Kien tao tang truong bao trum
nhdm dam bao phat trien ben vung cua W t Nam
MiDlJcHiep
Truong Dai hpc Kinh t^ D^ hoc Quoc gia Ha NOi
Sau hon 30 nam ddi mdi, Vi^t Nam da dat dupe nhi^u thAnh cdng v^ tang trudng va giam ngheo vdi gAn 30 trieu ngudi thoAt ngheo. Trdn thuc t€, md hinh nay cd th6 dAn tdi su gia tang v^ bAt binh dAng thu nhap, tu dd lAm giam (Ac ddng tieh egc tdi glAm ngheo va do dd lai dAn tdi giam tdc dp tang trudng. Them vao dd, quA trinh giam ngheo d Vi^t Nam hien nay dang phAi ddi mat vdi rAt nhi^u thach thuc mdi nhu tham hgt ngan sach lien tgc, nang suAt lao dpng thAp, va dac biet lA tinh trang bAt binh dAng gia tdng da lam giAm di k^t qua giam ngheo An tugng cua Vi§t Nam. Do dd, Vi^t Nam phai cd mdt each ti^p c^n mdi v^ mpt phucmg thuc tang kinh t^ khdng chi nhanh mA cdn phAi dAm bAo sg cdng bAng.
1. Md dau
Sau gAn 30 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam da dat dupe nhi^u thAnh cdng v^ tang trudng va glAm ngheo An tugng vdi gAn 30 tri^u ngudi thoAt ngheo. GDP vA thu nh$p binh quAn dAu ngudi tang nhanh, Viet Nam da trd thAnh nude cd thu nh$p tmng binh vao nam 2010.
Tudi thp vA trinh dd hpe vAn cua ngudi dan Vi^t Nam cOng tang nhanh. Tuy nhien, bdn c^nh nhung k^t qua dAng khich le, quA trinh tang trudng kinh t^ va phat tri^n eua Vi^t Nam cung dat ra mpt sd vAn d^ cho giai dogn phat tri^n tdi.
cac cAi cAch hien tai dang dAn dat tdi ngudng gidi h^n, trong khi dd d ben ngoai, mdi trudng toAn cAu da cd nhi^u thay ddi Idn. HOi nhap eung khie'n cho Viet Nam d^ bj anh hudng hon bdi su dao dOng ciia thi imdng hAng hda, rdi loan tAi chinh trong n^n kinh t^
toAn cAu. cae th^ ch^ thi tnrdng trong nude vAn chua phat tri^n ddng d^u va do dd, ngay cAng g^p nhi^u khd khan khi duong dAu vdi mdi trudng kinh t^ mdi.
Ket qua la, n^n kinh te' Vi^t Nam phai trAi qua nhi^u dpt bAt dn vi md, lap lai theo chu ky lam phAt cao, tang trudng kinh t^ dang ed xu hudng eham lai, thj tnrdng lao dpng chinh thuc chua thuc sv phat tri^n.
Trong khi dd nang suAt lao dpng khdng dupe tang len ma tang trudng chii y^u la dya vao vi§c tang sd vdn dAu tu cung nhu tang so lao dpng. Dieu nAy lA mpt thach thue khdng nhd ddi vdi chie'n lupc phAt trien nhanh va b^n vung ciia Vi§t Nam trong cAc giai doan tiep theo. Them vao dd, quA Irinh giam ngheo d Viet Nam hi^n nay dang phAi ddi mat vdi rAt nhi^u thach thuc mdi nhu thSm hgt ngan sAeh lien tye, nang suAt lao dOng thAp, va d$c bi^t lA tinh trang bAt binh dAng gia tang da lam giAm di k^t quA giAm ngheo An tugng
cua Vi^l Nam. Do dd, trong bdi canh hpi nh$p qudc t^
toAn di^n, Viet Nam phAi ed mpt cAch ti^p cAn mdi v^
mpt phuong thuc tSng kinh t^ khdng chi nhanh mA edn phai dam bAo sy cdng bAng. Vi$t Nam eAn phAi dn dinh n^n kinh t^ vl md va dac bi^t quan tam tdi viec phAt tri^n thi trudng lao dpng, t$n dgng thdi ky dan sd vang hien nay d^ tqio ra mpi li/c lupng lao dpng cd chAt lupng vA nang suAt cao dam bao d?t dugc mge tieu tang trudng cung nhu sg phat tri^n dai han.
2. Tang tnrdng bao trum: khai niem va nol ham Tang trudng bao trum (inclusive growth) la qua trinh tang trudng khdng chi tao ra cAc co hpi kinh t^
ma cdn dAm bao cho tat ca cAc thanh vien xa hpi d^u cd the ti^p can cac co hpi nay mpt each cdng bang.
Tang trudng bao trum dac biet hudng tdi sg tham gia eua nhung ngudi trong li/c lupng lao dOng nhung cd nang suat thAp va th^m chi bj hoan toan loai ra khdi quA trinh tang trudng trong md hinh tang trudng giam ngheo hude dAy thdng qua dAy manh tinh hi§u quA eiia thi hudng lao ddng vA viec lAm cd nang suAt.
Tang trudng kinh t^ dupe eoi la bao trum khi: (i) tang trudng dd cho phep su tham gia va ddng gdp cua tAt cA eae thanh vien trong xa hpi, mA dac bi^t lA t^p trung vAo nhdm y€u th^; vA (ii) tang trudng dd phai dua d^n su giAm bAt binh dAng (phi thu nh^p), vi du nhu su tiep can cac djeh vg y t^, sue khde, glAo dgc va su hda nhap vdi xa hpi. Trong thgc ii. tang tnrdng bao trum ddi hdi (i) tang trudng duong v^ thu nhAp dAu ngudi; (ii) tang thu nhAp cho nhung nhdm y^u th^ hem it nhAt la phai bang muc tang thu nhAp binh quan dAu ngudi; vA (iii) cai thien cAc chi tieu phi thu nhAp cho eAc ddi tuong y^u th^ nhu ngudi ngheo, phg nu, tre
NGHIEN c u u
trieu ngudi sii dgng Internet, dat m^t dp tham nhap 51,5%. Mpt sd dd iht ed di6u kien thich hpp ap dgng md hinh dd thi ihdng minh nhu Hai Phdng, Da NAng.
Thanh Hoa, Thai Nguyen. Ha Long, Hue, CAn Tho.
Rach Gia, Phu Qudc. Nha Trang. Quy Nhon.
Ben canh sg phat tri^n cua cae thanh phd Idn tai Viet Nam, cac chu dAu tu cua cac tap doan t>At dpng san nhu tap doan Vingroup. Ecopark... eung dang ehuy^n ddi sang xu hudng mdi la phat tri^n khu dd th|
thdng minh.
Tuy nhien, qua trinh xa\ dgng thanh phd thdng minh ciia cac dja phuong mcri chi bAt dAu va dang gap phai nhOng khd khan sau: (1) Co cAuquAn ly, phuong [hue quan 1^ dd th| taeh rdi, cgc bp, khdng lien k^t, khdng ehia se, thie'u hgp tac giua cac t>en; (2) Thie'u kinh phi hoat dOng; (3) Nang Igc nganh CNTT - truy^n thdng han eh^, lac hau; (4) Ngudi dan chua quan tam tham gia, phat huy Igri leh cua thanh phd' thdng minh;
(5) Thi^u lanh dao ed tAm nhin d^ phat tri^n thanh phd thdng minh. Do dd, nghidn cuu md hinh dd thi Ihdng minh cua cac nude tren the' gidi va xuAt phat tu thgc tifen bude dAu xay dgng d Viet Nam, sg hinh thanh dd th! thdng minh cua nude ta hi§n nay cAn t$p tmng vAo nhvlng vAn dh chu y^u sau:
Mpt la, nang cao nhan thiic cua cac eo quan, i6 ehiie, cA nhan trong eA nude v6 sy cAn thi^t vA l<;ri ich cua viec xay dpng thanh phd thdng minh trong giai doan hien nay. Tie'p theo, eAn nang cao hi^u bi^t, nhan thue, trach nhiem va nang Igc xay di/ng thanh phd thdng minh cho cac co quan nha nude, can bp, cdng chuc. cac CO qucin thdng tin dai chiing cd trach nhiem tuyen tmy^n \k thanh phd thdng minh d^ tao sv ddng IhuAn, hudng ung manh me trong toan xa hpi.
Hai la, phdi hpp vdi cae bd, nganh, td chuc xay dpng, trinh Chinh phu. Thu tudng Chinh phu cac van ban quy pham phap luat quy djnh chi tiii cac npi dung eua "xay dpng thanh phd ihPng minh" V6 lau dai, cAn rA soat he thdng phap luat va van ban dudi lu^t cung nhu eAc chinh sach lien quan d^n "xay dyng thanh phd" thdng minh" d^ ed ip trinh l>d sung, sua ddi cho phii hgp \ai md hinh phat tri^n kinh te' - xa hoi chung cua dAt nude.
Ba lA, viec ung dgng cac thanh tgu cdng nghe hien dai tu eupc Cach mang cPng nghiep 4.0 cAn phai dupe can nhAe va Iva chpn cd trpng di^m de tao ra su Ian Ida trong vi^c phat Iri^n. Huy dpng mpi ngudn Igc, uu tien dAu tu kinh phi cho \i0c xay dgng thanh phd thdng minh tir ngudn vdn dAu tu khoa hpc cdng nghe va cac ngudn vdn khac. \ a \ dunij co che khuy^n khieh ddi voi cae td chuc i.S nh.in, doanh nghiep CNTT trong va ngoai nuoc. Cd che dd khuyen khich cAc d|a phuong tri^n khai xa\ dpng, Ihanh i^p phat tri^n CNTT - tniy^n thdng.
Bdn la, dAy manh cdng cude ddi moi giao dgc, chu trgng cac xu hudng moi cua thdi k> each mang cdng
nghiep 4.0 va sg hinh thanh phat tri^n thAnh P^^
thdng minh. hudng dAn cae d(a phuong J^J" , j^
nhung ndi dung mdi ciia chinh sAch, ra soal kien . bdi dudng kien thuc, nghiep vg v^ CNTT c ^ ^ ^ ' " " ^ J can bp, cdng ehiic, vien chiic lam d vj tri CN11 ijpng xav dgng va quan ly quy hoach nS^^n ntian iv^
CNTT, dam bao dap ung ydu cAu khi trien khai mv»- hien.
Nam la, tang cudng kiem tra, Ihanh tra viec thgx:
hien chinh saeh, ehuong trinh v^ tri^n khai xay dpng thanh phd thdng minh d eae dja phucmg d^ k!p Ihdi phat hien sai sdt va di^u chinh nhiing npi dung, ho^t dpng khdng phii hpp. Bao dam ch^ dp thdng tin bao eAo va van hanh he thdng co sd du lieu v^ xAy dpng va phat tri^n thanh phd thdng minh. C^p nhAt thdng tin, phan tich, dp bAo linh hinh td'c dp dd th| hda va cac vAn d^ khac lien quan dd'n thAnh phd thdng minh.
4. Ket loan
ThAnh phd thdng minh dem l^i nhl^u Ipi ich cho mdi trudng, epng ddng xa hdi va cd di^u ki^n thi/c hien cAc chi tieu phAt tri^n b^n vtmg cOa Lidn Hi$p Qudc. Dudi tAe dpng manh me cua cAch m^ng cdng nghiep 4.0, th^ gidi va Vi^t Nam da vA dang dAy m^nh ti^n trinh phat tri^n hudng tdi cae thAnh phd Ihdng minh. Nhin td thuc ti^n phAt tri^n dd thj thdng minh cua mpt sd thanh phd Idn tren th^ gidi, ed th^ thAy cAc dd thi Viet Nam cAn ed sp chuAn bl cAn thi^t d^ ung phd vdi cAc tAc dOng cua cude CAch m^ng cdng nghiep 4.0. Tuy nhidn, vdi dac di^m rieng cd v^ di6u kien tg nhien, thd nhudng, khi h^u, van hda mdi dd thj tai Vi^t Nam cAn k€p hpp hai hda nhimg xu hudng phat hi^n cua n^n khoa hpc cdng nghe tren th^ gidi vA cae dac thu cua minh, nhu va.y mdi cd th^ xAy dpng dupe mpt dd thi thdng minh dung nghia./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Nguyen Thi Van Huong, Thanh phd thdng minh —
\ u hudng phat tri^n tren th^ gidi va Viet Nam, Tap chi iCien tnie sd 293(9/2019).
Ravi S. Srinivasan, Tamim 1. Sookoor, Sabina Jeschke.-nianh pho thdng minh - N^n tAng, nguyen ly va ung dgng, Nxb CTQG - Sg that. Ha Npi, 2019
http.//tapchitaichinh.vn/thi-truong-tai.ehinh/kinh- nghiem-xay-dung-do-thi-thong-minh-cua-mot-so- nuoe-va-bai-hoc-cho-viet-nam-315965.html.
.h.!;h^h^^'^K°'^^"'^^"''"^^"°^-'^^ham-pha-nhun«.
thanh-pho-thong-minh-tren-lhe-gioi-120249.html.
