Hoi nghi bien doi khi hau (BDKH) lan thu 17 cua Lien hop quoc tai thanh pho Durban (Nam Phi) tir ngay 28/11 den ngay 11/12 voi 194 nuoc tham gia da nhat tri thong qua thoa thuan Nen tang hanh dong nang cao Durban ve mot lo trinh moi trong cuoc chien chong bien doi khi hau 10 nam toi. Tuy vay, theo quan diem cua cac to chuc bao ve moi trudng, thanh qua dat duoc tai hoi nghi Durban thap hon nhieu so voi mong doi.
Nhifng thanh qua dat du'O'c d" Durban:
T
hda thuan dat duge trong Hdi nghj Durban v l BDKH la Nen tang hdnh ddng nang cao Durban bao gdm cac d i l m chinh nhu: NhIt tri khdi ddng Id trinh ddm phan ve hipp irac eat giam khi thai gay hieu ung nha kinh mang tinh rang budc phap ly vao nam 2012. Dy kiln hipp ufofc se hoan t i t vao nam 2015 va cd hieu lye vdo nam 2020; Ddng y trien hgn nghj djnh thu Kyoto sang giai dogn 2 keo dai tLP nam 2013 2017 sau khi cac cam k i t d giai dogn 1 k i t thuc vao nam 2012; Cing hd ca e h l phat triln sgeh trong khudn khd nghj djnh thu Kyoto; Tim k i l m116/ nghi bien doi khi hau
& Nam Phi va hanh dong cua Viet Nam
cac ca e h l thj trudng mdi n h l m khuyin khich c i t giam khi thai gay hipu ung nha kinh; Xem xdt huy ddng quy tu nhan va SLP dgng ca e h l thj trudng d l tai trg cho cac chuang trinh giam khi thai tu pha rCpng va lam thoai hda rCpng;
Sdm thanh lap quy khi hau xanh vdi d l y du nhan sy, van phdng hoat ddng n h l m huy ddng 100 ti USD vao nam 2020 d l giup dd dan nude ngheo ddi phd vdi hau qua cua biln ddi khi hau.
Theo thda thuan dat duge, cac nude cdng nghiep se phai tuan thu Nghj djnh thu Kyoto nam 1997 them it nhIt la 5 nam nOa sau khi nghj djnh ndy h i t han vao nam sau. Thda thuan nay b i t d i u cd hieu lye tu nam 2020 va day la budc k l t i l p cua nghi djnh thu Kyoto da duge thdng qua vdo nam 1997. Day la mdt tin hieu manh duge dua ra tCp Durban d l cac qude gia tren t h i gidi cam k i t gidi han lugng khi thai gay hieu ung nha kinh. Tu nay d i n nam 2015, 194 nude tham dy hpi nghj se phai d l ra nhOng ca sd phap ly d l ap dung cho t i t ca cac qude gia, cung nhu d l ra nhOng cdng cu cho phep k i l m chung vipc thyc hipn cam k i t cua mdi nude.
Muc tieu v l n la gidi han nhipt dd tren trai d I t khdng tang them qua 2 dp C, mac du cho d i n nay.
• Ths. NGUYEN THANH DIEP
ddy chi la mdt tham vpng thuin tuy ly thuylt bdi vi cac nha khoa hpc giai thich rang the gidi mdi chi giam duge 60% lugng khi thai d n thilt d l dgt duge muc tieu de ra cho nam 2020.
Hanh dpng cua Vipt Nam ve bien ddi khi hau:
Vdi vai trd, vj tri cua mdt nude thdnh vien tham gia Cdng LPdc khung Lien hgp qude v l bien ddi khi hau, cung nhu vdi trach nhiem cua mdt qude gia chju anh hudng nang n l nhIt cua biln ddi khi hau, Viet Nam tham gia Hdi nghj l i n nay vdi tinh t h i n tich eye, ddng gdp vao cac v l n de chung. Viet Nam da thao luan va thdng qua nhilu v l n d l ca ban va bien phap ung phd vdi biln ddi khi hau toan d u , t i l p tuc t h i hipn tilng ndi cua nhdm cac nu'de dang phat triln, ddng gdp quan d i l m vao vipc xay dyng va hoan thien ndi dung ode van kipn lien quan d i n biln ddi khi hau toan d u .
Vipt Nam da xay dyng Chuang trinh muc tieu qude gia ung phd vdi biln ddi khi hau d i n nam 2020 va t i m nhin 2050, xay dyng kjch ban ung phd vdi biln ddi khi hau va nude biln dang.
Chinh vi vay, cd mat tgi Durban, Nam Phi nam nay, ngoai cac cude thao luan cac v l n d l chung mang (Xem tiep trang 28)
So 2/2012 KHCN&MT Khanh Hoa 17
Dd b l u (Aquilaria crassna), N l m linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum), Sa nhdn (Amomum xanthioides), Ba gge (Rauwotfia combodiana), Ngu gia bl (Schefflera octophylla), U'ai (Scaphium lychnophorum), Ba bjnh (Eurycoma longifolia)...
6. Gia trj v l cung c i p ngudn gidng cac loai cdy g5 ban dja va cac lam ddc san nhu-: Cdng, Gidi, Go, s i n , Sao den, San huylt...
7. Gia trj v l mdi trudng: Rung Hdn Ba giu vai trd phdng hd rIt quan trpng. Id la phdi cua ca khu vyc, giup can b l n g sinh thai, d i l u hda nguon nu-dc, hgn e h l tinh trgng lu Igt va xdi mdn vung hg lu-u. C i n cd gidi phdp bao tdn va phat triln.
Nhu vdy nhin t i n g t h i , rung Hdn Ba khdng chi ed gid trj cao v l da dgng sinh hpc va tai nguyen, ma con ed y nghTa v l phgc vg hpc tgp, nghien cuu, nghl du-dng, du Ijch tham quan, ngodi ra la mdt dja d i l m van hda Ijch s d g i n l i l n vdi cupc ddi va s y nghipp khoa hpc cua Bac sT Yersin. Vi t h i , Hdn Bd c I n dLpge quan tam bao ton tru-dc nhdng nguy ca do qua trinh b i l n doi khi hgu gay ndn vd do chinh eon ngudi phd hogi. Bdi sy gia tang nhipt dd do b i l n doi khi hau se lam thu hpp d i n phgm vi phdn bd cdc loai cay ed bidn dp sinh thdi hpp nhu loai cay la kim (Conifers), cay a nhipt ddi (Chip tay. Do quyen, G i l i . Thfeh, Chd nui...) vd vdo mua khd ed t h i gdy chay rdng trdn didn rpng tgi vung thIp ed hd sinh thdi rdng thyg hogc cdc trang edy bgi. Ngoai ra, cung khdng phdi "ty nhidn"
md mpt so loai g i n nhy bj b i l n m i t tgi Hdn Bd nhu Lan hdi hdng (Paphiopedilum delanatii), Dd b l u (Aquilaria crassna), Dd Hdn Bd (Lithocarpus honbaensis), Pa mu (Fo/f/e/7/a hodginsii), Go dd (Afzelia xylocarpa)...
Khdnh Hda c I n phdi ed nhO-ng bidn phap c I p bach va phu hp-p d l bao t i n da dgng sinh hpc va phdt triln cac nguin "gen" ban dja quy h i l m cho Hdn Bd:
1. T i l n hdnh d i l u tra t i n g t h i . phdn lo^j va Idp ca sd d u lidu ddng - thyc vdt rdng Hdn Ba, chu trpng phat hidn cac loai quy h i l m hode loai mdi (cua Vidt Nam hode cua t h i gidi) va danh gia mdc dd da dgng sinh hpc phgc vg cho cdng tde qudn ly bao vp rdng va giam sat tai nguydn rung.
2. Xdy dyng b l sung Dy an dau tu Khu Bao t i n thidn nhidn Hdn Bd lam ca sd quy hogch phat trien theo hudng ndng d p thanh Vudn Q u i e gia d l cd d i l u kidn phdt huy d l y du ede gid trj v l da dgng sinh hpc.
3. Thanh Idp Vudn suu tdp thyc vgt cd quy md khodng lOOha lam nai bdo ton cac nguIn gen quy h i l m , dgc hdu va su-u t i m cac loai dup-c lipu cd gid trj cao mpc t y nhidn tai Hdn Bd.
4. Xdy dyng chu-ang trinh nghien cdu bao ton va phat triln
cac nguIn gen ddc hdu, quy h i l m tgi ddy, tryde m i t la nhdm lodi cdy Id kim.
Cdc gidi phdp bao t i n d y g c d l x u l t bao g i m cd 2 phyang thde:
C i n lam t i t cdng tde tuydn truyin trdn cdc phyang tidn thdng tin dgi chOng. phd b i l n v l bdo vd mdi tru-dng cdnh quan. tang cu-dng nhdn thde cua cdng ding v l b i o t i n va phdt triln da dgng sinh hpc g i n l i l n vdi cdc hogt ddng du Ijch sinh thdi tgi Hdn Bd.
Bdo t i n nguydn vj (in - situ):
xdc djnh phgm vi phan b l cua tdng d l i tu-gng, t i l n hanh khoanh vung bdo vd ( g i n lien vdi bao ton q u I n xa nai cd lodi phdn b l ty nhidn) vd dp dgng cdc bidn phap lam sinh phu hgp, k l cd vide xiic t i l n tai sinh t y nhien, d y dgm cdy con...
- Bao t i n chuyin vj (ex - situ):
thilt Igp cac khu vyc trong thyc nghidm cd d i l u kidn Idp dja tuang t y vdi dgc d i l m sinh thdi cua cac loai edy dgc hdu quy hilm, nghidn cdu nhdn giong vd bao quan nguIn gen.B
Ho/ nghl b\en doi...
(Tiep theo trang 17) tinh chiln lu-ge va djnh hudng. y nghTa s i n g edn. Nhgn thuc rd doan Vidt Nam edn tham gia cac anh hu-dng cua b i l n doi khi hau.cude dam phan song phuang vdi Vidt Nam da sdm tham gia Cdng nhilu nude vd d l i tac. Qua cac u-dc khung v l b i l n doi khi hau tu cude t i l p xuc song phu-ang nay, nam 1994 va phd ehuIn Nghj djnh Vidt Nam vd cdc d l i tac tim ra cac thu Kyoto nam 2002. Trong nhilu quan d i l m chung, tang cu-dng ndm qua. Vipt Nam cung ludn Id hgp tac va nhIt la tim k i l m s y h i mOt thanh vien tich eye trong cdc trg d l Vidt Nam dng phd cd hidu hogt ddng chung cua cdng dong qua vdi b i l n d l i khf hdu. chuyin q u i c t l , chung tay dng phd vdi d l i md hinh kinh t l ft carbon, tdng b i l n d l i khf hgu vl mdt hanh tinh tru'dng xanh vi sy phdt trien
b i n vdng.
Nhdng thyc t i l n v l b i l n doi khf hgu d Vipt Nam da trd ndn r I t rd rdng vd dng phd vdi b i l n doi khf hdu da trd thdnh v l n d l cd
xanh. Giam nhp phat thai nha kfnh, t i l p can n I n kinh t l xanh, chuyin doi md hinh kinh t l it carbon... la hu'dng di cua Viet Nam hien nay vd trong thdi gian tdi.H
