NHIJ^^G TAG DONG CUA QUAN HE
THAI LAN VA VIET NAM TtT NAM 1991 DEN NAM 2011
H A Lfi H U Y E N **^
Tom tdt: Bdi viit phdn tick nhOng thdnh tUu kgp tdc song phUcfng giSa Thdi Lan vd Viet Nam dd dgt dugc td ndm 1991 din ndm 2011; tit do, dUa ra nhihig nhgn dinh ve tdc ddng cua mdt quan hi ndy tdi tink hinh ngi tgi cua fiai nUdc Tfidi Lan vd Viet Nam.
Tit khoa: Quan fii Thai Lan vd Viit Nam; tdc ddng; songphUOng; 1991 din 2011.
Abstract: This article analyzed achievements in tfie Thailand - Vietnam relationship since 1991 to 2011, thus pointing out how this relationship has affected the internal situation of each country.
Keywords: Thailand - Vietnam relationship; effect; reciprocal; 1991 • 2011 period.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 15/5/2016; Ngdy suta b&i: 15/10/2016; Ngdy duyit ^ng bdi: 20/11/2016.
1. D a t v & i d e
"Rnh hinh the' gidi sau CMfi'n t r a n h Lanh (1991) ed (hen bieh mdi do nhiMg thay ddi tUdng q u a n liie lUdng gifla cac nUde ldn. Xu the' k h u vUc h d a vfi tofin c l u hda da tao n h i e u (filu kifn t h u f n ldi cho cfic nude vfia va nhd t h a m gia mdt cfieh chfi ddng, tich cUe vao qufi t r i n h hdi n h f p qudc te dudi cfic binh thfie k h a c n h a u de tang cUdng vi thfi' cua minh. Thfii L a n va Viet Nam cimg nfim t r o n g sU vfin dpng dd.
Tfi nfim 1991 den nfira 2011, hdp tac Thfii Lan - Viet N a m ngay cfing dUde eung cl', phfit trien t r e n n M l u TJnh vUc song phUdng vfi da phUdng vi ldi ich cua h a i dfin tfic, cung n h u vi hda binh, on dinh, hdp tfie vfi phat trien eua k h u vUc vfi trfin t h i gidi.
2. N h f i n g t h a n h t U u cfia q u a n h f T h a i L a n • V i e t N a m tfi n a m 1991 dfi'n n a m 2011
Trong vdng 20 n a m (1991-2011) hdp tac gifia Thai L a n va Vifit Nam da cd nhiMg bude t i l n vUdt bfe ve e h l t vfi lUdng, v l t i m vi mo vfi vi rad t r e n n M l u Knh viic cMnh t r i - an ninh, k i n h t^, vfin hda - xa hdi va d a t dUdc nhiMg t h a n h t u u sau:
(1) vi chinh tri - an ninh: H a n g nfim, hai bfin thudng xuyfin trao doi nhflng chuyfi'n thfim vfi lfim vific cua eae nhfi l a n h dao cap eao, n M l u ed c h l hdp tfie dUde thfing qua vfi hoat dfing rfit cd Mfiu qua nhu: Cude hpp Npi eae chung, Uy ban ehung ve hdp tfie thUdng mai; T i l u ban chung v l hdp tfie a n n i n h - eMnh tri; Cd che t h a m khao e h m h tri gifla h a i Bd Ngoai giao... 30 v a n kifin dUdc ky k i t tao n l n t a n g vflng chac cho sU p h a t trien va tfing cudng hdp tac nhU: Tuyfin bfi'chung ve Khufin kho hdp tac Vift N a m - Thfii Lan bUdc vfio thfip ky d i u t h i 1 ^ XXI; Thda t h u f n v l hdp tfic gifio due; Hifp dinh k h u n g v l Hpp tfic Kinh tl; Hifp dinh Hdp tfic Lao dpng. V I Knh viic an ninh pM t r u y i n th^ng, hai nUde ciMg phdi h(?p vdi n h a u trong eae vfih di hfin qu£ui d i n ma tuy; t u i n t r a chung d vinh Thai Lan; n a n buon ban ngUdi, dfic bift lfi phu nfi va t r e em.
(2) Vikinh ti- thUcfng mgi:
Kira ngach budn b a n h a i cMeu khdng
" Yi^n Nghien cflu Dong Nam A, Vien Hftn lfim Khoa hoc xa hoi.
stf 1-2017 NHAN LQC KHOA HOCXA Htfl [ Q
ngiMg gia tfing. N a m 1991 l a 138,36 trifu USD"* va sau 20 n a m tfing len la 9,090 ty USD (2011)*^. NhiMg m a t hfing chinh Vift Nam xufi't k h i u sang Thai L a n nhU: nMfin lifu, san p h i m difin tfi vfi linh kifin, t h u y san, ndng san, dfit may... Viet Nara n h f p k h a u tfi Thai Lan p h u tfing fi tfi, p h u tfing xe may, chfi't deo nguyfin heu, mfiy mdc, t M i t bi, xang d i u , dUdc pham...
Dau t u cua Thai L a n vao Vifit N a m ngfiy efing nMeu, t h i Men d so Mdng cac du fin vfi t i n g sfi'vfih d i u tU. Nfim 1991, sfi' du a n Thfii Lan d i u tU vfio Vifit N a m mdi lfi 5 vfi tong sfi'vin lfi 20,5 trifiu USD*^ t M den nfim 2011, tong sd' dU a n Thai L a n d i u t u vao Vift Nam 274 dU an vdi t i n g sd' vdh la 5.853,3 trieu USD'^'. Qui md d i u t u cua Thfii Lan vfio Vift N a m chfi y l u la cac di^ fin vfia va nhd vdi sd' vd'n h a n chfi'. D a sd' du fin d i u t u cua Thai L a n ed xu hUdng t f n dung nguon lao dfing d l i dfio vfi r e cua Vift Nam. Ve cd ban, cd cl^u cfic du a n d i u t u cua Thfii L a n eung phfi hdp vdi dinh hudng t h u hfit vdn d i u t u nude ngoai eua Vifit Nam cd tac d u n g tao cdng fin vific lfim cho ngUdi lao ddng va k h a i thac n g u i n nguyfin lifiu sfin cd cfia Vift Nam.
(3) Vi mdt so'linh vitc khdc I i n h viie giao due - dao tao: Bd Giao due h a i nUdc dfi 1 ^ Ban ghi nhd v l hdp t a c gifio due (2004), xfie t i l n cae chUdng t r i n h hdp tfic xfiy dling gifio due chimg, thdng qua h m h thfie t r i l n lfim va tfing eUdng hdp tfic gifia cfic trUdng dai hpc, phat t r i l n ed sd gifio due, trao d l i gifio vifin vfi sinh vien. 0 Thfii L a n ed nhflng trUdng day tieng Vift nhU: Dai hpe Chulalongkon; Dai hpe Thammasat; Dai hpe Khonken... Cdn d Vift Nam lfi nhfing trUdng day tifi'ng Thai nhU: Dai hpc H a Ndi; Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xfi [[Q NHAN LQC KHOA HQC XAHOI
hdi va Nhfin vfin ^ a i hpc Quoc gia H a Ndi); Dai hpe Vfin hda...
Dmh VUc t h i due t h i thao: Uy b a n Olympic Viet N a m vfi Uy b a n Olympic Thai L a n dfi k y thoa thufin hdp tac ve t h i due t h e thao ngay 18/12/2004. L i ky k i t nhfim mue dich p h a t t r i l n mdi quan he hdp tae v l t h i due t h i thao, gdp p h i n tfing eUdng tinh hflu nghi vfi M l u b i l t gifla n h a n dfin h a i nUdc Thai L a n va Vifit Nam.
Lanh vUc d u lich: Hdp tfic p h a t trien du lich ngfiy cfing dUdc quan tfim n h i t lfi kM Hifp dinh hdp tae d u lich Thfii Lan - Viet Nam dUdc ky k i t nfim 1994. N a m 2011, khfich du lich Thfii LEUI vfio Viet Nam dat 181.820 lUdt ngudi, khach Vifit Nam deh Thfii Lan g^p 2,36 l l n tfic lfi 430.000 lUdt ngudi. Hai ben ludn ed sU tiao d l i v l hudng hdp tae, xfie tie'n d u lich song phUdng va trong k h u vuc nhU: ky Mep dinh tao thufn ldi cho qufi canh dudng bd; phm hdp gifia nhfi nude v a t u n h a n v l du lich; hdp tac gifia cfie hfing hfing khfing... P h a t t r i l n du hch lfi mpt ngfinh r i t quan tipng vi dd khdng nhflng lfi v ^ d l gdp p h i n trong hdp tac phfit trien kinh t e mfi cdn lfi sU giae lUu van hda cua h a i q u i c gia.
Ngoai ra, Thfii L a n - Vifit Nam cdn tich cue chfi dfing trong cac hoat dfing giao lUu vfin hda nhU: giao l u u n h a n dan, giao lUu
'" Information and communication technology center with cooperation of the customs department, http://www.opa3.moc.go.th/, 1995
''' Information and communication technology center with cooperation of the customs department, http://www.ope3.moc.go.th/, 2013
"* Nguyen TUdng Lai (2001), Quan h4 Viet Nam - Thdi Lan trong nhiing ndm 90, Nxb. Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Hft Noi, tr.l74.
(« Trung tfim til U^u vft Dich vu thong kft, Tong cue ThShg kft, Du dn ddu tU true tiep nUdc ngodi dugc cip phep bdi cdc dot tdc chinh (tick luy cua cdc dU dn co hieu lUc hitu ngdy 31/12/2011), htlps:/ /wwwgso.gov.vn/
default_en.aspx?tabid=471&idmid=3&ItemlD=13119 sd 1-2017
H A L E HUYEN t h a n h mfin vfi tifi'n hfinh cfic cudc trien an ninh k h u viic, kfiu gpi sU k i l m chl', lam n h l r a xue tii'n, q u a n g ba v l h i n h a n h khong sfi d u n g hofic de dpa sfi dung v u cua h a i dfi't nudc.
3. T a c d d n g c u a q u a n h f T h a i L a n - Viet N a m
3.1, Tdc dgng dot vdi Viit Nam Tha nhdt, viec tdng cUdng quan he vdi Thdi Lan da tgo ra mdi trUdng an ninh hop tdc khu vUc cfw Viit Nam.
TrUdc t i n h h i n h k h u vUe va qud'c t C Thfii Lan vfi Vift Nara da ngfiy cfing xich l ^ g i n n h a u nhfim tao r a moi t n i d n g an ninh hdp tfic k h u vile cho Vift N a m . Thfii Lan da u n g hd tieh cUe Vift N a m t l chfie thfinh cfing Hfii nghi C^p cao ASEAN l l n thfi 6 (nfim 1998), d a m n M f m vai trd Chu tieh Uy b a n thudng t n i e ASEAN (nMem k;^ 2000 - 2001), u n g hd Vift Nara hoan thfinh tdt vai trd Chfi tich ASEAN 2010 n h l r a tfing cUdng dofin kfit nfii bd khdi. Su ung hd cua T h a i L a n t r e n cae d i i n dfin, hdp tac trong k h u viic vfi qud'c t e khac da gifip cho Vift Nara tfing cUdng vi t h i trfin
luc, m a kien t r i giai quyet cac t r a n h ch^p thong qua cfic bien p h a p hda binh, phfi hdp vdi l u f t phfip qu6c t l ; txong dd, cd Cong Udc Lien Hdp Quoc ve L u f t bien 1982, Tuyfin bo iMg xfi cfia cac ben 5 bien Dfing (DOC), Tuyfin bfi' 6 d i l m cfia ASEAN, n h a t t r i sdra xay diing Bfi Quy tfie fing xfi d bien Ddng (COC), nhfim dam bao hda binh an ninh va an toan, t u do hfing h a i d bien Dong. Tren nhflng vSm de cua sfing Me Kong sU d i n g thufin gifia Thai L a n va Vift N a m da k i l m che'bdt sfie ep cfia Trung Quoc khdng cM vdi Viet N a m ma edn ddi vdi cac nUdc khfic trong k h u vUc \^ Thai L a n va Trung Qud'c vd'n cd mdi quan h f ddng minh, (hlu dd dfi tao nen mdt mdi t n i d n g an n i n h b i n vflng d l eung phfit trien.
Tha hai, Tfidi Lan Id mat d^ tdc ftinh ti, vdn fwa - xa fwi quan trgng cua Viet Nam.
- Ve thUdng mai: Thfii Lan ddng vai trd trudng qud'c tfi' vfi nd gdp p h i n khfing dinh quan trpng ddi vdi n l n kinh t l ' cua Vift dudng ldi dm ngoai tU chfi, thfin tMfn hda Nara. Ddi vdi Vift Nara, Thai Lan lfi mdt binh cua Vift Nara vdi cae nUdc khfic. tiong nhiMg doi tfic x u l t n h f p k h i u ldn TrUdc nhiing d i l n bifi'n phfic t a p 5 b i l n vdi t i n g t r i gia iarao d l i thUdng mai ludn Ddng, Vifit Nara vfi Thfii L a n ciing cac n^ra trong 10 cac qud'c gia cd quan hf quic gia trong k h u vUc da tfing d i n g thUdng m a i ldn nhfit vdi Vift Nara vfi la thufin, ciMg n h a u bfiy td lo n g a i ehung ddi mfit trong nhiMg t h i t r U d i ^ xuat k h i u Idn vdi nhiMg d i i n bien de dpa d e h hda binh, eua Viet N a m trong k h u vilc Ddng Nam A.
B a n g 1: K i m n g a c h x u a t k h a u cfia V i e t N a m s a n g T h a i L a n v a t o n g gifi t r i x u a t k h ^ u c u a V i f t N a m tfi n a m 1991 dl'n n a m 2011
Dan vi: Triiu USD
Nam 1991 1992
Vigt Nam xuat kh^u sang
T M i Lan 57,75 71,50
Tong gia tri xuat khau cua
Viet Nam 2.087 2.581
Nam 2001 2002
Viet Nam xuat khau sang
Thai Lan 323 228
Tong gia tri xu^t khau cua
Vifet Nam 15.027 16.706
$(1-2017 NHAN LUE KHOA Hgc X A H O I
NHtjNG TAC DQNG CUA QUAN HE THAI LAN VA VIET NAM...
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
71,67 39,41 42,95 66,63 191,07 295,26 312,73 388,90
2.985 4.054 5.449 7.256 8.766 9.324 11.520 14.449
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
335 518 862,9 930 1.033
1.3 1.27 1.182 1.792
20.176 26.604 32.442 39.826 48.561 62.685 57.096 72.237 96.906 Nguon: Thd'ng ke Hai quan (http://www.eustoms.gov.vn/Lists/ThongKeHaiQuan) Mfie tfing trudng kim ngach xult khiu
eua Vifit Nam sang Thai Lan tfi nfim 1991 den nam 2000 cMem ti trpng ldn trong tong kim ngach xuat khiu cua Vift Nara.
Neu nhu, nam 1991, Viet Nam xuat sang Thfii Lan 57,75 trifu USD®, cMem 2,76%
tong kim ngach xufit khau cua Vift Nam la 2.087 trifiu USD<^. Deii nfira 2000, Vift Nam dfi xufit khau sang Thfii Lan 388,90 trifu USD™, cMlm 2,69% so vdi tfi'ng kim ngach xufit khiu eua Vift Nam (h cac nUdc.
Giai doan 2001 dl'n 2011, kira ngaeh xult khiu sang Thai Lan tfing tfi 323 trifiu USD lfin den 1.792 ti^fu USD<«, nfing mfie kim ngach xult khiu cua Vifit Nara tfi 15.027 trieu USD len 96.906 trifu USD*^*. Su tfing trudng cua kim ng^ch xufit khiu sang Thfii Lan gdp phin tfing trudng kim ngach xufi't khiu hang hofi cua Vift Nam binh quan len 17,3%/nfim, nhanh hdn tdc dd tfing trUdng GDP glp 2,38 lln (GDP tfing bMh quan 7,26
%/nfim)'^°^ Vi thi, Vift Nam ed vi the" ngfiy cfing Idn trong xult khiu hfing hoa tofin clu- gdp phin chinh yfi'u vfio tfing trUdng GDP, trd thfinh dfing lUc chu yeu thfie dly tfing trudng kinh td.
Nhu vfiy, sau 20 nfim, Viet Nam xufit khiu sang Thfii Lan 1.792 trifu USD
(2011), tang trudng 53,73% so vdi nfim 1991. Gia tri xult khiu cua Viet Nam sang Thai Lan nfim 2011 cMem 1,85% so vdi tong kim ngach xuat khau ciing nfim (96.906 trieu USD). XulTt khiu la mot ddng liic t a i ^ tnidng cua khu vUc kinh tl^
ndng ngMfip vfi cfing ngMfip, gdp phan tieh cUc chuyen dieh cd clu kmh te' cua khu vuc theo hudng cfing ngMfip hda, Mfin dai hda. Tfing tnidng xult khiu dfi gdp phin t^o vific lam va thu nhfp eho hang trifu lao dong, nang cao ddi soiig cfia nhan dfin.
Ve du Iich: Thai Lan lfi ddi tac quan trpng dfii vdi sU phfit triln cua ngfinh du lich Vift Nam. Hang nfim, lUdng khach du lich cua Thfii Lan khdng ngiMg tfing lfin.
™ Hoing Kh^c Nam (2007), Quan hi ViitNam • Thdi Lan 1976 - 2000, Nxb. Dai hoc Q u ^ gia H^ N^i, H&
N6i, tr.l78.
(® ThShg kg tri g i i xufi't kh^u, nh$.p k h i u himg hda cua Vi?t Nam trong giai doan 1986-1995, 1996-2013 (trich ttt trang web: http://www.custonis.gov,vn/Li8ta/
ThongKeHaiQuan/, truy cjip ngfty 16/2/2016) '^ HoSng Khic Nam (2007), sdd. tr. 217.
™ Ban Quan h§ Quoc ti - VCCI (2015), Hi sO thi tntdng Ttidi Lan, trang 9.
® Thfl'ng kg tri gia xufi't kh£u, nhap k h i u hSng hoa cua \ri§t Nam trong giai do^n 1986-1995, 1996-2013 (trich tli trang web: http://www.cuatoms.gov.vn/Lists/
ThongKeHaiQuan/, truy cap nglky 16/2/2016)
<™ T & g cue Thong ke (2011), Tinh hinh kinh ti - xd h^i Viet Nam miM ndm 2001-2010, Nxb. Thong kg, HU Nai, tr.9.
NHANLVIC KHOA HQC XAH$I stf 1-2017
H A L E HUYEN B a n g 2 : SS listing v a d o a n h t h u k h a c h d u l i c h T h a i L a n - Vifit N a m
B(fn vi tinh: Nghin ngUbi
N a m 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011
K h a c h d u l i c h T h a i L a n s a n g V i § t N a m
23,117 20,773 84,100 222,839 181,820
Kh&ch d u l i c h d e n ViSt N a m
610,6 1.138,9 2.041.529 3.110.415 3.651.299
D o a n h t h u tif k h a c h d u l i c h ciia V i e t N a m ( n g h i n t y d d n g )
-
17,40 30,00 96,00 130,00
T o n g s a n p h a m t r o n g n\i&c ( n g h i n t y d o n g )
2.288,92 4.416,46 8.392,11 19.809,14 25.350,08 Ngudn: Tdng cue Thd'ng kfi vfi T^ng cue Du lich
Theo bang 2, vdi td'c dp tfing trudng binh qufin hfing nfim t h i du lieh Thai L a n ddng gdp dang ke eho n e n k m h tfi' vfi xfi hfii Vifit N a m . Nfim 1995, Vift Nam ddn 610,6 n g h m k h a c h du lich trong dd khaeh du Ueh Thfii L a n sang lfi 23,1 n g h m ngudi"", cM^m 3,78%. Dfin nfim 2000, khfich du hch Thfii Lan deii Viet N a m lfi 20,773 ngMn ngUdi, cMfim 1,82% so vdi td'ng khaeh du lich dfi'n Vift Nam lfi 1.138,9 ngMn ngUdi, m a n g lai tfi'ng t h u lfi 17,40 nghm ty, gdp p h i n tfing tfi'ng san p h i m trong nudc len 4.416,46 ngMn ty*^''*. Nfim 2011, tiong tong sd 3.651.299 ngMn khfich du lich deii Vift Nara tM khfich du lich Thai Lan cMfi'm 181,820 ngMn ngudi"^\
tong t h u du lich dat 130 ngMn ty ddng, gdp p h i n tdng san p h i m tiong nUde dat 25.350,08 ngMn ty da ddng gdp t r e n 5%
GDP vfi tao r a trfin 1,3 trifiu vifc Ifim^^^', xfip tiong TOP 10 t h i trUdng gfii khach dfin d i u cua Vift N a m sau T r u n g Qudc, Hfin Qudc, N h f t Ban, Hoa K^, CampucMa, Dfii Loan, Nga, Malaysia va Uc.
N h u vfy, vdi lUdng khfich Thfii L a n du lich sang Vifit Nam ngfiy cang tfing da mang lai nM^u ldi ich eho n g a n h du lieh Vifit Nam vi nd khdng nhiMg ddng gdp
hfing ngMn ty ddng vao ngan sach nha nUde mfi cdn giai quyet vfih d l viee lfim vfi tao r a ngudn t h u n h f p cho ngUdi lao dpng.
- Ve v a n hda - xa hoi: Su tUdng ddng ve vfin hda, xfi hdi lfi cd sd t h u f n ldi d l hai nUde t a n g cUdng xay dUng mdi quan hf giao lUu giiia nhfin dfin h a i nUdc. Quan hfi vdi Thfii Lan khdng ngCtng phfit t r i l n n h a m thiie d l y efie chUdng t r i n h ve khoa hpc - cdng nghfi, y t ^ t h i thao, giao due - dfio tao, hdp tae p h a t trifin ngudn nhfin lUe, ehd'ng budn bfin p h u nQ vfi tie em d Vift Nam... Dfic bift, h a i nUde da khai trUdng Lang HiM nghi Vift - Thfii tai t m h Nakhon Phandm - dfiy lfi b i l u tUdng quan trpng cua t M h hiM nghi giQa n h a n dfin h a i nUdc.
Tha ba, quan fii giOa Thdi Lan vdi Viet Nam gidp Viet Nam cd lOi thi fufn trong viic quan fii vdi cdc niidc ldn, diin hinh Id My vd Trung Quoc
" " Laong khfich qufic t ^ Aia Viet Nam ttt nfim 1995 - 2003 (trich til trang web: http://vietnamtourism,gov.vn/
index.php/items/1392, truy cSp ngfiy 18/2/2016).
''* http://www.gso.gov.vn
"^ Khach quoc t^ den Vict Nam thang 12 vfi ca nfim 2011 (trich ttt trang Web: http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/
index.php/items/9110, truy cSp vfio ngfiy 18/2/2016).
' " ' Tong cue Du ljch: D l du lich lft?t Nam xiing dang Ik ngfinh kinh tg'mui nhon, 2/12/2012.
stf 1-2017 NH&N LlflC KHOA HI)CXAH$r ^
TrUdc dai cMen thfi" gidi thU Hai, Thai Lan la nUdc duy nhdt trong k h u vUc Ddng Nam A khdng trd thfinh thupc dia eua cfic cUdng qufic phUdng Tfiy nhd c h m h sach ngoai giao "cfiy tie" m^m deo, linh hoat.
TQ lau, quan hfi giQa cfic nUdc Idn vdi Thfii Lan ludn duy tri d the" can bfing. Ngfiy nay, kM cfic eUdng qufi'c ldn t r e n t h e gidi ( n h i t la My vfi T r u n g Qudc) esm dU di hdp tfic nhUng eimg ki^m che canh t r a n h dii dpi thi Thai L a n vfin k h d n kheo duy t r i quan hf m i m deo vdi cfic nUde dd. Xet ve m f t dia chMh tri, k h u vUc Ddng Nam A khdng t h i nfim ngoai p h a m vi a n h hudng eua ca Trung Qud'c vfi My. Nhfin td' My vfi Trung Qud'c a n h hudng trUc tiep tdi quan hf qud'c te cua k h u vUc Ddng Nam A ndi ehimg vfi Vifit Nam ndi rieng. Cfie nUdc co g i n g tao n e n sU cfin bfing cMen lUdc trong quan he vdi ea h a i nude nfiy, trong dd difin Mnh lfi Thfii Lan.
Thfii Lan vfi My d a cd mdi quan hf gan kfi't tQ rfi't lfiu. Thai L a n lufin lfi ddng minh t m efy cua My trong phong trao chdhg chu nghia efing s a n quyet h e t n h a t d Ddng Nara A. TQ nfim 1955, Thai L a n tiMg sat canh bfin My trong Td chQc Hiep Udc phdng t h u Dong N a m A (SEATO) va gdp p h i n tich cUc trong cMdn t r a n h dac bifit tfing cUdng cua My d Lfio 1960, trong cMen t r a n h d Viet Nam... Ngfiy nay, mfc du trong xu the^ hdi n h f p vfi tofin c l u hofi ciia n^n kinh te^ t h e gidi, Thfii L a n cd thfim nhiMg mdi quan h e khfic nhU vdi cdng ddng ASEAN, vdi T r u n g Qufic... nhUng quan hf My - Thfii L a n vfin Ifi mdt trong nhQng moi quan hf song phUdng h€t sQc quan trpng. Trong q u a n hfi a n n i n h q u a n sU vdi My, Thai L a n p h a i lUa c M l u My - dd eimg lfi mdt trong nhihig dae diem ndi b f t cd t i n h ehfirt t r u y e n thd'ng eua n e n
ngoai giao Thai Lan. M y dUa Thai Lan trd thfinh "ddng minh pM NATO", My mudh k h a n g dinh thfim q u a n h f hdp tfie qufin sU, a n ninh giQa My vfi Thfii L a n vfin tiep tue trong the^ ky mdi. Thai L a n td r a khon kheo tiong vifc dUa nhiMg quan h f hdp tae tQ song phUdng vdi My thfinh nhiMg quan hf da phUdng p h u hdp vdi t i n h h i n h dia chinh t r i mdi eua t h e ky XXI.
Trong quan hf Thai Lan - Trung Qudc, tien phUdi^ difin ldi ich qudc gia, h a i nUdc da ky "Tuyfin bd' chung ve ke hoach hfinh ddng eho thfi'ky XXT' (1999), Bd Ngoai giao Thai Lan dfinh gia eao va cho rfing dd tuyfin bo chung cd t m h e h l t budc ngof t thfi^
ky nfiy. Dfiy lfi mdt ke' hoach cd t i m cd vi nd d a n h d a u sU hdp tfic ciMg phfit t r i l n giQa Thfii L a n v a T n m g Qudc trong sud't mdt t r a m nfim tdi. Q u a n h e hdp tac song phUdng Thai L a n - T r u n g Qufic dfi p h a t t r i l n vUdt bfe ca ve chinh t r i ngoai giao, kinh tfi^ va a n ninh. Tren phUdng difn khu vUc, quan hf h a i nUde chinh lfi c M ^ c l u ndi T r u n g Qudc vdi ASEAN. Thai Lan lfi ngUdi dan dUdng cho Trung Qudc t h a m gia vfio cfic chUdng t r i n h hdp tac ciia khu vUc k l ca ehinh tri, kinh t e va a n ninh qufin sU.
Dd la cfic chUdng t r i n h xfiy dUng nhiMg Tfl gific kinh te, chUdng t r i n h hdp tac tilu vimg Me Cong, ChUdng trinh xay dUng dudng xuyen A, chUdr^ t r i n h AFTA, v.v...
Tren phUdng dien quoc te', Thfii L a n vfi T n i n g Qufic deu cd nhihig y dd cMeh lUde n h u n h a u , cho r i n g Lien hdp qufic ed anh hudng quan trpng dfii vdi on dinh tiong k h u vUc vfi sU cd mfit ciia My khdng phai lfi nhfin t d duy n h i t tiong vifc giQ gin a n ninh k h u vUc. Thai Lan u n g hd Trung Qudc p h a t t r i l n ldn m ^ vfi hy vpng sU p h a t trien di lfin cua T n m g Qudc se ed ldi eho a n piTih va thUdng mai ciia Thfii Lan.
QUJI NK&H LVC KHOA HQC XAHOI stf 1-2017
H A L E HUYEN N h u vfiy, mdi quan hf mfit tMet giQa Thli
Lan vfi cfic nude ldn, dien hinh la My va Trung Qufic se tao nMeu thufn led hdn cho Viet Nam trong quan hfi vdi cac nUdc ldn.
3.2. Tdc dgng tdi Thdi Lan Tha nhdt, quan hi hai nUdc tdt dep se giup tgo ra mdi trUdTig an ninh hOp tdc khu vUc cho Thdi Lan
CMen t r a n h Lsinh kfit thuc dfi tao r a trang thfii da cUc, efi'u tiiic an m n h k h u vUc dang tMeii sU can bang, gia tfing bfi^t dn. Khu vUc Dfing Nam A gfip nhifiV thach thUc lifin quan tdi an n i n h toan c l u , dd lfi cac mdi de doa nhU t r a n h c h i p d b i l n Dong hay ban dao Trieu Tifin, phi truyen thfi'ng nhu xung dot xfi hdi, kinh tfi', thfich thQc vdi dan ehu hofi, tMfin tai, a n ninh lUdng thUc, khiing bd qufi'c te, buon lfiu ma tiiy, bien ddi kM hau... D l giai quyet nhiMg thach thQc nfiy, Thai L a n va Vift Nam tfing eUdng ddi thoai d l nfing cao hieu biet, hdp tae va hd trd lfin n h a u eimg nhu dem deh cd hpi va sU h§ trd doi vdi cfic qud'c gia gap vfih d l trong nUdc. Hdp tae tdt vdi Vift Nam, Thai L a n se h a n che' dUde nhiMg thach thQc lifin q u a n d^n t i n h Mnh an ninh k h u vUc, t a n g cUdng hdp tac chdng khung bd' Hdi giao eUc doan d ehau A hay n h f n dang cfic mfii de dpa v^ an mnh mang mdi, tinh h i n h phQc t a p b b a n dao Trilu Tifin, h a y cae v a n di ve cfing nghe quan sU, t h a e h thQc a n m n h hfin quan den viee di cU.
N h u vfy, q u a n h f h a i nUde td't dep se han chfi' dUdc sU lfii keo, t r a n h gianh cua cac nUdc ldn dd'i vdi Thfii Lan, hdp tac se giai quyet cac v i n d l an m n h k h u vUc, cung cd' ASEAN vfi dfe bifit giai quyet dUde nhQng v i n dfi^ p h a t sinh trong quan h f n p i b f i e u a h a i n U d c .
Tha hai, Viit Nam Id mgt ddi tdc quan
stf 1-2017
trgng giup phdt triin kinh ti, gdp pfidn thuc ddy giao liiu vdn hda, xd hgi Tfidi Lan.
Vdi thi tiUdng 90 trifu dfin cua Vift Nam, Thai L a n xae dinh dd la lfi mdt t h i trUdng ldn rfi't tiem nfing. Vfi trfin thUe ti, hfing nfim kim ngaeh xua't k h i u cua Thai L a n sang Vift N a m cMdm ti t r p n g ldn.
Kim ng^ch x u 3 l k h i u cua Thai L a n sang Vift N a m nfim 2011 lfi 7.059 t y USD.
cMfi'm 3,17% so vdi tfi'ng kim ngach xufi't k h i u cua Thfii L a n nfim 2011 la 222.574 t y U S D " ^ , gdp p h i n tfing trUdng GDP eua Thai L a n 0,1%'^^'. Vift N a m la b a n h a n g diMg thQ 9 t r o n g td'ng, sfi' 34 b a n hfing Thai Lan x u a t k h i u n h i e u n h a t trong nfim 2011.
B a n g 3 : 1 0 b a n h a n g T h a i L a n xua't k h a u n h i e u n h a t t r o n g n a m 2011
Dan vi: Ty USD
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Nifcfc The giai T r u n g Qu6c Nh&t B a n My Malaysia H6ng K6ng Singapore Indonesia Uc VIM N a m AnD8 24 niidc khac
K i m n g a c h xuS't k h a u 222.574
26.250 23.869 21.781 12.398 11.952 11.423 10.078 7.997 7.059 5.181 84.586
Tyie
%
100 11.79 10.72 9.79 5.67 5.37 5.13 4.53 3.59 3.17 2.33 38.01 iV(?«ort;http://www.ops3.raoc.go.th/infor/h s/export/expori_commodity/report.asp, 2011
"^ Export of Thailand classified by commodity, Information and communication technology center with cooperation of. the customs department, http://www.ops3.moc.go.th/infor/hs/export/export_com modity/report.asp, 2011.
"^® Ho sd Thi trttSng Thai Lan, Ban Quan h | Qu5c t^
V i c e , tr.5, thfing 4/2014.
N H A N LUC KHOA HQC XA Hfii Qjg
Vifit Nam lufin lfi b a n h a n g ldn cua Thai Lan, t i n h t r a n g n h f p sifiu cua Vift Nam vfin cdn gia t a n g h a n g nfim. Bfin canh nhiMg ddng gdp v^ thUdng mai, sU phat trien eua du lich trong q u a n hfi h a i nUdc eimg gdp p h i n q u a n trpng vfio qufi trinh phfit t r i l n eua kinh tfi' Thai Lan.
Ngfinh du heh Thai L a n cM^m khoang 6.5% GDP tofin qudc. Nfim 2011, sfi'lUdng khaeh du lich Vift N a m d^n Thfii L a n la 430,000 ngMn ngUdi*^'", trong t^ng so" hdn 19 trifiu khach du lich tdi Thfii Lan, t a n g 19.84% so vdi nfim 2010. Thai L a n dfi t h u dUdc 734.6 ty baht nfim 2011,tang 23.92%
so vdi n a m 2010'^®.
Quan hfi giQa Viet N a m va Thfii Lan, bfin canh sU thuc d l y ve kinh tfi' phfit triln, cdn gdp p h i n thuc day giao lUu vfin hda, xfi hdi. Trung tfim Van hda vfi Ngdn ngQ Vift Nam tai TrQdng P a t h u m t h e p W i t t h a y a k a m tai t i n h Nong Khai vfi Trung tfim Hi3u nghi N a k h o n Phanom da tifi'n hfinh ngMen cQu ngfin ngQ vfi vfin hda Vift N a m d l h a i nQde tfing cUdng M l u biet lfin n h a u . CMnh p h u Thfii Lan, thdng qua Bd Ngoai giao vfi nMeu trUdng dai hpe Thai Lan ti^p tuc cfi'p ngfiy cfing nMeu hpc bd'ng cho sinh vien Viet N a m hpc ea bfing tifihg Thfii vfi ti^ng Anh; ddng thdi, khuyen kMeh cfic doanh ngMep Thai day tifing Vift cho nhfin vifin de t a n g cUdng hdp tac kinh te, du lich.
Tha ba, quan he kinh ti cua hai niidc cUng tgo ra khd ndng phdi fiOp vd cgnh tranh trong mgt sd ngdnh hdng xudt kfiau.
TQ lau. Thai Lan cd t h a m vpng canh t r a n h vdi hfing Trung Qud'c d Dong N a m A. Thai Lan chpn ASEAN de lfim bfin dap tien r a cac nQde chau A vfi qud'c t^. Thfii [QD NHAN Lire KHOA HOCXA Hfii
Lan Mdn dfit Viet N a m la doi tac quan trpng. Doanh ngMfip h a i nUde cd nMfiu mat h a n g tUdng ddng cd t h i hdp tfic vdi n h a u , vi du: gao, hd tieu, dUdng, hai san, t r a i cay, linh kifin difn tQ, hfing tifiu dQng, do may mac... Cfic mfit hfing x u a t k h a u cua Thai L a n va Viet N a m tUdng doi gid'ng n h a u trimg ldi thfi' so sfinh, tuy nMfin mQc dp eanh t r a n h la khfi eao. Nfim 2005, Thai L a n cung ldi thfi' so s a n h vdi Vift Nam 13/17""* m a t hfing (cfi, tfim, gao, q u i n ao, gifiy dep...). Do do, mQc dp canh t r a n h xufi^t k h i u giiia Vifit N a m vfi Thai Lan trfin thi tiudng trong nUde vfi t h e gidi la dieu d§ xay r a .
Khoang each dia ly g i n cung nhiMg chinh sach cdi md v^ thue' quan cua Cfing ddng kinh te' ASEAN (AEC), cung kMen k h a n a n g canh t r a n h cua hfing Thai Lan se cao hdn. Vifc v f n c h u y i n h a n g hoa tQ Thai L a n v€ Vift N a m rfi't ddn gian, tien lpi. Ben eanh dd, pMa Thfii Lan cimg ed cMet khfi'u rfi't Qu dai, nfin t h u hQt dUdc nMeu dai ly k i n h doanh h a n g Thfii. Quan trpng hdn, hfing Thai L a n ve chat lUdng dfi dUdc khfing dinh tQ nMeu nfim nay, mfiu m a tM k h a phong phu, ngudn hang cd thudng xuyfin lai khdng phai lo v l dfi an toan vfi chfiit lUdng nhU hfing Trung Quoc nfin dUde nM^u k h a c h hfing u a chuong.
Thfich thQc d i u tifin dupc dfit r a Ifi doanh ngMfp Vift N a m phai lam ^ d l khfing
<*" http://www.n80.go.th/ (Cd quan thong ke Qu6c gia Thai L a n - N S O T ) .
"^ H 6 sd Thi trUdng Thfii Lan, Ban Quan h? Quoc t^
V i c e , tr.3, 2012.
"^ Le Quoc PhUdng, Ddnh gid mi^ do cgnh tranh vd bo sung giSa Viit nam vdi cdc doi tdc thucfng mgi chinh, Tap chi Quan ly kinh te, Vi§n Nghien cflu quan ly fcinli tg'Trung vtOng, sS' 1+2 nSm 2009, tr. 10.
stf 1-2017
H A L E HUYEN danh mat t h i p h i n vao tay ngUdi Thai,
gan gid'ng n h u vfih de ddi vdi hfing T n m g Qudc doi sfich q u a n tipng n h a t de canh t r a n h vdi h a n g nude ngoM ndi ehung, hfing Thfii Lan ndi rieng lfi doanh ngMfp Vift N a m phai n a n g cao chat lUdng san phlra, to chQe Meu qua cfic chuoi khdp k m t u san xuat ddn phfin phdi.
Tha ta, quan fii vdi Viit Nam se tgo ca figi cho Tfldi Lan n&ng cao vi tfii d Ddng Nam A luc dia.
Vdi tilm lUe kinh tfi^ Thfii Lan raanh hdn Vift Nam, lai cd moi q u a n h e tfi't vdi Trung Quoc trong 10 nUdc ASEAN vfi khfing cd ba[t cQ t r a n h c h i p l a n h tho nfio vdi Trung Quoc. T h a i L a n dang ddng mot vai trd quan trpng la dieu phoi vien qufi'e gia cua q u a n h e ASEAN - T r u n g Qufi'c ndi chung, Vift N a m - T r u n g Qud'c ndi rifing v^ van de b i l n Ddng.
Vfih de a n n i n h b i l n Ddng la mot van de quan trpng c l n phai dUdc giai quyet d l tifinh dfi'i d i u . NhiMg cfing t h a n g g i n dfiy giQa Trung Qudc va Vift N a m ve v a n d l biln Ddng da cho thiiy vfih de an ninh dang tid nen thUe t ^ h d n . NMn chtmg, Thfii Lan cd quan he tot vdi cfic nUde ASEAN, dd lfi dieu quan tipng de xfiy dUng Idng tm. Do dd, Thfii Lan cd t h i sii dung sQc m a n h ngoai giao cung cac a n h hudng khac cua nunh d l giam bdt efing t h i n g trong k h u vUe bfing efieh dUa Trung Qufic va cfic qufi'c gia yeu sach d^n bfin soan thao COG - dd la mdt thfieh thQc ldn. NhQng hoat dpng cua Thfii L a n thfinh edng se gia tfing vi the' i ^ o a i giao cua Thfii Lan trong edng ddng qud'e tfi^ vi Thfii Lan cd ti^ng ndi quan tipng h e n quan dd'n quan hfi eua k h u vQc vdi
Trung Qudc, day cMnh lfi cd hpi eho Thfii Lan ngfiy cfing nfing cao vi thfi' cua minh d bfin dao Ddng DUdng.
Tha ndm, Tfidi Lan cd tfii phoi fWp vdi Viet Nam trong viec ldm gidm thdi do qud khich cua mgt sd'phdn ta d Campuchia.
Trong qufi khQ, vdn d$ CampucMa cMnh lfi nhfin to' q u a n trpng cM phdi radi quan h e cua h a i nQde lfing gilng Thai Lan - Viet N a m giai doan 1979-1991. Nguyen nhfin lfi do hfinh ddng gfiy h i n , xfim p h a m chu quyin, lfinh thd va de dpa an ninh Vifit N a m eua cMnh quyen Polpot. Sau dd lfi vife Vift N a m dUa quan vao giup n h a n dfin CampucMa thoat khdi chfi' dp dift chung Polpot. Trong bdi eanh dd. Thai Lan dfi hpp tfic vdi Trung Qud'c t i l p tay cho Khmer do ciMg vdi sU h f u thufin cua mdt so nUde kMfin cho vfih Ai CampucMa phQc t^p hdn rfi't n M l u . Vfih d l Campuchia cM dupe giai quyet kM cfic nude dfi thay rd tMfin cM cua Vift N a m nen dfi t h a y dfii t h a i dp tQ dfii d i u ehuyen sang doi thoai.
Vift Nam, Thfii L a n vfi CampucMa n h f n r a rfing khdng t h i cd dUdc sU phat t r i l n k m h t l b i n viMg khi mfi trong khu vUc vfin cdn cMen tianh va xung ddt. Xuat phfit tQ q u y i n ldi sat sUdn cua minh, ASEAN ndi chung. Thai Lan ndi rifing cung vdi Viet N a m M l u r a i ^ , can phai cd sU hdp tac vdi n h a u trong vifc giai q u y l t mfiu thufin "Vfih d l CampucMa" d l thue d l y sU phfit trien. Qua v a n de CampucMa h a i qudc gia lfing gifi'ng Thfii Lan va Vift Nam dfi r u t r a dUdc nhiMg bfii hpc d l tQ dd cd t h i khfic phuc nhQng rafiu thufin d l khdng hi lap lai. Hai nUde c l n phat huy nMeu hdn nQa nhiMg Uu d i l m d l dUa mfii
stf 1-2017 N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q Q
quan he ngay cfing phfit trien ben vQng.
Quan hf tot giQa Thai Lan va Viet Nam se tao r a ap lUe de giQ vQng mdi trudng dn dinh, hi3u nghi vdi CampucMa, khdng d l cho Cmpuchia ldi dung bfin nfiy de ehd'ng ddi bfin kia, phd'i hdp Viet N a m - Thfii L a n - Carapuchia de giam thfii dd qua khich eua mdt sd' p h a n tQ CampucMa. Ngfiy nay, dudi sU tfic ddng eua mpt sd p h i n tQ qufi khich hfin q u a n den v i n de xung dfit bien gidi Vift Nam - Campuchia va bien gidi Thfii L a n - Campuchia, h a i nUde Thai L a n - Vifit N a m cung phoi hdp vdi n h a u di giai q u y l t nhiMg rafiu thufin tren. S Q tfing cUdng hdp tac eua Thai L a n vfi Vift Nara khdng chi giup t i n h h i n h k h u vUe thfim dn dinh mfi cdn cd vai trd q u y l t dinh khdng nhd d i n sU p h a t trien va hdi nhfip sfiu rdng hdn cua td chQe ASEAN trong tUdng lai.
4. Ket l u a n
Nghifin cQu ve q u a n hf Thai L a n - Vifit Nam tQ nfim 1991 dfin n a m 2011 ndi b f t xu hudng hdp tfic lfi chu dao vfi t m h toan difn sau sac ngay cang cao. Vi the, q u a n hf Thfii L a n - Vift N a m da gdp p h i n tfic ddng khdng nhd tdi nfii t i n h h a i nUdc. M ^ quan he nay dfi tao r a mdi trUdng an ninh hdp tfic k h u vi;le va lfi dm tac kinh te, vfin hda - xa hdi q u a n trpng cua nhau. Ddng thdi, quan h f vdi Thfii L a n giup Vift Nam cd ldi thfi' hdn trong vifc quan hfi vdi cac nude ldn. NgUdc lai, q u a n hf vdi Viet Nam se tao ed hdi eho Thfii L a n nfing cao vi t h e d bfin dao Dfing DUdng vfi ed t h i phfii hdp eung n h a u trong vifc lara giara t h a i dp qufi kMeh cua rafit sd p h i n txl d CampucMa. NhU vfy, hdp tfic h a i nUdc
ngfiy eang phfit t r i l n m a n h me ddng gdp khdng nhd eho qua t r i n h xfiy dung mdi q u a n h f hQu nghi, b i n vQng cua Thai Lan vfi Viet Nam.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. T r l n Khfinh (2014), Hop tdc vd cgnh tranh chiin lUOc My - Trung d Ddng Nam A ba thgp niin ddu sau ChUn tranh Lgnh, Nxb. T h i g i d i , Hfi Ndi.
2. N g u y i n Tudng Lai (2001), Quan hi Viet Nam. • Thdi Lan trong nhOng ndm 90, Nxb. Khoa hpc xfi hfii, Hfi Ndi
3. Hofing Khfic N a m (2007), Quan hi Viet Nam - Thdi Lan 1976 • 2000, Nxb.
Dai hpc Qud'c gia H a Npi, H a Npi.
4. Lfi Qufi'c PhUdng, Ddnh gid mOc dd cgnh tranh vd bd sung giOa Viet Nam vdi cdc ddi tdc thUcfng mgi chinh, Tap cM Q u a n 1^ kinh t l , Vifin NgMen cQu quan 1;^
k m h t l T r u n g Udng, sfi' 1-1-2 n a m 2009.
5. ThanyatMp Sripana (2010), Quan fii giaa Tfldi Lan - Viit Nam ta Chiin tranh Lgnh din hien tgi vd tUOng led, Khda Khoa hpc Xa hfii, TrQdi^ Dai hpc Chulalongkom, Bfing Cfic, Thfii Lan.
6. Tdng cue Thfihg kfi (2011), Tinh hinh kinh ti- xa fidi Viit Nam mi^ ndm 2001- 2010, Nxb. Thfihg ke, Hfi Ndi.
7. Tdng cue Thdhg ke (2016), Nien giam Thdhg ke 2015, Nxb. Thfing kfi, Hfi Nfii.
8. Inforraation a n d communication technology center with cooperation of t h e customs department, http://www.pps3.moc.go.th/
9. P a v m Chachavalpongpun (2010), Reinventing Thailand: Tfiaksin and His Foreign Policy, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Smgapore.
[ Q NHANLUI; KKOA Hpc XAKfil stf 1-2017
