Phat trien son xuat ca phe ben vung CO chCrng nhqn tql tinh Dale Lak^
N G U Y E N T R O N G XUAN N G U Y E N H O N G N G A N G U Y E N T H I H U Y E N TRANG
^ J iet Nam hiin dd Id nitdc xudt khdu cd phi Robusta ldn nhdt the gidi vdi gid tri tong 1^ sdn litdng chiem khoang 2% GDP. Bdk Ldk Id tinh eo dien tich, sdn litdng cd phe ldn nhdt nitdc ta, cd phe la mat hdng ndng sdn xudt khdu chu lite cua tinh (chiem hdn 80% kim ngach xudt khdu hdng ndm), nhitng hiin nay, ngdnh cd phi cua tinh cdng dang phdi ddi mat vdi nhiiu thach thitc de doa den sit phdt trien ben viing, vdn di sdn xudt cd phe co chiing nhan bin uitng chita ditdc quan tdm dung mite. Bdi vieiphdn tich thitc trang, xdc dinh cdc yiu td' chinh tdc dong den viec phdt trien sdn xudt cd phi bin vitng d Bdk Ldk vd di xudt nhitng gidi phdp md rdng sdn xudt cd phi bin viing co chitng nhdn, dita ngdnh cd phi cila tinh phdt triin bin viing trong thdi gian tdi.
1. Noi d u n g cd b a n v e p h a t t r i d n s a n xua't c a p h e b e n vdfng co chvfng n h a n Trong hdn mdt thdp ky qua, nganh ea phd t h d gidi da t r a i qua nhflng ddt k h u n g hoang nghidm trpng va thfldng xuydn bid'n dong phfle tap d i n de'n nhflng tac ddng tieu cfle, ddc biet d nhflng vung trdng ca phd. \ ^ thd', chu de phat trien ca phe bdn vflng ngay cdng ndng hdn trong cdng ddng ca phd t h e gidi ndi chung va Viet N a m ndi rieng. Mdi q u a n t a m tfl phia tieu dung tai cae thi trfldng n h a p k h i u ve cac khia canh kinh te', xa hdi va mdi trfldng trong san xuat ca phe ngay cdng gia tang, hinh t h a n h nen mot mang t h i trfldng rieng eho cdc san p h a m dat dfldc eae ehuiig ehi vd mdi trfldng va xa hdi n h a m hfldng tdi p h a t trien ea phe ben vflng.
1.1, Ve phdt trien sdn xudt cd phe ben viing
Theo Td ehflc Ca phe t h e gidi (2006) t h i p h a t trien san xud't cd phe ben vflng bao gdm nhflng dieu kien san x u i t , ehe' bien va thfldng mai cho t i t ea eac ben lien quan trong chudi cung flng sao cho: dem lai Idi
n h u a n kinh td' du t r a n g t r a i chi phi san xuS^t va sinh hoat, eung nhfl mdt p h i n ddi ra cho d a u t u p h a t trien; dd'i xii cd trach nhidm vdi mdi trfldng de duy tri tai nguyen thidn nhien cho eae t h e he tUdng lai; bad dam cac dilu kien xa hdi va lam viec p h u hdp vdi cac c h u a n mUc qud'c td', tao didu kidn duy tri si^
on dinh cua cdng ddng.
P h a t tridn san x u a t ca phd ben viing giii vai trd r a t quan trpng, giup dn dinh va nang eao hieu qua k i n h te' cho san xuat kinh doanh ca phe; giup cho hd san xud't, cac doanh nghiep san xua't k i n h doanh ea phe cd t h u n h a p dn dinh; tao cdng an vide lam cho lao ddng ndng nghidp, gdp p h i n xda ddi giam ngheo mot each b e n viing va cai thien mdi trUdng v u n g san xud't.
Nguyin Trong Xuan, PGS.TS., Vifin Kinh t^ Vifit Nam; Nguygn Hong Nga, PGS.TS., trucmg Dai hoc Kinh te - Luat, Dai hoc Qudc gia TP. H6 Chi Minh; Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Ngiln hang Ban Vi6t, TP. Hd Chi Minh,
1. Mot trong nhimg k^t qua cua d^ t&i khoa hoc cJip nha nude TN3/X17 (Chucmg trinh Tay Nguyen 3).
5 2
Phat tri^n san xu^t ca phe ,
Ndi d u n g cua p h a t trien san x u a t ca phd ben vflng la d a m bao sU ben vflng cua san xua't cd phe t r e n ca ba linh vflc kinh te, xa hoi va mdi trfldng. Ve kinh te, dd la thue d i y t a n g trfldng kinh td' dia phUdng, dam bad hieu q u a k i n h t e ehd ngUdi san xua't va t a n g sflc canh t r a n h san p h a m ca phe trdn thi trfldng. Vd xa hdi, phai giai quydt tot vide lam, dam bao n d n g cao t h u nhlLp va gdp p h a n xda ddi giam nghdo, bao dam an ninh - qude phdng, dn dinh chinh tri, t r a t tfl an toan xa hdi. Vd mdi trfldng, ddi hdi k h a i thac, sfl dung cae t a i nguyen mdt each hdp ly va chu trpng de'n van de bao vd mdi trfldng sinh t h a i eua vung s a n x u i t ca phe.
1.2, Ve cd phe ben viing co chiing nhan Ca phe bdn vflng cd chflng n h a n la cac san pham ea phd bao gdm ba t r u cdt cua t i n h ben vflng, do la: bdn vflng kinh td eho ndng dan, bao tdn mdi trfldng va trach nhidm xa hdi.
Chflng n h a n la quy t r i n h t h u tuc cua cd q u a n chflng n h d n ddc Idp cd'p chflng chi bao d a m c h i t lUdng ca phe va qua t r i n h san x u i t da dupe d a n h gia la t u a n t h u nhflng yeu c i u da xac dinh (Trinh Dflc Minh, 2010).
Cho den nay, trong cdng ddng ca phe da ed tdi 5 chfldng t r i n h chu ydu kiem tra, cd'p chflng n h a n chd ca phd, do Id nhflng chfldng t r i n h ldn dfldc nhieu ngfldi q u a n tdm gom:
ThUdng m a i cdng bang (Fairtrade), Hflu ed (Organic), Lien minh Riftig mfla (Rainforest Alhance), UTZ Certified va Bd quy t i c flng xfl chung cua cdng ddng cd phe (4C). 4C khac vdi cac tieu c h u i n ca phd cd chflng n h a n la chi dfla t r e n kiem t r a chfl khdng chflng n h a n sfl hdp c h u i n . Cac chfldng t r i n h t r e n tuy ndi dung, each tie'p cdn cd khac n h a u nhflng deu ed c h u n g mdt muc tieu la hfldng de'n p h a t trien cd phe ben vflng.
2. Thi^c t r a n g p h a t t r i e n c a c s a n p h a m c a p h e b e n vufng c 6 c h i i n g n h a n d D a k Lak
Nhflng n a m g i n day, san x u a t ea phe ben vflng cd chflng n h a n da t h u h u t sfl q u a n t a m hfldng flng cua ngdy cang nhieu ddanh
nghiep va hd ndng d a n san xua't ca phe d Dak Lak. Tinh dd'n cudi ndm 2012, trong so 1,7 tridu t a n ea phe cua ca nfldc thi cd g i n 623.000 t a n ed chflng n h a n bdn vflng, trong do ca phe Dak Lak chie'm g i n 44% vdi sfl t h a m gia cua t r e n 93.554 ndng ho, 5 lien minh san x u a t ca phe ben vflng va 2 HTX t h a m gia san x u i t ca phe ed chflng n h d n t r e n dien tich hdn 77.000 ha (Le Ngpc, 2013).
Tinh dd'n n a m 2013, t r e n dia b a n Dak L a k cd cac loai hinh ca phd ben vflng gdm:
ThUdng mai cdng b a n g (Fairtrade), Lien minh Rflng mfla (Rainforest Alliance), UTZ Certified vd Bp quy t i c flng xfl chung eua cdng dong cd phd (4C).
2.1. UTZ Certified
UTZ Certified la ehUdng t r i n h chflng n h a n ea phe bdn vflng tie'p cdn sdm nha't vdi san x u i t ea phe d Viet Nam va Dak Lak.
Hien n a y day la chfldng t r i n h chflng n h a n h a n g d a u tai Viet N a m . Chflng n h a n UTZ Certified da dfldc cae ddanh nghidp trdng nfldc trien k h a i tfl t h a n g 9-2001 va ddt s a n p h d m dfldc chflng n h a n d a u tien vao t h a n g 12-2002 la 4.600 t a n tai 3 cdng t y T h i n g Ldi, Ea Pdk, va Krdng Ana. Khi dai didn UTZ Viet N a m dfldc t h a n h lap vao t h a n g 10-2006, mflc dp phdt trien da t a n g len mdt each m a n h me. Theo Vdn phdng UTZ Certified tai Dak Ldk va Cd q u a n chflng n h a n ddc lap, tdi cud'i n a m 2008 tai D a k L a k ed 7 cdng t y dfldc chflng n h a n vdi tdng dien tich 6.169 ha, san Ifldng 15.500 t a n . N a m 2010, dien tich ap dung chflng n h a n UTZ Certified dat 14.250,3 ha, san Ifldng dfldc chflng n h a n d a t 39.677,4 t a n . Tinh ddn cudi n a m 2012, tdng Ifldng ca phe dfldc chflng n h d n UTZ t a i Vidt N a m dat hdn 135.000 tan, trong dd ca phe D a k Lak d a t k h o a n g 51.300 t a n chidm 38%.
Gia ca phe cd chflng n h d n UTZ Certified dat dfldc qua thda t h u d n gifla ben m u a va ben b a n theo gia thdi diem va t h u d n g dfldc t r a tdng t h e m t r u n g binh khoang 60 USD/tan doi vdi ca phe vdi Dak Lak. Mflc t r a t a n g t h e m t a i thi trfldng Viet N a m t h a p hdn Nghien cdu Kinh tesd436 - Thing 9/2014
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Phat trien san xud't cd phe
n h i e u dd ca phe Viet N a m h i u h e t la ca phe vdi che bie'n khd.
2.2. Thi/cfngmai congb&ng(Fairtrade) Chfldng t r i n h chflng n h d n ea phe Thfldng mai cdng b i n g dfldc khdi ddng tai Dak Lak vao gifla ndm 2008 thdng q u a mdt dfl dn cua Cdng ty D a k m a n , thflc hien t h i diem t a i huyen Cfl M'Nga, To lien kdt thfldng mai cdng bang Ea Kiet dfldc h i n h t h d n h vdi tong cdng 55 ho ddn t h a m gia, dien tich 101 h a . Hai nhdm hd d i u tien ndy da dfldc t h a n h t r a vao t h i n g 8-2009. Dd'n n a m 2011, td lien kdt dUdc nang c i p t h d n h HTX Ndng nghiep dieh vu cdng bang Ea Kiet. Nien vu 2012 - 2013, HTX cd 97 xa vien vdi didn tich ca phe hdn 180 ha, san lUdng hdng n a m dat hdn 720 t i n n h a n , nang s u a t binh q u a n 4 tan/ha.
Quy phfle ldi eua HTX t h u dUde tfl dich vu chd bien, kinh doanh ca phe F a i r t r a d e tfl 3,6 - 4 ty ddng/nam.
Mflc gia tdi thidu dfldc dam bao khi t h u m u a ca phd Thfldng mai cdng bdng hidn la 1,8 USD/kg, tflc vao khoang gan 37 nghin ddng/kg. Gia t a n g t h e m dfldc sfl dung hoan toan cho phuc ldi va p h a t tridn cdng ddng.
Nhflng ket qua budc d a u vd san x u i t cd phe thUdng mai cdng bdng tai Dak L a k t u y cdn khiem ton nhUng vdi nhflng k e t qua d a t dfldc trdng tfldng lai khdng xa se cd n h i e u doanh nghidp t h a m gia, tao mdi lien ket thflc sfl gifla doanh nghidp va ndng dan.
2.3. Lien minh rieng mita (Rainforest Alliance)
Tai Dak Ldk chfldng t r i n h chflng n h a n nay cung dfldc khdi ddng tfl ndm 2008 thdng qua mdt dfl dn cua Cdng t y D a k m a n . N a m 2008 t h i didm tai 2 xd Ea T a r va Quang Phfl thudc h u y e n Cfl M'Nga, t h a n h Idp 2 nhdm ndng hp vdi 300 ndng hd t h a m gia, dien tich g i n 500 ha, san Ifldng dfldc chflng n h d n cud'i n a m 2008 la 1.600 t a n . N a m 2009 md rdng sang 2 xa Hda Ddng va E a t u vdi 560 hp t h a m gia, didn tich 550 h a vd san Ifldng k h o a n g 1.200 t i n . De'n cuoi n a m 2012, trong sd' 6 ddn vi dfldc chflng n h d n eua ca nfldc thi cd ddn 5 ddn vi t r e n dia b a n D a k Lak, tdng
Ifldng ca phe cua Dak L a k dfldc chflng nhan Rainforest Alliance x i p xi 26.000 t a n (tfldng dfldng g i n 80% lUdng ea phe cd chflng nhdn RFA cua ca nfldc) vdi gan 3.200 t h a n h vien va dien tich g i n 7.400. Gia t r a t a n g them chd ea phe ed chflng n h a n Lien minh ritag mfla d Dak L a k t r u n g b i n h khoang 30 USD/tan.
2.4. Cd phe 4C
Bd Quy t i c flng xfl c h u n g eho Cdng dong c a phe d a n h chd san x u i t va kinh doanh ca phe "thdng thfldng" b a t d i u dfldc phd bien va dp dung tai D a k L a k tfl gifla n a m 2006.
c a phe chflng n h a n s a n x u i t theo quy trinh 4C t u y x u i t hien t a i D a k Lak sau UTZ nhflng la loai h i n h phd bie'n n h a t do ydu ciu d mflc cd ban. Cud'i ndm 2008, tai Dak Lak da cd 7 ddn vi 4C vdi didn tich khoang 7.000 ha va san lUdng 23 n g h i n t i n . Nam 2010, dien tich ca phe 4C tdng g i p ddi so vdi nam 2008 len hdn 14 nghin ha, so' ndng hd tham gia la 8.821 hd va s a n lUdng d a t 45,5 nghin t i n . De'n cudi n a m 2012, s a n lUdng cd phg dUde xac n h a n 4C da len ddn hdn 192 nghin t i n , vdi g i n 35 nghin hd ndng d i n t h a m gia va dien tich hdn 52 nghin h a .
Thed t h d n g ke todn t h e gidi, lUdng ca phe 4C tidu t h u dUdc du6i d a n g 4C chi chidm k h o a n g 10%. Tai Viet N a m ndi chung va Dak Lak ndi rieng chUa cd sd' lieu nao cdng b d chinh thflc nhflng cd le cung chfla thd dat dfldc con so k h a q u a n hdn. Tuy nhien, tieu c h u a n 4C Id tieu c h u i n ed ban, tren nen t a n g dd cd thd p h a t t r i e n nhflng he thd'ng chflng n h d n cd yeu c i u cao hdn.
2.5. Ddnh gid chung
Nhfl vay, mac du ca phe cd chflng nhan dang p h a t t r i e n n h a n h vdi sfl t h a m gia ciaa cac doanh nghiep va bd ndng d a n t r e n dia ban, nhflng ke't q u a d a t dfldc cdn thd'p so vdi dieu kidn va yeu c i u thflc td ciia tinh. Tai D a k Lak, t r o n g cac loai ca phe ben vflng c6 chflng n h a n , ea p h e 4C chid'm s a n Ifldng nhidu n h a t do nhflng yeu c i u cua nd ehi h mflc ed ban, dflng thfl h a i la ca phd UTZ
5 4 Nghien ciiU Kinh td's6'436 - Thing 9/2014
Phdt trien san xuat cd phe ...
Certified la loai ea phe ed chflng n h a n dfldc tie'p can sdm nhdt, eac loai cdn lai san Ifldng cdn k h a it hoac dang trong thdi gian thi diem de md rdng. Ngodi ra, do cd gia thfldng ddi vdi ca phe canh tac ben vflng n e n dang cd t i n h t r a n g nhidu dien tich canh tdc ca phe dfldc dang ky t h a m gia h a i h a y nhieu chflng n h a n ben viing eua cac cdng ty khac n h a u , vi vay dien tich ca phe ben viing cd chflng n h a n cd t h e t h i p hdn s d l i e u thd'ng ke.
2.5.1. Diem manh
Nhflng n a m g a n day, vide san xuat ca phd theo hfldng b i n vflng cd chflng n h a n , xac n h d n da t h u h u t sfl q u a n t a m hfldng uiig cua nhieu doanh nghiep va hd ndng d a n san x u i t ea phd. Dien tich va san Ifldng ca phe ben vflng ed chiing n h a n t a n g k h a n h a n h .
Tai D a k Lak, p h i n ldn dien tich c i phd dfldc trdng t a p t r u n g va da so' deu da dap flng dfldc mot p h i n dieu kien ed b a n eua eae bd nguyen t i e chflng n h a n . Hdn nfla, cae hd ndng d a n t h a m gia thdng qua cac doanh nghidp, HTX, do dd hp dfldc hd trd phi chflng nhan, ddng thdi t h u tuc dang ky k h a ddn gian, nhflng dieu nay eung tad dieu kien t h u d n ldi hdn cho ba cdn ndng d a n t h a m gia san xud't ca phd cd chflng n h d n d Dak Lak.
Cac chfldng t r t n h da ke't nd'i t h d n h cdng 4 n h a (nha nong, N h d nfldc, nhd khda hpe va n h a ddanh nghiep) trdng vide phoi hdp, hd trd san x u a t ca phe thed hfldng ben vflng.
2.5.2. Diem yiu
Mac du ca phe cd chflng n h a n dang p h a t trien n h a n h nhflng ke't qua dat dfldc cdn k h a tha'p, hdn nfla p h i n ldn (hdn 70%) san Ifldng ehiing n h a n la ea phe 4C do nhiJng yeu can chi d mflc ed ban.
Da sd dien tich ca phe 6 Dak Lak n a m trong sfl q u a n ly, canh tac cua cac hd gia dinh. Trong khi do, de thflc hien va t u a n t h u cac bp nguyen tac chflng nhdn, thi vide td ehflc t h a n h n h d m hp Id dieu kien b a t budc (nhfl vdi F a i r Trade) h a y la dieu kidn c i n ddi vdi cac chflng n h a n khdc dd d a m bao tinh k h a t h i trong thflc hien vd t u a n thu.
Nhin chung, trong thdi gian qua cdng tdc quang ba vd ldi ich ciia cac md hinh nay cdn chfla dfldc q u a n tdm. Viec thflc hidn cac tieu c h u a n xua't k h a u ea phe eon t h a p , chfla m a n g t i n h b a t budc, n e n chfla tao dp Ifle de san xuat ea phe cd chat lUdng cad.
2.5.3. Cdhdi
Thi p h i n cua cac loai cd phe ed chflng n h a n p h a t tridn m a n h me trdng nhflng n a m g i n day. P h a n khflc ca phe cd chflng n h d n da tdng trfldng vdi td'c dp khoang 20-25% mdi ndm so vdi mflc tdng trfldng khoang 2% cua ea phe thdng thfldng. Nhieu t a p dddn r a n g xay ca phe ldn t r e n thd' gidi dang bpe Id cac md'i q u a n t a m dac biet tdi p h a n khflc nay, do do trien vpng phat tridn cua mang thi trfldng n a y cdn rd't nhieu tiem nang. N a m 2011, S a r a Lee cam ke't se t a n g gap 3 lUdng t h u m u a ca phd cd chflng chi UTZ Certified Good Inside trong vdng 5 n a m tdi. Starbuck b i t d i u ehi phuc vu ca phe cd chflng n h d n F a i r t r a d e vdi t i t ea cic loai do ud'ng dang espresso tai Chau Au ke tfl t h i n g 3-2010.
T h a n g 5-2011, Kraft Food cdng bd hp p h i n da'u sii dung 100% ngudn cung ca phe ben vflng cho cac n h a n hieu tai thi trfldng C h a u Au vao n a m 2015.
2.5.4. Thdch thitc
Ve thi trfldng: tuy cd gia t a n g nhflng quy md thi trfldng eua ca phe cd chflng n h a n cdn nhd, chi chid'm hdn 10% tdng Ifldng ca phe x u i t k h i u .
Yeu c i u ve chat Ifldng: dfl dat dfldc ehiing nhan, ca phe muon dUde hudng gia t a n g t h e m cao thi chat Ifldng h a t ea phe phai eao tUdng Ung. Day la mdt trong nhflng thach thflc ldn nha't tfl trfldc de'n nay cua ca phe Dak Lak.
Chflng n h a n : dd Id nhflng khd k h a n lien q u a n ddn yeu c i u hdp tac cd td chflc, chuyen tfl t h a m canh sang san xud't ben vflng, chi phi chflng nhan.
Rui ro tiem i n : ngfldi san x u i t p h a i bd r a chi phi trong giai doan chuyen ddi, eac doanh nghidp k m h doanh x u i t k h i u ddng gdp hd trd ndng d a n td chflc s a n x u i t va
Nghien cdu Kmh tes6436 - Thdng 9/2014 5 5
Phat trien san xudt ca phe .
chflng n h a n . . . , n e u khdng bad d a m b a n dfldc san p h i m vdi gia cao hdn t h i hp se hi thidt thdi ldn.
3 . N g h i e n cxin c a c y e u t o t a c d o n g d e n v i d e p h a t t r i d n s a n x u a t c a p h e b e n vijfng CO chijfng n h a n of D a k L a k 3.1. Cong trinh nghien cOu thuc nghiem Theo N g u y i n Vdn Hda (2014) cac n h d n t d a n h hfldng de'n p h a t trien san xud't ea phe ben vflng bao gdm: (1) dieu kien tfl nhien.
(2) n h d m n h d n t d thudc vd ehu thd s a n xuit, (3) n h d m n h a n t d vd t h i trfldng, (4) n h d n td ehinh phu. Cac n h a n td' n a y tae ddng qua lai l i n n h a u , tao ddng Ifle cho p h a t tridn ea phe b e n vflng, trong dd vai trd cua Chinh phu chi phd'i cae n h d n td'cdn lai.
Cdng t r i n h nghien eflu cua N g u y i n Van Hda da dfla r a md h i n h ke't l u a n vd eae ydu to a n h hfldng ddn p h a t tridn san x u i t ea phe b e n vflng b D a k L a k nhfl sau:
Ln(Y)= -1,6001 + 0,7446Ln(Xl) + 0,1569Ln(X2) + 0,187lLn(X3) + 0,0380D2 + 0,0307D3 + 0,3215D4 + 0,3982D5
Trong dd: XI Id bie'n dien tich, X2 la bie'n vd'n cho kinh doanh ca phe, X3 Id bie'n sd' Ifldng lad ddng, D2 Id bie'n phfldng p h a p bdn pbdn, D3 la bidn cdng tac khuydn ndng, D4 la bie'n bidn p h a p chd'ng xdi mdn d i t , D5 la bie'n bien phdp trdng cay c h i n gid.
3.2. Mo hinh nghien cUu dexudt Can cfl vdo ly ludn vd p h a t trien san xuit cd phe bdn vflng cd chflng n h a n , ly thuydt kinh td hpe vd cung kdt hdp vdi cdng trinh nghien eflu thflc nghidm da t r i n h bay, nhdm tac gia de x u i t md h i n h nghien eflu nhfl sau;
Md h i n h de xuat: sfl dung md h i n h logarit
LnSANLUONG = %+ piLAODONG + PaHOCVAN + pgbiCHIPHIVON + p4hiCPDAUVA0 + psKTNN + pehiKHCN + p^hiDIENTICH + peHTTOCHUC + lynTNKHAC + PioKYVONG + P,iTHITRUONG+ Pi^CHINHSACH + u„
Trong dd: SANLUONG la san Ifldng cd phe bdn vflng cd chflng n h d n / n a m eua hd gia dinh (ddn vi: t i n ) . LnSANLUONG (liy
logarit cua san lUdng): la bien p h u thudc.
Cdn lai Id cae bie'n ddc Idp, cu t h e nhU sau;
(ky hieu: In la lay logarit cua bii'n gdc)
Nhom
Nhdm yg'u td dSu v&o
Ky hieu LAODONG HOCVAN
CHIPHIVON
KTNN
CPDAUVAO
Mo ta bien so S6 ngucri trong dp tuoi lao dOng cua h6 gia dinh.
Trinh do hoc v&i cua ngutri lao dOng trong hO gia dinh the hien qua s6 nam di hoc.
Nguon von dSu tu cho san xuSt (chi phi vdn) th^ hifen qua chi phi lai vay m6t nam ho gia dinh phai tra ddi vdi ngudn vdn vay de dSu tu san xutft ck phe b^n vihig cd chiing nhan.
Kien thiic ndng nghiep qua cac khoa dao tao la sd khda dao tao vg kie'n thiic ndng nghigp ma cic thanh vien trong hd gia dinh tham gia trong 3 nam g&i nhit.
Chi phi dSu vao khdc th^ hien qua tdng sd ti^n mdt nam ha gia dinh chi ra d^ dSu tu cSc ydu td d^u vSo cho san xaSt ca phe bin vflng c6 chiing nhan (khdng tinh chi phi vdn v^ chi phi dSu W cho ky thuat cdng nghe).
Dan vi Ngu^
Nam hoc Trieu ddng
Khda hoc
Trieu ddng
Kyvong da'u
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5 6 NghiSn ciiu Kinh tSs6436 - Thing 9/2014
Phdt Ui^n sin xuat cd phe .
N h o m
Nhdm y^u td v6 cdng nghe va nang sua^t san xu£ft
Nhom yS^u td v^ san p h ^ ndng nghiep lien quan Nhdm ydu td vi ky vpng cua ngudi trdng c^
phe
Nhdm ydu td
\i chinh sach
Ky hieu
KHCN
DIENTICH
HTTOCHUC
TNKHAC
KYVONG
THrrauoNG
CHINHSACH
Mo ta bien sd
Uig dung khoa hoc ky thuat va cOng nghe the hien qua sd ti^n he gia dinh ddu tu vi ky thuat, cdng nghd trong vide san xuSt ca phe bin vung cd chiing nhan ffong mdt nam.
Dien tich trong ca phe ciia mdt h6.
Hinh thiic td chlic, lien kdt san xuit cua hd trong san xuSt ca phe la bieii dumy nhan gia tri 0 ndu ho gia dinh san xu^t kinh doanh ddc lap, nhan gia tri 1 nd'u hd gia dinh cd tham gia vao 1 hinh thiJc lien kdt nao do.
Thu nhap til cac ndng san khac.
Ky vong cua ngucfi san xuSit ca phe la bidn dumy nhan gia tri 0 ndu ngudi san xuSt k^ vpng xa'u vd gia cua ca phe bin viing cd chiing nhan trong tuong lai, nhan gia tri 1 ndu ho cd ky vong td't ve gia cua san p h ^ .
Thi tnidng tidu thu san phim la bidn dumy nhan gia tri 0 ndu thi trucmg tieu thu cS phe b^n viMg cd chiing nhcln duoc hd san xuEft danh gia la gap nhidu khd khan, nhSn gia tri 1 ndu thi trudng thuan loi.
Chinh sach hd trp vd san xuit nflng nghiep cua dia phuong la sd chinh sdch mk mflt he gia dinh trdng ca phe dang duoc hudng.
Dem vi
Trieu ddng
10.000m 2
Trieu ddng
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Chinh sach
Ky vong dia
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3.3. Phiidng phdp chon mdu vd nguon dU lieu
Kich thudc mdu: theo Tabaehniek & Fidell (2007) kich thUdc m i u dfldc xac dinh: n > 50 + 5P (vdi n la kieh thUdc m i u , P la so bie'n ddc lap). Md h i n h de x u i t gdm 12 bie'n ddc lap, n h u vay m i u tdi thieu la 110 hd, de t a n g tinh dai dien cho m i u , nhdm tac gia chpn m i u gdm 200 hd.
Phitdng phdp chon mdu: sxi dung phfldng p h a p ehpn m i u t h u d n tien.
Nguon so'lieu: sd'lieu dfldc t h u t h a p thdng qua phdng vd'n trUe tie'p eac ndng hd trdng ca phe cd chflng n h a n bang phie'u phdng va'n. Sd lidu dfldc khao sat tai cae huyen Cfl M'gar, Krong Ana, Ea H'leo, thi xa Budn Hd va T h a n h phd Budn Ma Thupt.
3.4. Ke't qua nghien cUu
Sau khi tien h d n h khao sat sd lieu thflc te', xfl ly sd' lieu va fldc Ifldng md h i n h t r e n eviews, nhdm tae gia dUa r a kd't qua nghien cUu n h u sau:
LnSANLUONG = 0,8747 + 2,0304KTNN + 0,3014LnKHCN 4- 0,7686LnDIENTICH 0,1366HTTOCHUC + 0,1215KYVONG + 0,7601CHINHSACH Tfl ke't q u a tren, sfl t i e ddng cua l i n Ifldt
eac yeu t d dd'n san Ifldng ca phe bdn vflng ed chflng n h d n trong dieu kidn eac ye'u t d khac khdng dd'i nhfl sau:
Trdng 3 n a m trUdc do, n e u hd gia dinh t h a m gia t h e m 1 khda t a p h u a n ve KTNN, san lUdng ca phe bdn vflng cd chflng n h a n se t a n g 2,0304%.
Nghidn ciiu Kinh tSsd436 • Thdng 9/2014 5 7
Phat trien sin xuat ca phd ,
Neu hd gia (hnh tdng chi phi d a u tfl cho khoa bpe cdng nghe thdm 1%, san Ifldng cd phe bdn viJng cd chflng n h a n se t a n g 0,3014%.
Ne'u dien tich trdng ca phe eua 1 hd t a n g len 1%, san Ifldng ca phe ben vflng cd chflng n h a n se tdng t h e m 0,7686%.
Ne'u he gia dinh t h a m gia vao 1 td chflc lien ke't thi san Ifldng ca phe ben viing cd chflng n h a n se cao hdn hd khdng t h a m gia (e'^0,1366)-l = 14,63%.
Nhflng hd cd ky vpng td't ve loai hinh ca phe ndy thi san Ifldng ea phe ed chflng n h a n se cad hdn hd ed ky vpng khdng tdt (e'^0,1215)-l = 12,91%.
Hd gia (hnh dfldc hfldng t h e m 1 chinh sach hd trd tfl dia phfldng t h i san Ifldng cd phe ben vflng ed chflng n h a n se t a n g thdm 0,7601%.
4. Mot so giai phap phat trien s a n xua't ca phe b d n vvtng co chijfng n h a n tai Dak Lak
Thii nhdt, d i y m a n h cdng tac tuyen truyen, ddo tao, t a p h u i n n h d m nang cao nang Ifle, n h a n thflc eua ngfldi lao ddng san x u i t ca phe. Kien thflc, hieu biet h a n chd' cung vdi n h d n thflc cdn t h i p , dac biet la cua ba eon ddng bao dan tpc, la mdt trong nhflng can trd ldn de md rdng phat trien san x u i t ea phe cd cd chflng n h a n . Vi vdy, c i n thdng qua tuyen truyen, t a p h u i n , ddo tao dd md rdng kien thflc, nang cao n h a n thflc eua ngfldi lao ddng san xua't ca phe. Dd'i vdi ca phe cd chflng nhdn ben vflng, ngfldi san x u i t c i n t u a n t h u chat ehe eae bd nguyen tac t u y theo tiing chfldng t r i n h chflng nhdn, ben canh cae tidu c h u i n ve kinh te', cdc san p h i m ca phe cd chflng n h d n ddu cd yeu c i u nghiem ngat ve xa hdi va mdi trfldng. Do do, c i n thie't ndng eao n h a n thflc cua ngfldi san xua't de hp n i m vflng cac nguyen t i c , tieu c h u i n , cd y thflc tfl giac thflc hien mdt each nghiem tuc n h i m dat ke't qua td't nhat.
ThU hai, ddi mdi md hinh quan ly va td ehflc san xua't ea phe. Da so didn tich ca phd d Dak Lak n a m trong sfl q u a n ly, canh tac
eua cdc hd gia ^ n h vdi quy md r i t nhd. Vdi dac didm nay cac hd san xua't ca phe tai day cd nhidu b i t ldi trong s a n x u i t k i n h doanh, trong tiep can t h i trfldng va tieu t h u san p h a m , eung nhfl b a n che' k h a n a n g tie'p cdn vdi nhflng kidn thflc khoa hoc ky t h u d t giup n a n g eao hidu q u a n s a n x u i t . Tuy nhidn, san x u i t nho eung cd nhflng dae diem tich cue n h u t i n h chu ddng t r o n g q u a n ly, d i u tU cho s a n x u i t k i n h doanh, quy md nhd p h u hdp vdi t r i n h dp q u a n ly eua hd la chu trUdng trong p h a t trien n g a n h ca phd. TrUdc mat, de n a n g eao nang lUc va vi thd' trdn thi trUdng eho hd san x u i t ca phe, tie'p cdn vdi san x u i t h a n g hda ed hieu qua cao ma khdng danh m a t nhflng dac diem tich cfle trong san xuit cua hd gia dinh n e n p h a t trien cac md hinh nhdm hd tfl quan. Vd Idu ddi, c i n p h a t trien t h a n h eae td hdp tae, HTX v i khuydn khich h i n h t h a n h eac ddanh nghidp san xua't ea phe cd chflng n h d n quy md ldn. Ddng thdi, c i n khuyen khich md h i n h lien ket gifla doanh nghiep vdi cac n h d m hd s a n x u i t , to hdp tac, HTX h i n h t h d n h ndn eae vung c i phe cd chflng n h a n vdi c h a t Ifldng tdt.
Thit ba, d i u tu, ddi mdi cdng nghe va ky t h u a t san xuat. C i n t h a y doi t a p quan canh tac lac hdu va doi mdi cdng nghe, ky thuat san xua't d a m bao cae nguyen tac chflng n h a n . Ddng thdi, tao dieu kidn, hd trd cdng tac nghien eflu va chuydn giao tien bd ky t h u d t vdo san x u i t .
ThU tit, xay dflng chinh sach hdp ly eho p h a t trien ca phe c6 chflng n h a n . Xay dflng mdt he thd'ng cae chinh sach flu tien khuydn khich va hd trd p h a t tridn cac loai hinh ca phe cd chflng n h d n bao gdm eac ehinh sach vd tin dung, vd ho trd d a u tfl td chflc san x u i t theo quy md hdp tac va d i u tU md rdng didn tich ea phd ed chflng n h a n , hd trd ngfldi san x u i t , doanh nghiep ddi phd vdi nhflng thach thflc, r u i ro eua t h i trfldng, ap dung quy c h u a n chat Ifldng TCVN 4193: 2005...
5. K e t l u a n
Vdi nhflng flu viet vd n a n g s u i t , c h i t Ifldng, hidu qua, cung vdi nhflng ldi ich ve xa
5 8 Nghien ciiu Kinh t4s6436 - Thang 9/2014
Plidt trien sin xud't ca ptifi
hdi vd mdi trfldng da ngdy cdng k h i n g dinh san x u a t ca phe ben viJng cd chflng n h d n la dich ta't ye'u trong san x u i t cua nganh ca phe ca nfldc ndi c h u n g va t i n h Dak L a k ndi rieng.
Hien nay, viec san xua't ca phe theo hfldng ben vflng, cd chflng n h a n , xac n h a n da t h u h u t sfl q u a n t a m hfldng flng cua nhidu doanh nghidp va hp ndng d a n s a n x u i t ca phe trong tinh. Mac du ea phe ed chflng n h a n dang phat trien n h a n h nhflng ke't qua dat dfldc cdn k h a t h i p so vdi tiem n a n g va the' m a n h cua Dak Lak. Theo kdt qua nghien eflu, viec san xua't cd phd bdn vflng ed chiing n h d n d Dak Lak phu thudc vdo cac yeu to: kien thflc ndng nghidp cua hp san x u a t qua cac khda dao tao, flng dung khoa hoc ky t h u a t va cdng nghe trong san xuat ea phe, dien tich trdng ca phe cua mdt hp s a n xuat, h i n h thflc to chflc, lien ket san xuat trong san xua't ca phe, ky vpng cua hd san x u i t ve ca phe ben viifng ed chflng nhan, chinh sach hd trd ve san xua't ndng nghiep cua dia phfldng.
Trfldc nhflng cd hdi va thach thflc eua t h i trfldng san x u i t ca phe cd chflng n h a n . Dak Lak can phdt buy nhflng diem m a n h s i n eo va k h i e phuc nhiing tdn tai de p h a t trien. Cu the, c i n day m a n h cdng tac tuyen truyen, ddo tao, t a p h u i n n h i m ndng eao n a n g Iflc, n h a n thflc cua ngudi lao ddng san xuat ca
phd; ddi mdi md hinh q u a n ly vd to chUc san x u i t ca phe; d i u tU ddi mdi cdng nghe, ky t h u d t san xua't va xay dflng chiiih sach hdp ly chd p h a t trien ea phe bdn vflng ed chflng nhdn./.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. 4C Association (2012), Bdo cao thudng niin ndm 2012,Bonn.
•.. Trin Hidu (2013), Thdch thitc cua cd phe Viet Nam trong tien trinh phdt trien, Hdi thao Tim hudng phat trien b^n vflng cho ca phe Viet Nam - Le hdi ca phe Budn Ma Thuet nam 2013, Dak Lak.
3 Nguyen Van Hda (2014), Phdt trien ca phe ben viing tren dia bdn tinh Ddk Ldk, LuSn an tieii sT kinh td, Dai hoc kinh tdHud, Hue.
4. Trinh D6c Minh (2011), "San xuSt ca phe bdn vung CO chiing nhan/ki^m tra". Tap chi Cafe Vtet Nam, c h u y e n d g y , tr. 5-13.
5. Le Ngoc (2013), "Slic hiit cua cac loai hinh san xua't ca phe cd chiing nhan, xac nhan". Tap chi Ndng nghiep, sd thang 4-2013.
6. Sd C6ng thuong Dak Lak (2013), Bdn tin "dn tuang cd phe Ddk Ldk", Dak Lak.
7. Trung tam xiic tidn thucfng mai - dfiu tu - du lich Dak Lak (2013), Cdc loai hinh canh tdc cd phe ben vdng CO chiing nhan. Dak Lak.
8. UTZ Certified (2012), UTZ Certified Annual Report 2012, Amsterdam.
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