BIfi PHl/ONG
DE XUAT MOT SO GIAI PHAP KHaCfJ
PHOC VU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI VUNG TAY NGUYEN
TS NGUYEN VAN LANG ThS CHU T H O C B A T BfllvH&CN
Trong nliiFng ndm qua, Ding va Nha nirtfc ta da cd nhigu cliA trirdng, chinh sach phat tri^n kinh te' - xa hQi dd'i vdi Tdy Nguydn. Trdn cd sd phdn tich, danh gia cac l(6't qui da d^t di/tfc, bii vid't dd' xuS't mft sd' giii phip l(hoa hpc va cdng ngh^ (KH&CN) trong cac ITnh vifc chil chd't, nhim gdp phSn thuc diy td'c df phat tri^n lilnh td' - xa h9i vung TSy Nguydn nhanh hdn va bin vifng hdn.
Nghien ciiu pUM trien ddn vung ni$t sif sen phiim chii liic ciia vung
Ddi vdi phit triin cay ci phi:
vdi didn tich va s i n lupng chiem khoing 90% cua c i nude, kim ngach xult khau khoing 2 t^
USD/nim, c i c tlnh T i y Nguyin da dua Viet Nam trd thanh nudc xuat khiu ca phe hing d i u t h i gidi. Tuy nhiin, hiin nay ca p h i d T i y Nguyin dang phii doi m i t vdi mdt s i van d l Idn nhu: diin tieh ea p h i gia c l i nhilu; ning suit chua I n djnh v i chua d i n g d i u , chit lupng cdn thip do thu hoach q u i xanh va phai tren nIn dat; g i i trj gia tang v i gia trj xult khau chua tUdng xuIng; lupng nudc dung cho canh t i c ca p h i Idn, mdi trudng sinh thii 6 nhOng noi trdng c i phd bj thay doi; mge nudc nglm ha thip, nudc mit thilu; h i sinh thai cDa vijng trdng ca phd khdng d i m b i o tlnh da d^ng v i b i n vOng. Tring ca p h i ddc canh, it xen canh; k h i ning t i l canh v i phuc tring ea p h i chua cd dupc giii phip hOu hliu;
cac doanh nghidp thu mua c i p h i
nhin dang gap khd khan. Nhilu doanh nghidp Idn cd nguy cd p h i s i n hing nghln t$r ding, h i thing tieu thg v i thj trudng ea p h i trong nudc khdng dn djnh. Hidn dang xuat hiin c i e cdng ty, d i u n i u nudc ngoii thao tOng thj trudng c i p h i nhan Vidt Nam. Nhu v i y cd t h i thiy, nginh c i phd Viit
Nam dang dUng trudc thich thUc Idn d l cd t h i tdn tai va phat triln.
Ban Chl dao T i y Nguyin, Ciy ban nhin dan c i c tlnh vung T i y Nguyin n i n bao cao Chinh phD va d l xult Chuong trinh quic gia phit trien ben vQng c i y c i p h i . Trong dd IUu y t i t c i c i c v i n d l , tu mgc tiiu phit triln, glil phip
S62.3na.20i3 c6NCmU'fcVIETNl
KHOSHM | B
IVIETNlUir H
OIH PHUONG
ky thuit, t i i ehlnh, t l chUc s i n xuit, quy hoach, tiiu chuin chi't lupng, cho d i n th| trudng, c h l bien rang xay, c i phd hda tan...
Ddi vdi phit triin ciy cao su: T i y Nguyin ed diin llch c i y cao su chl dUng sau vung Odng Nam Bd. Tuy nhiin, T i y Nguyin cdn cd tilm ning Idn d l md ring diin tich trdng \og\ c i y niy. D l cd t h i phit triln cao su mdt cich b i n vOng, dem iai hidu q u i kinh t l cao nhit, ein cd m|t sd chinh sach phit triln phu hpp nhu: Cd the giao cho cic cdng ty, ndng lim trudng, doanh nghlip v i ndng hd trdng v i c h l biln cao su 6 nhOng noi ed dilu kiin tg nhien phu hpp. Cd t h i cho phdp chuyin d l l rUng ngheo kiit sang trdng ciy cao su trdn co s6 quylt djnh v l quy hoach phit triln cao su cDa c i nudc; quan t i m phit triln eac nha may che biln mD eao su dang kho, s i n xuat c h l bien eac s i n phim tieu ddng, s i n phim y tl... tu mu cao su thidn nhidn. XS ly mdi trudng tU vide trong cho d i n che biln mO cao su. Gan vide x i y dung cie n h i may v i n spi vdi vlic quy hoach trdng, khai thie va thanh ly ciy cao su d i hit tuli khai thie mu;
tiep tgc giao cho Tip doin Cao sg Viet Nam nghiin cUu bp gidng ciy cao su cho ning suit mD Idn, sin lupng gd cao, thdi gian khai thie kdo dii v i c6 t h i trdng thlch nghi dupe S mdt s i vung sinh thil khic nhau. Khuyin khfch sU phit triln cua T i p doin Cao su Vidt Nam, cic binh doin thudc Bd QuIe phdng tai Tiy Nguyin.
Ddi vdi phit trien ciy hd tiiu:
loai cay niy cd t h i manh phit triln a Gia Lai, Dik Ndng, Dik Lik, Lam Ding. Duy tri dien tfch v i i p dgng cic biin phip kjthgit, cdng nghi phu hpp, an toin v i bio
I
v i mil trudng sinh thil trong sin xuit hd tiiu, nhit l i cie k^ thuit, quy trinh cdng nghi phdng trU siu, binh. MOt s i k i t q u i nghiin cUu cua Vlin Bio v i Thgc v i t v i Tradng 0?l hpc Ndng lim H u l v l xCr ly v i phdng trU binh chit nhanh, chit chim eiJa ciy h i tiiu cin dupc nhin r|ng v i o s i n xult.
Xiy dgng thuong hliu cho hd tiiu Tiy Nguyin, khai thie, phit triln manh thudng hliu h i tiiu Chu S I . . C i n nghiin cUu \ga chon loai cpc tiiu phu hpp d l h^n c h l tlnh trpng p h i rUng lim cpc trg tring hd tiig.
Ddi vdi phit triin ciy trdng hing nim: T i y Nggyin cd t i l m ning Idn phit triln e i c c i y trdng hing n i m nhu lua, ngd, hp d i u . Ndn tilp tgc duy tri c i c bidn phip ky thuit v l giing, ky thuit canh tac xen canh, g i i vg d l tilt kiim nude, phin bdn, sUe Iao d i n g d l cd ning suit, s i n lupng v i hidu q u i kinh t l cao. Tuy nhiin, phit triln c i y s i n (khoai my) d T i y Nguydn d l s i n xult tinh b|t san can cd nghidn eUu v i biin phap phu hpp. Bdi le, phit triln cay s i n v i s i n xult tinh b|t s i n se i n h hudng r i t Idn d i n d | phi nhiiu cua dit, mdi trudng v i tlnh da dang sinh hpc. Do v i y phit triln ciy s i n c i n quan t i m d i n 3 v i n d i sau:
- Phii cd giing s i n ning s u i t cao. Hiin nay cd t h i phit triln mdt s i gidng nhu KM94, KM98..
- Cd giii phip ching xdi mdn dit, thoii hda dSt S nhOng d i i n tich trdng s i n . Ky thuit 6 d i y cd t h i i p dgng l i tring xen canh, Igin canh, thilt k l nuong d l l , ky thuit trdng, ky thuit lim dit..
XU \i d nhiim mdi trudng trong c i o n h i m i y c h l b i l n tinh bdt s i n : trin cd sd t i n g k i t , d i n h
g i i m$t sd md hlnh xCr ly d nhlSr m i l trudng oCia c i c n h i miy clii blln tinh b|t s i n d l cd glil phi|
ky thuit v i cdng n g h i phu hO|
nhit (hiin nay d T i y Nguyin di cd c i c md hlnh thinh cdng cir nhin r^ng). Nghiin cUu tin thi c i c p h i p h i m tU s i n xult tinl b|t s i n d l s i n xult cic sir p h i m hOu Ich khic nhu thUc ir chin null, s i n xult biogas, sin xult phin bdn-
Ddi vdi phit triin nginh chin nudi: Ipi t h i cOa T i y Nguyin \i phit triln c h i n nudi dai gia silc, c i nudc l^nh t r i n c i c h i thdy 101, thuy di|n v i c i c thOy vgc d m}t s i dja phuong nhu Kon Tum, Dik Ndng, Oik Lik, L i m Ding. Noi d i y d i v i dang phit triln nuii e i nudc lanh vdi quy md cdng nghlip Idn, c i n nghiin cUu ting k i t kinh nghiim v i quy hoach phit triln trong thdi gian tdi. Gii trj s i n p h i m m i l ong cua Tiy Nguyin chilm khoing 50% gia trj cua t o i n q u i c vdi kim ngach xuit khiu khoing 100 triiu USD/nim.
Hiin nay v i trong tUdng iai, cin thilt p h i i nghiin cUu cdng ngli$, ky thuit s i n xult sOa ong chila, p h i n hoa d l s i n xult cic thi/c p h i m chijlc ning, dupc phim, t r i n cd sd khai thie mia hoa tV nhiin cua c i y rifng v i ciy trdng khic. D i m b i o phit triln sin lupng Idn, I n djnh v i chit lupng cao d l xult khiu v i tiiu dCing trong nude.
Win iMUichiicliott ding Sil xuft Unh doanh
G i n dilu tra, dinh gii s6 lupng, loai hlnh cic doanh nghiip 6 T i y Nguyin, trong W cd loai hlnh doanh nghlip quic doanh, d i n doanh v i so sinh viSi c i nudc. CUdng quylt dll miii h i thing t l chOrc c i c ndng lim
TapchlKHOAHtn „ ,
CONCNCHtVrtlNlffif S«2 + 3n8m2013
Bin PHUm
trudng quoc doanh vl diSn tfch d§'t, t^i nguySn cac lo^i do lo^i hinh doanh nghidp nay quSn ly 1^
rat Idn nhUng hieu quit chua cao.
Xac djnh l^i quyin sii dyng rCrng, d&'t rCfng d l x6 chLfc khai thSc c6 hi$u quk vdi tinh Xhin XO chii vk chiu tr^ch nhigm cao vi qukn ly tai nguydn. Neu CLT d l tinh trgng cac l&m trudng nhU hi^n nay, tai nguy§n rCfng, dat rC/ng se m&'t d^n va la nguygn nh^n nky sinh nhilu tieu eye. Co the cho phep cdc nong 13m trUdng t l chUc Igi skn xuat, cd eSu Igi cdy cdng nghidp nhu Oct ph§, cao su, macca, dieu, cac logi gd cho cdng nghiep che bien g5. Tilp tuc ddnh gid vide giao khoan, bdo vd rUng, n l u th^y khdng cd hidu qud nhu mong mudn thi diing Iai, tim gidi phap, chinh sach hieu qud hdn. Nghien cUu md hinh hoat dpng cua Cdng ty ca phe Trung Nguydn, phdt trien va thUe hien y tudng xay dUng Tay Nguydn thanh trung tam ca phd Idn nh^t Viet Nam, Budn Ma Thudt la thCi phu cua ca phd. Nghien cUu chuoi gid trj tCf khdu trdng den che biln va tieu thu ca phd. Bam bdo I0i ich cong ddng ngudi dan tde thieu sd, ndi cd dilu kien khd khdn...
Van lie phat tri^n nguon nhan luc, dan toe ton giao
Quy md dan sd 6 Tdy Nguydn nhuhidn nay la hop ly-, nen khuyin khfch tdng cd hoc ddn sd bang ngudn nhdn li/c da qua dao tgo, thd lanh nghi, trinh dd cao, djch vu._ Gidi phdp la to chUc tdt cac trudng, vidn 5 Tay Nguydn theo yeu cdu phdt trien oOa cdc dja phuong. Cae ehinh sdch Uu dai, thu hUt nguon nhdn lye trinh do cao cdn mgnh me hdn. Nen tdng mt/c ddu tu cho con em d6ng bdo dan tde theo hinh thiJc tuyIn sinh,
cCf tuyIn ndi tru trong hd thing gido dye qudc ddn. Hidn nay ITnh vye ndy da c l gdng nhung chua ddp Ung dUdc ydu c i u , ehUa tUdng xLfng vdi dilu kidn, tilm ndng. Dilu quan trpng Id t l ehUc td't tuydn truyin, vdn ddng, qudn ly td't vide phdt triln cua cdc logi hlnh tdn gido, dgo gido. Chung ta khdng ndn ndi Id ngudi khdc truyin dgo trdi phdp md cd cdch tuydn truyin chtnh xac hdn. Gin ddy cd mdt xu hUdng co t h i ndi Id tiln bd, mdt b$ phdn dong bdo ddn tgc tgi ch6 hudng theo dgo Phdt ngay cdng nhilu, do vdy cdn ed nghidn eiJu djnh hudng d l ddm bdo ty do tfn ngudng vd ty do khdng tfn ngudng ddi vdi hp. Phdi sdm cd dieu tra, ddnh gia, tU dd ban hanh mpt s6 chinh sdch phu hpp, cd hidu qud ve van d l quan hd, cd cau dan tde Tay Nguyen, ngdn ngUa nguy cd xung dot sdc tpc va tao sU dodn k i t thdng nhat, cung tdn tgi vd phat then cua cac ddn tpc it ngudi vdi ngUdi Kinh d Tay Nguyen
Phat trien 00* so* ha tang ky thuat
Hidn nay va tUdng Iai, ed sd ha tdng ky thudt phyc vy phdt triln Tdy Nguyen ed ba vd'n d l Idn cdn quan tam ddu tu, do Id giao thdng, didn vd nudc. Phat trien dudng bd ndi ed nudc vdi Tay Nguyen cdng sdm cang tot, he thong dudng bp hidn cd dang xudng cap nghiem trpng va qua tdi d ede qudc Id: 14, 19, dudng Hd Chf Minh, 2e, 28...
Hd thdng ede eon dudng nay can phdi dUdc ndng edp ngay, ft nhat Id dgt ehu^n cDa dudng cap 3 ding bang. Ndn xdy dyng dudng H 6 Chf Minh Id cao td'c song song vdi qudc Id IA. Hg thdng dudng lidn t?nh, lien huy$n nhilu ndi da xudng cap, hU hdng, edn nang
cd'p ngay, ddm bdo giao thong thdng suit 6 cae mua trong nam.
Sdm xdy dyng dudng giao thdng 6 Tdy Nguydn bang bd tdng xi mang. Sdm dUa dy dn xdy dyng dudng sdt XO miln Trung va thanh phd H i Chf Minh Idn Tay Nguydn.
Gidi quyd't vdn de nUde cho Tdy Nguydn de dap Ung yeu cau nUdc tudi cho cdy ndng nghidp vd cdy cdng nghidp, cho nhu cdu sinh hogt vd sdn xudt cCia ngudi ddn trong cd mua khd vd mua mua. Xem xet Igi ed elu cay trdng theo hUdng gidm nhu cau nudc tudi, ndng cao hieu qud sil dyng nUdc tudi cho cay trdng.
Can cd gidi phap sO dung cac ngudn nudc tU cac ho thuy didn, thuy Idi mdt cdch hidu qud nhat.
Phat trien hd thdng cung ca'p didn, vidn thdng: hien nay mang ludi didn vd vidn thdng d Tay Nguyen thua kem rat nhilu so vdi cac vung khac, do vay can sdm ddu tu xdy dung cdc he thdng truyen tai dien, mang ludi vidn thdng cho cac khu dan cU, khu cdng nghidp va dap Ung quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eCia tUng dja phUdng.
Ngoai ra, can cd chfnh sach ludn chuyin, thu hut edn bd;
chfnh sach khuyen khfch dau tU tryc tilp nude ngoai (FDI) vao cac tfnh Tdy Nguydn. Hidn nay, Tdy Nguyen la vung cd sd dy dn FDI thd'p nhd't ed nude, can keu gpi cac nha dau tu, thu hijt cac nguon vd'n de xay dung vd phat trien Tdy Nguydn •
