17
NHLTNG KET QUA QUAN TRONG VA MOT SO DE X U A T D E T I E P TUC PHAT TRIEN DlT AN KHAO SAT VA NGHIEN CUtJ BIEN PHOI HOP VIET NAM - PHILIPPIN
TREN BIEN DONG
Nguyen Tac An, Bui Hong Long Vien Hai duong hpc, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
Md DAU
Bien Dong rong 3.537 nghin km , co dp sau trung binh la 1.024m, co tong lupng nuac la 3.623 nghin km^, la bien Ion thir hai tren the giai. Bien Dong nam trong viing An Dp-Tay Thai Binh Duong (Indo-West Pacific) la mot trong 4 trung tam eo da dang sinh hpc bien cao nhat ciia the giai, nen nguon Igi sinh vat bien rat phong phu, giau CO (E.A. Norse, 1993; Peter K.L.Ng, K.S. Tan, 2000). Co 11 quoc gia va thuc the bao bpc xung quanh Bien Dong: Viet Nam, Trung Quoc, Brunei, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Malayxia, Indonexia, Hong Kong, Ma Cao, Dai Loan, Philippin... Day la viing bien co vi tri chien luge quan trpng, la khu vuc kinh te soi dong, CO nguon loi, tai nguyen bien da dang. Bien Dong la viing nhay cam trong cae moi quan he quoc te va co nhieu cac van de lien quan den moi truang, nguon loi, tai
nguyen. "' Sang kien to chiic hgp tac dieu tra, khao sat Bien Dong giira Viet Nam va
Philippin ciia Chii tich Le Dire Anh va Tong thong Fiddel V. Ramos, da ma ra nhtrng trang moi trong lich sir hgp tac nghien cim khoa hpc bien va dai duong ciia hai nuac. Dac biet la trong boi canh the giai hien nay khi tai nguyen, nguon loi, moi truang bien va dai. duong dang ngay cang tra nen quan trpng va hue thiet doi vai timg quoc gia, khu vuc va quoc te. Tir mot du an hgp tac song phuong ciia Viet Nam va Philippin, sau 12 nam phat trien, hien nay co kha nang tra thanh du an hgp tac da quoc gia, dang dugc nhilu nuac quan tam, dac biet la ciia mot so nuac nhu Lao, Campuchia, Trung Qule, Nhat Ban, My, Phap, Han Quoc... Dieu do khang dinh su thanh cong ciia du an trong viec to chirc thuc hien, viec giai quyet cac muc tieu.
nhiem vu khoa hpc dat ra va kh^ng dinh vai tro quan trpng ciia sir hgp tac khu vuc va quoc tl trong cac chuong trinh dieu tra, khao sat bien, nhat la cac viing bien hct
18 Chucmg trinh Hop \6c Khoa hoc & Cong nghe Viet_Nomj_fhjliPPi;
sire "nhay cam" nhu Biin Dong. s Trong bao cao nay, chimg toi tap trung phan tich, gioi thieu ngin gpn nhung gia
tri va y nghia khoa hpc, thuc tiln, y nghTa dii ngoai va chinh tri... ciia cac ket qua quan trpng da dat dupe. D6ng thai, chiing toi cung mu6n trao doi mot vai y kien va dl xuk cho viec phat triln cac du an hgp tac nghien ciru Bien Dong trong nhung nam tai.
I. NHLTNG GIA TRI VA Y NGHIA CUA CAC KET QUA QUAN TRONG DAT DU'OC CUA DU" AN
Trong hon 12 nam hgp tac, du an da triln khai dugc 4 dgt khao sat, dieu tra phoi hgp voi sir tham gia ciia hon 115 lugt can bp khoa hpc va quan ly ciia hai nuoc. Da to chirc* 7 hoi thao, hoi nghi khoa hpc o Viet Nam va Philippin. Da trinh bay, thao luan va cong bo nhieu ket qua quan trpng (Bang 1).
Bang 1: Mot so thong tin chu yeu cua 4 6(y\ 6\ku tra khao sat hon hp-p
Thd! gian thLPC hien Nu'6c chu tri
Noi dung dieu tra, khao sat
So lu'O'ng tham gia
Ket qua
Chuyen 1 18/4-9/5/1996
Philippin
Vat ly; Hoa hoc;
Sinh hgc; Dia chat; Sinh thai ran san ho
Viet Nam: 12 pgyoi
Philippin: 13 ngu'oi
Khao sat 20 tram Hoi thao khoa hoc: 22- 23/04/1997 tai Ha Noi
13 bao cao du-gc trinh bay
Xuat ban ky ydu
Chuyen 11 27/5-2/6/2000
Vi^t Nam Vat ly; Hoa hgc;
Sinh hgc; Dia chat;
Sinh thai hgc Vi^t Nam: 15 ngu-oi Philippin: 14 ngu-ai
Khao sat 23 tram Hgi thao khoa hgc:
22-26/4/1997 tai Manila
Chuyin 111 14-26/4/2005
Philippin
Vat ly; Hoa hgc;
Sinh hgc; Dia chat; Sinh thai hgc Viet Nam: 11 ngu'oi
Philippin: 19 ngyai
Khao sat 23 tram Hgi thao khoa hgc: 27/2- 1/3/2007 tai Cebu, Philippin
12 bao cao du'g'c trinh bay
Chuydn IV 14/4-29/4/2007
* Viet Nam
Vat ly; Hoa hgc, Moi tru'ang; Sinh vat; Dia chat; Da dang sinh hgc; Doc to hgc
Viet Nam: 13 ngu-ai Lao: 1
Philippin: 16 ngu-ai Khao sat 19 tram mat rong va 20 tram a cum dao Jackson Hgi thao khoa hgc:
2/5/2007 tgi Dumaguete
8 bao cao du'g'c trinh bay
L Mot SO ket qua khoa hoc va gia trj thyc tien
Cac dir lieu dieu tra phan tich dugc trong 4 dgt khao sat da thuc hien (Banc i) ^ chimg mimh va lam ro nhimg dac trung mang tinh dia phuong ciia cac qua trinh'hai ^
Ky yeu- HOI NGHI T 6 N G KET CAC CHUYEN KHAO SAT NCKH BIEN FHCi HOP VIET NAM - PHIUPPIN TREN BIEN EXDNG | g
duong hpc, sinh hpc, dia chat..., cac dac trung da dang sinh hpc: cac he sinh thai, thanh phan loai \ a nen tang moi truang (environmetal foundation) cua Bien Dong.
Di sau phan tich. Bien Dong la mot he sinh thai ca Ion (large marine ecosystem) gom nhieu he cap nho hon va co cae vai tro chirc nang sinh thai quan trpng doi vai su phat trien ciia cac quoc gia \ a chu the a xung quanh, ciia khu vuc Chau A va quoc te. Dac biet, Biin Dong da ganh vac cac chirc nang nhu han che tac dong ciia thien tai, chirc nang moi truang. sinh thai, chirc nang cung img va dich vu cho cac loai hinh kinh te bien. Dieu nay, bat bupc cong dong cac nuac xung quanh khu vuc Bien Dong phai co trach nhiem quan ly. khai thac sir dung cac nguon Igi tai nguyen moi truang bien hgp ly, ben virng trong khuon kho, yeu cau ciia chien luge an ninh sinh thai (eco-security) Bien va Dai duong toan cau, de img pho vai tac dgng do khi
hau toan cau thay doi. * Nhung ket qua do, buac dau da dap img nhimg cong viec chuan bi cho viec thuc
hien chien lupc trung ban ciia khu vuc trong giai doan 2008-2013. Co the noi, do la nhung CO sa khoa hpc nen tang de chimg ta hieu sau hon ve Bien Dong va to chirc hgp tac xay dung cae du an nham dat muc tieu trung ban ciia Uy ban lien Chinh phii ve Hai duang hpc (IOC Medium-Term Strategy), bao gom:
- Canh bao va giam thieu tac hai ciia thien tai;
•• Giam nhe nhung tac dong do su thay doi va bien dong ciia khi hau toan cau va thich nghi vai no;
' Giir gin* the chat ciia cac he sinh thai dai duong; va
= The thirc va ehinh sach phiic vu quan ly ben vimg moi truong va tai nguyen viing ven ba va dai duong.
2. Nhung gia trj va y nghTa ve chinh trj, ngoai giao
To chirc thanh cong giai doan dau ciia Chuong trinh hgp tac song phuong nghien cim Bien Dong giua Viet Nam va Philippin trong suot 12 nam qua, ke tir nam 1996- 2008, the hien thien chi hgp tac ciia Viet Nam va Philippin trong viec p.hat trien quan he doi ngoai vi Igi ich chung tren bien. Y nghia quan trpng ve chihh tri, doi ngoai trong qua trinh to chirc trien khai du an da dupe cac nha lanh dao cao cap ciia Viet Nam nhu Chu tich nirae Le Dire Anh. Thii tuong Nguyen Tan Dung, Pho Thii tuong. kiem Bp truong Bp Ngoai giao Ngu\en Manh Cam, Dai sir ciia Viet Nam tai Philippin Nguyin Thac Dinh, Dinh Tich, \Ti Xuan Truong... ciia Philippin nhu T6ng thing Phidel V. Ramos. Tong thong Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Bp truang Bp ngoai giao Alberto Romulo, Dai sir Philippin tai Viet Nam Estrella A. Berenguel ghi nhan va khang dinh trong cae buoi gap go cao cap ciia hai quoc gia, cac buoi gap go vai cac nha khoa hpc cua hai nuoc va tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chiing.
Co the khang dinh. su thanh cong cua du an va nhijng gia tri khoa hpc va thuc tiln ma du an thu dugc la mot minh chimg song dong cho sir hgp tac than thien ciia cac qudc gia vi Igi ich chung. vi sir on dinh khu virc va co y nghia quan trpng trong chiln liroc an ninh sinh thai biin a Bien Dong va. ciia the giai.
2 0 chuong frinh Hop tdc Khoa hoc & Cong nghe Viet Namj_Phi|lPPJn.
IL NHtnVG BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM VA DE XUAT
\ Trong 12 nam t l chirc, triln khai du an hgp tac song phuong, chiing ta rut ra dugc rat nhieu bai hpc bo ich, truoc het la:
- Phai CO CO so phap ly va sir ddng thuan giua cac quoc gia bang cac van ban ky ket o cap cao nhk va cae chuong trinh, kl hoach cu the dugc thong nhat, dong thuan a cac cap thuc hien.
- Phai CO su chu4n bi khoa hpc. dSy dii vl mpi mat truoc khi tien hanh khao sat, dieu tra nhu muc tieu, nhiem vu, khu \ue tien hanh khao sat, thoi gian thuc hien...
- Phai p6 sir phan cong cu the, ro rang, minh bach trong viec thuc hien cac noi dung, nhiem vu, trach nhiem va nghia vu giira cac ben tham gia.
- Cac quoc gia phai co ca che to chirc boat dong mem deo va hieu qua.
- To chuc hoi thao, danh gia, cong bo cac ket qua nghiem tuc va kip thoi.
- Ve phia Viet Nam nen tang cuong bo sung trang thiet bi khao sat bien dong bp va cac thiet bi phan tich, xir ly phii hpp.
IIL KET LUAN
Bien Dong eo vai tro va gia tri rat Ion doi voi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A, cua khu vuc va quoc te. Day la mat bang, gia do cho mpi boat dong kinh tl, xa hoi va quic phong. No CO chirc nang sinh thai, moi truang va cung cap dich vu, tai nguyen cho sir phat trien va on dinh. Van de an ninh sinh thai o Bien Dong c§n dugc cac quIc gia va quoc te hop tac de ciing bao dam. Cac dir an nghien cuu nen tap trung cung cap cae co so khoa hpc de quan ly va khai thac sir dung Biin Dong hgp ly, ben virng. Dac biet trong boi canh quoc te hien nay: xu the toan c^u boa la khong thi cuong noi va khi hau toan cau dang thay doi ma chiing ta ehua c6 nhung crjai phap kha dl de giam thieu va thich nghi.
IV. LOI CAM ON
Xin chan thanh cam on cac nha lanh dao, quan ly ciia Viet Nam va Philippin da chi dao va tao mpi dieu kien ve tinh than, vat chat de du an triln khai dung tiln do va CO ket qua.
Chan thanh ctim on cac nha Hai duong hpc, cae nha nghien ciru, cac can bo tl chirc da tich cue tham gia du an.
Cuoi ciing xin chan thanh cam on tat ca nhimg nha quan ly da tham gia true tilp chi dao trien khai du an. Cu thi : " ;
Ve phia Viet Nam: GS. Dang Vu Minh, GS. Chau Van Minh, GS. Nguyen FChoa Son. GS. Tran Manh Tuan. GS. Biii Cong Que, GS. Nguyin Dinh Cona
ong
Ky yeu. HOI NGH! TONG KET CAC CHUYEN KHAO SAT NCKH BltN PHOI HOP VIET NAM • PHIUPPIN TREN BIEN DONG 2 1
Nguyen Ba Son, ong Pham Hao. ong Pham Tan, ong Luu Truang De....
- Ve phia Philippin: Ngai Alberto A. Encomienda, TS. Angel Alcala...
- Hai chinh phii nen eo ghi nhan, khen thuong, dong vien nhung nha quan ly, khoa hpc da gop phan hoan thanh nhiem vu ciia du an.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHU YEU
1. Nguyen Tac An (2007). The Status and Policies on Exploitation and Protection of Marine Biological resources in Vietnam. Proceedings of the 11'^ International Symposium on the Efficient Application and Prevention of Marine Biological Resources. Nha Trang, Vietnam, 2007.
2. Nguyen Tac An, Bui Hong Long (2007). The Objectives of the IOC medium- term Strategy. Proceeding of Bien Dong conference, Sep. 2007. Nha Trang, Vietnam, 2007.
3. Nguyen Tac An, Tran Cong Huan, Pavlov DS, Nhezdoli VK (2008). The Integrated Approach to Management of Marine Tropical Ecosystems towards Eco-Security in Vietnam. Proceeding of EcoForum 2008, SanPeterburg, Russia.
4. Institute of Oceanography, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (2007). Report on Vietnam-Philippines Joint Oceanographic Marine Scientific Research Expedition in the South China Sea (JOMSRES I-IV) in 1996- 2007.
