KHOA HOC K ? THU^T THU Y TAP XXIV S 6 8 - 2017
NGHIEN ClJfU NHIEM SAN DAY 0 CHO TAI TINH THANH HOA
Nguyen Thi ^ ™ Lan', Nguyen Thf Ngan', Phgm Di^u Th&y', Nguyin Ngpc Biin'
TOM TAT
Nghien cihi nhilm sin day cr ch6 nuoi tai 2 huy^n Dong Son, Quang Xucmg va thinh pho Thanh Hoa, tinh Thanh Hoa da dugc thgc hien bing 2 phuang phap xet nghiem phan v i mo kham. Ket qua nghign ciiu cho thay cho bl nhiim san day voi ty Ie k h i cao. Ty le nhiem sin day 6 cho tu xet nghiem phan la 37,46%; tir m6 kham la 41,79%; cucmg dO nhilm dao dong tii 2 - 116 sin/cho. Cho n^i co ty le nhilm sin diy cao nhit (54,97%), tiSp do l i cho lai (47,72%) va thip nhit la ch6 ngoai (10,84%). Ty le nhiem a cho tii 2 den 6 thing tu6i la cao nhat (51,85%); 6 cho ttr 6 den 12 thing tuoi la 45,0%; a cho tren 12 thing tuoi la 31,14% v i thip nhit la a cho dir6i 2 thing tuoi (23,72%). Cho bi benh sin day thucmg giy yeu, kem an, co trieu chiing than kinh, roi loan ti&i hoa, phan co nhieu dot san, Ty IS cho co bilu hiSn nhilm san day la 27,92% (dao dgng tii 8,16% dSn 100%).
Tir khoa. cho, san day, ty le nhiem, cucfng dg nhiem, trieu chiing, tinh Thanh H6a.
Study on tapeworm infection in dogs in Thanh Hoa province Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Nguyen Thi Ngan,
Pham Dieu Thuy, Nguyen Ngoc Bien
SUI\/II\/IARY
A study on tapeworm infection in the raising dogs in Dong Son, Quang Xuong districts and Thanli Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province was carried out by 2 methods, fecal sample analysis and autopsy. The studied results showed that the infection rate of dogs with tapeworms was relatively high. This rate through fecal sample analysis was 37.46%; through autopsy was 41.79% with the infection intensity ranged from 2 to 116 tapeworms per dog. The infection rate with tapeworm in the indigenous dogs was highest (54.97%);
in the hybrid dogs was lower (47.72%) and the lowest rate was in the exotic dogs (10 84%). The dogs at ages from 2 to 6 months old were infected with the highest rate (51.85%); the infection rate of dogs at ages from 6 to 12 months old was 45.0%; over 12 months old was 31.14% and under 2 months old was 23.72%. The infected dogs were usually thin, poor appetite, presented neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal disturbances, many proglottids in feces. The rate of dog having symptoms of tapworm infection was 27.92% (ranging from 8.16% to 100%).
Keywords:dog, tapeworm, infection rate and intensity, symptom, Thanh Hoa province.
I. D^T VAN DE
B?nh san day o cho la mpt trong nhung b?nh sang ngucri da trd tiiinh mpt trong nhiing moi de ky sinh triing nguy hiem. Khi ky sinh trong ong doa doi voi siic khoe ciia con ngudi (Zanzani S. A.
tigu h6a, sin day chiam doat cac chit dinh dirong va cs., 2014 [8]). Au trung sin day di hinh vi ky Iam cho cho gay ylu, suy nhugc, thilu mau. Cic sinh tren b l mat cic co quan ngi t?og, tham chi moc bam ciia sin tic d^ng trong ruOt cua cho lim a ca nao va m i t ngueri (Beiromvand M. vi cs, niem mac ru^t bi ton thucmg, viem va xuat huylt, 2013 [4]). Thanh Hoa l i mgt trong nhiing tinh ch6 bi tieu chay, giim kha nang sinh sin v i se chit nuoi n h i k cho nhit ciia Vi?t Nam (tinh din thing do kifit siic (T6 Du va Xuan Giao, 2006 [2]). Dilu g „ ^ 2015, tdng s6 cho, meo cua tinh Thanh Hoa ding quan tam l i mgt so loii s i n d a y ky sinh tren j ^ 353030 con). Tuy nhien vi^c phdng tq b?nh cho cung la tac nhan gay b?nh au tning sin diy ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^-^ bi^t l i b?nh sin diy cho ch6 n ^ h i ^ ^ ' ' R T "^TZ U" "'^f^^.^'lT con it dugc chu ^. D I C6 ca sd khoa hgc cho vi?c nghiem trgng. Benh san day tu chd CO the liy nhiem , . . \ _ - . - f - J - • u - * . • . * ' u • « niAt
•^ phong va tn benh san day D cho, tir do pnong mgi so b$nh i u tning s i n diy d ngirdi, trong nam 2014 - ' Trudng D^ii hgc Nong Lam Thdi Nguyen
^ Chi cyc Thii y tinh Thanh Hoa
KHOA HOC KY THUAT T H C Y TAP XXIV S6 8 - 2017
2016, chiing toi da nghien ciiu tinh hmh nhilm sin diy d chd tJii mgt sd huy?n, fliinh ciia tmh Thanh Hda.
n. V^T Lifu, NOl DUNG VA PHU'aNG PHAP NGHliN CtTU
2.1. v | t y^u
- Chd cic Ilia tuoi nudi t^i cic hg chan nudi chd d 3 huySn, thinh phd ciia thih Thanh Hda (huygn Ddng Son, buygn Quang Xuong vi Tp. Thanh Hoa).
- Miu phan mdi thii ciia cho.
- Kinh hien vi quang hgc, kinh liip.
- Bg do md tidu gia sue.
- Con 70°, thuoc nhugm carmin. Cic hoa chit vi dung cy thi nghiem khic.
2.2. N9i dung nghiSn cihi
- TJ 1§ vi cudng dg nhiem san diy d chd qua md khim.
- Ty le nhiem sin day chd theo dia dilm, theo giong, theo tudi chd qua xet nghiem phan
- TJ 1$ chd cd bieu hien lam sing cua benh sin day 2.3. Phirong phap nghiSn cihi
- Thu thip mlu theo phuang phip ldy miu chum nhigu bac, mlu dugc liy ngau nhien tai cic hp nudi chd tai cic dia phuong.
- Phirong phip md khim, thu thip sin day d chd;
md khim chd theo phuang phip md khim khdng toan dien co quan tifiu hoi, thu thap mau san day ky sinh d rugt ciia chd bang phuang phip ling cin Benedek (1943). D§m sd lugng san day d mdi chd.
- Phuang phap thu thip min phan, xet nghiem va dinh gia ty I? nhiem san day: thu thip mau phin chd mdi thii vio cic budi sing tai cic hg nudi chd d 3 huyen, thanh cua tinh Thanh Hda. Nhung miu xic dinh dupc diing cic thdng tin sau thi ghi vao nhan:
tudi chd, giong chd, trang thii phan vi cic bieu hi?n lim sang ciia chd, dia chi.
- Cudng dp nhilm sin day dupc xic dinh bing sd lugng sin diy ky sinh/chd bang phuong phip md kham, thu thap va dgm sd Itrgng sin ky sinh d moi
chd.- Sd lieu dupc xii ly bing phan m^m Excel 2007 va MINITAB 14.0.
HI. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
3.1. Ty II va cii^g d? nhiSm san day qua mS kham chd t^i 3 huyf n, thanh cua tinh Thanh Hoa
Bang 1. T;^ le v^ cu'O'ng d$ nhilm sdn dSy if cho (qua mo kham) Dia phuong
(huyfn, thanh pho) H. Oong Son H. Quang Xuong
Tp. Thanh H6a Tinh Chung
So cho m6 itham (con)
89 76 103 268
So ch6 nhilm (con)
40 35 37 112
Tyl#
44,94
(%)
46,05 35,92 41,79
Cuong d$ nhilm (san dly/cho)
4 - 8 7 J-116 2 - 5 1 2-116
KSt qua bai^ 1 cho tiiay: md khim 268 chd d 3 buy^n, thinh phd fliupc tinh Thanh Hda, cd 112 chd nhiem san day, 1^' le nhilm li 41,79% (bi^ d^g tii 35,92% - 46,05%), cudng ^ nhiem chung la 2 - H6 sin/ chd.
Trong dd, chd d huyfn Quing Xuong cd ty le nhilm sin day cao nhat (46,05%) vi th%) nhit li chd d thanh phd Thanh Hda (35,92%). Sir Idiic nhau ve ^ le nhilm giiia 3 biQ'ai, thinh la c6 y ngha fli&ig ke (P < 0,05).
Ket qui dieu tra cho thay, cic xa d huy?n
Quing Xuang vi huy?n Ddng Scm dieu kien
chan nudi cdn nhieu khd khan, van de vfi sinh
thii y chua dupc chii y, cac hg nudi chd chu yeu
theo phuong thiic thi rdng. Mat khic, cac ca sd
giet md gia siic nhd \t a cic dia phuang niy cdn
nhilu, khdng dim bio dieu kien v^ sinh vi phdng
chong dich b^nh, chd dl an phai cac phan phu
KHOA HOC KY IHUAl IHU i 1A1--AAIV 3U e -
t^ng gia sue chiia nang s i n bi loai bd, do dd ty I^
nhilm sin day cao. Cf thinh phd Thanh Hda, sd chd nudi nhdt nhieu hon, d i l u kien v? sinh thii y, cham sdc, nudi duong dupc chii y han, ca hdi tiep
xiic vdi m i m bfnh g i i m , do dd ty le chd nhilm s i n d i y d thinh phd Thanh Hda thap hem so vdi huyen Ddng Son v i h u y l n Quang Xucmg.
3.2. Ty 1$ nhilm s i n d i y qua set nghi&m phan cho Bang 2. Ty l# nhilm san day o' cho qua xet nghiSm phan
Dja phipvng So mau kilm tra (mSu) So miu nhiem (mau) Ty 1$ (%) Huy#n Qdng So-n
X§ Ofing Thanh Xa €6ng Mmh Xa Dong Tiln Thj tran RCrng Thdng Huy#n Quing Xuvng
Thi tr^n Quang Xuryng Xa Quing Hda Xa Quang Ninh Xa Quang Hp'p Thinh pho Thanh Hda
Phuwng Phli San Ptiu'dng Tin So'n Phuang BaOlnh Phifdng Di^n Bien
310 84 67 95 64 305 72 56 81 96 322 66 79 83 94
41 24 128 26 25 37 40 97 19 26 24 28
43,16 37,50 41,97 36,11 44,64 45,68 41,67 30,12 28,79 32,91 28,92 29,79
Ket qua bing 2 cho thay; ty le nhiem sin day qua xet nghiem phan chd tai cac xa, phudng thugc 3 huygn, thanh phd cua tinh Thanh Hda kha cao (37,46%). Trong dd, ty Ie chd nhiem s i n diy d huySn Quang Xirang Ii cao nhat (41,97%), thip nhat l i dianh phd Thanh Hda (30,12%), Nhu viy, ty le nhiem sin day a chd qua xet nghiem phan tuong ddi phli hpp vdi ty le nhilm qua md khim. KSt qui tren mgt lan niia cho thay, chd nudi d nhiing nai tinh trang ve sinh thii y chua dupc chu y, chan nudi thi rdng, chS dd kilm soit giSt md ldng leo thi ty le nhiem sin diy cao. Tii ket qua nghien ciiu chiing tdi khuyen cao, de giim ty le chd mac sin diy, ngoii cdng tac cham sdc, nuoi duong, ve sinh phdng benh, thi viec kiem soit giet md dpng vat, kiSm tra ve sinh thu y tgi cac 16 md, diem gilt m6, ca sd ch6 b i ^ , bao quin, kinh doanh, van chuyln cic sin phim ddng vat ciing phai tang cudng, nham phit hi^n v i tigu di?t i u triing sin diy d phu tang cic loii gia sue khac.
Kit q u i nghien cuu cua chiing tdi phu hop vdi
ket q u i nghien ciiu cua Guo Z. va cs, (2014) [6]: t^
1? nhiem sin diy Taenia d chd nudi tai tinh Qing- hai, Trung Qudc Ii 34,4% qua xet nghiem phin. K^t qua nghien cdu cua mgt s6 t i c gia khic cho biet; tai thanh phd Tabnz - Iran, ty le nhiem san day a cho la 85% (Garedaghi Yagoob v i cs., 2014 [5]); tai An Do, kiem tra thay 30,3% chd nhilm san diy Taenia hydatigena va 2,3% chd nhilm san day Echinococ- cus granulosus (Traub R. J. v i cs., 2014 [7]).
3. 3. Ty If nhiem san day cua c i c giong cho qua xit nghifm p h a n
KSt qua bing 3 cho thiy; cac gidng chd khic nhau deu bi nhilm b^nh sin diy vdi ty le khac nhau. Xit nghiem 937 miu phin ciia 3 gidng cbo, cd 351 mau nhilm sin day, ty le nhilm chung l i 37,46%. Trong do, ty 1^ nhilm cao nhit la chd ngi (54,97%), tilp d^n la chd lai (42,72%), thip nhit l i chd ngoai (10,84%).
CJ nude ta, phong trio nudi chd cinh da xuit hiSn khi lau, nhung gin day, diu chai niy dugc gidi tre is cac thinh phd ldn dac biet ua chugng. Do dd rat nhieu
KHOA HOC K? THUAT TH0 Y T^P XXIV SO 8 - 2017
Bang 3. T y le n h i l m san day or cac gi6ng cho qua xet nghiem phan Gi6ng cho
Ch6 ngi Cha lai Cho ngoai Tinh Chung
So mau ifiem tra (mau) 342 309 286 937
So m i l 1 nhiem 188 132 31 351
(mSu) T}i#(%) 54,97 42,72 10,84 37,46
gidng chd ngoai da dupc nhip vk Viet Nam. Q Thanh phd Thanh Hda cung nhap ngoai mdt sd gidng chd nhu Fox, Chihuahua, Husky, Alaska, Dobermann, Bull, Pitbull.... Do gii thinh cao nen chd ngoai thudng dugc nudi, cham sdc, khim chira benh rit cin than, khi nang tiep xiic vdi mim benh va ky chu trung
gian mang iu tning sin diy it, do dd ty le nhilm sin diy thap. Cdn chd ngi vi chd lai (dac bi?t li chd ndi) thudng nuoi thi rong, thdi gian tiep xuc vdi mam bfinh nhieu nen ty le nhilm sin day cao ban.
3.4. Ty if nhiem san day qua x^t nghifm phin chd
At c^c li^ tudi Ichic nhauBang 4. Ty 1$ n h i l m san day & cho theo tuoi (qua xet nghiem phan) Lira tuoi chd (thing) So mlu kiem tra (miu) S6 mau nhilm (mau) Tyle(%)
S2
> 2 - 6
> 5 - 1 2
>12 Tinh Chung
253 216 240 228 937
60 112 108
23.72 51,85 45,00 31,14
37,46Ket qua bing 4 cho thay; chd d cac lua tuoi d6u nhiem sin day, tuy nhien cac giai doan tuoi khic nhau cd ty 16 nhilm khic nhau. Chd 2 - 6 thing tudi va cho 6-12 thing tudi cd ty Ie nhiem sin diy cao nhit (51,85% vi 45,0%); tilp din li chd tren 12 thing tudi (31,14%); thip nhit d chd dudi 2 thing tudi (23,72%). 0 Ida tudi duoi 2 thing, chd cdn trong giai do^n bu sua mg, ca hgi tiep xiic vdi mdi tnrdng song chua nhieu nen ty le nhiem thip (23,72%). O Ilia tudi 2 - 6 thing, chd da tich m? hoin toin, liic niy ca the dang trong giai doan sinh trudng manh, nhu ciu thiic an, nude udng cao nen ca hpi tiep xiic vdi mam benh nhieu, nen d giai do^n niy chd cd ty le nhiem sin day cao nhat (51,85%). (3 chd tren 6 thing tudi, hg thdng than kinh vi ca quan mien dich cua ca the da hoan thien, siic dl khing cao hon ndn kha ning cim thy vdi mam benh thip han. Tir ket qua nghien cihi, chiing tdi khuyen cio, ngudi chan nudi cin quan tim den cdng tic v& sinh thii y trong chan nudi, cham sdc, nudi dudng chd tot de nang cao siic dl khing, giim kha nang mic bf nh.
dac biSt la chd giai doan 2 - 6 thing tudi. Ket qua nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi phu hpp vdi nghiSn cihi ciia Le Hiiu Nghi va Nguyin Van Due (2000) [3].
3.5. Ty If vi nhung bilu liif n ISm sang cua cho bi bf nh san diy
Theo ddi 351 chd nhiem sin diy, trong dd cd 75 cho nhiem miic dp ning (cd tren 40 dot san/lan thii phan), 119 chd nhiem miic dp trung binh (cd 20-40 ddt sin/lin thai phin) vi 157 chd nhilm miic do nhe (dudi 20 ddt sin/lin thii phan). Ket qui nhu sau;
Kit qua theo doi cho thay: tit ci nhung chd nhilm sin diy d miic dp nang deu cd trieu chiing lam sang. Nhung chd nhiem sin day d muc dp nhe vi phin ldn chd nhiem d miic do trung binh deu khdng thay xuit hi?n triSu chiing lam sing.
Xet trong 98 chd cd trieu chiing lam sing thi nhiing bieu hi?n chCi ylu li; phan cd nhieu ddt sin day (100%);
chd Ihudng cup dudi, cong lung, ngoanh I?ii lilm hau mdn
hoac cg h$u mdn xudng nen chudng (68,37%); chd gay.
KHOA HQC KY IHUAJ i-riV i lAl-AAlV s u a
Bang 5. Ty !§ va cac biSu hien lam sang chu yeu cua cho bj benh san day So chd cd bleu
hien lam sing (con)
Tyle
(%} NhOng bilu hl^n iam sang chii y l u S6ch6 (con)
98 67 51 28 17 20
TJIf
»)
100 68,37 52,04 28,57 17,35 20,41 Phan cd nhieu dot san diy
Chd thu'dng cup dudi, ngoinh lai Ii4m h$u mdn hogc cg hSu mdn xuong nen chudng Gay cdm, tang can cham
R6\ lo^n tieu hda k6o dai: khi tao, khi ia chay Ndn mu-a, an it
Ta chiy nang, phan ddi khi cd miu Cd tri^u chiing than kinh; nga ngic, mn riy, di xieu veo
tang can cham (52,04%); rli loEin tieu hda keo dii, khi tao hon, khi ia chiy (28,56%); ia chay nang, phan ddi khi cd mau (20,41 %); trong qui tnnh ky sinh, san tilt dgc td lam chd an it, ndn mua (17,35%); si chd cd trieu chiing flian kinh: ngo n ^ , run ray, 6i xieu veo chiem 8,16%.
Qua theo ddi trieu chiing lim sing cua chd nliilm san day, chung tdi nhan thay tri^u chiing lam sing cua chd nhilm san cd the nhin bilt kha de dang, nhit l i khi phat hien cd nhieu ddt sin trong phan, chd hay cup duoi, ngoinh dau liem hau mdn (do ngiia hau mdn) hoac quan sat thay sin day liing lang d hau mdn.
Vuang Diic Chit v i Le Thi Tai (2004) [ 1 ] cho bilt;
the cip tinh thudng gap d chd tu 1 - 4 thing tudi, bieu
hign kem an, ndn miia hen tuc do sin bim vao vach rugt giy ra nhiing tdn thuang niem mac va Idch thich gay ndn. Rdi loan tieu hda lim chd liic tao bon, luc tieu chiy, trong phin cd niem mac rudt trdc ra vi cd I^
nhiing ddt sin n,ing ra. ThS m ^ tinh thudng gap d dang trudng thinh; chd an it, gay cdm, rdi loan tieu hda, viem rugt m ^ tinh, trong phin cd ddt sin gii rang ra, khi ra ngoai cinh ddt sin vin cii dgng dupc. Giai doan cuoi chd biSu hi?n hdi chiing thin kinh; run riy, h o ^ ago ngac, nam ly mgt chd, hoac trd nen hung dii.
Ket qua theo doi trieu chiing lim sang ciia cho nfailm sin diy tai Thanh Hda phii hpp vdi md t i cua tic gja tren.
Anh 3,4. Mo khdm sdn day & rugt non cua cho
KHOA HOC K ? THU4T THO Y T^P XXIV S 6 8-2017
Anh 5, 6. M6t so miu san day thu tir cho mic benh & Thanh Hoa
TV. KET LUAN
Ty le nhilm sin diy d chd tai 3 huyen, thanh phd thudc tinh Thanh Hda qua xet nghi?m phan Ii 37,46%; qua m l kham l i 41,79%; cudng do nhilm dao dgng tii 2 - 116 san/chd.
Chd n$i cd ^ le nhilm san diy cao nhit (54,97%), tiep dd la chd lai (47,72%) v i t h ^ nhit l i chd ngoai (10,84%).
Chd 2 - 1 2 thing tudi nhilm sin diy cao nhit (45,0% - 51,85%), chd tren 12 thing nhilm 31,14%
vi thip nhit d chd dudi 2 thing (23,72%).
Chd hi benh sin day Ihudng gay yeu, kem an, rdi lo?in tieu hda, pbin cd Iin ddt sin, cd trieu chiing thin kinh. Ty lg chd cd bieu hien trieu chiing l i 27,92%
(biln ddng hi 8,16% din 100%).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vuang Diic Chit, Le Thj Tai (2004), Benh thuang gdp a cho meo vd cdch phong tri, Nxb Ndng nghiep, H i Ngi, tr. 80 - 83.
2. Td Du, Xuan Giao (2006), Ky thugt nuoi cho meo vd phong tri b^nh thteang gdp. Nxb Lao dpng xa hdi, tr. 69 - 72.
3. Le Hihl Nghi, Nguyen Van Du? (2000), 'Tinh hlnh nhiem giun s i n cua chd nudi tai thanh phd H u l v i hi£u q u i thudc t i y " Tap chi Khoa hgc ky thudt thuy, tap VH, sd 4, tr. 58 - 62.
4. Beiromvand M., Akhlaghi L., Fattahi Massom S. H., Meamar A. R., MotevaUan A., Oormazdi
H., Razmjou E. (2013), "Prevalence of zoonotic mtestinal parasites in domestic and stray dogs in a rural area of Iran", Prev Vet Med, t i p 109( 1 -2), pg. 162 - 167.
5. Garedaghi Yagoob, Shabestari Asl Ali, Ahmadi Seivan (2014), "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Hebninthes m Stray Dogs of Tabriz City, ban".
Greener Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5), pg,
135-138.
6. Guo Z., Li W., Peng M., Duo H., Shen X., Fu Y., irie T., Gan T., Kirino Y, Nasu T., Horii Y , No- naka N. (2014), "Epidemiological study and con- trol trial of taeniid cestode infection in tium dogs in Qinghai province, China". SJ Vet Med. Sci.. 76 fJ),pg. 395-400.
7. Traub R. J., Pednekar R. R, Cuttell L., Porter R.
B., Abd Megat Rani R A., Gatne M. L. (2014),
"The prevalence and distribution of gastrointes- tinal parasites of stray and refiige dogs in four locations in bidia". Vet Parasitol, tip 205 (1-2), pg. 2 3 3 - 2 3 8 .
8. Zanzani S. A., Di Cerbo A. R., Gazzonis A. L., Genchi M., Rinaldi L., Musella V., Cringoli G., Manfredi M. T. (2014), "Canme fecal contamination in a metropolitan area (Milan, north-western Italy): prevalence of intestinal parasites and evaluation of health risks". Scientific f*brWyo«?7(a/, Article ID 132361, 6 pages.
Nhan ngiy 12-6-2017 Phin bign ngiy 30-9-2017
