NGHIEN ClJfU-TRAO Ddi
NGHIEN CLfU DE XUAT CONG NGHE CHIET TACH DAU BQ BANG PHU'QNG PHAP LY TAM
RESEARCH ON THE TECHNOLOGY TO EXTRACT AVOCADO OIL BY CENTRIFUGAL METHOD
Dang Thiin N g d n \ Tdn That Tin^
' Trudng Dai hpe Su pham Ky thudt TR Ho Chi Minh
^TrUdng Cao ddng Cdng nghe Thu Diic.
TOM TAT
Ddu bo CO gid tri dinh diidng cao vd tot cho sdc khoe [1, 2], do ddu bd rdt gidu cdc vitamin A, E, K, cung vdi cdc khodng chat Kali, Photpho, LUu huynh vd Cio. Ben canh do, sii dung ddu hd co the giup tdng cUdng ddp dng miin dich vd ldm gidm huyit dp do no gidu chdt beo khong bdo hoa ddn. 0 niidc ta hien nay, viec sdn xudt ddu hd da dUdc thd nghiem thdnh cong trong phong thi nghiem vd dUa tren nguyen ly ep [3j. Bdi bdo trinh bdy cdc ke't qud nghien cdu cong nghe chiet tdch ddu bd bang phitdng phdp ly tdm cho cdc doanh nghiep vda vd nho.
Tii khda: Thit bO, chiet tdch, ly tdm, ddu bd.
ABSTRACT
Avocado oil has high nutrients and many health benefits due to the high value of vitamin A,D,C, E.. as well as minerals such as magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine. Using this oil can beneficial immune-boosting and beneficial in lowering the blood pressure, as it contains high value of monounsaturatedfats [1, 2]. In Viet Nam the manufacturing avocado oil has succeeded in the laboratory scale by using the pressure method [3j. This article presents the results of experimental extraction of oil from avocado by using centrifugal method for small and medium enterprises.
Keywords: Avocado flesh, extract oil, centrifuge, avocado od.
I.DATVANDE
Cay bo co ten khoa hpe Id Persea ameri- cana vd ten tilng Anh Id Avocado 11 ], la mdt Ioai cay nhi^t ddi va can nhiet ddi. 6 nUde ta, edy bP dupc trdng rpng rai tai cac tinh Dong Nai, Lam Ddng, DakLak, Gia Lai,...Chi rilng d DakLak da cd 2.694 ha di|n tich trdng bo vdi sdn lUpng qua
bo dgt tren 40.410 tan/miia [4]. Hinh 1: Qud bd
^
TAP CH( CO K H J V I £ T NAM V S6 4 (Thang 4 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODd
6 Viet Nam, qua bP thudng dupe dung de an tuoi vd viec kinh doanh qua bP tUPi cd hieu qua kinh te thap [4]. Trong khi do, lipid trong qud bo Id hon hpp eua nhflng acid beo chat lUpng eao W3, W6, W9; dau bP eung cap cac vitamin A, E, K, ciing vdi eac khoang ehat Kali, Phdt pho, LUu huynh va Cio giiip eP the ngan ngiia benh tim, Uc che khdi u. Ngoai ra, dau bo dUpc danh gia Id mdt trong nhflng loai dau ed gia tri dinh dUdng cao, tot eho siic khoe dong thdi la ngudn nguyen lieu cho cdng nghiep che bien my pham [1, 2].
Gan ddy, cde doanh nghiep va ede trUdng dai hpe trong nUdc da cd nhieu co gdng nhdm lam tang gid tri eua qua bp qua viec lay dau tU qud bo. Tuy nhien, viec san xuat dau bp chi mdi dUPe thfl nghiem thanh cdng trong phdng thi nghiem vadUatren nguyen lyep 13]. Bdi bao trinh bay ket qua nghien eilu de xuat edng nghe san xuat dau bo eho eac doanh nghiep vfla va nho dUa tren eo sd chiet tdeh bang phUong phap Iy tam. Ngodi ra, cdc thdng sd can thiet de thiet ke mdy ly tdm phuc vu chiet tach ciing dd dUpe xde dinh vd de nghi.
2. N O I D U N G NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Cac phuong phdp chilt tdch dau bd
Chiet tdeh dau bP co the sfl dung nhieu phuong phdp khac nhau:
- PhUdng phdp ep: Nen ep the tich thit bP de tdch dau bP bdng ede Ioai may nhfl may ep thuy lUc |3], may ep true vit 16], may ep true can.
ben ngoai [7].
Trong ede phUPng phdp tren, hai phUong phdp dau thit b o dflpc nghien de pha vd cau triic te bdo nguyen lieu chfla dau va gia nhiet de pha vd lien ket tU nhien gifla phan beo vd phan khong beo, giup dau thodt ra d dang tU do. Hien nay, hai phUPng phdp nay chi difng lai d miie thi nghiem, chUa thiet ke thdnh may hodn ehinh de dUa vao sfl dung trong thflc te. Rieng phUPng phdp trich ly ddi hdi trinh dp cdng nghe vd thiet bi tfl ddng hoa d miic cao.
2.2. Xdc dinh thdng so chilt tach dau bd bang phuong phap ly tam
Chiet tdeh dau bP bang phflpng phap ep cd nhugc diem la hieu suat thu hdi dau thap, tyle phe pham cao 13]; chiet tdeh dau bP bang phUdng phdp trich ly ddi hdi thiet bi dUpc cP gidi hdava tu ddng hda hodn todn [7]. De cd the de xuat cong nghe chiet tdeh dau bp bang phflong phdp Iy tam vdi thiet bi cd cong suat cd trung, phuc vu cho cac CP sd sdn xuat dau b o ed quy mo viia vd nho cfe tien hanh cdc thi nghiem de xdc dinh eac thdng sd. Qua dd, danh gia tinh khd thi va de xuat quy trinh cdng nghe sdn xuat dau bP ciing nhii thift ke may Iy tam chuyen dimg.
Muc dieh cac thi nghiem: Nham xdc dinh pham vi van tdc (n^^^, n^^^), thdi gian tdi Uu de chiet tdeh dUpc dau bo bang phUPng phap Iy tam.
2.2.1. Chudn hi nguyen lieu thi nghiem
- PhUOngphdp ly tdm: Tdeh pha long, pha Nguyen lieu thi nghiem Id hon hpp thit bfl ran tU thit bP bdng mdy ly tam de tdeh dau bo [7, va trau (gpi tat Id hdn hop) gdm 80% thit b(J va 8]- 20% trau [3]. Chuan bi mau theo quy trinh sau;
- PhUOngphdp trich ly: Trieh Iy dau dUpc thflc hien dfla tren dde tinh hda tan tot cua dau thUc vat trong cac dung mdi hflu cp (thfldng la hexan). Viee chuyen dau phdn bo ben trong cting nhfl mat ngodi khdi nguyen lieu thit b o vdo pha long eua dung mdi la mot qua trinh truyen khdi xay ra trong ldp chuyen dpng, dUa vdo sU chenh lech ndng do dau trong nguyen lieu vd ddng chdy
- Ltia chgn qua b o sdp chin de cd dii^c lugng dau cao nhat [4];
- R^a nham lam sach ede tgp chat bam tren vd;
- Boc tdch vd vd hat de lay thit bd [5];
- Nghien de phd huy triet de nhflng tebao nguyen lieu nham gidi phdng dau d dang til dft tao cho nguyen lieu cd hinh ddng vd kich thUdt TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM V S6 4 (Thdng 4 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OpI
dong deu, giiip dau thodt ra de dang vd h i l u suat thu ddu thu cao;
- Sdy de ldm bay bdt hdi nUde (thit b o chfla 73% nudc);
- Trgn trau de tgo dp rong tang hieu suat thu dau;
- Gia nhiet de tang hieu suat thu dau;
Mau dupc chpn la hon hpp da neu dUpc thUc hien theo quy trinh tren vdi khoi Iflpng 2 kg/
thi nghiem (1,6 kg thit bd).
2.2.2. Thiet bi thi nghiem
- Mdy Iy tdm: Cd dUdng kinh rd-to Id 200mm, chilu cao ro-to la 350mm, sd vdng quay ldn nhat cua rd-to Id 2690 vdng/phiit, dpng co ed edng suat P = 0,75kW.
- Thi nghiem 1: Xdc dinh toe dp quay nhd nhat n .
- Thi nghiem 2: Xac dinh toe dp quay ldn nhat n^^.
' Thi nghiem 3: Xdc dinh thdi gian tdi Uu ling vdi tdc dp quay Idn nhat n^^ de chilt tdch ddu b p bang phfldng phap Iy tam. Khi thi nghiem, thay doi thdi gian tfl 4 den 10 phut, moi lan 1 phut.
Trong thi nghiem 1 vd 2, thflc hien Iy tdm mau vdi tdc do n = 400-2400 vdng/phut, toe dp quay dUpc thay doi bdng bien tan. Cng vdi moi tdc dp quay lap lai thi nghiem 3 Ian, ghi nhan ket qud vd xfl ly tinh todn.
2.2.4. Ket qud thi nghiem
- Thi nghiem 1: Xac dinh toe dp nhd nhat de chiet tdeh dau bd n^^^^.
Kit qua thi nghiem (bang 1) eho thay, tdc dp nhd nhat de cd the chiet tdch dau bd la n^^^=
788 vdng/phut (flng vdi van tdc vdng v^^^ = 8,248 m/s).
- Thi nghiem 2: xdc dinh tdc dd ldn nhat de chiet tach dau bd n ^^.
Bdng 1: Ke't qud xdc dinh n^^^^^
Hinh 2: Mdy ly tdm thi nghiim.
• Can dien tfl cd dp chinh xdc tdi 0,lg.
- Biln tan dung de dieu chinh toe dp quay ciia dpng ca, Siemens MicroMaster 420 vdi dien dp dau vdo 200V - 240V 1 AC.
- Mdy do tdc dp diing de do sd vdng quay cua dpng Cd, DT - 1236L.
2.2.3. TiSn hdnh thi nghiem
ThUc hien 3 thi nghi&m de xdc dinh cac thdng sd chilt tdch dau bd bdng phUdng phdp Iy tdm nhu sau:
HI
1
2
3
4
3
Lin
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
T6ca»
f l
(»g/ph) 400 400 400 500 500 500 600 600 600 700 700 700 788 788
Thil gian t (phut)
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
thu (fi/pc (g) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 9,2 788 j 5 1 10.5
Li/9ng diiu trung blnh (9)
0
0
0
0
>,a
TAP CHl CO KHf VIET NAM S6 4 (Thang 4 nam 2013)
NGHIEN C U U - T R A O D O I
Thi>
1
2
3
4
5
6 L ^
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Bdng 2; Kef gufl xoc ifi«/i n^
n (vg/ph)
1900 1900 1900 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 2100 2 1 8 0 2 1 8 0 2180 2300 2300 2300 2400 2400 2400
Then gian t (phut)
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
L i / g ^ g d S u thu d i / o c (g) 369,7 370,8 371,3 377,4 378,6 379,2 386,1 387,2 388,3 393,5 394,4 395,1 394,6 395,9 395,7 396 395,8 396,2
L i r a n g dSu trung b i n h
(9)
370,6
378,4
387,2
394,3
395.4
396 1
Qua bdng 2 ta thay, trong thi nghiem 2.5, 2.6 lupng dau trung binh thu dUpc cd cao hpn so vdi thi nghiem 2.4 nhUng khdng dang ke. Do do, ta xac dinh tdc dp Idn nhat de chiet tach dau bP la .1^^= 2180 vdng/phut (flng vdi van toe vdng v
= 22,817 m/s).
- Thi nghiem 3: xac dinh thdi gian chiet tdch dau bd d toe dp n = 2180 v/ph.
Bdng 3: Ket qud xdc dmh thdi gian
Thi>
1
2
3
4
5 LAn
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
T6c<J$
(vg/ph) 2 1 8 0 21S0 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180
T h 6 i g i a n t (phut)
4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 a
LifO'ngdau thu Suae (9) 379,9 380,6 380,7 385,8 386,6 386,2 393,3 394.4 395,2 394,3 393 395 394,8 394,2 393,6
L u c m g d S u trung binh (g)
380,4
386,2
394,3
394,1
394.2
Ket qua thi nghiem d bang 3 cho thay, d thi ngliiem 3.4 vd 3.5 dii cd tang thdi gian thi lUdng dau bo thu dupc tang khdng ddng kl. NhU vay, vdi tdc dp n ^ 2180 vong/phut vd thdi gian t = 6 phiit thi lUpng dau bd thu dUpc la ldn nhat.
2.2.5. Bdnh gid tinh khd thi
- Qua cac thi nghiem ta thay cd the sil dung phuong phap ly tam de chiet tach dau tU qua bO.
- Lupng dau thu dflpc dao dpng trong khoang 380 - 395,6g/1,6kg thit bd dat 23,75 - 24,73%.
-Pham vi van tdc vong de chiet tach dau be* la
^'^^^ - 8,248 m/s, v'^^^= 22,817 m/s.
- Thdi gian chiet tach tdi Uu t = 6 phiit.
- Dau bd thu dUpc cd ti le beo chiem 91,2%
(ket qua phan tich tai Trung tam Dich vu Phan tich Thi nghiem TR Hd Chi Minh).
3. KET LUAN
Cong nghe chiet tach dau bd bang phiiOng phap ly tam cd tinh kha thi cao va phii hdp cho san xuat cong nghiep. Sd do cong nghe chilt tdch ddu ba bdng phfldng phap ly tam dUpc trinh bay d hinh 3.
Trong cdng nghe nay can chu y nhung cong do?n sau:
- Nghien den khi nguyen lieu cd hinh dangva kich thudc dong deu, dau thoat ra de dang vd hi^u sufi thu dau cao.
- Say vdi nhiet do la 65°C vdi thdi gian 60 phiit de lam bay bdt hdi nUdc, tao dieu kien thudn ldi cho qua trinh ly tam, do am con lai la 20% .
- Trgn trau de tang Iflpng chat xd va tang hi^u suat thu dau, ti le trau 20% [31.
- Gia nhiet dnhi^t dp 80°C den khi dp am con lai 10%, gia nhiet giiip lUpng chat khd tang len, tang Iflc ma sat din den hi^u suat thu ddu cao.
TAP C H i CO KHi VIET NAM • S6 4 (Thdng 4 nam 2013)
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO e 6 l
m ..^
^ \gy
•
^
r^ "
'V 1
1 1. Chpn qua
1 2. RCra i
i 3, Bovovat^ch
i
4. Nghi&n
1 5. Say i
1 1 6,TrOntrau
i 1 7,Gianhi$t
1
8. Ly tam i 9, Dau tho ), Loc, ly tam, i XLF ly
Diuba i
Dfla tren cdng nghe da dUdc de xuat, cd the tinh todn va thiet ke mdy ly tdm ddu bp loai mdy Iy tam thudng ldm viee gidn doan de Ung dung trong thflc te vdi cdng suat thiet ke 500 Ht/
ca nhu sau:
The tich rd-to: 110 Ht (du kien dfldng kinh D = 530 mm, chieu cao H = 500 mm);
- Sd vdng quay true rd-to: 780 - 825 vdng/
phflt;
- Cdng suat tinh todn khoang 270kg thit bd/gid, tfldng duong 64 lit dau bp/gid. •
Ngdy nhdn bai: 03/3/2013 Ngdy phdn bien: 12/4/2013
NgUdi phan bien: PGS, TS. TrUdng Ngoc Thuc, TrUdng Cao d i n g Viln Ddng,
Tai lieu tham khao:
Hinh 3: Sd dd cdng nghe chiet tdch ddu bd bdng phUOngphdp ly tdm.
[l\. A. W, Whiley, B. Schaffer, B. N. Wolstenholme, Avocado: Botany, Production and Uses, CABI Publishing, 2002,
[2], Chuang trinh phat trien MBI - GTZ SME, Phdn tich ehudi gid tri bd DakLak, Sd Khoa hoc va Cong nghe DakLak.
[3]. Phan The Dong, Nguyen Thi Le Hfldng, Nghien cdu xdc dinh mot so thong so ky thudt trong qud trinh chiit xudt ddu tdqud bd bdngphUdngphdp ep, Trfldng Dai hoc Nong Lam TR Ho Chi Minh. 2006.
[4]. Trinh Tien Minh, Phdt trien bd trdi DdkLdk, Sd Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe DdkLdk, Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe, Tap san sd 03, 2006.
[5]. Dang Thien Ngon, Nguyen Minh Huy, Nghien cdu, thiet ki'vd che tao mdy tdch thit bd. Tap chi Cd khi VietNam, 86 6,2012.
16], Ho Viet Binh, Nghien cdu thiet ke thiet bi ep de chiit xudt ddu td qud bd, Trildng Dai hoc Sfl pham Ky thuat TP Ho Chi Minh, 2010.
I7l. Nguyen Quang Lpc, Le van Thach, Nguyen Nam Vinh, Ky thudt ep ddu vd che biin ddu, md thUc pham.
NXB. KHKT, 1993.
18]. Alfa Laval Corporate AB, Alfa Laval technology for processing olive oil, Alfa Laval Corporate AB, 2004,
TAP CHi c n KHi V I £ T NAM V Sd 4 (Thang 4 ndm 2013)
