NGHIEN CUU TRAO OOI
K H O I S A C N G H E N U O I G A T A Y 6 D A L O C
• Xa Da Loc (An Thi) la dia phUdng co
nghe nuoi ga tay tu: trUdc nhtfng nam 1945, trong cac cuoc chien tranh ve qudc va thdng nhat dat ntfdc sau nay, ngudi chan nudi ga tay d day da ddng gdp san ltfdng dang ke thit ga tay thudng pham cung nhan dan ca nude nudi quan, diet thu. Tif dd den nay nghe chan nudi ga tay van dude ngu'di dan dia phudng duy tri, tuy nhien san Idpng va gia tri san Idpng ga cdn thap, do nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan: Thong tin quang ba san pham cdn han che, trong mpt thdi gian dai con gidng bi thoai hoa, khong dddc bdi due, phuc trang, dan den sinh trudng kem, tang trpng cham, nhieu tien bp ky thuat chan nudi cham cap nhat den ngddi dan. Tuy nhien td nam 2005 den nay nghe chan nuoi ga tay d day da td'ng btfde dddc phuc hdi, tang trddng nam sau cao hdn nam trddc, san pham dddc tieu thu rpng rai tren pham vi toan qudc, mdt phfin da dddc xuat qua cac qudc gia lang gieng: Lao, Campuchia. Ngddi nudi da tiep can dddc mpt sd tien bp ky thuat chan nudi mdi, nhieu gid'ng ga tay mdi nang suat, chat Iddng cac da dddc nha ndng dda vao san xua't, cac hp gia dinh khdng chi thuan nudi ga tay thddng pham, ma cdn phat trien nuoi ga bo', me sinh san, dau td mua may ap nd trdng gia cam cung dng con gid'ng cho ngddi chan nudi trong va ngoai tinh. Ong Tran Duy Cai chu nhiem HTX dich vu Nong nghiep xa cho biet:
Nam 2010 viia qua tdng Iddng dan ga tay toan xa dat tren 10 nghin can cac loai, trong dd cd hdn 600 ccn la ga bd'me sinh san, nudi tap trung nudi chii yeu d 2 thdn: Binh Nguyen va Trac Dien, gia tri san Iddng Udc tren 6 ty ddng. Nam 2011 nay dd kien dia phddng se dda ra thi trUdng hdn 50 nghin con ga tay gio'ng chat Iddng tdt va 50 -70 tan ga tay thddng pham. Dang chu y mac du la
vung chuyen nudi ga tay lau nam, nhdng dia phUdng chda nam nao de xay ra dich cum gia cam va cac dich benh ldn khac, cdng tac tiem phdng, phd bien ky thuat chan nudi an toan ben viing ludn dtfdc dia phUdng quan tam, thUdng xuyen tuyen truyen, ngtfdi chan nudi cd y thdc tuan thu chat che qui trinh chan nudi theo tieu chuan VietGAP, nen cac san pham chan nudi xua't ra tii day cd the coi la an toan dich benh va ve sinh thu y. Anh Doan Van Hdi (thon Binh Nguyen) la chu trang trai chuyen chan nudi ga tay tu: hdn 20 nam nay, gia dinh anh thUdng xuyen nudi hdn 300 ga bo' me va hang nghin con ga tay lay thit khac, mdi nam sau khi trii moi cln phi dau tu van cdn lai thuan 200 - 250 trieu ddng, ddn trang trai anh khach mua cd the thoa man nhu cau cac loai ga lam thit hoac ga gid'ng d cac Ida tudi, mdi ap nd: 1 -3 ngay tuoi; 40 - 45 ngay tuoi hoac tren 2 thang tudi, bao gdm cac gidng: Ga tay dia phUdng thuan chung, ga tay lai Phap, ga tay Hunggary, toan bp ga hau bi, ga bo' me deu dtfdc anh ngda vacxin phdng du cac benh cd ban:
H5N1, ta, sdng gan... trUdc khi dUa ra thi trUdng cung dng cho ngUdi san xua't. Theo anh Hdi ga tay la gid'ng gia cam khoe, the trpng ldn, de nuoi, mau ldn, it bi dich benh.
thich ring rdng vdi cac dieu kien sinh thai, cd the nudi theo nhieu hinh thdc: Chan tha, nudi cdng nghiep (cho an toan bp bang thdc an cdng nghiep) va nudi ban cdng nghiep (cho an cdng nghiep ke't hpp cac chat hflu cd:
rau, beo, cam, cd), mdi each nudi cd Uu diem.
nhUdc diem rieng, nhUng trung binh hieu suat dau tU dat: 40 - 70% tuy tdng each nudi, do nudi ga tay hieu qua cao, nen nghe da dUdc gia truyen trong gia dinh anh da qua 3 ddi, hien the he thU 4, con gai ldn cua anh tiep tuc d&u tU, hpc kinh nghiem td nhdng ngUdi di trUdc de phat trien chan nuoi ga tay.
THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE SO 2/2011 7
NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI
Anh Nguyen Van My thon Trac Dien, chu trang trai nuoi ga tay tri nhu'ng nam 1966 - 1967 den nay nhan xet: Trong tUdng lai gan nghe chan nuoi ga tay se rat phat trien do uu thede nuoi, tang trong nhanh, Ipi nhuan cao, sam pham co gia tri dinh dUdng khong kem cac loai ga ri, ga lai khac va co the che bien thanh rat nhieu mon an ngon. Vdi trong lupng trung binh 1 con ga tay ttf 5 - 14kg, se rat thuan tien cho cac gia dinh len thtfe ddn cho mam co trong cac viec le, tet, hieu, hi. Gia dinh anh My thtfdng xuyen nudi hdn 100 ga tay bd', me sinh san va tren 1000 con ga thtfdng pham, nhtfng van khdng du dap tfng nhu cau tieu thu san pham cua ngtfdi tieu dung va thtfdng lai, cd nhiing thdi diem gia anh da phai nhap gid'ng va san pham ga thit ttf Trung tam Gid'ng gia cam Thuy PhUdng (Ha Npi) de dam bao hdp ddng da ky. Thee anh My nudi ga tay theo ldi ban cong nghiep la hieu qua nha't, vi cac loai phu pham hflu cd: cd, la rau dac biet la beo tay tren dong rudng rat san, vdi dinh ltfdng khau phan an 30% bee tay thai nhd va 70% thtfe an cdng nghiep, cd the dam bao sau 6 thang ttf 1 con ga tay mdi ap nd cd the tang trpng len 14 - 15kg, trtf mpi chi phi dau ttf van cdn cd gia tri tUdng dtfdng gan 50kg gao Bac thdm 7 tai thdi diem, du ltfdng thtfe cho ca gia dinh 4 ngtfdi an trong sud't thang..
Co dupe stf khdi sac trong nghe chan nudi ga tay d Da Lpc la do ttf nam 2010 de'n nay dtfdc sU quan tam hd trd khinh phi cua cac cap chinh quyen dia phtfdng, nganh chuyen mdn da chuyen giao hang tram con ga tay gio'ng bd me chat lUdng cao cung hdn 1000 con ga tay thUdng pham che cac hp nong dan chan nudi. Ngoai ra xa cdn phdi hdp vdi Vien nghien ctfu gia cam Thuy Phtfdng (Bp NN&PTNT) td chtfc nhieu ldp tap huan chuyen giao tien bp ky thuat cho nong dan ap dung vao san xua't. Ttf thuc te Da Lpc la dia phUdng vung sau vung xa cua huyen An Thi, khdng cd ldi the' phat trien cong nghiep va tieu thu cdng nghiep va dich vu nhU nhieu dia phudng khac trong tinh.
De dam bao ddi sd'ng nhan dan ngay cang dUdc nang cao, thi trpng tam phat tridn kinh te' theo hudng day manh tham canh tang nang suat lua, chat ludng, hieu qua cao va khai thac cac tiem nang ldi thede phat trien nganh chan nudi, chu yeu la chan nudi gia cam, thuy cam, dUa chan nudi thanh nganh san xua't chinh la hudng di hoan toan diing cua dang bp va chinh quyen sd tai. Trong do can tranh thu stf ung hp cua cac cap cac nganh de Uu tien dau tu, md rpng gia tang nhanh dan ga tay gidng bo' me va ga thit nuoi thUdng pham, vi ga tay kha de nudi so vdi cac loai gia cdm khac, hieu qua chan nudi cao, tiem nang thi trUdng cdn rat ldn, hah het ngUdi dan giau kinh nghiem, cd truyen thdng chan nudi ga tay, de dat dupe cac muc tieu nay dia phUdng can bang nhieu giai phap ddng bp: Tang cUdng thdng tin tuyen truyen, quang ba chat lUdng san pham, con gio'ng; Ho trd xay dtfng mo hinh, trinh dien chuyen giao tien bp ky thuat mdi chan nudi an toan, sinh hpc theo tieu chuan VietGap, Uu dai von vay tin dung cho cac chu trang trai chan nudi ldn...
Dupe biet dia phUdng cdn cd dien tich ao hd mat nUdc ttf nhien kha ldn, gan 30 ha, hien tai cd ban mdi chi thuan nudi ca, neu ket hdp vdi chan nudi cac loai vit sinh san, vit thit thtfdng pham thea md hinh Ao Chudng san xua't se ben vtfng va cao hdn nhieu, cung vdi truyen thdng chan nudi ga tay san cd va dinh htfdng san xua't dung chae chan trong ttfdng lai gan Da Lpc se la thi trtfdng sdi dpng sam ua't cung tfng cac loai san pham gia cam, thuy cam.
Ttf hieu qua chan nudi ga tay d Da Loc va tiem nang thi trtfdng san pham. cd the nhan rdng md hinh san xua't ra toan tinh, tan dung thu vdt cac loai beo tay tren cac true thuy ndng cho phat trien chan nudi ga tay rat hieu qua vtfa tang thu nhap trong chan nudi vtfa giam chi phi dku ttf thu vdt rau beo khdi thdng ddng chay.
Nguyen Hai Tien Set NN&PTNT
