HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN T H I > 5
NGHIEN CUU BIEN DONG CAU TRUC
MAT DO VA TY L ? T H A N H P H A N CUA
NHOM DONG VAT CHAN KHOfP BE (Mieroarthropoda) TAI KHU CONG NGHIEP XI MANG TIEN SON
VA PHU CAN iTNG HOA, HA N O I
DAO DUY TRINH, DlTOfNG MINH HUE Khoa Sinh-KTNN. Dgi hgc Suphgm Hd Noi 2 VU QUANG MANH Tnrdng Dgi hoc Suphgm Hd Ngi Hien nay, van de d nhiem mdi trudng ndi chung, mdi trudng dat ndi rieng dang la mdi quan tam hang dau khdng chi d Viet Nam, ma cdn d nhieu nude tren the gidi. Do dae dilm dilu kien tu nhien ciia nude ta vdi 3/4 di?n tich la doi niii nen dat dai cd do ddc Idn, eho nen khi cd sir thay ddi ve dieu kien khi hau va sinh thai, dac biet la ldp tham-thuc v^it, dl dSn din hifn tugng x6i mdn, rira trdi, sat Id dat, lam mSt ch5t dinh dudng va chat huu ea. Mat khac do tac dgng tr^rc tiep tiJr hoat ddng ciia con ngudi nhu su tang dan sd, ddi ngheo, ky thuat canh tac khdng hgp ly,... lam bien ddi tinh chat dkt, lam cho dkt khdng cdn tinh nang san xuSt.
Khu cdng nghiep (KCN) xi mang Tien San, Ung Hoa, Ha Ngi la mgt trong nhung KCN ed khu he cdn triing va dgng vat Chan khdp be (Mieroarthropoda) da dang nhung hien nay vin con mdi me, chua cd cdng trinh nghien cuu chuyen sau nao tir trudc tdi nay.
I. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 1. Doi tUQUg nghien cuu
Chan khdp be (Mieroarthropoda) thupc nganh Chan khdp (Arthropoda) sdng d dkt, hai nhom dugc chgn de nghien cuu bao gdm: Acari [Oribatida (O), Gamasina (G), Uropodina (U), Aeari khac (A^)] va Collembola [Poduromorpha (P), Entomobryomorpha (E), Symphypleona (S)].
2. Dia diem va thoi gian ngliien cuu
Nha may xi mang Tien Scm nam tren dja ban xa Hdng Quang, huyen Ung Hda, thanh phd Ha Ngi, cuoi quoc Id 22 dudng di Ha Ddng- Due Khe. Cach trung tam Ha Ngi 50km, ed tong di^n tich ta 650ha tiep giap vdi hai tinh la Ha Nam va Hda Binh,
Tgadgdialytir20''5-20''ll vTdgB5c; 104''50-104''55 kinh dg Ddng.
Dja hinh KCN xi mang Tien San la viing dat thap dan tir Tay sang Ddng. Tuy dien tich khdng rgng nhung nha may vira cd viing ddng bang, viing niii da, viing ddi va song sudi.
Tiln hanh thu mlu d 3 sinh canh bao gdm KCN xi mang Tien Son (KCN), vudn khu dan CU' ngay sat khu cdng nghiep (VQN) va rugng canh tac (RCT) each khu cdng nghiep I km theo hucmg Nam. Thai gian thu mau thang 05 nam 2010.
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH T H A I V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THLf 5 3. Phuong phap nghien cihi
Thu mau dugc tiln hanh theo phuang phap chuan ciia Ghilarov (1975).
M6i sinh canh lAy 2 tang dat (A| 0-lOcm; A2 10-20em) mdi tang lay 5 mau. Tdng so mlu thu dugc 30 mlu, tach dgng vat khdi dat bang pheu Berlese-Tullgren trong thdi gian 7 ngay d dilu kien nhiet dd phdng thi nghiem. Mau vat dugc luu giir tai Phdng Thi nghiem Dgng v^t, Khoa Sinh- KTNN Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi 2.
H. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
I. Mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phan ciJa quan xa Chan khdp be d tang Ai tai khu cong nghiep xi mang Tien Son va viing phu can
1.1. Mat do trung binh vd ty /p thdnh phdn cua qiifin xd Chan khdp be d tdng A/ Igi khu cong nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd viing phu can
Hinh 1 va hinh 2 trinh bay eac sd lieu ve mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phan cua quan xa Chan khdp bed tang A| tai khu cdng nghiep xi mang Tien San va vimg phu can,
D Acaii i l CoUembola D Chung
Rugng
Hinh I. Mat do trung binh ciia quan xa Chdn khap be dtdngAi tai khu cong nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd viing phu can
PS5,6%
DAracri S Collembola RCT Hinh 2. Ty le thdnh phdn cua quan xd Chdn khdp be a tdng A/
tgi khu cdng nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd viing phy can
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Hinh 1 va hinh 2 cho thay: 0 cac sinh canh khac nhau cd sir phan bd ve so lugng cae nhdm phan loai Chan khdp be khac nhau.
Mat do trung binh ciia quan xa Chan khdp be giam dlin tir sinh canh KCN -^ sinh canh RCT
—* sinh canh VQN.
Trong hai nhdm phan loai chinh ciia Chan khdp be, Acari la nhdm ludn cd sd lugng ca the chiem uu the hon so vdi Collembola d mdi sinh canh, cu the:
+ O sinh canh KCN: Acari gap 2 lan so vdi Collembola ve mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phJin (tuang ung: Acari 5360 ca the/m\ chiem 33%).
+ 0 sinh canh VQN: Acari cd sd lugng gap 1,73 !an so vdi Collembola ve mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phSn (tuang ung: Acari 3600 ca theW, chilm 63,3%; Collembola 2080 ca thi/m", chiem 36,7%).
+ d sinh canh RCT: Acari gkp 1,25 lan so vdi Collembola ve mat do trung binh va ty 1?
thanh phan (tuang ung: Acari 3920 ca the/m^ chilm 55,6%; Collembola 3120 ea thl/m^, chilm 44,4%).
1.2. Mill do trung binh vd ty le thdnh phdn cdc nhdm phdn loai cua Acari vd Collembola d tdng AI tgi khu cdng nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd vimg phu can
Hinh 3 trinh bay cac sd lieu ve mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phan cac nhdm phan loai ciia Acari va Collembola d tang A| tai khu cdng nghiep xi mang Tien Son va viing phu can.
D O HG DU DAN • ! • D E B S
Hmh 3. Ty l^ thdnh phdn cdc nhom phdn loai ciia Acari vd Collembola a tdng A i tgi khu cong nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd phu cgn
Ket qua ve gia trj mat do trung binh ciia cac nhdm phan loai chinh ciia Acari va Colembola dugc trinh bay d hinh 3 cho thay; O sinh canh KCN, O da ddng gop ve so lugng ca the chung ciJa sinh canh 3600 ca the/m so vdi tdng sd lugng ca the cua sinh canh (tuong irng 45% ty 1^
thanh phan). Q sinh canh VQN, O da ddng gdp ve sd lugng ca the chung ciia sinh canh 2000 ca thl/m^ so vdi tdng sd lugng ca the ciia sinh canh (tuong irng 35,2% ty le thanh phan). 6 sinh canh RCT: O da ddng gdp ve sd lugng ca the chung cua sinh canh 2800 ca the/m^ so vdi tdng sd lugng ca thi ciia sinh canh (tuang ung 39,7% ty le thanh phan). U la nhom phan loai xuSt hien vdi so lugng ca the rat nhd chi gap d sinh canh KCN va khdng gap d hai sinh canh khac. Cac nhom phan loai khac cua Acari (A^ va G) cd mat d tat ca cac sinh canh nghien cuu vdi mat dp thap hon so vdi nhdm O- Cac nhdm phan lo^i Collembola cd sir phan bd ve so lugng ca thi tuong doi ddng diu d cac sinh canh, d sinh canh KCN va sinh canh VQN: P va E chilm ty le giin tuang duang nhau (15% va 16%) va 15,5% va 14,1% nhdm P va E chilm uu the hon so vdi nhom S; nhdm S diu chiem ty le thap d cac sinh canh.
1687
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2. Mat do trung binh va ty le thanh phan cua quan xa Chan khdp be d tang A: t^i khu cong nghiep xi mang Tien Sffn va vung phy c^n
2.1. Mat dp trung binh vd ty le thanh phdn cua quan xd Chdn khdp be a tdng A2 igi khu cong nghiep xi mang Tien San vd vimg phu cgn
I D.\caii aCQllenibola nChung | ^' Hinh 4 Mat do trung binh ciia quan xd Chdn khdp be a tdng A2
tgi khu cgng nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd viing phu cgn
D Acari B Collembola
Hmh 5. Ty le thdnh phdn cua qudn xa Chdn khap be a tdng A2 tgi khu cong nghiep xi mang Tien San vd vung phu can
Hinh 4 va hinh 5 cho th3y: M^t do trung binh cua qulin xa Chan khdp be giam dan tu sinh canh KCN -» sinh canh VQN -» sinh canh RCT.
Trong hai nhdm phan loai chinh cua ChSn khdp be, Acari la nhdm ludn ed sd lugng ca the chiem uu the han so vdi Collembola d mdi sinh canh, cu the:
+ CJ sinh canh KCN: Acari gap 2,17 l§n so vdi Collembola ve miit dg trung binh vk ty 1?
thanh phan (tuang ung: Acari 2960 ca t h I W , chilm 68,5%).
+ 0 sinh VQN: Acari va Collembola co sd lugng tuang duong nhau cung bing 1680 ca thl/m^ chilm 50% so vdi tong s6 Chan khdp be thu dugc.
+ 0 sinh canh RCT: Acari ciing cd gia trj mat dg trung binh cao han so vdi Collembola (tuang ung: Acari 1360 ca t h I W , chilm 53,2%; Collembola 1200 ca thl/m^ chilm 46,8%) tdng sd Chan khdp be thu dugc.
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2.2. Mat dp trung binh vd ty 1$ thdnh phan cdc nhdm phan loai cda Acari vd Collembola
& tang A2 tgi khu cong nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd vimg phu can
Hinh 6 trinh bay cac sd lieu ve mat dg trung binh va ty Ie thanh phan cac nhdm phan loai cua Acari va Collembola d tang A; tai khu cdng nghiep xi mang Tien Son va viing phu c^n.
05,7%
I DO 14,2% uM
KCN VQN RCT
Hinh 6. Ty 14 thdnh phdn cdc nhom phdn logi cua Acari vd Collombola a tang A2 tgi khu cdng nghiep xi mdng Tien San vd vimg phu can
Hinh 6 cho thSy: + Ci sinh canh KCN, O da chiem han 50% sd lugng ca thi va ty I? thanh phan cac nhdm phan lo^i Chan khdp be.
+ CJ sinh canh VQN, O dat gia tri 1200 ca thl/m^ tdng sd lugng ca the ciia sinh canh (tuong irng la 35,7% ve ty le thanh phan).
+ CJ sinh canh RCT, O cd gia tri tuang tu nhu d sinh canh dat tai vudn khu dan cu la 960 ca thI/m" tong sd lugng ca the ciia sinh canh chiem 35.7%.
- U la nhdm khdng thay xuat hien d tat ca cac sinh canh.
- G la nhdm xuSt hien vdi sd lugng ca thi ikt it chi g|p d sinh canh KCN vdi 160 ca theW.
- A^^ xuat hien vdi sd lugng ca the khdng nhieu lam nhung nd cd mat d tat ca cac sinh canh.
Cae nhdm phan logi ciia Collembola cd su phan bd ve sd lugng ca the khdng ddng deu d tat ca cac sinh canh nghien cuu. Nhdm P va nhdm E thay cd m^t d tat ca cac sinh canh nghien cim va nhdm E ludn chilm uu the hon so vdi nhdm E, nhdm S xudt hien vdi sd lugng ca thi rSt it, d sinh canh KCN khdng ghi nhan ca the nao ciia S.
HI. KET LUAN
Mat dg trung binh va ty le thanh phan ciia nhdm Chan khdp be ndi chung cung nhu ciia tirng nhom phan loai ndi rieng cd su thay ddi d cac ting phan bd khac nhau, chii yeu tap trung nhieu dtingA,.
Nhdm phan loai Acari ludn chiem uu the ve sd lugng d tat ca cac sinh canh, g|p nhieu nhat la d sinh canh dat tai khu cong nghiep. Ngugc lai, nhdm phan loai Collembola chiem uu the it hon thudng hay gap d sinh canh dat vudn canh khu cdng nghiep va dit rugng each khu cdng nghi?p 1km theo hudng Nam.
Trong nhdm phan lo^i Acari, O la nhdm chiem uu the d cac sinh canh nghien ciru va cd mat dca2 tSngdat, U chi xuat hien duy nhat dtang A| cua khu cdng nghiep, A^ thay xuat hi?n dtat ca cac sinh canh ciia khu vyc nghien ciru vdi sd lugng khdng Idn. O tang A] nhdm G deu cd mat con d t5ng Ai chi cd duy nhat d sinh canh khu cdng nghiep. Trong nhdm phan loai Collembola, P va E la 2 nhdm cd mat d tat ca cac sinh canh nghien cuu va cd mat d ca 2 tSng dat. Nhdm phan loai S xuat hi?n vdi sd Iirgng rat thap va hau nhu chi gap d tang dat A| ciia sinh canh dat d vudn va rugng cdn d tang A2 khdng thay cd d sinh canh dat tai khu cdng nghiep.
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1 Ghilarov M . C , 1975 Method of Soil zoogical studies, Nauka, Moscow, p. 1-48.
2 Vii Quang Mgrnh. 2003. Sinh thai hpc dat. NXB. DHSP, Ha Npi, trang 122-164
3. Dao Duy Trinh, Tran Thi NgS, Ho^ng Thi Hien, Nguyen Thj Thao, Ha Trpng H i l n , 2012.
Nghien cuu sir tuong dong thanh phan loai Ve giap (Acari: Oribatida) tai Khu cong nghiep Tan Trudng-Hai Ducmg va phu c?n, Hpi nghj Khoa hpc tre lan thii V I l l , NXB. DHSP, Ha Npi, trang 223-227.
4 Dao Duy Trinh, Vu Quang Manh, 2012. Nghien ciru cau true quan xa Oribatida theo miia d he sinh thai dat riing Vudn Quoc gia Xuan Son, tinh Phii Tho, Hpi nghj Khoa hgc quoc gia v l nghien ciru va giang day sinh hpc d Viet Nam L^n thir nhdt 12/12/2012, NXB. Nong nghiep, trang 361-367.
STUDY ON FLUCTUATION OF STRUCTURE AND DENSITY OF M I C R O A R T H R O P O D A I N T I E N SON INDUSTRIAL PARK,
UNG HOA, HA NOI AND SURROUNDING
DAO DUY TRINH, DUONG MINH HUE, VU QUANG MANH
SUMMARY
In Vietnam, the recognition and evaluation of soil quality from the perspective of biology, ecology and use of soil organisms in general, Acari an Collembola in particular, to evaluate on soil quality carried out in recent years. Research and use the soil organisms, to evaluate the influence of ecological factors on the quality of land investment should be studied comprehensively.
Study on fluctuation of structure and density of Mieroarthropoda in three different habitats with ecological environment to change the structure of the groups of Acari, Collembola. We found the Acari group is always dominant in all habitats, Acari have at most in the industnal park. In contrast, dominant Collembola less common in the residential area adjacent to parks industry and farmland from next 1 km to the south industrial park industrial.
