L A M SINH
NGHIEN cCrU THAM DO MOT SO DAC DIEM SINH THAI VA KHA NANG GAY TRONG CAY XOAY (DIALIUM
COCHINECHIENSIS PIERRE) TAI GIA LAI
Bui Thanh Hang, Ngo Van Cam Phong Nghien ciru Ky thuat Lam sinh
Vien Khoa hoc Lam nghiep Viet Nam
TOM TAT
Xoay la loai ciy cd gii tri kinh te rit cao, gd rit tdt, mau niu do, min, deo, chiu ma sat va chiu nudc, ft van va khdng hi mdi mgt, gd duoc ua chudng va cd the lam rat nhidu mat hang cd gia tri dugc diing trong cic cdng trinh liu ben. Qui an tuai hoac ngim rugu udng lim thudc, la mgt loai lam san ngoai gd cd y nghia ldn ddi vdi ngudi dan tai Gia Lai.
Trong rimg tu nhien Xoay cd the coi la "nhdm sinh thai" chii yeu trong loai hinh hdn giao la rdng thudng xanh dai thip dudi 800m vi thudc tang trdi cua rimg chiem tdi 50% td thanh rimg. Xoay la loai cd tfnh quin the trung binh, nd cting phii hop vdi die tfnh mgc rii ric trong rimg ty nhien. Xoay la ciy ra hoa ket qua luang ddi deu, hau nhu nam nao cung cho qua. Nam sai qua phu thudc vao thdi tiet va chu ky sai qua ciia loii.
Tii khda: Cay Xoay, Die didm sinh thii, Kha nang giy trdng.
MODAU
Phuc hdi rimg bing trdng ciy bin dia hien dang thu hiit sy chii y cua nhieu nhi khoa hgc va la vin de dugc su quan tam ciia nganh lam nghiep vdi nhiing lgi ich mang tfnh chien luge khdng chi d phucmg dien bao vc sy da dang sinh hgc ma cdn ca y nghla kinh te trong viec phuc hdi rimg nhiet dcji. Ben canh cac vi'n dc vc quan ly, vice tim bieu dugc diy du cic die diem sinh vit hgc, sinh thai hgc cua chiing de din dit rimg phat trien dn dinh, ciing nhu tich hanh cac giai phap ky thuat trong nudi dudng, giy trdng dap ling dugc cic muc dfch khic nhau trong kinh doanh va bio vc mdi trudng sinh thai.
Ciy Xoay (Dialium cochinechiensis llcrrc) la mgt loai ciy ban dia kha phd bien trong kieu rimg kfn thudng xanh mua am nhiet ddi khu vyc Tiy Nguyen. Diy la loai cay gd ldn, gd rit tdt, mau niu dd, min, deo, chiu ma sit va chiu nudc, it van va khdng bi mdi mgt, dugc diing trong cac cdng trinh liu ben, ddng be miy, thiing xc, lam ta vet vi true cp mia. Qui an tuai hoac ngam rucm lim thudc bd.
Hoa la ngudn mit tdt cho ong. Trudc yeu ciu chgn loai cay trdng lam nghiep thfch hgp trong kinh doanh, phdng hd, bao vc va phit trien cic loai ciy ban dia cd trien vgng, chiing tdi tien hanh de tai IJNghien cdu thdm do mgt sdddc diem sinh thdi vd
khd ndng gdy trong cdy Xoay tgi Tdy Nguyen" lam ca sd di xuit bifin phip bao ve va phat trien loai d khu vyc.
DjAOIEM vA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CLOJ
Dia diem nghien cdu: chi tien hanh nghien cim Uen mdt sd lam phin cd phin bd Xoay thudc tieu khu 867 - Tram Thyc nghiem Kon Ha Nimg vi mgt sdlim trudng thudc huyen KBang, tinh Gia Lai.
Phuong phap nghien ciiru
Thu thip thdng tin thdng qua viec tim hieu cac tai lieu cd trong cac thu vien cua Trung tam, Vien va cac CO sd sin xuat, internet cung nhu phdng van ngudi dan va cin bg dia phuang.
Dieu tra danh gii, lip cic d tidu chuin dien hinh (d 2500m^ va dtc 6 ciy), do dem cae chi deu: dinh danh, dudng kfnh 1.3, chieu cao, phim chit, ket hgp didu tra cic dieu kien sinh thii nhu loai dit, di me, do day tang dat, ca'u tugng di't, hudng phai, dia hinh, thuc bi, do tan che....va didu tra tai sinh ty nhien bang cic d dang ban.
Thu hii hat va gico uom thir nghifim trong vudn uom Trung tim Lim nghiep Nhiet ddi, sir dung ky thuit gico uom thdng thudng ap dung tai vudn uam.
Sd heu thu thip dugc xir ly theo phuong phap thdng kt trong lim nghiep dya tren phan mem SPSS 10.0.
TAP CH[ KHOA HOC L A M NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009 1087
LAM SINH
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU V A T H A O LUAN Mdi quan he sinh thai giiifa Xoay vdi cac loai c^y khac.
Riing hdn loai nhidt ddi bao gdm nhidu loai ciy cung tdn tai, thcji gian ciing tdn tai ciia mdt sd loai Uong dd phu thudc vao mure dd phii hgp hay ddi khing giiia chiing vdi nhau trong qui trinh lgi dung y^utd mdi trudng.
Kft qua didu tra 30 ciy Xoay da xic dinh dugc cd 11 loai ciy ban xuit hidn. Mac dii sd 6 quan sit chua nhidu nhimg kdt qui cho thiy sd loii ciy ban
cua Xoay xuit hiftn khdng ldn vl 1 vdi tin xuit rit khac nhau. Vide xdp nhdm cac loai ciy ban theo cic miic dd khic nhau dua vao di^m didu tra hay sd c i thd se cho k6t qua khac nhau. Ddi vdi nhiing loai cd tfnh quin thd rd rdt dii tai mdt didm didu tra c6 thd gap nhidu c i th6 cimg loai do dd khi tfnh theo sd c i thd thi se chid^m ty 16 phin trim cao hon so vdi khi tfnh theo didm didu tra. (Do sd lugng d didu tra It, dd tin ciy thip nfen dd tai khdng tidn hanh tfnh toin thiA lip md hinh quan hfe sinh thii hgc theo tiing cap loai ma chi dctn gian thdng kd cac loii ciy xuithifen).
Bang 1. Muc do xuat hien cua nhom loai cay ban vdi cay nghien cuv ( dieu tra 30 cay 6 tieu chuan 6 cay)
Ivoai cay nghien ciru
Xoay
Loai cay ban Ten loai
Nhoc Re Tr^m Gdi Ldng mang Xoay Gidi Sen Gie Su-a Tram
So lan xua't hien 20
12 11 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 1
% 33%
20%
18%
8%
5%
5%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
Tir bang 1 cho thi'y Nhgc la loai xuat bien canh Xoay nhidu nhit voi tan suit 33% theo sc) c i the.
Cdn Xoay xuat hien ben canh chfnh nd la 5%, dieu nay cdn chumg td Xoay la loai cd tfnh quan the trung binh, nd cung phii hgp vdi dac tfnh mgc dai rac trong rimg ty nhien cua loai.
Ilico Bill Doan (2001) thi rimg li rdng thudng xanh d Kon Ha Nimg dugc phin bd tir dc) cao 800m trd xudng va nhdm loai chie'm uu the trong td thanh
rimg gdm cd: Gidi, Xoay, Md cua, Vang trirng.
Nhdm nay chie'm ldi 50% td thanh rimg va cd the coi la "nhdm sinh thii" chu yeu trong loai hinh hon giao li rgng thudng xanh dai thip dudi 800m. Ket qua dieu tra tren 05 lieu chudn dugc lip trong heu khu 867 cho tha'y Xoay cd mat trong nhdm chiem 50% td thanh rung va trimg vcii kcl luan ciia Biii Doan
Bang 2. To thanh loai trong rdng hdn giao la rong dai thap (tieu khu 867 -Tram Thuc nghiem Kon Ha Ndng KBang Gia Lai).
OTC I Loai Irim Dung
Sd cay 75 66
% 12 10
OTC II Loai
Trim Dung
So cay 46 38
% 10 9
OTC III I^oai
Tram Ggi
Sd cay 48 34
% 12 9
OTC IV Loai
Tram Leo heo
Sd cay 46 38
% 12 10
OTCV Loai Tram Dung
Sd cay 95 36
% 19 7
1088 TAP CHI KHOA HOC L A M NGHIEP S6 4 . 2009
LAM SINH
Gie Ggi Chom chom Gidi Re Rang rang Dau moc Leo heo Khao Xoay
66 42 31 25 24 23 21 21 18 18
10 7 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
Gie Chua kc Sp Xoay Gidi nhung Gie dd Dau rai Re Rang rang Gie
32 28 20 18 16 13 13 12 10 10
7 6 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2
Re Gie Xoay Gid Ngat Dung Trud ng Rang rang SP Den
28 22 22 21 19 18 18 16 16 13
7 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 3
Chom Dung Ggite Gie trdng Gidi nhung Ggi nep Re Trudn g Gie dd Xoay
25 24 17 15 15 15 15 14 12 8
7 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 2
Re Xoay Gie Chdi mdi Chom Khao Hoic quang Sen Den Ngat
34 26 23 20 20 18 17 16 15 15
7 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 Bang 3. Cac gia tri binh quan cua loai nghien ciiu va lam phan
Chi tieu
CL3 (cm) Ilvn (m) Hde
(m) Dt (m)
OTC I dtc 73.5
15.9 9.3 4.4
Xoay 106.8 22.4 13.6 6.1
OTC II dtc 71.8
18.0 10.4 5.5
Xoay 79.2 22.1 13.4 6.7
OTC m dtc
76.9 17.2 10.0 5.0
Xoay 57.9 18.6 13.1 4.0
OTC IV dtc 78.3 17.5 9.6 5.6
Xoay 117.8 20.9 13.3 7.2
O T C V dtc 83.6 15.0 8.5 5.1
Xoay 215.0 28.1 16.7 10.2
Kcl qua tir bang 2 va bang 3 cho thay nhin chung loai ciy nghien ciru ddu cd cac chi lieu D,, va H„ I I. Idn hem gia tri binh quin lam phin (trir d tieu chuan 3). Didu dd chii'ng td Xoay thudc tang trgi ciia rimg.
Tham do kha nang gay trong Xoay.
Dac diem tdi sinh.
Xoay la cay ra hoa ket qua tuong ddi ddu, hau nhu nam nao cung cho qua. Nam sai qua phu thuoc vao thdi tiet va chu ky sai qua ciia loai, tuy nhien tai viing Kon Ha Nimg do tic dgng ciia viec thu bai qua Xoay bang each chat canh da anh hudng rit nhidu de'n sinh trudng phit tridn binh thudng ciia ciy, din de'n rit khd tfnh dugc chu ky sai qua.
Kcl qua didu tra 02 dtc 1000 m2 lai khoanh 5 va
khoanh 8 tieu khu 867 cho tha'y sd lugng cay tai sinh ty nhien tit hat trung binh (6 sdOl: 17 cay/6 vdi 70% cd trien vgng, d deu chuan 02 vdi 35 ciy/o va 45% cay trien vgng), tuy nhien khdng dm thi'y Xoay tii sinh noi khoang trdng trong rimg nen cd the cho ring khi cdn nhd Xoay la ciy chiu bdng va cd the phuc hdi rimg bang con dudng tu nhien nhung se rat khd khan.
Thu hdi hat vd thvc nghiem gieo uam sd lugng nho tai vudn uam.
Vice thu hai qua dugc thyc hien vao thing 7 nam 2005, da lien hanh gico uam tai hai noi (mdi dia diem gico uam khoang 1000 hat) ky thuat gico uam thdng thudng:
- Vudn uam Tram Thyc nghiem Kon Ha Nimg:
Ciy con Xoay sau 06 thing dat chidu cao 40cm,
TAP CHi KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009 1089
LAM SINH ciy sinh trudng tdt.
- Vudn uom Tram Thuc nghidm Pleiku: Ciy con Xoay sau 06 thing chi cao 15-20cm, sinh trudng y du va cd hidn tugng chdt va bdnh
Qua vide thir nghidm gieo uom, thiy ring Xoay chi thfch hgp vdi dit dai va khf hiu vimg rimg thudng xanh, vide dua Xoay ra trdng d viing sinh thii khic cd thd se rit khd khin.
KET LUAN
- Xoay la ciy ban dia cd gii tri kinh td cao, qua Xoay la ngudn thu nhip kha ldn ddi vdi ndng din viing Kon Hi Nitng.
- Xoay phin bd tit nhifen d kidu riing nhiet ddi im thudng xanh, dd cao dudi 1000m, Xoay ua nai dit thip, dm nhung thoat nudc.
- Xoay thudc nhdm loii ciy iru th6 trong kidu rimg nhifet ddi im thudng xanh ciing vdi Gidi, SSa, Vang trting, cd thd trdng hdn giao Xoay vdi Nhgc, Trim. Nhung Xoay l i loai ciy sinh trudng chim.
- Khi nang tai sinh tu nhifen cua Xoay la trung binh, ciy con Xoay tai sinh la ciy chiu bdng khi nho. Vide tao ciy con trong vudn ucrm Ii rit cd tridn vgng. Rit khd di dua Xoay ra trdng ngoai viing sinh thii tu nhidn.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO
Nguydn Vin Chien va nhidu tic gia, 1985. Tiy Nguyen, cac didu kien M nhidn va tai nguydn thidn nhien.
Nha xuit ban Khoa hgc Ky thuat,.
Nguydn Hoang Nghla, 1997. Nghich ly ciy ban dia. Tap chf lim nghiep sd 8/1997.
Tran Nggc ITiing va cdng sy, 2004. Quy boach ba loai rimg Tiy Nguyen. Phin vien Didu tra vi Quy boach rimg Nam Trung bd vaTiy Nguyen.
Vien Khoa hgc Lim nghiep Vidt Nam, Ca quan Hgp tic Qudc tc'Nhit Ban (Jica), 2002. Sit dung cay ban dia vao trdng rdng d Vict Nam. Nhi xuat ban Ndng nghifip.
Nguydn Ba Chat, Hoang Van Thing, 2005. Nghidn ciiu xiy dung md hinh trong rimg hdn loai bang cic loai ciy la rgng ban dia tren dit rimg thoii hda d cic tinh phfa Bic. Tai lieu hdi thao.
Hoang Xuan Ty, Nguydn Ddc Minh, 2005. Nghien cihi mdt so die diem sinh ly, sinh thii ciy Huynh vi cay Gidi xanh lam ca sd xay dyng cac giai phap ky thuit giy trdng. Tai lieu hgi thao.
Bao Huy va cong sy, 1997. Nghien ciru mdt sd die diem sinh thii vi sinh trdng loai ciy ban dia Xoan Mgc lim ca sd td chiic kinh doanh lai lim Udng Quang Tin, huyen Dik R'lap, Dak Lik. Bio cio khoa hgc.
Bui Doan, 2001. Nhdm sinh thai trong riing la rgng thdng xanh Kon I la Nimg. Tai lidu hdi thio.
Nguydn Bi Chit, 2001. Lam giau rimg dTiy Nguyen. Tai lieu bdi thao.
RESEARCH ON PLANTING PROBABILITY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIALIUM COCHINECHIENSIS PIERRE IN GIA LAI
Bui Thanh Hang, Ngo Van Cam
Silvicultural Techniques Research Division Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
SUMMARY
Dialium cochinechiensis Pierre is a native forest tree species, its wood is highly economically valuable, and is durable, red-brown in color, smooth, and water and termite resistant. Tlic wood is used for many different purposes. Fruit can be used as traditional a medicine by soaking in alcohol. It is a non-timber forest product, being gready used by local people in Gia Lai Province.
In mixed evergreen broadleaf forest of elevation zone of lower than 800m, Dialium cochinechiensis is considered to belonging lo the "ecological species group", accounted for 50% of stem abundance. This species prefers to be evenly distributed in natural forest, and fruits annually with a stable yield. The yield is dependant on climate conditions and its yielding cycle.
Key words: Dialium cochinechiensis. Ecological characteristics. Planting probability
1090 TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009
