd hdng trdn dia b a n t i n h ehu y l u la lao ddng dia phfldng. K i t qua thd'ng kd cho t h a y t i n g so lao ddng chfla qua dao tao t a i t i n h chilm so Ifldng ldn, 2/3 trong tong so lao ddng toan nganh, lao ddng cd t r i n h dp eao, lao ddng quan 1;^ cdn thid'u, lflc lfldng lao dpng khdng chuyen ngMdp ndn thfldng xuydn gay xao trpn nhdt dinh cho cac hoat dong doanh nghiep.
ThU ba, eg sd hg tdng
Kon Tum ehu trpng dau tfl p h a t trien, xdy dflng he t h i n g giao thdng hdp 1^, du m ^ n h de phue vu eho phat t r i l n kinh te xd hpi va giao thUdng gifla eae tinh. He t h i n g giao thdng lidn tinh va lien huyen v l ed b a n ddp iing dupe n h u elu. Ddi vdi hd thfihg giao thdng npi dia, todn tinh ed hdn 4.000 k m dudng bd, ehdt lUdng edc tuyen dudng t i t , vdi 60% la dudng nhfla, 100% cdc xd trdn dia ban t h d n h phd' da cd dfldng otd dd'n t r u n g t a m . Ddi vdi he thong giao thong lien tinh, Kon Tum cd hd thong dfldng di cac tinh phia Bac, pMa Nam bdng dudng Ho CM Minh, qud'c Id 14, quoc Ip 24 (xuong cac tinh ven Men) vd quIe Id 40 (qua Lao, CdmpucMa va Thai Lan).
ThU 4, hg tdng gido due
Kon Tum ed 1 trfldng dai hpc, 2 trUdng eao dang, 1 trudng trung cap day nghe va cM cd 2 trong so' 5 ddn vi trdn t h a m gia dao tao lUe lUdng eho ho^t ddng du lieh nhUng sd' Ifldng khdng n M l u (Phan Mdu dai hpc D a Ndng dao tao khoang g i n 100 hpe vien, trudng eao dang nghe khoang g i n 50 hpe vidn). Kon Tum ehUa cd trUdng ndo ed the ddo tao nguon n h a n luc tai eho t h a n h hudng ddn vidn du lieh. Cde ed sd dao tao v l du lich cdn ylu, t h i l u giao vidn, cde chUdng trinh dao tao vd cd sd vdt ehdt ky thudt edn b a n c h l .
3.2. Bdi cdnh cgnh tranh cua doanh nghiep trong ngdnh
Tinh d i n h i t ngdy 31-12-2015, Kon Tum cd 121 doanh nghidp du lich trong dd 8 doanh nghidp Ifl hdnh, 113 doanh nghidp luu trfl.
V I loai binh kinh doanh, ed 13 cdng ty co
p h i n , 110 edng ty trach nMdm hflu b a n cMd'm 90% tong so doanh ngMdp du lich nhung lad la nhiing doanh ngMdp nhd va thi p h i n thdp, 3 doanh ngMdp n h d nfldc cMd'm 2,4%.
NgMdn cflu tien h a n h k h a o s a t 25 cd sd kinh doanh dich vu du lich n h i m danh gia NLCT cae doanh nghidp. Kdt qua cho thdy, n g u I n vd'n eua edc doanh nghidp du lich tren dia b a n t i n h Kon T u m thdp, cM ed hdn 20%
doanh ngMdp cd vdh t r e n 5 ty ding, trong do von lflu dpng r d t t h d p , cMem khoang 20%
tong nguon vd'n ndn chi t a p t r u n g eho cac boat d^ng ngdn b a n , cac hoat ddng nhfl xdy dflng thfldng hidu, p h a t trien quan he vdi edc doi tdc, xdy dflng san p h i m mdi h a y nghidn eflu vd p h a t trien h i u n h u bi bd ngd.
- Ve nguon n h a n Ifle: so Ifldng lao ddng dflde ddo tao chuyen n g d n h v l du lieh cdn ft, p h i n ldn lao ddng ed t r i n h dd t r u n g edp, sd cdp va dao tao n g i n hain c M l m 60,5%, s l lao dong pho thdng cMem 29,5%.
- V l eae hoat ddng q u a n g bd thUdng M$u:
doanh ngMep du lieh 3 Kon T u m mdi chi thUc hidn mpt each dai t r a vdi muc dfch thdng tin, chUa co cMen lUdc ro rang trong xay dflng thfldng Mdu du lich cho doanh ngMdp minh, d i n g thdi, v a n ehfla ehu trpng bao vd va eung cd' thfldng hidu da cd cua doanh ngMdp t r e n t h i trUdng.
- Ty Id san p h i m mdi t r e n tong so san p h i m : da p h i n doanh ngMdp Ifl hdnh c6 ft san phdm mdi, chu ye'u t h a y doi kdt cdu chUdng t r i n h cu, bo sung, t h a y doi mdt vai dich vu hoac diem dd'n. Cdng tde ngMen eflu thi trudng, khao s a t n h u c l u khach hang khong thue Men do gidi h a n ve n g a n sach.
- Trong boat dpng xflc t i l n , quang ba du hch: tM chi pM n a y cM cMd'm g i n 2% trong doanh ngMep Ifl h a n h , g i n nhfl b l n g 0% vdi doanh ngMdp lflu t r u .
Cdc doanh ngMdp du lich khdng cd hp phdn chuydn trach v l m a r k e t i n g ma ehu ylu quang cdo cM dflng lai d in cae td rdi, vdi thdng tin gidi tMeu nhd, le t e trdn dai, bdo dja phfldng.
6 8 Nghiin cdu Kinh t4 s6 3(466) - Thing 3/2017
Nang cao nang life canh tranh
B A N G l : M o t s o c h i t i i u p h a n a n h h i 6 u q u a k i n h d o a n h b i n h q u S n c u a d o a n h n g h i e p d u l i c h diidc k h a o s a t
Chi tieu 1. S6 lao d6ng binh quan/doanh nghiSp 2. Vtfn binh quan/doanh nghiep (ty d6ng) 3. Tki san ctf dinh binh quan/doanh nghi^p(t^ ddng) 4. Doanh thu thing binh quan/lao dtfng (triftu dtfng) 5. N6p ngan sach/doanh thu (%)
6. Loi nhu9n/vtfn san xu£t (%) 7. Loi nhuan/doanh thu (%) S.Loi nhuan/doanh nghiep (trieu d6ng)
2011 13 7.59 4,03 151,4 4,19 2,33 2,81 216,8
2012 15 9,32 3,72 203,3 4,55 2,67 3,50 378,1
2013 18 11,03 4,31 258,1 3,77 2,95 3,93 411,8
2014 21 14,01 4,68 264,0 4,01 3,01 4,1 445,4 Ngudn: D& lifiu khao sit.
.. - T r i n h dd q u a n 1^ c u a c h u doanh nghiep: p h a n ldn d o a n h nghidp l u u trfl k i n h doanh theo k i e u ho gia dinh. Theo kdt q u a k h a o s a t chi cd 2% c h u d o a n h nghidp cd t r i n h dd t r d n d a i hpc, 36,5% dai hpc, 31,8% cd t r i n h dp cao d d n g vd t r u n g cdp, cdn lai la cdc chfl d o a n h nghidp c h u a dUde dao tao v l n g h i e p v u du lich. Chi cd BANG 2: G i a t r i t r o n g s o
rd't ft cdc c h u d o a n h nghidp dudc dao tao k i l n thflc q u a n 1^ e h i n h quy, mot sd' ft dUde t a p t r u n g dao t a o n g d n b a n , cdn lai da so cdc c h u d o a n h nghidp chi q u a n ly theo k i n h nghidm.
K i t q u a gia t r i t r p n g so cua cac n h d n t l NLCT cua d o a n h nghidp theo ede chi sd' cua N g u y e n Q u a n g V i n h (2011) n h u sau:
c a c n h a n td' s a u k h i q u y d o i STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nhan to Nang luc cfla doanh nghiep Co sd ha tdng phuc vu du lich Kha nang canh tranh san phim dich vu Kha nang Xlic tien va quang hi
Kha nang duy tri vi nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh Kha nang quan \j va d6i mdi
Kha nang lien ket va hop tac
Trpng so 0,15098 0,14441 0,08411 0,16244 0,13325 0,16397 0,16249 Ngudn: DQ lifu khao Si
Qua dd cd t h e nhdn thdy r i n g nhdn to' k h a nang quan ly, doi mdi, kha nang xflc tieh va quang ba, k h a ndng lien kdt vd hdp tdc cd anh hudng ldn nhat tdi k h a ndng eanh t r a n h eua doanh ngMdp. Trong kM dd nhdm cac nhdn to' v l cd sd ha t i n g va k h a ndng canh t r a n h eua san pham, k h a nang duy tri va ndng cao Mdu qua k i n b doanh lai cd tae dpng ft hdn tdi k h a nang canh t r a n h eua doanh ngMdp.
3.3. Dieu kien cdu
So lupng khach du lich dd'n Kon Tum deu t a n g deu qua cdc nam. Trong giai doan 2 0 1 1 - 2015, s l lUdng khach tdng g i n gd'p ddi tfl 167,801 ngMn lUdt khdeh n a m 2011 tang len 238,154 ngMn lupt khach ndm 2015. So lUdt khdeh qud'e te' chie'm 33,13% trong tong so' lupt khach. Day la con so k h a cao so vdi eae t i n h khu vfle Tdy Nguyen.
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Nang cao nang luc canh tranh ...
HINH 3: Ting so Ivtdt khach den vdi Kon Tum giai doan 2011-2015
Ngudn: Phong nghidp vu du ljch tinh Kon "nim.
ThU nhdt, cdc kenh tiip can thdng tin Kdt qua md ta mdu nghidn cflu eho kdt qua nhfl d bang 1: nam gidi cMlm 62,6%, nfl gidi cM chilm 37,4%; dp tuli du khach tra ldi chfl ylu dao ddng tfl 20-30 tuoi cMlm 60,8%. Du khach bilt dd'n du lieh Kon Tum thdng qua ban be va ngUdi than gidi tMdu la ehu ylu chid'm 34%, tilp dd'n qua trang web du lich khae ngodi trang web du lieh eua tinh chid'm 26,3%, cdc cudc trien lam hay
B A N G 3: Mo ta
saeh, tap cM du lich diu khdng cd. Muc dieh cua ehuyen di ehii yd'u la thdm gia dinh chilm 27%, yeu clu cua cdng vide cMlm 27%, du khaeh din vdi Kon Tum de vui chdi- giai tri hay tham quan thidn nMdn chi chiem ty Id rdt nhd. Tuy nhidn cd lUdng ldn du khach dd'n Kon Turn nh^m tim Meu vSn hda dja phUdng chid'm 22,3%,day la nhdra md cac nha hoaeh dinh edn lUu y vd quan tdm.
mau nghidn cflu
Bien quan s i t | T i n suft | Ty M % GiDi tinh
Nam NO
107 64
62,6 37.4 Tuoi
20-30 ta6i 30-40 ni6i Tren 40 a6i
104 56 II
60,8 32,7 6,4 Anh/chi biet du lich Kon Tum thong q u a kenh thong tin nao?
Dai ly du lich
Trang web du lich tinh Kon T^im Trang web du lich khSc Ban be, ngucri than TV, dai Sach va lap chi du lich Tri^n lam
57 37 75 97 19 0 0
20,0 13,0 26,3 34,0 6,7 0 0 SS l i n d i d u lich
Lln diu tien Un th)} hai Ltin IhH 3 trd len
37 36 116
19,6 19,0 61,4
B i e n q u a n s a t | T i n suait| 1^11%
M u c dich cita chuyen di Tim hi^u van h6a Ctfng vific Tham quan thien nhifin Du lich sinh thai Vui Choi- giai trf Du htfi thdo U h t f i Tham gia dinh
77 93 19 58 20 0 0 93
22,3 27,0 5,5 16,8 5,8 0 0 27,0 Hoat dong titng thurc hien khi u Kon Turn Tham dir It htfi/su kitfn
Thucmg thiJc cac mon an dac san Di dao trong thanh phtf Mua hang thia ctfng/dtf luu niem Ngam canh
Tham quan cac khu di Iich lich sijr Tim hi^u thien nhien Tham quan cac khu limg
Tim hilu van hoa ctfng chieng Tay Nguyen Xem cac lang del ihtf cim, may tre dan lai
38 132 114 55 114 75 94 57 75 37
4,8 16,7 14,4 7,0 14,4 9,5 11,9 7,2 9,5 4,7 Ngudn: DQ liftu khao sat.
70 Nghi6n dm Kinh ti s6 3(466) - Thing 3/2017
Nang cao nang luc canh tranh
Thti hai, ddnh gid chdt lUdng dich vu du lich
NMn ehung, chat lUdng dich vu du lich tinh Kon T u m cdn n h i l u h a n che. Cd sd h ^ t i n g edn nMeu yd'u kem, khd k h a n trong vide di chuyin gifla cde d i l m du hch, n h u n g t M l u v a i ^ cae phUdng ti&i taning ehuyen, chfl yeu eae cdc diem du lich la dfldng ddo, dd'c ndn di lai k h a khd khan, cM ed 36,8% du khdeh hdi long. Thdng lin du lich ciing b a n che, du khach rdt khd k h a n trong tim k i l m thong tin.
Chdt lUdng dich v u k h a c h hdng chUa chuydn ngMdp, hudng dan vidn du lieh it, tMd'u chuyen ngMep, dich vii kem hd'p dan. Ngoai ra, eude song v l dem, eae boat dpng giai tri, vui chdi chUa dap flng dupe n h u e l u eiia du
khdeh, eM c M l m 44,4%. Cac d i l m vui chdi tdp t r u n g ehu yeu d t h a n h p h i Kon Tum, trong khi dd cac diem t h a m q u a n lai d k h a xa t r u n g tdm. Mdt khac, n h i l u du khach eho riing djeh vu vui chdi, giai t r i tai Kon T u m r a t ddn dieu, chUa hdp ddn dUdc du khaeh.
Bdn canh dd, ed nhiing d i l u kMen du khaeh du lieh hai long va ydu men, dd Id: sU thdn tMdn cua ngudi dan dia phUdng, tMdn nMen hoang sd, ehUa bi khai thdc va sfl da dang v a n hda, di tieh, t h a n g canh. Ty le h a i long cua du khach rdt cao, t r e n 80%. Ddy Id cac yd'u to dfldc d a n h ^ a Id quan trpng trong cae quyet dinh di du hch cua du khach nen se dflde xem Id t i l m n a n g de phat trien du Uch Kon Tum.
H I N H 4: Milfc d o h a i l o n g c u a k h a c h d u I i c h (%)
Ctf sdh; tang trong tinh (cau, dudng...]
Thong tin du ljch I Giica I ChSi luung djch vu idiich hing \ Cu9C song ve dem, hoat d9ng vui chOt, glal tii |
Thien nhien hoang aa, ehOa b| khai thac I S I ; an loin I
|37
•:4o I
• • 44|
I 87
Oa dang van h6a { { ^ S^thSn thiin cOad^ dja phifttng ^
Ngudn: Khao sat khdeh du Iich n£lm 2013.
3.4. Cdc ngdnh ho tra vd lien quan Ca quan qudn ly nhd nUdc: Kon T u m da xac djnh du lieh la n g a n h kinh t l mCii nhpn va Sd Van hda, t h e thao vd du lich la cd quan quan ly trfle t i l p cua ngdnh. Ngdy 24-12- 2014, UBND tinh Kon Tum q u y l t dinh thdnh Idp Hiep hdi du lieh t i n h Kon Tum. Do mdi t h a n h 1|LP ndn Mep hdi chfla p h a t huy h i t vai trd cua minh trong cdng tdc quan Iy nhd nflde nhU quan ly chdt lUdng, dich vu tai cdc khu, t u y l n du hch chUa dap flng dUde
ydu e l u , n a n g gia cac dieh vu an, ngM vdn edn ton tai...vide edp n h a t thong tin v l cac tuyd'n diem du lich mdi dd'n cac cdng ty va khaeh du lieh edn chdm; vide t i l p xue, gan ket vdi cac doanh ngMep trdn dia bdn cdn b a n che'.
Dich vu liiu trd: n a m 2015, Kon Tum cd 113 cd sd lflu t r u du lieh, vdi 1.675 phdng, cM cd 1 cd sd dat khach san 4 sao, 50 cd sd dat 1- 3 sao, cdn cd nhieu ed sd luu t r u khac ed ehdt lUdng cdn kem, khdng theo tieu c h u i n .
Nghiin cdu Klnh tisd3(466) - Thing 3/2017 71
Nang cao nang luc canh tranh ..,
BANG 6; S o c d sd liiu t r i i t a i K o n T u m g i a i d o a n 2011-2015 Nam
Stf luong CO scr lim tni Stf luong phong
2011 51 967
2012 63 1102
2013 78 1330
2014 92 1397
2015 113 1675 Nguon: Ph6ng nghifip vu du lich Unh Kon Turn.
Cac cd sd phuc vu an u l n g t r e n dja b a n tinh phdt trien tUdng ddi vd v a n d l an todn thue pham khd dam bao, n h a n sfl t a i cde n h a hang cdn thid'u t i n h chuydn nghiep.
He thdng cdc ca sdphuc vu hogt ddng vui chai gidi tri: chua dap flng dUdc n h u c l u Men nay eua khdeh du lich. H o a t dpng giai t r i ehinh eua k h a c h t a i cac diem du Iich Id dfla vao canh quan thien n h i e n nhU di bp dao pho, niglm canh... nhflng thieu hd thd'ng giai tri cdng edng nhfl r a p c h i l u pMm, bao tang, cdng vien... He t h i n g eae t r u n g t a m thfldng mai, cac cfla h a n g gidi tMdu san p h i m . . . cdn tMd'u, chfla da dang khdng dap
flng dfldc n h u e l u m u a s i m cua khdeh du hch.
Dich vu tdi chinh: M e n Kon Tum ed mdt eae cM n h a n h eua h a u h i t cdc ngdn hang, t a o t h u d n ldi eho eae h o a t ddng tdi cMnh vd eae n h d n , doanh n g h i e p b o a t dong du lieh.
Dich uu giao thdng van tdi: cdn k h a h£in chd' t r o n g vide vdn c h u y e n du k h a e h d i n edc d i l m du ljch cdn khd k h d n .
3.5. Ddnh gid ehung
Tfl vide p h a n tieh eae tae n h d n trong todn cum n g a n h , t a c gia tong hdp NLCT eua n g d n h b ^ n g md M n h k i m cfldng va d a n h gia NLCT tiing tdc n h a n nhfl sau:
HINH 5: D a n h g i a n a n g Iflc c a n h t r a n h ciia n g a n h b a n g m o h i n h k i m cfldng
[+] Rdo cdn gia nhfip ngdnh th£p [+] Djnh hi/Ong du l|cti mQI nhgn [-] C^nh tranh n^i tfnh th^p, cdc cOng ty du
ljch c6 quy mO nh6
[•] It Mu tu cho sdn phjm m6i, &in phim khOng da dong, khA ph^c vu cho khSch hdng phdn khOc Ihu nh^p cao.
[-•-] TAi nguySn du 1|ch da dqng, phong phO, khi h^u n h l ^ aa vd 6n di!ri [+] NH6u dan l^c tQO n6n vfln h6a da [-1 Nhan li/c du l|ch chS ilfljng IhSp. It
kp nSng E-) Qiao IhOng n^l linh kdm (-1 Co sS h^ tflng du ljch ihiilu, c h *
lugng thSp
M E}|a hinh hidm trd khOng thudn I9I cho vi$c di I9I, tang chl phf H Ngufin gldo d^c- dao i^o vi du ljch
thieiu cd vi etfliAiing vd chA latfng
[+] KhAch qu5c ttf vd khdeh trong tufOc tdng qua cdc (-1 Da khAt kha cila du khdeh
khAng cao.
l*-yC6 a\f M tr?t6tcda Nhd nuOc [-] Cdc djch vy hfi trg djiy dH nhung
chua ddp ijmg Ouxfa nhu cflu.
[-] Cdc sdn ph&n mG cdng lhi£u da
Ngudn: T^c gia tdng hop Chd thich:f+\ Di^m manh; [-] Di^m y€u
72 Nghiin cdv Kinh ti s6 3(466) - Thing 3/201?
Nang cao nang Itfc canh tranh ...
HINH 6: D a n h g i a n a n g Iflc c a n h t r a n h cdc t a c n h a n t r o n g n g a n h d u Iich t i n h K o n T u m
Qort vj dau ti;, khai Ihdc du ljch
Tdi nguySn du ljch
,
T^ chfnh d^utu
Dai hpc, day nghd, nghign cihi
Ka tang giao thdng, vSn ctiuyin
; An ninh x3 h^
- -
*i
Doanh nghiep klnh doanh du Ech
I
San phim du ljch
i
Du Ijc^ sii^ th^, vin hoa, c$ng ddng
'f
Co quan quan Ij nhd nin)c
4 -
Quang cao, truydn thdng
Djd) vg an utfhg
Djch VM luu tn)
0|chvijvuichcif,giatrf
Dich vuv|n chuyen
C^ hdng luu ni$m, S^ san da phinng
t
Hi^hOidulich
Lidn k^tduljdi vdng
KhOng c6 tfnh canh tranh
Ct tfnh c^nh tranh C6 tinh canh tranh cao
4. K e t l u a n
Cum nganh du lieh tinh Kon Tum ddng vai trd quan trpng trong p h a t trien kinh t e dia phfldng. NhQng vd'n de then chd't cua ngdnh du lich tinh Kon T u m Id: (i) sfl hoEit dpng kem chuydn ngMdp cua t h e che, to ehfle va con ngUdi, k h i l n lien k i t t h i ehe hd trd edn rdi rac, long leo, kem bieu qua; (ii) y l u kem trong chdt lUdng nguon n h a n lflc du
lieh; (iii) tdi nguyen vdn hda dang bj mai mpt; (iv) cd sd h a t a n g edn b a n c h l .
Dd cdi bd eae n u t thdt trdn, KonTum c i n thflc Men eae nhdm giai phap sau:
(i) Nhom chinh sach ve chien luac vd quy hogeh phdt triin du lich:
Kon Tum can djnh hudng p h a t trien cum nganh chuyen nghiep, bao ton cdc tai nguyen thidn nhidn trong du lich, gifl gin mdi trfldng.
NghUn cdu Kinh tisd3(466) • Thing 3/2017
73
Ndng cao nang Itfc canh tranh ,
ban sac van hda cdc dan tde, tdp trung phdt triln Mnh thai du ljch sinh thai edng ding.
Ngoai ra, edc doanh ngMdp du lich cin dfldc tao dilu kien tham gia cac hoat dpng djnh hfldng, xdy dflng phat trien cMln Iflde du ljch, khai thdc vd thie't k l cac ehUdng trinh tham qua eho du khdeh. Dae Met cin phat huy vai trd cua Mep hdi du lich cua Kon Tum nham tao elu nil gifla eae tdc nhan tham gia trong cum ngdnh.
(ii) Nhdm phdt tridn vi nguon nhdn lUc:
Sd Gido due va dao tao phdi hdp vdi Sd Van hda, the thao vd du lich trien khai cdc chUdng trinh dao tao nguon nhdn lflc du ljch, dua cdc chUdng trinh gido due ndng eao nhdn thflc ve du lich va phdt trien du lich bin vflng vdo cpng ding dan eU. Chid'n lUdc phat trien du Ijeh sinh thai cdng ding eM phdt triln thanh edng kM cae tac nhdn tham gia cum ngdnh, ngudi dan, doanh nghiep Meu rd, ed trdeh nhiem, nb^n thfle dflng vai trd cua minh trong cum ngdnh, ndng cao f thfle bao ton mdi trfldng.
(iii) Nhom chinh sach vi phdt trien ca sd hg tdng:
De thu hflt dupe vd'n dau tU cho eae dich vu cdng eong ho trd nhU bai ddu xe, nha ve sinh, cac tr^m dflng ngM chdn, tinh ein xae djnh thfl tu Uu tien vd tham vdn f kiln eua doanh ngMep du lieh trong vide lfla chpn diu tu ed sd ha tang, cae tuyen dudng noi cac didm tham quan, ed cMnh sach flu tidn thu hut cae nguon von diu tU phat trien du lieh cdng dong nh^m phat trien du lich ben vihig, bao ton gia trj vdn hda thay vi nguon vin diu tu vdo khach s^n cao cdp va cac dfl an resort...
(iv) Nhdm chinh sach lien quan den thi trudng:
De eai tMen ehat Ifldng dich vu dja phfldng, tmh cin xem xdt xdy dflng mdt hp thd'ng dieu tra ngMdn cflu thi trfldng thfldng xuyen tfl du khach, thong qua cdc mlu phieu dilu tra tai cac diem du ljch, cae ed sd ngM dfldng, edng ty du lieh, he thong trflc tuyd'n dl cdp nhdt thfldng xuydn, giflp phat hidn ed hdi diu tfl du hch, tao ddng Ifle hi trd edc edng ty xflc tiln diu tu. Ngodi ra, tinh cin xdy dflng cae chUdng trinh tilp thj dia phUdng vd thu hflt diu tU vao cdc dich vu ho trd trong cum nganh./.
TAI LifiU THAM KHAO
1. Vu Th&nh TtfAnh (2012), KhungphSn tfch NLCT dia phuong, Chuong trlnh giang day kinh t£ Fulbright, tfi^nh phtf H6 Chf Minh.
2. Cue Thtfng k6 tinh Kon Tum (2015), Niftn giam thtfng k& tinh Kon Tum.
3 . Porter, Michael E. (2008), Cdc cum ngdnh vd sii cgnh tranh. Ban dich t i ^ g Viet cua Chuang trlnh Giang day kinh t^ Fulbright, thanh phtf Htf Chi Minh.
4. Quygt dinh 2 6 1 2 / ( ^ - T T g . phft duyfit "Quy hoach tdng th^ phat triln du lich Tfly Nguyen d&i nftm 2020, X&m nhin ASn nam 2030.
5. Xiy ban Nhfln d ^ tinh Kon Tum, K^ hoach phat tri^n du lich dnh Kon Tum giai doan 2016-2020.
6. Die stf lieu cua n i o n g nghifip vu du Itch tinh Kon Tum.
7. NguySn Quang Vinh (201!). Phuong phdp x5c dinh khS nang canh tranh cua cdc doanh nghiep IQ h^nh.
Tap chi Du lich Viet Nam, stf 6-2011, Btf VSn htfa, th^
thao vjl du ljch, 201 i , tr. 36-37.
8. Tay Phi (2015), Du lich kon tum ndm 2014, nhiing kit qud ndi bdt. Tai dia chi http://kontum.gov.vn/
tinnic/Lisls/Posts/Post.aspx?List=2fa21 aca-fe02-41 ba- bc47-77d530847b32&ID=l 1045
9. http://www.duIichvietnam.com.wi/di-lich-lich-su- nguc-kon-tum-duoc-phuc-dung-va-day-manh.html
74 Nghiin cdv Kinh li si 3(466) - Thing 3/2017
