SCIENCETECHNOLOGYl
NGHIEN CUfU THIET KE CHE TAO MAYTHU TfN HIEU BANGTANL
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A L-BAND TRANSCEIVER
D a n g Thi Thanh Thuy, Bach Gia Ducfng
Tom tat
Viec trao doi thfing tin trong quan ly hSng khong la mot nhi^m vu quan trgng. Bdi vay, trong he thong nhan biet chij quyen quoc gia, ben canh he thong phat ma hoi vdi tan so song mang la 1030MHz, can co mgt he thong thu tan so de kiem tra tfn hieu ma doi tuong bay thu difOc va he thong thu tram mat dat xac djnh ducrc may bay nudc nao cung nhu mot so thong tin ve may bay do. Trong bai bao nay chiing toi de cap den cac ket qua nghien ciiu, thiet ke che tao may thu bang tan L vdi do nhay cao, bang thong rong va cac modun trang he thfing duflc thiet ke nho ggn thuan tien cho cfing tac ling dung trong h i thong quan ly hang khong.
Abstract
Two-way secure query Interrogation is a crufial task in air navigation Therefore, except an uplink part usually operating at 1030 IVlHz, there is also a transceiver part needed in the system which aims at determination of nationality and information of alrcrafts. Here the authors present recent results of this study, design and fabrication of a highly sensitive, compact and flexibly modulated, wide bandwidth L transceiverforthe purpose ofapplication in air navigation.
TS.flangThiThanhThily-KhoaVatly,TnftmgflHKHTN,BHQGHN PGS.TS Bach Gia Difong -Trung tSm Nghien ciJu Mn tif&Vien thong, Tnitmg BH Cong nghe,BHQG HN
E-mail: [email protected]
Ngaynhanbai: 26/08/2013 Ngay chap nhin dang: 05/10/2013
1.GI<3iTHf£U
Bio ve chu quyen qudc gia la mdt nhiem vu dac biet quan trpng doi vdi moi quoc gia trong c l thdi chien lan thdi binh. Viet Nam la quoc gia dang trong giai doan phat then, cdng nghe con lac hau. Trong thdi ky md cda hdi nhap qudc te, ben canh nhdng co hoi con chda ddng khdng ft nhdng rui ro.
Mdt trong nhdng he thdng b i o ve an ninh quoc gia, an toan dadng khdng va tang cudng sa phat trien kinh te trong c i dan sa lan quan sii la he thdng nhan biet ma chu quyen quoc gia.
He thdng q u l n ly khdng lUu (Air Traffic Management - ATM) ed the hieu la q u i n ly sU lau thong cua may bay di chuyen tren khdng[1]. Oe dam b i o an toan va hieu qua cho cae chuyen bay can phai cd su dieu hanh eua bd phan kiem soat khdng luu dUdi mat dat nhd sU ho trp cua cac thiet bj radar.
Tuy nhien, de xac djnh tuyen dadng bay tren khong, eae m i y bay can phai daa vao eac mdc tfn hieu phat len eua eac thiet bj dan dudng. TrUdc nhu cau thac te, khi luu luong bay dat den mdt ngadng nao do, thi ha tang ky thuat
phuc vu quan ly khdng luu hien nay se khong du an toan va hieu qua de dap ang yeu cau cCia quan ly khdng lUu.
Nam 1983, to ehdc hang khdng dan dung qudc te ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) da tien hanh nghien cdu tim g i l i p h i p eho van d^
nay.
Trong he thdng nhan biet ma xac djnh chu quyen qude gia, p h l i ke den SLf ho trp dac luc cua thiet bi djnh vi vd tuyen (Radar). Thong thadng thiet bj nay hoat ddng d tan so rat cao va tin hieu phan hoi thu dugc rat yeu. De tang dp nhay eua thiet bi dinh vi, ddi hdi sU hoat ddng rat hieu q u i caa bd khueeh dai tap am thap LNA ngay sau anten thu, tiep den la bd tron tan va cudi eung la xd li tfn hieu nham phat hien, do dae va phan loai doi tapng.
2. T6NG QUAN Hg T H 6 N G Mpt may bay dupc trang bi bp phat d i p ehe dp 5 khi bay vao pham vi tham dd cua thiet bi tham dd che dp S se nhan dupc mdt tin hieu tham dd. Bd phat dap trong he thdng dieu khien eu (ATCRBS) se t r i Idi vdi mot djnh dang tra Idi chuan, trong khi dd bp p h i t dap che dd S se tra Idi vdi dinh dang mode S bao gom 24 bits dja chi. Sa tham dd may bay dUpc trang bj ehe dp mode S bao gdm tradng chi thi, trUdng nay cd the ducyc khda lai khi bd phat dap mode-S gap tin hieu tham do mode-A/
C/S all-call.Tin hieu tham dd mode-/VC
S O 2 1 . 2 0 1 4 • TapchiKHOAHOC&.CQNGNGHE | 4 7
•ilHiWJiitlilCONG NGHE
khdng bi anh hadng bdi tfn hieu khda nay vl vay bd phat dap mode S se tra Idi theo mpi hudng. Neu trUdng dia ehi eua nefi den cd cac bit deu la 1 thi tat ca cac bp phat dap mode S se tra Idi tin hieu tham dd nay va dua ra dja chf cua chung[5].
Mdt chu ky truyen phat cua bp phat dap dape b i t dau khi bd phat nhan dupc mpt tin hieu tham dd. Bp phat dap tiep nhan va xae dinh xem cd dUpc chap nhan hay khdng. Neu dUpc chap nhan, nd se xd ly tfn hieu tham dd dape va xae lap tfn hieu tra Idi. Chu ky truyen phat se ket thuc khi mdt dieu kien can thiet cho viec chap nhan bj loi hoac khi tin hieu tham dd dUpc chap nhan nhung khdng yeu cau t r i Idi hoac la qua trinh truyen tin hieu tra Idi da hoan thanh.
Ma ICAO duoc quy djnh tfn hieu hdi sddung tan sdsdng mang la 1030MHz, tin hieu t r i Idi sd dung tan so sdng mang la 1090MHz. He thdng thu nhan ma tram mat dat dugc mo ta nhU hinh 1. Anten thu: hoat dpng d bang tan L tan sd trung tam la 1090MHz, Bd khueeh dai tap am thap (LNA): la mdt modul khueeh dai dae biet, sd dung trong cac he vd tuyen de khueeh dai nhdng tin hieu rat yeu thu dupe t d anten. Nd thudng dugc dat rat gan anten thu de giam thieu suy hao. Khi sddung bd khueeh dai nay d m i y thu, on nhieu cua nhdng tang sau se dape g i i m . Viec sd dung LNA la can thiet de tang edng suat tin hieu mong muon, cdn tap nhieu se dape xU ly d nhdng tang tiep theo. Bp tao dao ddng ngoai sai cd nhiem vu phat ra tin hieu eao tan. Bp trdn tan hay bp d i o tan xudng ve ban chat bp dao tan len va xudng la giong nhau, chf khac tin hieu dau vao va vi tri sd dung. Neu nha bd dao tan len dugc sd dung d khoi phat thi bp dao tan xuong dugc che tao de dung cho khdi thu. Tfn hieu cao tan RF khi qua bd nay se dUPe ehuyen ve tin hieu trung tan IF mang thdng tin. Bd khueeh
V ' Bokluiechdai tap am thap
Bo tao dao dong
B6 khueeh dai tning (an Loga
Bo dieu klitcn he so Idiiiech dai tir dong
theo thcti gian
Hinh 1. So do khoi cua he thong thu tfn hieu ma nhan biet chu quyen quoc gia
(a) So do nguyen ly mach khueeh dai tap am thap
Hinh 2. Mach khueeh dai tap am thap d a i t r u n g t a n L o g a c d d l l r o n g v a t u y e n t i n h h o a t h e o t f n h i e u . B p d i e u k h i e n h e sd k h u e e h d a i t u d d n g t h e o t h d i g i a n n h a m ed d u p e h e s d k h u e e h d a i t h f c h h p p t a i m p i v i t r i d o m y c t i e u , v i m y e t i e u k h d n g d d n g y e n m a d i c h u y e n l u c ra xa l u c lai g a n . Bo t a c h s d n g c d n h i e m v u t a c h lay t h o n g t i n m o n g m u d n .
3 . Kir Q U A T H L T C N G H I | I V 1 [ 3 , 4 ] H i n h 2 , b d k h u e e h d a i t a p a m t h a p s d d y n g JFET l o a i S P F - 3 0 4 3 d U p c t f n h t o a n m o p h d n g t r e n p h a n m e m A D S ( h i n h 2a) v a d U p c e h e t a o t r e n m a c h t h u c t e ( h i n h 2 b ) .
d t a n s d 1 0 9 0 M H z k h i c d n g s u a t v a o t a - 8 0 d B m t h i t i sd g i d a c d n g s u a t t i n h i e u t r e n c d n g s u a t t a p a m v a o e d 1,5. H i n h 3 la k e t q u a k h a o sat b l n g m a y p h a n t i e h p h d e h o t h a y b p k h u e e h d a i t a p a m t h a p c o h e s d k h u e e h d a i t r e n 2 0 d B t r e n e l d a i t a n s d t U 1 0 3 0 M H z d e n 1 0 9 0 M H z . D a i t a n h o a t d d n g c u a b d k h u e e h d a i t a p a m t h a p t u o n g d o i r d n g ( h i n h 3a).
(b] Mach khueeh dai tap am thSp thuc nghiem
(a) Dai t^n hoat dgng dia bo khueeh dai tap am thap
MHz
(b) He so khueeh dai theo cfing suat vao & tin so 1090 MHz
Hinh 3. Cacitet qua khao sat mach khueeh dai tap am thap
K h d i d a o d d n g t a i c h o h a y b d t o h c ^ t a n so ( h i n h 4) d u p c t h i e t k e v a c h e t?o d a a t r e n IC A D F 4 1 1 3 . T a n s d c h u a n dila v a o IC A D F 4 1 1 3 d u p c l a y t a d a o d d n g t h a e h a n h v d i d p o n d j n h c a o . Vi mach
481 Tapdii'KHOAHpC&CONGNGHE. S o 2 1 . 2 0 1 4
SCIENCETECHNOLOGYl
a) IC A0F4113 b) Bo tao dao dong tai cho Hinh 4. Bo tao dao dong tai cho dung phuong phap mach vong bam pha
a)Sc(d6 nguyen ly bfi tron Hinh 5. Mach trfin tan
A D F 4 1 1 3 dugc g h e p n o i v d i vi d i e u k h i e n AT89C51 cOa h a n g A T M E L d e t h a y d d i t a n so p h i t c u a b d t o h p p t a n s d . Vi d i e u k h i e n d u p c l a p t r i n h d e n h a n b i e t c o n g t i c d a p e b a m , s d l i e u d u p e n h a p t U b a n p h f m , h i e n t h j t h o n g b i o q u a LCD va t h i i c h i e n c h d e n a n g q u a n t r p n g la t r u y e n m a d i e u k h i e n t a n so t d i IC A D F 4 1 1 3 l a m t h a y d d i t a n s d p h a t c u a b d t d h c ^ t a n sd.
Tap h p p 4 c h u y e n m a c h d a p e s a d y n g d e c h p n t a n s o p h a t c o d j n h , t a o n g d n g v d i 4 c h u y e n m a c h la 4 t a n so p h a t 1030 M H z , 1 0 5 0 M H z , 1 0 7 0 M H z , 1 0 9 0 M H z . Oe c h p n t a n s d p h a t ra t u y y, b p t d h P p t a n s d d U p c t r a n g b j t h e m b a n p h i m . T r e n b a n p h f m ed 10 p h i m t U P n g d n g v d i cac sd t d 0-9 va 1 p h f m # d e t h o n g b a o k e t t h u c v i e c n h a p s d l i e u . Q u a t r i n h n h a p s d lieu c u n g n h a t a n s d p h a t h i e n t h d i c u a b d t d h p p t a n s d ducjc t h d n g b a o q u a m a n h i n h h i e n t h i LCD. Sau k h i n h a n m a d i e u k h i e n t a n s d , b d t a o d d n g c i i a IC A D F 4 1 1 3 se s i n h ra m d t d d n g d i e n t r e n
b) Mach tron
c h a n CP (chan 2). D d n g d i e n nay q u a d i e n t r d duac e h u y e n t h a n h d i e n a p va d u p e d u a q u a b d loe la m a c h RC, t i e p d o la q u a k h d i k h u e e h dai s d d u n g IC LF356 d e c h u y e n d i e n a p d i e u k h i e n VCO t d i gia t r i t U o n g d n g v d i d a i t a n sd c a n p h a t . M a c h d a o d p n g tai c h o d u p c d i e u c h f n h p h a t d t a n s d I O S O M H z .
B d t r d n d u n g T r a n s i s t o r s o d d n g u y e n l y t r e n c d t h e dugc c h i a l a m b a k h d i n h d : k h d i t h U n h a t la m a c h t r d n v d i t r a n s i s t o r Q l ( 2 s e 2 3 5 3 ) ; k h d i t h U h a i la m d t t a n g k h u e e h d a i t r u n g t a n 6 0 M H z , v d i t r a n s i s t o r Q 2 ( 2 s c 5 3 5 ) ; k h d i t h U b a g o m c a c L , C d a p e m a c t h e o k i e u Ipc t h d n g d a i C h e b y s h e v . T i n h i e u d a o d d n g n g o a i q u a n sat t r e n m a y p h a n t f c h p h d A d v a n t e s t R 3 7 6 5 C G N e t w o r k A n a l y z u 3 0 0 K H z - 3,8 G H z e h o t h a y , d i n h p h d t f n h i e u t a n s d 1 0 3 0 M H z k h a sac n e t b i e n d p 3 , 0 9 d B m ( h i n h 4 e ) .
T i e p d o c h u n g t d i t h i e t ke va c h e t a o b d t r d n ( h i n h 5 ) . M u c d i c h c h e t a o
c) Tin hieu dao dpng ngoai sai
m d t b d t r d n h a i t a n sd Idi v a o l a n l u p t la: 1 0 9 0 M H z c d c d n g s u a t p h a t la - 2 0 d B m (RF) va 1 0 3 0 M H z c d m U c c d n g s u a t t d O d e n - 5 d B m (LO), d e t h u d u p e Idi ra la h i e u h a i Idi v a o c d t a n s d la 6 0 M H z , c d n g s u a t I d n h o n - 1 0 d B m .
T i n h i e u d a u v a o 1 0 9 0 M H z d U p c t r d n g v d i t f n h i e u d a o d d n g t a i c h o 1 0 3 0 M H z , t f n h i e u s a u b p t r d n q u a m a y p h a n t i c h p h d c h o ra n h i e u h d a b a n h U n g t a n s d 6 0 M H z e d d f n h p h d c a o n h a t (-4,04 dB).
Hinh 6. Tfn hieu ra sau bg trfin tmng dai tif 0 den 300MHz
N h u vay, d a c o t f n h i e u t r d n t h a n h 6 0 M H z (la h i e u cCia h a i t a n s d l o i v a o ) . T a n g k h u e e h d a i t r u n g t a n IF e d h e s d k h u e e h d a i la k h o a n g 13 d B . H a i k h u n g LC d u o c m a c t h e o c a u t r u e l o c t h d n g d a i k i e u C h e b y s h e v d e l a m g i a m a n h h u d n g c u a cac h a i k h d n g m o n g m u d n ( c d c d n g s u a t n h d h o n - 2 0 d B m ) .
H i n h 7, b d k h u e e h d a i t r u n g t a n s d
So 2 1 . 2 0 1 4 •Tapdif KHOA HOC&CONG NGHE'49
msssssssc CONG NGHE
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7 X , ^ . Hinh 7. Mach khueeh dai trung tan
%-
a) Su do mach tach song Hinh 8. Mach tach song
dyng AD8009, la mpt IC khueeh dai linh hoat cd tdc dp khueeh dai sieu cao, rat ly tudng dijng trong khueeh dai xung
Mach khueeh dai trung tan dat he sd khueeh dai 30 dB d tan sd 60 MHz.
Bp tach sdng pha dape thiet ke bang phan mem Protel99 SE3. Mach
1 ta
tach sdng pha (hinh 8) cd ngudn nudi la+12V, bien the dupe dieu ehinh d tan sd cdng hUdng la 60 MHz. Ldi ra cua bd tach sdng, chung tdi thu dUOc xung thdng tin (hinh 8b), cae thdng sd cua tin hieu thdng tin taong ddi trung thac vdi tfn hieu ban dau.
Bd dieu khien he sd khueeh dai ty ddng theo thdi gian, vl sU kho khan ve linh kien thiet ke chung tdi xin dupc trinh bay trong nhdng cdng bd tiep theo.
4. KET LUAN
Chung toi da che tao thanh cdng cae khdi cO b i n trong he thdng thu tin hieu d bang tan L. Viec nghien cdu hoan ehinh he thdng se md ra dng dyng eho khdi thu nhan tin hieu tra Idi trong he thdng nhan biet chu quyen qudc gia.
Phan bien khoa hoc: PCS .TS Hoang Nam Nhat
T/hl UEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Nguyen Thi Xuan My, He thong thong tin, dan diidng, giam sat phuc vu qutin ly khong lifu CNS/
ATM, Tap chi Buu chinh Vien thong, 27/07/2007, [2] GS.TSKH Phan Anh, Giao trinh lythuye'tva^
thuat sieu cao tan, Bp mon Thong tin vfi tuyen, Khoa fiien tli -Vlin thfing, TrUcing Dai hoc Cong nghe.
[3]. David M.Pozar, Microwave engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[4]. W. Alan Davis, Radio Frequency Qroiit Design, John Wiiey & Sons, Inc (2001).
[5]. ICAO, Air Trairfic Control Senrices, Flight Information Service and Alerting Services, IJ Edittion, July 2001 (2001).
HE THONG MAY LANH MINI...
budng xoay qua cac vdi phun, Sd dung hieu dng cua dng xoay cho ele thiet bi lam mat, rat phu hpp vdi cac dng dung cd yeu eau la don gian, gpn nhe va khdng gay dn.
Da nghien cdu tim hieu dupe nguyen ly lam viec cua m i y lanh mini lam mat cho dau tU dan quang dien trd cua ten Ida PKTT, lam ea sd cho viec thiet ke, che tao san pham tai Viet Nam.
Ket qua ehe tao t h d nghiem mdt sd chi tiet quan trong eiia he thdng cho thay cd the lam ehu dUcrc edng nghe che tao he thdng lam lanh nay.
Nhdng ket q u i nghien cdu may lanh mini cho phep md ra djnh hudng nghien cdu dng dung he thdng lanh Joule - Thompson va hieu dng xoay
eho eae thiet bi lam lanh trong edng nghiep, he thdng b i o dn. may lanh, may bay,ten Ida...
Phan bien khoa hoc: TS. Nquven Tuan Hieu
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Pham Le Dan, Bui Hal, Nhiet dong hoc ky thuat, NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat, Ha Nfii, 2005.
[2]. Nguyen Mc Lgi, Pham Van Tuy, Ky thuat lanh CO scf, NXB Giao due, 2006.
[3]. J.E. Lay. An experimental and analytical study of vortex-flow temperature separation by superposition of spiral and axial flow. Part ll. Trans.
ASMEJ. Heat Transfer, 81:213- 222, Aug, 1959.
[4], H. Takahama and H, Yokosawa, Energy separation in vortex tubes with a divergent chamber.
(Tiep theo trongm,
Trans.ASME,J.HeatTransfer,103:196-203,(i/Iay19Bl.
[5]. Giorgio De Vera, The Ranque-Hilsdi Vortex Tuhe, http://berkeley,academia.edu. May 10,2010.
[6]. P.K. Singh, R.G. Tathgir, D. Gangacharyulu, and G S. Grewal, An experimental perfor - mance evaluation of vortex tube, Journal of Institution of Engineers (India), 84:149-153, Jan. 2004.
[7]. M. Kiirosaka, Acoustic streaming in svjitling flow and the Ranque - Hilsch vortex-tube effect,!
Fluid Mech,124'139-172,1982.
[8]. Gutsol. The Ranque effect. Physics-Uspekhl, 40(6)-639-658,1997,
[9]. E. H. AHTOHOB, B E. Vintm, E. A. KoneHiffl, K).B fieTpoBCKHii, A. M. MnpHOB, VcTpoiieTBa AHfl oxna)KAeHiin npHeMHHKOB ii3ny>teHMfl, H^fl.
((MauiHHoerpoeHHeii.JleHHHrpafl. 1969 [10]. http://www.hellotrade.com/honeywell- hymatic/joule-thomson-coolers-cryostats.html
501 TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGH|. So 2 1 . 2 0 1 4
