Tuyen Quang:
Phat trien nong nghiep theo hu'dng ben vQ'ng
BGI THANH TUAN*
\di muc ti§u xdy di/ng mdt nen ndng nghi$p hang hoa da daing, toan didn va phat trid'n b^n vffng, nganh ndng nghidp Tuydn Quang da va dang chu ddng d§y manh cdng tac ra scat, l$p quy hoach phat tri^n cac ITnh vffc nganh (trdng trpt, chan nudi, l§m nghidp, thuy san, thuy Itfi...) va t^p trung quan Iy td't vide phat trid'n san xuS't ndng, lam nghidp theo dung cac ndi dung quy
ho9ch dfftfc duy$t. - ^
N 6 N G NGHIEP CO Bu'dc TANG TRL/dNG KHA
Trong nhttng nam qua, cae cd quan chuyen mdn cua tinh Tuyen Quang da chii ddng htfdng ddn, ddn dd'c cac huydn, thanh phd^ xay dtfng quy hoach vung chuydn canh cay trdng theo htfdng san xua't hdng hda tap trung; htfdng ddn ndng ddn ltfa chgn cdy trdng, cd cd'u gid'ng, thdi vu gieo trdng dam bao hidu qua, gdp phan tang san Itfdng va thu nhdp ben mgt ddn vi didn tich. Vide tfng dung khoa hgc ky thuat vao san xua't dtfde eoi trpng da ndng cao ndng suat, san Itfdng cay trdng, vat nudi, gdp phan quan trgng nang cao thu nhdp cho ndng dan. San pha'm ndng nghidp cua Tinh^ngdy cang da dang, phong phu, gdp phdn tang gia tri sdn Itfdng hang hda va thu nhdp trdn mpt ddn vi didn tich.
De'n nay, Tuydn Quang da hinh thanh cac viing chuyen canh cdy trdng hdng hda t$p trung, nbtf: Vilng ehe trdn 8.000 ha; Vung mia trdn 10.000 ha; Vung cam sanh Ham Yen trdn 2.500 ha; Vilng lac gin 5.000 ha; Vung gd nguydn Udu Nha may gid'y va bdt gid'y An Hda Tuyen Quang 163.365 ha... Nhieu cd sd san xua't, hg gia dinh dau ttf chan nudi ldn htfdng nac, chan nudi gia cam theo htfdng cdng nghidp, tao san pham hang hod va cung li'ng eon giong cho nhu cau chan
nudi trong Tinh; nghe nudi ed ldng trdn hd thuy didn Tuydn Quang vd nudi cd ldng, be trdn sdng ngay cang phdt trien.
Gid tri san xud't ndng, Iam nghidp, thiiy san giai doan 2008-2013 tang binh quan 6,39%/nam. San Itfdng Itfdng thtfc hang nam trdn 32 van ta'n. Kd't thiic ndm 2013, didn tich gieo cd'y Iiia ca ndm dat 45.820 ha, bang 102% ke'hoach; nang suat binh quan dat 58,1 ta/
ha; san Itfdng Itfdng thtfc dat 33,5 van ta'n, dat 102% kd' hoach (trong dd cd 26,6 van td'n thdc, 6,9 van tan ngd).
Cd cd'u gia tri san xua't nganh chan nudi trong tdng gid tri san xua't ndng nghidp nam 2012 chid'm 40,23%
(tdng 6,6% so vdi ndm 2008).
Day chii>en dong bao cua Cong ty CP Mia duang San Dirung
• jYiS Vi^n Chien Itfqfc va Khoa hoc Cong an, B6 Cong an I Email: tbtthanhtuan@gma!l.i
aad Forecasi Review
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KINH TE NGANH - DjA PHaONG
De thiic day chdn nudi phat tridn, vdi cd che' ehinh sacb khuye'n khich chan nudi hdng hda tap trung phil hdp, nhieu hd chdn nudi ga, ldn da phdt trien theo htfdng quy md gia trai vd trang trai: cac hd chdn nudi ldn htfdng nac cd ttt 100 nai ngoai trd Idn; hd chan nudi ldn thit quy md ttf 300 dd'n 500 con/ltfa. Todn Tinh da phat huy dtfdc ldi thd' ve mat ntfdc trong nudi trdng thuy san trdn hd thiiy dien Tuydn Quang, thtfc hien quy ehd' quan Iy khai thdc, bao ve ngudn Idi thuy san d cac vung trdn dia ban. Nam 2013, toan Tinh cd 10.745 ha mat ntfdc dtfdc td chtfc nudi trdng thiiy san. Ke't thdc nam, san Itfdng thiiy san thu hoach 5.600 td'n, dat 100%
kd' hoach.
Tuydn Quang da thtfc hien cd bleu qua cdc ehinh sach, dtf an hd trd giam ngheo, trong do tdp trung hd trd hg ngheo on dinh san xud't, vide lam, day nghe va hd trd hd ngheo vd nhd d.
Ngoai ra, Tinh cdn tich ctfe tridn khai thtfc hien mgt sd' md hinh khuyd'n ndng, khuyd'n lam, khuye'n ngtf, cd nbidu md hinh dem lai hidu qud va dtfdc nhan rdng trong sdn xuat, nhtf: Md hinh trdng ngd d^y, md hinh eanh tdc lua eai tie'n (SRI), gieo sa lua bang gidn keo tay, cd gidi hda trong khdu Iam dd't, su: dung phan vidn nen dui sau, nudi giff ngudn gen cua gid'ng ca ban dia quy hidm... Hang nam, nganh ndng nghidp da td chtfc thtfc hidn cdc dtf dn, md hinh gidng mdi, tdng ke't, danh gid, ltfa chpn gid'ng cd nang sua't cao, chat Itfdng td't de bo sung vao cd ca'u gidng cua Tinh. Hien nay, Tuyen Quang da Itfa ehpn va bd sung 13 gid'ng Iiia Iai, 05 gid'ng lua thuan chd't Itfdng cao, 06 gid'ng ngd lai, 01 gid'ng lac, 02 gid'ng ddu ttfdng; binh tuyen, edng nhan 31 cdy dau ddng {cam sdnh 13 cdy, budi 8 cdy. hdng 10 cdy) 6i nhan gidng. Vide sii" dung phdn vien ndn diii sau da gdp phan thay ddi tap qudn eanh tdc eiia ngtfdi ddn, cai thien mdi trtfdng, dac bidt Id nang cao thu nhdp cho ngtfdi trdng Iiia. Ridng trong vu mila nam 2013, didn tich Iiia dp dung phan vidn nen diii sdu thtfc hien
9.072 ha, chid'm 35,8% didn tich lua cua Tinh. Ky thuat mdi da tao cho cay Ida phat trien cao hdn; sd bdng/khdm, tdng so' hat va sd hat chac/bdng nhidu hdn so vdi rupng lua sit dung phan vai bruyen thdng. SRI tid'p tuc dtfdc duy tri d 136 xa da idm tang nang sua't lua va giam chi phi trong san xua't. Nhd he thd'ng khuyen ndng cd sd, edng tac phdng chd'ng dich bdnh cho cay trdng vdt nudi eung du'dc chii trpng.
O Tuydn Quang, cac chinh sdeh ve ccf gidi hda ndng nghidp va giam tdn that sau thu hoach dtfdc tridn khai thtfc hien ddng bd vdi cdc chinh sach phdt trien sdn xud't. Sd' Itfdng may mdc trong ndng nghiep tang Ien hang ndm, didn tich lam da't bdng mdy ndng nghidp chiem 67,1%
didn tich gieo trdng. Hd thdng can bg khuyd'n ndng, thu y, bao vd thtfe vat da thtfdng xuyen htfdng dan, ddn doe ndng dan thtfc hidn tdt vide chuydn doi cd cdu gid'ng va thdi vu dd'i vdi cay trdng chinh;
htfdng dan ky thuat cham sdc, phdng trtf sau benh hai cay trdng; ky thuat cham sde, nudi dtfdng va phdng tri bdnh cho gia siic, gia cam va thiiy san; cap nhap eac thdng tin ve thi trtfdng vd gia ca cdc mat hang ndng san dd ndng ddn cd dinh htfdng dau ttf sdn xua't.
Ngoai ra, Tinh da no Itfc huy ddng cac ngudn vd'n de tu sffa, nang cap, xdy dtfng mdi eac cdng trinh thuy ldi, t^ 1?
ttfdi chac nam 2012 dat 80,94% dien tieh gieo ca'y, tang 2,3% so nam 2008.
Trien khai xay dtfng ke ehd'ng sat Id bd sdng doan qua khu trung tam huyen Na
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Kinh leva Di/biHang, Chidm Hda, Ham Ydn, Sdn Dtfdng vd thanh phd Tuydn Quang. Trong 5 nam (2008-2012), toan Tinh da xdy dtfng, tu sffa ndng ca'p 324 edng trinh thuy ldi, kien ed' 162,6 km kdnh mtfdng.
NHL/NG V A N C O N NHIEU KHO KHAN
Thff nhdt, chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh td' va tdc do cdng nghidp boa, hidn dai hod ndng nghiep, ndng thdn trong Tinb cdn cham. Hien nay, Tuyen Quang chtfa hinh thdnh cdc vilng kinh te' trong diem de phdt huy tiem nang, thd' manh eiia dia phtfdng.
Thff hai, san xua't ndng, ldm nghidp d nhieu ndi cdn manh miin, phan tan, chtfa tao dtfde nhieu san ph^m hang boa ndng nghidp cd gia tri kinh te cao; phdt tridn cac viing san xud't hdng hda tap trung chuydn canh cdn cham, stfc eanh tranh ciia ndng san hang hda tha'p.
Thff ba, hidn nay, mdt bg phdn ndng dan trong Tinh con thie'u viec Iam, ddi sdng cdn gap nhieu khd khdn, nhd't la d vung sdu viing xa, vung ddng bao dan tgc thieu so'. Ke't cd'u ha tang kinh td' - xd hgi ndng thdn d nhidu ndi edn khd khan; viec thu hut cac nhd dau ttf vao ITnh vtfc ndng nghidp, ndng thdn cdn ban ehe'.
GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN THEO HU'CfNG BEN VCfNC
De san xud't ndng nghidp ciia Tinh phdt trien theo htfdng ben vttng, thdi gian tdi, Tuydn Quang can thtfe hidn cac giai phdp sau :
Mdt Id, tie'p tue ra sodt cac quy hoach hen quan de'n ndng nghidp, kinh te ndng thdn de dieu chinh, bo sung kip thdi dam bao phii bdp vdi thtfc te' va Quy hoach tdng the phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cua Tinh. Tap trung hodn thdnh cac quy hoaeh ITnh vtfc ndng nghiep, gdm: Quy hoach sff dung da't lua; quy hoach phdt trien trdng trpt; quy hoach phdt trien chdn nudi; dieu chinh, bd sung quy hoach xay dtfng vd phdt men thuy san.
Hai la, diy manh chuyen dich san xud't ndng, Iam nghiep theo htfdng san xud't hang hda, tao chuyen bid'n ve nang sud't, chat Itfdng vd hieu qua kinh te. Quan ly chat che didn tich chuyen trdng lua theo quy hoaeh, dam bao giff vttng an ninh Itfdng thtfc. Phdt tridn cac vilng san xua't tdp trung theo htfdng san xud't hang hda gdn vdi cdng nghiep che' bid'n va thi trtfdng tieu thu nhtf: che, mia, cam, lac va eae ndng san hang hda cd gia tri kinh te' eao.
Nang cao bidu qua san xua't, kmh doanh eiia cac cdng ty che, cdng ty trach nhidm mdt thanh vien ldm nghiep ciia Tinh; tid'p tuc cung cd' vd ddi mdi hoat dpng ciia cae hdp tdc xa, phat trien da dang cae binh thtfc kinh te' d ndng thdn (kinh tetgp thi, hgp tdc xd, td hgp tdc, kinh te trang trgi, doanh nghiip...). Tinh can phdt trien sdn xua't tieu thii cdng nghidp, ngdnh nghd ndng thdn phil hdp vdi the'manh cua ttfng vung; giff gin, phat huy ban sac van hda dan tpc, xdy dtfng ldng ngbd gdn vdi phat trien kinh td' du Uch. Tang ctfdng nghien ctfu, ehuydn giao va tfng dung khoa hpc, cdng ngbd vao san xuat ndng, Iam nghiep vd phdt tridn ndng thdn; ndng cao ndng Itfc, hieu qua cua he thd'ng khuye'n ndng; tttng btfdc cd gidi hda, tang bidu qua san xud't, giam tdn thd't sau thu hoaeh.
Ba Id, bao dam quan ly chat che thi trtfdng cdc ye'u td' ddu vdo eho san xud't ndng nghiep, nha't Id cae loai gid'ng cay, gid'ng con va cdc Ioai vat ttf ndng nghiep kbdc; kidn toan, eiing cd' he thdng hop tdc xa dich vu ndng nghiep; chii trpng khau ehd' bid'n, bao quan cdc san pham ndng nghiep; xay dtfng thtfdng hieu cho mdt so loai san pham ndng nghiep trong Tinh.
Bdn Id. huy ddng ngudn itfc dau ttf xay dimg ke't cd'u ha tang ndng nghiep, ndng thdn; xdy dtfng cdc cdng trinh thuy Idi, didn, dtfdng, trtfdng tram. Gan cdng tac xdy dtfng kd't cd'u ha t^ng vdi cdng tdc xay dtfng ndng thdn mdi.
Ndm Id, ciu gan ket vdi bdi canh Vung va quy hoach san xua't ndng nghidp ciia ca ntfdc; ngodi cac mue tieu ldn de dn ed the dtfa vao mdt so' mue tidu phan dau, nhtf: tang gid tri trdn mdt ddn vi didn tich, thu nhdp trdn dau ngtfdi ciia ndng dan. Van de to chtfc san xud't va Hen ke't sdn xud't eung rd't can thie't de phat trien ben vffng, can tao ra mdt so' md hinh tbi diem va sau dd eIn nhan rdng trong Tinh.
Thtfe hidn long ghep cd hidu qua ngudn vd'n ttf cdc chtfdng trinh, dtf an: Chtfdng trinh muc tidu qudc gia, dtf an di dan tdi dinh ctf thiiy didn Tuydn Quang, chtfdng trinh 135, chtfdng trinh bd'tri sdp xe'p dn dinh ddn ctf. Chii trpng edng tde quan ly, khai thae, sii dung, bao tri cac cdng trinh dam bao hidu qua, ben vttng.•
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Thii ttfdng Chinh phu (2013). Quyi't dinh sd 899/QD-TTg, ngdy 10/6/2013 veviec Phe duyit de dn tdi ca cdu ngdnh ndng nghiep theo hudng ndng cao gid tri gia tdng vd phdt triin bin vffng
2. Duy Hung (2013). Thdng lai trang sdn xudt ndng - Idmnghiep, truy cap ttf http://baotuyenquang.
com'vn/kinh-te/nong-lam-nghiep/thang-Ioi-trong-san-xuat-nong-Iam-nghiep-34474.html
