VIEN DIA LY VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
NHU NG T A C DONG KHONG M O N G M U O N C U A C A C CONG TRINH TUt\ DIEN T A Y N G U Y E N D E N DOT S O N G D A N C U BI A N H HUONG
Nguyen Nggc Khdnh'
SUMMARY
Gatecrashing impacts from hydroelectric power's projects to rcssctlcment's peoples in Highland regions
The stabilization of people of hydroelectric power's projects has many social consequences in long term, because social problems aren 7 valued during process of resettlements. Therefore in this report the author wants to concern yvith social aspects of resettlements for sustainable development.
1. D A N H G I A SO BO T A C D Q N G C U A VIEC TRIEN KHAI C A c CONG TRINH THUY DIEN T A Y NGUYEN DEN DIEU KIEN UAO DONG, S A N X U A T CUA CAC HO D A N T A I D I N H C U , T A I DINH CANH
1.1. Tong quan
Trudc bet. phai thay tam quan trgng ciia quy hoach phat trien KT-XH cac viing noi chung va ciia vimg Tay Nguyen ndi ricng, cac quy hoach nay deu dua tren cac chidi lirgc phat trien kinh te -xa bdi va the bien cac chien luge dd tren dja ban. Viec phat tridi thuy didi d Tay Nguyen la thuc hien chien luge phat trien nang lugng ciia Dang va Nha nude nham khai thac ngudn tbiiy nang ciia cac he thdng sdng Tay Nguyen phuc vu nhu cau nang lugng cho cac muc tieu phat trien KT-XH khdng chi cho rieng Tay Nguyen nui cdn cho cac vimg khac. Tuy vay trong nhieu trudng hop, van de Bao ve mdi trudng khdng dugc tuan thii, chua tlurc bidi danh gia nidi trudng chien luge, dieu nay dan ddi hau qua:
+ Khdng nhin nhan dugc tac ddng den mdi trudng ciia cac quy hoach, ke hoach, do dd khdng thay dugc anb hudng ciia can bang nude giua cac vimg, nhat la ciia Tay Nguyen vdi duyen hai Trung Bd va Ddng Nam Bd.
+ Khdng xem xd, danh gia ngudn cung cap nude tren toan kru vuc.
-t- Khdng dir bao dugc cac tac ddng xa hdi nhu mat dat, nhu di chuyen dan (cac ludng di cu), v.v. nen khdng chii dgng trong viec quy hoach cac vj tri tai djnh canh, djnh cu, quy hoach ngudn lao ddng, quy hoach quy dat san xuit, v.v. gay rit nhieu xao Iron ve phat trien san xuat. nhat la vl dn djnh xa hgi kbi tiln hanh ddng loat cac dir an phat trien thuy dien tai cac dja dilm cu thi.
+ Do \'ay,_ cac du an phat trien tluiy dien khdng dam bao dugc tinh nhat quan, tuy cimg mdt chii dau tu nhung mdi du an tiln hanh gin nhu ddc lap, khdng cd kl thira, noi tiep, nhieu khi khong thong nhat vdi nhau, nen cd tinh trang tai djnh cu chong xep ldi nhau, \ .\'.
+ Cling do thieu mdt su thdng nhit quan ly lanh thd. nhit la lanh tho vimg, luu virc
^ a nhat ki thieu sir lien ket ciia cac nganh trong qua trinh khai thac mgt ddi tugng tai nguyen
' Vien Phdt trien hen vung vimg Trung Bd. Vien KHXH Viet Nam
844 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S - Ha Ndi. 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA L'r VIET NAM
{ngudn nude bo chira) da dan den vice lam Igi cho nganh kinh le nay (san xull didi) nlurng lam hai cho cac nganh khac nhu tluiy Igi (tieo cdng. hi gia, ki ddn, thay doi mirc nude ngam, v.v,), ndng nghiep (giam pbii sa d ha du. ihieu lurdc day man, v,v.). thu)' san (giam ngii6n Igi tii nhicn. anh hudng den nudi trong \ img cua sdng, v.v.)
+ 1 bieu sir lien ket cua cac quy hoach nganh, ITnh vuc theo lanh tho \i1n2, theo lu'u vuc sdng; thieu danh gia chien luge cac quy hoach nay de kiem tra theo quan he nhan - qua; thieu cac chien luge irng phd vdi cac hau qua lac dgng lich d6n cua hoat dgng kluii thac tliii)' nang tren cac kru \irc, nhat la cac khu vuc dau ngLi6ii nlur Ta) Nguyen, dua den nhfrng hau qua bj tich ddn lai cho den nay thi da cbu)cn cac bicn dgng ve krgng thanh cac bien ddng ve chat tir cac tac ddng ciia pbii trien he th6ng thii) dien tren vimg dau ngudn tai cbinh vimg nay \ a xudng cac viing ha du.
1.2. Tac diing ciia vice trien khai cac cong trinh thuy dien den dn djnh san xuiit vii ddi sdng
Tren binh dicn vT md, di dan - tai djnh cu la hai mang cdng tac bet sire gan qu)di nhau. nhung la bai phan cdng vice lach rdi va ke tiep nhau, trong dd mudn 6n djnh lau dai diri sdng dan cu Ihl phai lam tdt c6ng Uic Uii djnh cu, cdng lac nay doi hdi phai cd quy hoach cu ihe, theo khdng gian lanh tho, theo tiem nang tai nguyen. Viec quy hoach phat trien tluiy didi tren dja ban Tay Nguyen can mdt tam nhin dai dira tren chien luge pluil trien KT-XH vimg va chien luge pluil trien nang krgng qudc gia
- D6i vdi cac cdng trinh di dan quy md Idn thi nen nhin tu tam loan cue ve cac van de kinh te, xa hdi va nhan van de cd nhfrng ddi sach (chien luge) irng xir thich dang bii lai cho ngirdi dan ve mgi mat vat chat va tinh than.
Cho den nay cd rat nhieu y kien khac nhau ve cdng tac danh gia tac ddng moi trudng va tai djnh cu tai cac cdng trinh thuy didi dac bid ve cdng tac tai dinh cu ddi vdi ddng bao dan lgc it ngudi.
1/ Mdt ddt vd he luy cua ddt mat
Dat khdng chi la ngudn tai nguyen ma cdn la tu lieu san xuat quan trgng, dam bao ddi sdng ciia ddng bao cac.dan tdc Tay Nguyen, ddng thdi dam bao an ninh krgng llurc tren vimg dat nay. Theo sd lieu tb6ng ke, tren loan viing; Binh quan dien tich dat lr6ng cay hang nam; 12.936,5 Inr/hg (~l,3ha/hd) hoac 6.196,88 nr/lao ddng (-0,62 ha/lao dgng). Binh quan didi tich sir dung dat trdng kia; -1,44 ha/hd hoac -0,09ha/lao dgng.
Binh quan dien tich sir dung dat tr6ng cay lau nam; ~l,57ha/bd hoac ~0,49ha/hg.
Theo linh loan cho thay, cir san xuat dugc IMW didi thi hang nam mat thu nhap khoang gan 4,5 tan thdc va neu tudi thg trung binh ciia nha may tluiy dien la 50 nam tbi mat 3,240 tan thde/nam d tluiy didi Yaly. hay 67,5 tan tbdc/nam d tbiiy dien Vinh Son, 450 tan tbdc/nam d tluiy dien Plei Krong, 778,5 tan tbdc/nam d tluiy didi An Khe Ka Nak, v.v.., neu tinh mirc an ninh luong thuc trung binh la 30tan/hd/naiii thi hang nam phai dam bao luong tlurc do mat dat de san xuat ra IMW dien ciia mdt nha may thiiy dien tren Tay Nguyen la khoang tir 2 hd (CTTD Vinh So'n) cho den 15 bd (d CTTD Plei Krong), 26 hd (CTTD An Khe Ka Nak) va nhilu nhit la d CTTD Yaly (108 hd). Mat khac, cac CTTD thudng dugc bd tri d cac vimg sau, xa, dac bid khd khan nen quy dat la ngudn tai san vd ciing quy gia, dam bao sir sinh tdn ciia cac hg gia dinh, sir co ket cong ddng budn king.
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th&o - Ha Ndi, 2010 845
VIEN DIA LY VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA L'r VIET NAM
7/ Mdt rims vd he luv cua mdt rims, mat ddt rimg
So xa\ dll san xuit ndng nghiep, ty le dat riing bj mat rat cao, tinh binh quan tren loan \iina Ta) Nguyen binh quan la; dien tich dat san xual lani nghiep; ~156.39ha/lio hoac -886,75 ha/lao ddng; dll rirng san xuat; ~58,0ha/bg hoac -483,44 ha/lao dgng;
runs phdng hd; -30,75 ha/hd hoac -256,29 ha/lao ddng; rirng dac dung; -17,64 ha/hg hoac -147,02ha/lao ddng,
Co Ihl ndi, rimg rit quan trgng ddi vdi sinh ke cua ddng bao Tay Nguyen, la khdns gian sinh tin, nai cung cap cho ba con sinh ke tu nhien, ddng thdi cdn la noi dl hg boa minh vdi moi trudng, Nhung, de san xuat dien nang thi didi tich mat rirng klidng nhd. vi du dl san xuit ra 1 MW, d cdng trinh thuy didi Dak Bic mat 13,4 ha dll cd rirng; CTTD Dik Mek 1 mil 4,0ha; CTTD Dik Mek 2 mIt 5,6ha dll cd rirng; CTTD Ha Se San (Se San 1/5) mIt 15,0ha rirng: CTTD Ddng Nai 5 mat khoang 3,0 ha rirng.
Viec xam hai nguon tai nguyen rirng da lain cho dien tich riing va mirc cung cap tai ncuyen giam siit. dan den he luy la cac ngudn tai nguyen rirng phuc vu cho sinh boat va san xuit tru)ln thing khdng cdn, nhieu nghe truyen thdng mai mdt, nhieu tap quiin khong cdn tbi hien trong cdng ddng nhu di san tbii, kiem may dan giii, kiem cay riing, cay thuoc... Nhu vay, khdng chi kh6ng gian sinh tdn bj bd hep, van boa inuu sinh bj bien ddi ma khong gian sdng cfmg bj tac ddng. Ddi vdi da sd ddng bao ngheo, khoiig cdn kinh tl rirng la mat kinh te tu nhien trudc dan den ddi, ngheo cimg cue (khong con ngudn s6ng lu nhien).
3 Di ddn. ldi dinh cu vd nhung hd luy
Da sd cac c6ng trinh llniy didi tren dja ban Tay Nguyen dugc xay dung tren cac
\'iing cao ngu)'en hoac mien niii bdi; Dja hinh cho phep xay dung dugc cac nha may thuy didi. Mat do dan cu thua cd the lain giam dang ke chi phi thiet hai trong vimg ho.
Va nhu vay, cd the thay, ddi tugng chju thiet bai cbii yeu trong cac vimg la ddng bao cac dan tdc lai cho, cong tac chuyen dan tir cac CTTD cd the coi la bat budc vi cac dien tich li6 chira deu anh hudng den cac khu dan cu, cac khu vuc dat canh tac ciia ddng bao.
S6 lieu thdng ke ve tinh hinh di dan irng vdi cons suat ciia cac CTTD nhu sau;
Ten ho
2. Sou La 3. Hoa Binh
4. Ham Tliuan-Da Mi 5. Yalv
6. Bon Ron 7. Dong Nai 8 8. Dai ninh 9. Thac Ma 10. Can Don 11. VTnh Son 12. Bac Binh
Cong suat dam bao
(MW)
570 570 472 227 108 100 98 55 19 15 13
So ngudi chuyen cho 01 MW
125,0 91,9
24,6 67,2 35,0 24.2 85,6 293,0 11,8
So lien den bii di chuyen (trieu dong) cho 01
MW 6787,02
48,35 1280,29 1451,49 297,57 113,26 966,33 810,15 1057,15 316,73
cho 01 ngudi
54,27
52,06 21,58 8,50 4,68 11,29 11,37 26,87
cho 01 hg
358,87 98,37 242,99 110,30 42,39 25,24 62,53 1221,46 68,22 143,62 Sd dan di chuyen de san xull ra IMW didi nang khdng ddng nhit, tren dja ban Tay Nguyen sd dan phai di chuyin tren IMW a thiiv dien Ha Se San 1/5 ki 3.4 ngirdi; d
&46
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
ihiiy dien Dak Ble ki 20 ngudi; d thiiy didi Ddng Nai 5 ki 3,3 ngudi; Yaly ki 34,9;
Ddng Nai 8 la 35, Vnih Son la 193 ngirdi. Tuy nhien, cfmg cd nhfrng CT^PD khdng phai di chuyen dan do quy md nhd, khdng cd dan cu tni tai khu vuc dir an.
Viec thuc thi cdng lac di dan, tai djnh cu (DD-TDC) tu cac CTTD d Tay Nguyen noi ricng va d nude ta ndi chung chiing chua thuc sir bieu qua, chua thanh cong, vln cdn cd nidt sd tdn tai do nhfrng nguyen nhan cbinh sau; 1/ Thieu danh gia mdi trudng chien luge cho tdng quy hoach phat trien thiiy didi theo vimg va lbeo luu vuc, thieu quy hoach di dan, tai djnh cu trong cac quy hoach tdng the cap vimg va cac dja phuong;
2/ Nhiin thirc vc van dc DD -TDC trong nhieu CT khdng dly dii, gian dan, may mdc; 3/
Cong lac DD -TDC khdng day dii tir khau khao sat, quy hoach, thill kl mdt each chi tiet va di Irudc mdt budc (ca vimg di va vimg den); 4/ Cac hinh thirc DD -TDC thilu da dang chua dugc lira chgn phii hgp vdi dieu kidi cu the ciia tirng du an, vdi tirng dan tdc, tiing vimg mii>n, tirng luu vuc; 5/ Chua gan cdng tac di dan, tai djnh cu vdi phuong hu'dng phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia dja phuong; 6/ Trong nhieu trudng hgp, cbinh sach den hil thieu cu the va chua true tiep den tay ngudi dan, thieu su ket bgp chat che gifra chinh quye 1 dja phuang va ca quan quan ly cdng trinh.
Ngoai ra cdn cd cac tdn tai khac ddi vdi ca cac du an cd thuc hien DD-TDC, mac dii da dugc chuan bj tdt ve mat ky thuat, nhirng lai thieu ca sd khoa bgc xa hdi nhu;
Midi trang cac dieu kidi lir nhien, tai nguyen vimg tai djnh cu chua dugc xem xet day dii, clura cfi tam bao quat, lam long the de dam bao cho boat ddng san xual, sinh sdng lau dai ciia ngudi dan tren vimg dat mdi. Hidi trang cac ca sd ba tang vimg tai djnh cu chua dugc xem xet va danh gia tac ddng xa bdi dimg mirc, nhat la cac tap quan canh tac, tap tue sdng ciia ddng bao, nen phan Idn cac cdng cugc tai djnh cu khdng dam bao mgt cugc song day dii bang nai d cii. Quy hoach sir dung dat viing tai djnh cu chi dugc dc ra mang linh djnh hudng, da gay nen nhfrng khd khan trong td chirc san xuat va nhfrng mau thuan ve sir dung tai nguyen dat tren vimg dat mdi. Trong cac phuang an tai djnh cir cdn it xem xet den cac thay ddi quy hoach tdng the, den quan ly vT md ciia tinb ddi vdi vimg cd dan tai djnh cu. Cac de an ban nhu khdng de cap den viec danh gia kha nang nay sinh cac tac dgng mdi trudng khi xay dung ca sd ha tang mdi cho khu tai djnh cu. Iiau het cac du an deu khdng lien lieu cac xung dot cd the nay sinh ve chia se tai nguyen cung nhu ve khac bid tap quan; cac du an tai djnh cu khdng dugc dua ra ban thao tai cdng ddng, lam chua thau sudt Idng dan d dja phuong. Ve mat mdi trudng - hau het cac du in tai djnh cu clura tinh den cac ke hoach bao ve mdi trudng ch ^ ngudi dan TDC. Cac de an chua neu len mdi lien he cua cac vimg tai djnh cu vdi cac vimg dac b i d nhay cam vdi mdi trudng (Vudn Qu6c gia, khu bao tdn thien nhien, rirng dau ngudn) hoac lien he vdi cac viing de xay ra thien tai (lu kit, lu quel, lu bim da, trugt Id dat...).
Cac phuong an dam bao td chii'c san xuat va ddi sdng cho dan cdn niing ve hinh thuc, mang tinh chii quan ciia ngudi lap phuong an, dua vao cac thdng sd ky thuat ma khdng chii y den cac khia canh xa hdi, cac tap quan cdng ddng, v.v., do dd chua dam bao ben vung ciia cac phuang an TDC, cugc s6ng ngheo khd, khdng dn djnh.
Cdng tac DD - T D C tir cac CTTD la cdng viec bat budc phai dugc trien khai trudc va tiln banh ngay tir budc chuan bj xay dung cac cdng trinh cac nha may thuy dien, nhung bau nhu cdng tac nay bao gid cung cham vi nhieu bat cap, ban che. Van de rd rang d day la thilu sir djnh hudng quy hoach, td chirc lanh thd cu the, chua cd cac mo hinh di dan, tai djnh cu phii bgp, do dd, qua trinh ddi ngheo, cham phat trien da, dang va se cdn tiep tue xay ra tai cac dja phuong cd cac CTTD.
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc Idn th&S- Hd Ndi, 2010 847
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
2.
D A N HGIA ANH HUONG DEN CliQC SONG LAO DONG
SAN XUAT, VANHOA, PHONG Tl C TAP
Q U A NCUA NGUOI
D A NIrons nhfrns nam vira qua. da ban hanh luat vc mdi trirdng, co chinh sach vc din bu va tai dinh cu thich hgp. Doi vdi cac cdng trinh da xa)' dung. Chinh pbii da cho plicp su duns thul tai nsu\en hang nam de xi) dung ca sd vai chat, nang cao va lao dilu kien san xuat cho dong bao cac dan tdc trong vimg bj anh hudng true tiep \'a gian liep.
Nsav tbii) didi Yah. mac dii dugc danh gia la cdng trinh thuc bien tdt nhat lir trudc din na), nlurng \an cln tiln hanh nghien cuu danh gia \ a de ra nhfrng bicn pluip khac phuc nhfrns ton lai \ I dll canh Uic de ba con cac dan tdc cd dicu kidi san xuat,,,
Ddi \di cac c6ng trinh thuy didi sap xa) dimg. nsoai nhfrng muc lieu cli6ng Iii.
san xull didi. cap nude... cdn cd nhidu \ ii lao \'iiii bdi phat trien kinh le xa bdi cho ca klui \ irc dons bao sinh sdng.
Til) \ii\. nhfrng \an de dat ra clio \iing tai djnh cu la;
a_Oiiy ddi han hep, dd cd chu quyen
Mdt trong nhfrng khd khan Idn nhat khi td chirc TDC d cdng trinh lluiy didi hidi na\ do la \ ice lim kidn cac klui x'lrc cd klui nang TDC. Do d khu vuc ven h6, hau hd rtigiis nuang mini md bj ngap sau trong ldng bo, cdn lai chi la ddi mii sudn d6c, dja hinh chia cat, \i vii), \'iec di chuyen thang dirng (di ven) la circ ky khd khan cho ddi s6ns cua nsiriii tai djnh cu, cho dii cac dieu kidi sinh tdn la rat phii hgp, nhung quy dat canh uic trii)cn lh6ng ihi kluing cdn. 0 cac khu vuc TDC xen ghep tbi quy dat khdng con. phai lien hanh thu hoi va phan chia lai quy dat gay anh hudng den ngudi dan lai cho. Con d cac khu TDC tap trung la hoan loan phai thu hdi dat hoac ciia cac ndng - liini IririTiig. hoac ciia cbinh ba con dja phuang. Viec thu bdi dat, phan chia lai quy dat ddi CO nhieu bat ciip tren dja ban Tay Nguyen. Dieu nay cd the minh chirng qua thong ke nlur sau: Theo sinh kc truyen thdng ciia ddng bao tai chd tbi san xuat luong llurc la trgng )cu ddi vdi sir tdn lai ciia cugc sdng, trong dd, ray chiem vj tri trgng yen va la ngu6n s6ng chinh, ngu6ii tai nguyen dat va iigu6n tai nguyen nude gan chat vdi ddi s6ns cua ba con, la ngu6n tu lieu san xuat chinh, tao nen sinh ke bdi vfrng ciia ddng bao. Tuy thudc vao chat dat, viec luan canh ciia ddng bao cd the cd nhfrng chu ky khiic nh:iu 5 - 1 0 nam; 10 -15 nam; 1 5 - 2 0 nam hay lau hon nfra. Theo nhu can luong llurc, mot hg gia dinh nha dai can dien tich de quay vong 5 nam la 38 ha; dl quay vong 10 nam can 75 ha \'a de qua)' vdng 20 nam la 750 ba. Nguon thuc pham truyen thong ciia dong bao dua vao san pham chan nudi va rau dau trong xen tren nuong, vi the, in6i hg Irudc da)' phai cd khoang tren dudi 1.000 ha dll cac loai. Cac ngudn thuc pblin khac do rimg cung cap nhu san pham hai hrgni va san bin chilm vj tri quan trgng Irong ddi sdng cua ddng bao, coi rirng luii nlur bau siia tu nhien, hg khdng chi khai thac cac loai rau qua, cii, mang, nam, chim thii, ca tdm... ma cdn la nai dl bg boa minh vdi moi truang. de cd dtrgc mdt khong gian song, la sir boa quyen gifra van hoa nuru sinh va van hoa moi smb. Vi xiiy, vice phan chia lai quy dll la anb hudng khdng chi din hoat ddig sail xuat nui con ddi cac hoai dgng \an boa. tim linb, tin ngudng, Uip luc sdng ciia cac cong ddng tai ch6. Da) la dilm ylu nhll dc bi kich dgng kbi an ninh luong thuc va sinh ke cua cac cdng d6ng tai cho bi giam sin. Ben canh do ngudn dll ngi) cang ban hep, dat bans phang da hd chi cdn dit ddc. Neu khai thac bins dit die lbeo nghe n6ng ihi doi hoi qu) dat rit Idn. dong thdi khong cd dicu kidi ap dung cdng nghe khoa hgc lidi lien. \ 1 du: qu) dai lam linh cho I hd a \iing mien mii de kim rugng nuong chi can
S4&
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qud'c Ian th&S - Hd Ndi. 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
khoang t-1.5 ba : dai kim nghiep khoang 3-4 ha mdi du an. Trong khi do. cac chi phi ve ,\Ay dung cii lao rudng ddng ngay cang Idn: Chi phi xay dung cai lao rudng dons ciia d6ng bang sdng Cuu long lu 8-10 Iridi d/ba. cho Tay nguyen 15-20 trieu d/ha. cho Tay Bac cd the len den 100 iridi d/ha. Cac chi phi rat Idn, nhirng ndng pham thu dirge qua san xual khdng Idn dii dc dua nhan dan trong vimg dinh cu sdm trd nen giau cd,
Nhfrng giai phap dugc diit ra can phai tao nghe mdi cd nang suat va san hrgns cao phii bgp vdi ddng bao cac dan tdc dong thai tao dieu kicn thu mua san pham. Nhfrng van dc niiy khdng dan gian ddi hdi phai nghien cuu that chat che va khoa hgc, lien quan den chuyen djch ca can kinh te, nhung dd lai la mgt bai loan tuang doi kho. Nhilu Idi giai da dugc ap dung ddi vdi vimg Tay Bac. Tay nguyen nhu trdng cay an qua, chan nu6i dai gia siic, trdng cay cdng nghiep nlur ca phe, che.,, Nhieu viing trong thdi gian dim cd thu nhiip kha ban len nlurng nhieu vimg da trd thanh ganh nang do khdng lim ra dugc noi bao lieu san pham hoac khdng cd ngudn lieu thii nen nhan dan lai trd ve vdi sail xuat cay krong thuc truyen thdng.
b/ Khu vuc cd nhieu ddng bdo ddn Idc it ngirdi de bi tdn thuong
Hau nhu cac viing phat trien thiiy didi lii vimg ddng bao dan tdc it ngudi, phan Idn thudc cac nhdm de bj tdn thuang, Mdt sd dieu tra xa hdi bgc gan day the hidi nuic song ciia ddng bao nhu sau;
Do-n vi: %
TT 1 2 3 4 6 7
Dan toe Kinh Tiiy Dao Muong Thai Ede Se Dang
Muc song kha gia giciu CO 33,32 22,30 0,92 4,62 3,82 14,32
1,00
Miic song tren trung binh 29,98 33,08 6,07 18,94 19,62 26,87 2,55
Mirc song trung binh
32,58 37,76 55,81 61,00 58,82 50,73 17,67
Mirc song kho khan 4,32 6,86 37,20 15,14 17,64 8,03 78,778 Cdng tac dn djnh va phat trien san xmit, ddi sdng cho nluin dan bj anh hudng ciia Ccic CTTD nui ddi tugng phan ddng la ddng bao cac dan lgc thieu sd, vi vay, con nham thuc hidi cac chinh sach uu lien cho ddng bao dan tdc ciia Dang va Nha ntrdc ta.
Trudc day khi clura cd chinh sach tai djnh cu, viec den bii ddi vdi ngudi dan phai di chuyen chi dua tren ca sd tai san hidi trang ciia hg. Rieng ddi vdi van rudng dat ciia ngudi dan, nam 1959 Thii tudng Chinh phii da cd Nghj djnh 151-TTg quy dinh the le lam thdi ve trung dung rudng dat trong dd cd ghi rd; " Nhfrng ngudi cd rugng dat bj trung dung dugc bdi thirdng va trong trudng hgp can thiet dugc giiip giai quyel cdng an viec lam ", quy djnh rd viec giiip dd nhan dan xay dirng lai nha, cira, gieng nude, den bii hoa mau da trdng nui chua kjp thu hoach, td cbirc di chuyen md ma, va " cin cu vao linh binh cu the, phong luc tap quan ciia dja phuong ma giiip cho bg mgt sd lien thich dang lam phi tdn di chuyen. Do gia trj tai san ciia ngudi dan rat thap nen khi phai di chuyen trong thdi gian dau mirc sdng rat thap, phai sau nhieu nam tich luy mdi bii dap dugc. Hoan thien mdi trudng phap ly, hang loat chinh sach dugc ra ddi vao dau ihiip ky 90, trong dd cd nhilu chinh sach lien quan den qua trinh trung dung dat va den bii TDC.
ili6ng thudng, cdng vice khd khan nhat la giai doan dau chuyen cu, trong giai doan nay, trgng tam ciia cdng tac TDC la di chu)en dan de giai phdng Idng hd, dam bao an
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th& 5 - Hd Ndi, 2010 849
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM
loan tinh mang va tai san cho nhan dan. Viec chain la dn djnh ddi sdng. phuc hoi thu nhap cho ngudi dan chuyin cu chua cd dieu kien thuc hien, Bdi vay ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan sau khi chuyin cu rit khd khan, Cd nhiing trudng hgp, 40% sd hd di chuyen ra khoi vims long hd thilu an 5-6 thang, 45% sd hd thieu an 3-4 thang, Ciing vdi thu nhap thap kem. ddi song van boa xa hdi ciia ngirdi dan ciing bj anh hudng. Ve giao due, do khong In djnh. thilu co sd trudng ldp. giao thdng each trd nen nhieu nai ty le tre em thit hoc tans, he d p 2 khdng cdn ton tai. Tram xa cac xa chua kjp khdi phuc hoac khong dii dilu kidi dl thuc bien chuc nang phdng chdng benh, chain sdc sire khoe cho nhan dan.
Thilu be thdng d p nude sach, phai dimg cac ngudn nude thieu ve sinh de sinh boat nen cac bdih nhu ia chay, dau mat, sdt xuat buyet, sdt ret da thudng xay ra.
Do di chuyin cac moi quan be trong ngi bg tirng dan tdc va gifra cac dan tgc bj tac dgng manh me. Cac quan he cu bj pha vd trong kbi cac quan he lang ban mdi chira dugc thilt lap virng chac nen tinh cdng ddng suy giam. Ngoai ra, do phai chia sc lai dat canh tac va cac tai nguyen khac nen da xuat hien nhieu vii tranh chap nuang rirng, nguon nude gifra cac xdm, gifra cac bg phan dan cu, dac biet la gifra khdi dan lai cho va kh6i dan mdi den ngu cu.
Do mat phan Idn rudng kia nude nen ngudi dan (ke ca dan tai chd va dan mdi den) phai chuyen sang canh tac nuang ray. Dat nuong ray chi canh tac dugc mgt hoac hai Vll r6i phai bd boa. Tinh trang du canh phat trien trd lai lani cho cac didi tich rirng bj ddt pha, dat dai bj xdi mdn, hd chira cd nguy co' bj bdi lang.
Nhin chung cd nhfrng thay ddi tich cue, rd ret ve nhieu mat quan trgng trong ddi s6ng ciia nhan dan cac lang tai djnh cu, nhung hai mat ca ban nhat la luong thuc, thu nhap lai bj thul liii qua nhieu. Neu khdng cd bien phap chuyen bien quan trgng (cap dat, khai thac \'iing ban ngap, tao nghe mdi...) thi phai mat nhieu nam mdi hdi phuc diroc nlur trudc TDC.
c/Ap luc ciia di ddn lirdo den tdi ngin>en vd mdi truang trong khu vuc
Di dan tu do, mdt trao kru hien nay phat trien manh do linh binh thieu viec lam trong xa hdi la, se xay ra tai cac cdng trinh thuy didi. Theo tinh loan so bd, sd lugng di dan tu do den cdng trudng sc len tdi khoang 1/3 krc lugng lao ddng chinh tbirc tai cong trirdng. Sd nay se tap trung vao cac do thj va cac tuyen giao thdng, su co mat ciia ho giiip phan nao nguon cung ung nhu yeu pham. cac mat hang thilt ylu..., nhung mat khac gay ra nhieu khd khan phirc tap trong quan ly, an ninh, canh tranh vdi cu dan tai ch6, \'e sinh mdi trudng, v.v. Vi vay, vln dl dat ra d day la cln du bao so lugng dan di cu tu do de cd cac giai phap quan ly tich cue, kien quylt ngay tir diu. ,
3. KIEN NGHI MOT SO GlAl P H A P C A P B A C H N H A M G I A M THIEU TAC DONG B A T LOI DEN CONG DONG D A N C U
Tir nhfrng bai hgc kinh nghiem danh gia chung v l cdng tac chuln bj cho di dan va tai dnih cu, djnh birdng giai quylt vln d l lai djnh cu trong cac du an thuy didi d Tay Nguyen nhu sau;
1. can gan kel chat che gifra cdng lac di dan, tai djnh cu ciia cac cong Irinh thuy dien vdi quy hoach phat triln kinh te - xa hgi ciia toan kru vuc, ciia tirng vimg, tirng tmh, timg huydi va xem nhu mdt giai phap d l phan bo lai dan cu va lao dgng ciia cac qu) hoach da xac dinh.
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Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&S - Ha Ndi 2010
VIEN P I A LY • VIEN K H « C N VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
2. Trong dieu kien quy dal nong nghiep rat han che nen tai dinh CLV khong the llurc liien iheo phuong tliiVc "dat doi dat", ma phai ket hop vai chuyen dich co' cau kinh le cua dia phuo'ng. Ket hop tai djnh cir voi viec thirc hien cac dir an trong cac chirong Irinh, inuc ticu quoc gia, ciia viing, tinh.
3. Do dac diem, tam ly, phong tuc cua cac cong dong dan toe ma can phai dau tir nghien ci'iu, khao sat ti mi, thiic nghiem chu dao cac mo hinh diroc dc xuat. Can dieu Ira, kiiao sat, nghien cuii, thuc ngiiiem ve kha nang chuyen doi ca cau cay trong, vat iiuoi, cac hinh thuc canh tac Iren dat doc it nuoc, gioi thieu, trinh dien cac mo hinh nong lam ket hop c6 iiieu qua, de on dinh nhanii chong va lau dai cuge song, tao dieu kien thuan igi de tang thu nhap cua ngu'oi dan.
4. Vi quy mo cua cong tac di dan tai dinh cu vu'a ion, vii'a keo dai trong nhieu nam, nen can hinh thanh mot dir an tai dinii cu' chung theo cac cap, tu loan luu vuc, toan vimg xuong den tirng tinli, tirng huyen va tirng xa, viec thuc hien dir an nay do mot Ban Ciii dao tliong niiat, trong do c6 mot thanli vien la dai dien c6 tham quyen cua co' quan chu dir an, mot thanli vien cua tinh, cac nganh lien quan cua Niia nuoc tlieo quy dinli ciia cac van ban phap quy.
5. Sau khi dir an tai djnh cir da diroc thanh lap, thi can som tien hanh quy hoacli tong the va chi tiet cac vung bo tri dan cir, tren ca so do thiet ke cu the qua trinh di - den cho tirng cum dan cu'. Viec xay dung co' so ha tang nlur dirong giao tiiong, thuy Igi, cap nuoc sinh boat, dien, khai hoang, ve sinh, moi truong can dugc trien khai mot plian truoc khi dem dan toi.
6. Ve van de den bii phai dugc tinh du, tinh dimg, ngiroi dan phai dugc nhan true ticp, tranii thong qua nhieu kliau trung gian, phai dugc quan triet va tir nguyen thuc hien, tranh ap dat.
7. Can phai chap nhan mot tiiuc trang la quy dat nong nghiep tai dia diem tai dinh cir tlurong rat ban che, vl vay, can phai c6 chinh sach xa hoi hop ly ve viec cung hirong cac pbue Igi chung ebo nguoi moi den va ngiroi da dinh cir truoc.
8. Van de sir dung lao dgng trong vimg dir an cung sc c6 quan he den van de di dan, tai djnh cir. Dir an nhat djnh se can mot so lirgng Ion lao dgng do'n gian, can c6 chii trirong va chinh sach dimg lao dgng tai cho, trong do c6 dan vimg long ho.
9. Sir hinh thanh ho cbiVa voi mot dung tich kha Ion, se lam cbia cat lanh tho von la thong nhat, thanh each biet boi ho nuoc, viec phan chia lai dja gioi cua mot so xa, huyen, tinh la khong the tranh khoi. Do vay, cac co quan quan ly Nba nuoc can c6 phirong an de trinh Nba nuoc va Quoc hoi xem xet va quyet dinh kjp thoi.
De CO the thirc hien dirge t6t cong tac tai dinh cir doi voi phirang thirc khong can dat, can tbiet phai co nbung nghien cuu tbirc te:
1. Phai lap chi tiSt bao cao dieu tra ve hien trang ciia ngiroi dan trong vimg can phai di chuyen. Ngoai nb&ng van de ve dan toe, tboi quen, phuong thuc canh tac hien nay can quan tam den kha nang tiip thu ve kboa hoc cong nghe moi cung nbu kha nang tiep nhan chuyen doi nghe nghiep doi voi dong bao cac dan toe .
2. Phai CO quy hoach chi tiet cac viing chuyen den, cac dir an phat trien tir khau xay dung co ban, san xuc4t thu hoach dac biet la bao tieu san pham dugc cac nganh ciia Nha nuoc tham gia.
3. Xay dung kinh t6 bg gia dinh phat trien theo cac mo hinh kinh te trang trai. To chiic kinh t^ hop tac ciia cac chii trang trai theo nguyen tac tu nguyen.
Bpi ng-hi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan quoc Ian tbiiS- Ha Ngi, 2010 Sol
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN K H » C N VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
4. To chirc cac hoi khu>en nong \ a kliu_\en lam. hgp tac xa mua ban. tin dung nhftm liiup do d5ng bao co di^u kien tiep thu phuong tbiic san xuat tien tien dong thoi CO dieu kien cho \ay von hgp ly va bao tieu san pham.
5. Nhung nam day nha nude da to chirc lap cac nong truong. lam truong chicm kha nhieu dat co dieu kien canh tac thuan Igi, co co so so ba tang dien nude thuy Igi dudno xa di lai. Nhung ngudi tham gia san xuat tai da_\' chu yen la ngirdi Kinh \'a mot so ncudi cua dan tgc khac. Ho la nhung ngudi cd kien thirc, de dang tiep thu cong nghe san xuat hien dai nang xuat lao dgng cao. Con da so dong bao cac dan tgc khac chii yeu sons b5na nuhe nirong rSy va mot so san pham ciia riing d dang ngu\cn lieu thd, thu nhap cua ho ndi chung la lit thap. Neii xa>' dung hd chira cong trinh thuy dien nhung ngirdi phai ddi que hirong ra di la lai chii yeu la dong bao cac dan tgc cd dieu kien san xuat \ a ihu nhap thap. Do dd. can hru y \an de nay khi tien hanh TDC.
Trong cac phuong an xay dung cac khu tai dinh cu cac nha qu> hoach da dir djnh xa\ dung nhieu true dndng giao thong Idn gan lien vdi nhicni khu thj tir nham tao nen cac kiui kinh te cong nghiep va djch vu thu hiit mot khdi lugng Idn nhan lire trong vimg.
Cd nhieu y kien cua mot sd nha nghien ciru cho riing Dang va Chinh phii coi xay dung cac cdng trinh thuy dien tai cac khu \ uc mien niii la van hdi de cai tao ddi ddi cho ddng bao cac dan toe it ngudi, nhung cung can tha\' ddi tiing budc nghTa la dua ddng bao dang sinh song tai cac khu \'uc ndng lam trudng ra sinh song tai cac thj tir doc cac true dudng giao thdng Idn, con ddng bao \'iing hd cluncn len sinh song va lap nghiep tai cac
\ iing dat ciia ndng lam trudng (trir nhung ngirdi tu nguyen xin ra sinh sdng d noi khac khong can dat TDC) de moi trudng mdi gan vdi moi trudng cu. Dieu dd ciing cd ngliTa la liim mot cude each mang nang dan mire clunen djch co' can kinh tc; theo tiing vimg.
\'e cdng tac to chirc quan ly \a thuc hien dir an, cd the tien hanh:
a To chuc quciu ly clnivug trhih TDC
Ve mat to chirc, cd the thanh lap mot bg phan quan ly chuong trinh TDC nam trong Ban quan ly cdng trinh thuy dien. Cung cd the cd phuong an giao cho chinh qu\en dja phuong quan ly va thirc hien chuong trinh nay vi hon ai bet chinh quyen dja phirong biet ro con ngudi va liinh thd ciia minh. cd the buy dgng cac chuyen gia dja phuong thdng hicu tinh hinh thuc Ic. biet ndi tieng dia phirong. cd dieu kien dc dim \i}p quan he giiTa dan gdc va dan iigii cu.
h C 'mm k'lc llieo doi. gic'ini sal thuc hien ihr an
Ngay trong qua trinh cluian bj du an. can xay dung ke hoach theo doi vice thuc hien \ a danh gia tac ddng cac chuong trinh di dan de trien khai trong qua trinh giiim sat du an. Viec theo ddi dir an vira cd chirc nang la he thdng bao dgng sdm cho can bo quan ly du an, vira la mdl kcnh thdng tin dc dan TDC phan anh cac nbu cau vii cac phan irng cua minh ddi vdi qua trinh thuc hien du an. Cac don vi theo doi va danh gia dir an phai cd dii ngudn tai chinh va can bo la cac chuyen gia trong ITnh vuc di dan. Cdng vice tu theo ddi ciia co quan thuc hien du an can dugc hd trg bang cac co quan theo doi ddc lap de bao dam cd dugc cac thdng tin day dii va khach quan. Ddi vdi cac chuong trinh di dan Ion. nen co kicm diem cudi nang va kiem di^m giua ky. Sau khi cac boat dong TDC hoan tat can chgn mot thoi diSm thich hgp d6 danh gia tac ddng ciia du an.
c/ Tang ciirhig ndng h/c chu ca quan chiu Irdch nhieni di dan
Co quan thuc hien du an TDC thudng khong phai la mot co quan chu}cn Irach ITnh vuc 4 DC, ho ihudng thieu kinh nghiem. tam nhin ve thiet ke va thuc hien di dan.
Do \a_\, can ihiet phai tang cudng nang luc cho cac co quan nay. bao gdm cac phan viec:
- Hinh thanh cac bo phan vdi bien che can thiSt.
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VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
- Diio tao nang cao nang lire quiin ly du an cho can bo, td chirc tham c|uan hoc lap.
irao ddi kinh nghiem.
- 4'ang cuong can bg lii chuyen gia trong ITnh \irc TDC.
- Tang cudng trang thiel bj.
d,' Lai cuon sir iha/n gia cua moi i6 chiiv dodn ihe a ddu di vu ca dau den vui> qua innh TDC.
TDC trong cac cdng trinh .\ay dung thiiy dien thudng cd qui md di dan Idn la mot cdng viec phire tap, vi vay, vai trd ciia cac to chiic doiin the rat quan trong. d;ic biet trong viec giai quyet cac van de xa hdi.
e/ Phai do dieu kien de cho ngirdi dun bi anh hur/ng ihuni gia tich circ vuo viec xciy dirng vu thuc hien ke houch TDC.
Su tham gia ciia ngudi diin bj anh hudng se lam cho ke hoach den bii. ke hoach di chuyen va tai djnh cir phii hgp vdi tinh hinli thirc te d dja phuong; phii hgp voi nguven vong cua ngirdi dan; lam giam nhc tiim ly buc bdi do phai di chuyen, xao trdn va lain cho qua trinh boa ddng vao cdng ddng mdi dien ra nhanh hon.
Vice tiiyen truyen phd bien thdng tin ve ke hoach di chuyen, che do den bii.
quyen Igi ciia ngudi dan chuyen cu... la dieu kien can thiet, de cho ngudi dan cd dieu kien tham gia gdp y. Thai do ciia ngudi dan chuyen cu cung nbu anh hudng ciia dan so' tai phu thugc rat nhieu vao each td chirc thdng tin lien lac, trao ddi, man dam vdi ngudi dan hoac dai dien ciia bg nham khuyen khich hg tin la cac bien phap khac phuc, giai qu>et nhung van dc phirc tap nhJit. Vi vay theo kinh nghiem ciia cac nude thi can cd sir tham gia ciia dai dien chinh quyen dia phuong hoac cac td chirc quan chiing \ao bg may to chirc tai djnh cu.
Ddi vdi cdng tac di chuyen va lap kiiu tai djnh cu:
* Diu diem TDC cuii diroc hru chon kv cung vu chuun bi du dieu kien truvv k/ii don dan
Ddi vdi dan ndng nghiep, khi lira chgn dja diem can chii y kha nang san xuat va cac Igi the ve dja du ciia noi mdi, it nhat phai tuong duong noi d cu. Ngoai ra, can chii y kha nang tao ngudn thu nhap phi ndng nghiep nbu nghe ca, thu bai lam san, viec lam cdng an lirong theo miia vu de hd trg ngudn thu tir ndng nghiep.
Ddi vdi dan phi ndng nghiep, dia diem mdi phai thuan Igi cho tim viec lam. \e ha tang, djch vu va co hdi san xuat phai nhu dia diem cu.
ITong trudng hgp diem TDC khdng cd dii dieu kien ha tang nhu noi cu. can dau tu xay dung dam biio dieu kien cho ca ngudi dan sd tai vii dan 4 DC.
* Ton trong tinh cong dong trong to cin'rc di dinh cu nham dum bao chu ngiroi ddu CO dieu kien giup d<y lun nhau, tranh dirac sir ly tun, si'rt me trong ddi song tinh than
c/ Giai quyet lot moi quun he giuci dun g()c vd dun ngu cu: Kinh nghiem cua cac nude cho thay la neu chi quan tam tdi ngirdi dan chuyen cu ma khdng quan tam den ngudi dan sd tai d vimg tai djnh cu thi thudng dan den sir thieu ddng cam va ddi liic cdn la nhiing cudc tranh chap, xd xat. Dieu nay xay ra do ngudi dan sd tai phai san se lai mot phan tai nguyen ciia minh cho dan ngu cu trong khi ban than hg khdng cd qu}en Igi gi. Cling cd liic do sir ganh tj vi ngudi dan chuyen cu dugc hudng nhung che do uu dai nao dd. De tranh mgi sir ngiin each giTra dan gdc va dan ngu cu ngan ngira moi tranh chap va mau thuan cd the ray sinh, can cd mot ke hoach phat trien dam bao qu_\en Igi cho ca 2 ddi tugng ndi tren.
Hpi ng-hi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan quoc Ian thti5 - Ha Ngi, 2010 853
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHt?CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
* Can CO mot chinh such rieng cho nhimg nhom nguvi de bi ton ihiroiig
Trong qua trinh TDC, ban qua ciia nhung anh hudng tieu cue rat khac nhau giiTa cac nhan dan cu. Nhieu nghien ciru cho thay viec TDC cd tac dgng nghiem trong hon doi vdi phu nir hoac cac gia dinh do nu lam chii bg; dong bao dan tgc thieu sd de bi tdn thuong hon truoc nhung nguy co ban ciing boa; tre em cijng rat de bi tdn thirong dan den ban ciing boa, cd the cdng them vao dd su mat mat ve giao due anh hudng tdi tre em'. Viec chuyen ddi thudng lam gian doan viec hgc hanh va mot sd tre em khdng bao gid qua_\' trd lai trudng nCi'a. Sau khi bj di ddi, do nhung mat mat trong thu nhap gia dinh. nhieu tre em budc phai tham gia thj trudng lao ddng sdm hon do tudi thdno thudng. Til- nhung ly do tren, trong qua trinh td chiic TDC, can xac dinh nhung nhdni de bj tdn thuong va cd chinh sach bao hd ddi vdi hg.
* Tao dieu kien phat trien san xuat va viec lam on dinh
Kinh nghiem ciia cac nude cung cho thay rang de dam bao dn djnh va phat fricn san xuat. ddi sdng cho ngudi dan chuyen cu khdi vimg long hd thi cot Idi la phai tao cho hg dieu kien san xuat hoac viec lam cd djnh hon la chi lo dSn bii hoac trg c3p xa hdi. Chinh vi vay, ddi vdi ngirdi ndng dan can chii trgng phirong thirc den bii bang dat hon la den bii bang tien, dac biet trong trudng hgp phai chuySn cu mot .so ddng ndng dan. Ddi vdi dan phi ndng nghiep chuyeu phai tao ra viec lam, td chirc cac nganh nghe va trong trudng hgp bg mudn cd the cap dat cho hg san xuat ndng nghiep.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Thuong Hung, Nguyen Ngoc Khanh, Pham Hoang Ilai Moi truovg vimg ho Hod Binh. Vien Dia ly. HN. 1990
2. DGTDMT cac CTTD Thac Mo; Yaly, Hoa Binh (1992); sdng Hinh (1994); Son La (Giai doan tien kha thi) Ham Thuan - Da Mi (1995); Bon Ron - Dai Ninh, VTnh Son. Can Don. Bao Lgc, Ddng Nai 6, B§c Binh, (1996); Ddng Nai 8 (1997); Son La (Giai doan kha thi) (1998); Dak Mek 1, Dak Mek 2, Ddng Nai 5. Hiing Lgi 1, Se San 1/5. Hda Phii, Dak Ble. Ngan Truoi-Cam Trang, Rao Trd-Sdng Tri (2009); D5k Mi I (2010)
3. Huong dan DGTBMT die an thuy nang a Viet Nam. Dy an MT Viet Nam - Canada (VCEP). LAVALIN. ESSA Technologies. HN.6/1997
4. Thong so cac ho thuy lai a Viet Nam. Cue quan ly nude. Bg NN &PTNT. HN. 1998.
5. Nguyen Ngoc Khanh. Danh gid he so quun lie trong nghien cuv MT cue lio limy dieu a VN. Tap chi cac KH vS trai dat so 3/1999
6. Nguyen Ngoc Khanh. Nghien cihi cap quan lie trong DGTDMT cac hd chi'ra nuoc a VN. Tap chi khoa hgc DHQG Ha Ndi, KH14sl Xl/2000
7. Nguyen Ngoc Khanh. Phan tich nhung kinh nghiem di ddn-tdi dinh cu d mot sd cdng irinh thin- dien va cdng tac chiidn bi di ddn~TDC a cong trinh tJwy dien Sov La. Tap chi
"Dja ly nhan van" 2002
8. Nguyen Ngpc Kh.anh. Budc ddu nghien cuu su chuyin ddi quun ly ddi. limg. nude tren dja ban Tuy Nguyen. Hdi thao " Co so KH cho phat trien viing trong boi canh hdi nhap quoc te" 11/2009/.
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