TRUCJNG DAI H O C D O N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hgc so 39 (08-2019)
PHU PHIEM TRUYEN VOI MOT VAI VAN DE:
DU HANH, TRAO PHUNG VA BOI CANH
• Nguyen Bao Trang^'^
Tom tat
Phan Viet Id mpt trong nhimg tdc gid Viet Nam tgi My tieu bieu hien nay. Nhu mdt edng ddn todn cdu trong thdt dgi da vdn hda, co dd viit vi nhieu khdng gian khdc nhau, dgc biit la nhirng noi cd con ngudi Viet Nam ciing nhiing mdi quan he cua hp giao luu vdi vdn hda phucmg Tdy. Tap truyen ngdn
"Phu phiem truyen " giup ndng eao tin mdi cua Phan Viit vd tap iruyin trd thdnh doi lupng nghiin eieu eua bdi viet. De tdi du hanh, cdi nhin trdo phung vd nghe thugt xdy drnig bdi ednh giup tdc phdm thu hut hon bdi thdng qua tdc phdm. ngiedi dpc cd nhiiu edm xiic khdc nhau, hon nira d do ngudi dpc ed sudich chuyin vd quan sdt song hanh vdi ngudi ki ehuyen.
Tiekhda: Phan Viet, vdn hpc tre Viet Nam, vdn hpc da vdn hda, vdn hpc di ddn, Phii phiem truyen.
1. Dat van de cua van hgc duong dai, dac biet vdi cac tac gia tre.
Phan Viet bude ra tir cuoc thi viet "Cugc van Du hanh xuat phat tir khat vgng muon di chuyen, ddng sang tac van hgc tuoi 20" vdi giai nhi nam cu the hon la di du lich, xuat ngoai, du hoc cua 2005 bdi t^p truyen n^ganPhuphiim tniyin. Hien
tai, Phan Viet dang song va lam viec tai My va tiep tuc xuat ban saeh tai nude nha. Sau Phit phiem truyen, Phan Viet cho ra mat cac tap saeh sau:
tieu thuyet Tieng ngudi (2008), tap truyen ngan Nude My, Nude My vd nhimg iruyin ngdn mdi (2009), bo saeh Bdt hgnh Id mgt tdi sdn bao gom:
Mot minh d chdu Au (2013), Xuyin My (2014), Venhd{2Q\6)
Bang nhiing cau chuyen chan that, dam phong vi ddi thudng, Phit phiem truyen (2014, Nha xuat ban Tre thanh phd Hd Chi Minh) dem mdt lan gid mdi cho nen van hgc tre Viet Nam va tieu bieu cho phong each cua cac nha van Viet tai My. Phii phiem truyen viet ve ddi sdng ciia nhieu chiing tdc ngudi vdi nhieu Idi sdng khae nhau Nhiirng thdi xau cung ndi co don giiia cudc ddi eua hg cd tinh khai quat cao, viet ve dat My nhung sau trong ban chdt lai tim thay dau an ngudi Viet... Nhan thay gia tri cua tap truyen ngan Phu phiim truyen, bai viet xm di sau vao mot vai van de noi bat: de tai du hanh, cai nhin trao phiing va nghe thuat xay dung boi canh.
2. Ngi dung 2.1. Be (ai du hanh
Du hanh la mgt trong nhixng de tai quen thuoc '*' Hpc vien cao hoc, Tmcmg Dat hpc Khpa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6c gia Thanh ph6 Ho Chi Mmh
ngudi tre. Trong cac chuyen di, ngudi viet phai thuc hien ddng thdi cac hanh ddng: di chuyen, quan sat (thien nhien, van hda, con ngudi, so sanh vdi qudc gia me de) va md rong tir tudng Ngudi Viet (ngudi di) da hinh thanh mot cam quan, mgt y thirc chung cho qua trinh nay rdi giti gam nd vao van chuong d nhirng hinh thirc khae nhau thuoc the loai phi hu cau (non-fiction) nhu: nhat ky, du ky, tu truyen, hdi ky .. va the loai hu cau (fiction) nhu truyen ngan, tieu thuyet, truyen vira... Mdt tac pham cd dau an du hanh thudng md rgng khdng gian den chan trdi mdi cung nhirng van de thude khdng gian do nham gidi thieu cho ban doc tre nhieu dieu mdi me, ddi khi cd kha nang truyen cam hirng cho khat vong "di" ciia dgc gia,
Vdi Phil phiim truyen, Phan Viet da viet de tai du hanh d the lo^i truyen ngan {Chicago, Chet truyin, Khde truyen, Cii diin ihogi, Dgo diec truyen) va truyen ngan cd mau sac tu truyen cao nhuMutw hai cdu chuyen nhd ve Oklahoma C) cac truyen nay, dau an du hanh bieu hien qua nhirng trai nghiem ciia tac gia ve thien nhien va ddi sdng tai cac thanh phd Idn, cac bang khae nhau tai My.
Thdng qua viec quan sat va nhin nhan, Phan Viet da hudng den phat trien kieu tu duy dung hop tir he thdng tu tudng da van hda (muhicultural), giai lanh thd hda (deterritorialization), giai thuoc dia hda (decolonization) trong each mieu ta khong gian do till va ddi sdng con ngudi
TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc so 39 (08-2019) Giai lanh thd hda (deterritorialization) dugc
dinh nghia "Giai lanh tho hda la di ra ngoai mgt hinh thirc quoe gia - lanh thd truyen thong de ddi dien vdi nhirng loai hinh cdng ddng mdi... de tai thiet "lanh thd" d hai chi6u kich. mgt khdng gian djnh che cu thg va nhiing hinh thai tuong trung khae" [7, tr 213], Tanh thd ngoai each hieu la dien tich thvc, dugc chia tach bdi bien gidi quoe gia thi nd cdn la nen van hda, chinh tn, tdn giao, dan cu tren lanh thd do. Giai lanh thd d day la thoat khdi tu tudng trdi buoc con ngudi bdi mdt y thiic he rieng ciia nen van hda ban dia Ngudi cd tu tudng giai lanh thd la nhirng ngudi thich di lai, di chuyen, vuon den nhiing chan trdi mdi. Giai thuoc dia hda (decolonization) chinh la tim lai su binh dang, tinh dan chu hda giiia nhirng qudc gia de qudc va qudc gia thuoc dia d cac chiing tgc da mau nhu chau Phi va chau A. Giai thuoc dia hda la xda bd nhirng tu tudng dan ap cua van hda phuong Tay len eae nude thude dia. Nhiing tac pham van hgc di dan da phan deu xuat hien hai tu tudng nay, Vdi Phan Viet, qua cac van de ve khdng gian va con ngudi, tac gia da ghi chep mdt each khach quan nhiing net neng cua van hda phuong Tay vdi cai nhin binh dang dan tgc.
Trudc tien, tae gia da khae hga sdng dgng, tmh te nhung do thj phat trien dam chat "My" va cd phan mdi me so vdi cudc song trong nude Khdng gian do thi dam bao duoc ca hai yeu to- sinh thai tu nhien (hd Michigan, nhirng con mua bdng may trong "Chicago") va canh quan hien dai (dudng cao tdc, cau bae ngang sdng, he thdng bom xang tu dgng, con dudng nhieu tang trong Mudi hai edu chuyin nhd ve Oklahoma). Ngoai ra, khdng gian tdn giao My ciing dugc nhac den qua canh nha nguyen gan hen vdi cac cau chuyen ve Chiia cua phuong Tay "Dd la mdt nha nguyen kha CO, kien true va tudi tae deu co Nd cd nhirng cua sd cao gan kinh mau theo cac tich trong Kinh Thanh, Chinh giua la tich Giang Smh, rdi tich rao giang Kinh Thanh, roi tich bj dong dinh treo tren thip ac". Khdng gian do thi ciing trd thanh vung dat da van hda, c6 tinh dung hda nhieu sac tgc khae nhau. Day chinh la cai nhin cd dau an ciia tu tudng giai thuoc dia hda, Chinh Phan Viet
cung neu len nhan djnh chung ve van de nay trong Mudi hai edu chuyen nhd ve Oklahoma, de tir do lam rd nhan dinh thdng qua nhiing chi tiet c\i the:
"Nude My ngay nay la su tong hda ciia rat nhieu thir: vira hap thu nhung tinh hoa ciia luc dia cu - tire chau Au - lai vita phat tnen tir trong Idng nd nhiing net tinh hoa rieng ciia mot manh dat tre vdi nhiing con ngudi mdi. Xet theo mgt each nao dd, nude My ldn manh chinh nhd d su hoa trdn cac gia tri ndi tren. su da dang va de dai 6 nude My cho phep hap thu them nhieu ngudi ttr cac nude - rSt nhieu trong sd ho la nhirng nguoi mang san trong minh nhiing diem khae biet va nhirng gia trj pha each, vdn khdng duge chap nhan hoac la rat xuat sac d nude cij Nhirng ngudi nay lai tao ra nhirng su da dang mdi, gidng nhu them gia vi vao ndi siip ga" Phan Viet nhac den Chicago vdi dien mao quy tu nhieu tpc ngudi nhu ngudi da trang tap trung phia Bae, ngudi da den tap trung phia Nam va tdng hda nhieu loai hinh am nhac khae nhau. Dac diem nhieu sac tgc, nhigu van hda, nhieu nen nghe thuat la linh hon cua thanh pho Chicago. Cdn d bang Oklahoma chinh la noi tieu bieu cho viec bao ve van hda da do va chong lai quan diem doc tdn van hda va lay da trang lam trung tam. Phan Viet cd nhac den quyen bau eir cua ngudi da do va su phat trien cua cac sdng bae nhu mgt mo hinh dem den loi nhuan kinh te tu cung, tu cap cho cac khu tu tii
Rieng ve con ngudi, ho cd ban chat da van hda trong dong mau va trong tu tudng. Nhan vat tuy khae nhau ve chung tdc nhung hg deu co y
""hix cpng ddng va cung hda hop trong mdt mdi t.udng sdng. Ho ed the la con lai, la nhirng ngudi tir nhung ehiing tgc thude the gidi thir ba nhung ho van cd quyen dung hda ca van hda me de, van hda thieu sd va van hda d khdng gian dang sdng, hay ndi each khae la hg khdng bi "vong ban", Co Jennifer va con trai David Myiasaki trong Mudi hai cdu chuyen nhd vi Oklahoma la ket qua cua hdn nhan da van hda (My - Nhat, ngudi da dd - da tring - da vang) Chinh hg da dung hda nhiing can tinh khae nhau cua mdi ddng mau vao mgt ban the nhu cd Jennifer ludn cd thdi quen ve nha dii dang sdng tren dat My eua nhung ngudi cd thdi quen
56
TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chl Khoa hgc sd 39 (08-2019) di chuyen cao. Nhan vat Ayja trong "Chicago" la
ngudi My goc An lai dugc nhan manh ddn Idi thdi trang cua ngudi gdc An trong each mieu ta ngoai hinh "Nhiing ao quan truyen thdng An Dd trang trong cua Ayja tuong phan mgt each la liing vdi bia ruou, gdi thude la, quan jean, ao phong, tham chi nhirng tam lung tran trSng hdu d dudi san".
Vdi nhan vat nghien ciru sinh, rao can qude gia, ngdn ngu khdng the ngan can ho hda hop nhau nhu nhiing cudc chia se ciia Nam va Aika qua dien thoai trong truyen Cii dien thogi, hay su cham sde cua Hoa cho me con ngudi da den Vanessa Park khdi canh nghien trong Chicago.
Nhin ehung, con ngudi trong van chuong Phan Viet mang ban chat cong dan toan cau, hg khong mudn chi thu minh vao mgt he tu tudng, mdt khdng gian nhat dinh, Khdng gian song khdng hi bd hep vao khdng gian don van hda, do mgt the gidi da lanh thd, da tu tudng, da chiing tgc
2.2. Cai nhin trao phiing
Trao phiing trong van chuong chinh la phong each viet dam chat hien thuc, chu yeu de phan anh va da kich mdt thue trang nao dd ma tac gia mudn hudng den Trao phiing cd the diing nhiing tieng cudi eham biem, thu phap cudng dieu, nghich di de phan anh cai xau, cai ac. Cung nhu cac tac gia duong dai, nghe thuat trao phung dugc Phan Viet sii dung de phan anh hien thuc xa hdi d cac truyen ngan "Phii phiem truyen", "Chet truyen", "Khdc truyen", "Dao dire truyen" Khdng sir dung yeu td ky ao, cudng dieu, trao phung toat ra tir nhung eau ehuyen thudng nhat ciing nhiing con ngudi binh thudng, Dieu nay lam truyen cua Phan Viet gan gui hon vdi ban dgc trong nude dii dien ra d khdng gian phuong Tay Hoan canh trao phung trong truyen cd tinh cham biem cao nhu mgt thdi gian nhan rdi (Phii phiem truyen), moi trudng lam viec hi gd ep (Chet truyen), dam tang {Khdc truyen) Dat vao trong hoan canh do, con ngudi xuat hien vdi each dat ten, gigng dieu, hanh ddng, tam ly dac biet, cd phan khae thudng de trd thanh hinh tugng trao phiing tieu bieu
Thu nhdt, trong Chet truyen, nhan vat Thien Tai VOI each lua chon cai ten gan lien vdi ban chat
cho bi kich ciia ngudi tai trong xa hpi Bien cd ciia nhan vat sap xep theo mirc dp tang dan va don dap dien ta hai cai chet trong ciing mot ca the va Cling mgt khoang thdi gian. cai chet ve tmh than va chet ve sinh hoc. Bi kich md dau la bi bae bd de an nghien ciru, tiep theo la an cap ban quyen, ke an cap khoe khoang trudc mat anh cho den cudi cung la gap cudp mat het tien va bi ban chet. Viec sap dat bien cd theo cudng do tang dan bieu thi loi sdng gia tao cua con ngudi, vi lgi ich ca nhan ma hp khong tiec lam tdn hai ngudi khae. Ngoai Chet truyen thi Chicago va Cii dien thogi ciing diing motif ve cai chet de phan anh hien thue khae nghiet Nhiing nhan vat nhu Vanesssa Park, Aika deu ket thuc bang mdt cai chet bat ngd. Vanesssa Park trong Chicago bi tudc di quyen hdi sinh vi cai chet do tai n^n xe ngay khi mdi bude ra tir trai cai nghien. Aika trong Cu dien thogi lua chgn each chet rach bung tu tir theo kieu vo sT dao de tranh ap luc hgc hanh. 0 day, tac gia khdng hudng den tieng cudi trao phiing ma tao ra mdt cam giac nudi tiec, CO phan hoang mang de phan anh thuc trang trong ddi sdng xa hgi, giao due.
Thie hai, each mieu ta khong gian dam tang trang trong thanh khdng gian trao phiing trong Khdc truyin tao nen tieng cudi chua xdt, cd gia tri phan anh cao Dam tang dien ra lan lugt tir cudc ndi chuyen ciia Adams, Jennifer, Tim den eae Idi phat bieu, khdc loc, gia tao cua Virgie - ban gai Frank, Colleen, giao su Andy va Chau Ho bien dam tang la noi de ndi chuyen phiem va lay su thuong tiec gia tao de nang eao ban than vdi nhirng hanh dong gia tao Liic buoi le bat dau, Chau da nghe tieng sut siii trong nha nguyen nhung khi Chau phat bieu thi
"Tat ca mgi ngudi deu pha ra cudi mpt each thoai mai Ngay va Virgie cung cudi" Va ho cdn xem nhiing Idi Chau nhac ve Frank trudc khi chet nhu Idi ndi doi "Diing la Frank Cau ta ludn tu gieu cgt minh, di eau be dang thuong". Chi tiet cuoi ten cua Frank dat ten eho phdng hoc la chi tiet dat cua truyen vi nd phan anh mdt hien thuc: ngudi ta khdng ngan ngai dimg ngudi qua cd de mua danh va mua Idng thuong cam cua ngudi khae. Ngoai ra, gipng dieu ke ehuyen ciing nham bat len tidng CUOI tiao phiing, Cd the thay, Khdc tiiiyin dan xen
TRUCiNG DAI HOC DONG TRAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 39 (08-2019) nhieu gigng khae nhau gdm cd gipng dirng dung
cua ngudi ke "Chau bit diu cam thay mdt ndi chan nan va khinh bi dang len lom ca giong", gigng cau khan, tha thiet cua Frank trudc khi chet "Anh phai giup tdi, Tdi khdng cdn tin ai duoc nua", gigng l ^ h liing, hai hude, xen y da kich cua Chau khi phat bieu trude dam tang "Lan cudi ciing tdi gap Frank.. la hdm thii hai tuan trudc, Cau ta bao tdi rang cau ta la mpt thang bom". Nhiing giong dieu nay tao nen mpt the gidi phi ly, gia tao, ddi song vo cam, lanh liing cua ddi song hien dai.
2.3. Nghe thuat xay dung hoi canh De xet bdi canh cua mgt tac pham van chuong can phai dya tren nhieu yeu td ndi tai thude ve cau triic van ban va ngoai vi nhu ngudn gdc ra ddi, tac gia. Theo X J. Kennedy & Dana Gioia (2010) [6], tac gia de cap den bdn yeu td khi nhac den boi canh: dm diem (place), thdi gian (time), thdi tiet (weather) va khdng khi (atmosphere) Cdn vdi Alison Booth, J Paul Hunter & Kelly J. Mays (2006) [2] chi gidi han trong dia diem va thdi gian.
Cd the thay, yeu td thdi tiet va khdng khi deu thuoc ve yeu td dia diem va thdi gian nen ngudi viet xin khao sat boi eanh vdi hai yeu td quan trpng: dia diem (khdng gian) va thdi gian.
Bdi canh cd rat nhieu loai khi xet theo nhung khia canh khae nhau nhu: dac diem khdng gian (bdi canh thuc, bdi canh ao), dac diem thdi gian (bdi canh qua khir, bdi canh hien tai), anh hudng dien anh (bdi canh can canh, bdi canh viln canh).
0 day, bai viet xin khao sat d mgt kieu cu the la bdi canh can canh d dae trung va tac ddng eua nd vdi bdi canh toan canh
Boi canh can canh dugc quan sat d cu ly gan va SOI ro canh vat den tirng chi tiet Nd ehii tam den khoang each tieu diem tir ngudi nhin den ddi tugng duoc nhin Khong gian co dgng lai thanh mpt khoang hep, thdi gian eiing co dong lai, ddi khi tao cam giac thdi gian dang ngung dgng, tua cham lai Ddi lap vdi bdi eanh can eanh la boi canh vien canh dugc quan sat tir xa, canh vat chi dugc nhin ludt qua Bdi canh can la mpt phan ciia toan canh, cd khi tam ngam ed the di chuyen tir gan den xa nen trong ciing mgt tac pham, ngudi ke cd quyen chgn bat cii diem nao can khai thae
ro de nhin can canh. Vi nhin qua gan nen doi khi SU vat, hay con ngudi nam trong khudn vien nhin se bi bien dang, hdp meo de phan anh van de can phan anh,
Bdi canh can canh cd khi tap tnmg thanh mpt tac pham nhu Diedng nhd, cd khi la mot phin rieng biet ciia truyen chia thanh nhieu phan nhd nhu phan Bdo thdo nguyen ixongMudi hai cdu chuyen nhd vi Oklahoma. Ca hai deu diing kieu thdi gian cd dpng trong mpt con bao, mpt budi sang sdm tir khi ngudi me di chg den khi ve nha Ca hai deu tir cua sd nhin ra mgi canh vat "Cai cua sd toi dang dirng nhin ra ngoai bat dau md md hoi nude" hay nhan vat day sdm leo len b^u eira so, Vdi Bdo thdo nguyin, qua trinh bao hoanh hanh dugc tai hien cu the, ro rang , bdng dang con ngudi khdng xuat hien trong khung canh ma chi cd tieng gio, tieng nude, tieng set, canh nhirng con huou, con sde trdn mua, canh cay coi toi ta "Nhimg con soc vdi va di trdn tir liic bat dau cd gid. NhQng con huou diing bon chdn dudi tan cay tni mua... Cay coi toi ta, canh khd gay rang rac, nhiing tang cay CO thu nang nude ciing nga guc". Mgi thii duoc mieu ta ky den tirng chi tiet "Nude chay xoi xa tren dudng, tu ndc nha, tir tren ddi cao, tir trong cac Idng muong kho ban, tir cac con sdng xa - song Ankansas, song Missouri, song Dream City, hay tir bien ldn do ve" Dudng nhd thi chu y den con ngudi, each hanh xii eua moi ngudi vdi cai viing nude nhd, thang be ban banh mi chay xe qua ha he, ngudi ban bao vi xe qua nang nen lam roi bao xi mang xuong viing nude, ddi vg chdng thi dat vien gach vao, cac be hgc sinh nhay len bao xi mang, ngudi thg xay thi diing bao xi mang tram lai viing nude. Nhiing chi tiet nay t^o nen mdt khdng gian dam chat Viet Nam, ndi sau hon nhu viec thi vj hda bai khao sat hanh vi tren eung mot khong gian.
Mgt so canh quan can canh ma tac gia lua chon cd dau an dia phuong cao nhu canh pho xa (Dudng nhd, Bi qua thdi gian), canh ho Michigan (Dgo diec truyen), canh thao nguyen (Mudi hai cdu chuyen nhd ve Oklahoma), canh trudng dai hgc (Dgo diec truyin), eanh nha thd (Khde truyen). Cd thg thay, nhirng chat lieu ma tac gia su dung dk xay dung canh quan kha quen 58
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P Tap chi Khoa hocso 39 (08-2019) thuoc vdi ngudi dan ban dia, do la nhu:ng hien
tugng, sinh vat tu nhien, hay chinh ban than eon ngudi, Vdi khung canh dai hpc Sigma trong Dgo diee tniyin dugc mieu ta nhu mgt giao hgi thdi trung co quen thude vdi tin ngudng phuong Tay
"cdng chinh ciia trudng dai hpc Sigma, noi c6 nhirng hinh dap ndi nhiing thu, nhiing mat ngudi va nhiing dong chii Latin". Vdi Di qua thdi gian, khung canh can canh ket xe tai cac do thi Viet Nam duoc tai hien chan thuc "5 gid rudi chieu Dudng phd ddng diic va bui. Lai tac dudng...
Tren via he, nhirng em hoc smh nhd di hgc ve cudi diia riu rit. Mdt vai nha hang va cua hieu da bat dau thap den"
Bdi canh can canh khong ehi cd kha nang phdng to khdng gian ma cdn di sau vao tam ly con ngudi thdng qua van dung thdi gian keo dai, trong dien anh kha giong vdi thu phap "slow motion".
"Di qua thdi gian" dimg thdi gian theo tirng gid nhu thdi gian bieu mdt ngay de xay dung khdng gian ngoai canh xung quanh cd gai va nhan manh rd tam trang cua cd sau khi chia tay ngudi yeu. Phii phiim truyen diing tirng mdc cu the trong budi toi thir bay tir khi K ra khdi nha den het dem Trong khoang thdi gian dd, nhung diem lien tudng "lien van ban" bao gdm quan niem khoa hpc, dan sd, ddi sdng hen tiep xuat hien. Nhung dieu nay cd tinh chat "phii phiem" khdng di sau vao npi tam nhan vat nhu dung ten gpi ciia nd. Cach ke hanh dpng ciia nhan vat theo tirng phiit, tirng gid la mpt thii phap dac biet trong viec sit dung yeu to thdi
gian cua tac gia Thdi gian cang trdi eham, duoc ddm tirng phiit cang nhin m ^ nhung gdc khuat cua con ngudi
Mdi canh can nhu mdi manh ghep ciia biic tranh chung ve ddi song tinh cam cua ngudi tre, canh vat thien nhien trong cac chuyen di va mpt gdc nhd cua ddi song Viet Nam Dd la cac gdc nhin quan trong tir con mat tran thuat cua ngudi di dan nhu Phan Viet Bdi canh can canh dua tac pham van hgc gan hon vdi nghe thuat dien anh.
Cd the nhan thay, "Dudng nhd" va ""Bdo thdo nguyin" nhu mot doan phim ngoai eanh tir diem nhin ciia nhan vat,
3. Ket lusin
Tap truyen ngan Phii phiem truyen la mpt tac pham tieu bieu cho the he tac gia di dan ngudi Viet tai My. Khdng gian My va khdng gian Viet cung nhiing van de van hda cua ca hai qudc gia hda quyen vao mdt tac pham. Phan Viet vira viet ve nhirng cai hay ciia cac nen van hda nhung ciing khdng ngai phe phan loi sdng gia tao, phii phiem ciia con ngudi hien dai Tac gia da gui gam nhirng kinh nghiem tren xii ngudi cd phan mdi la qua loi viet hien dai d nhieu phuong dien:
cot truyen, nhan vat, giong dieu, boi canh . Tac pham khdng nhirng ket hgp dupe nhieu the loai khae nhau truyen ngan, du ki, tu truyen ma cdn tim thay nhiing net chung ciia ddi sdng hai nen van hda me de va van hda sd tai eiing nhirng eon ngudi dien hinh - san pham cua cac hai nen van hda Dong Tay/.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1], Le Tu Anh (2015), "De tai tha huong trong van xuoi Viet Nam dau the ky XXI tir gdc nhin toan cau hda", Ky yeu hdi thao qudc te Vietnamese and Japanese literature m the globalization context (Van hpc Viet Nam vd Nhdt Bdn trong bdi ednh todn cdu hda), NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, tr 384-397.
[2] Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter & Kelly J Mays (2006), The Norton Introduction to Literature, W W. Norton & Company, I n c
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PHU PHIEM TRUYEN AND SOME ISSUES:
TRAVEL, SATIRE AND SETTING Summary
Phan Viet is one of many typical young Vietnamese authors in USA nowadays. As a global citizen in the multicultural epoch, she has written about many different spaces, especially wherein Vietnamese people and their relationships interact with Western culture The collection of short stories 'Phu phiem truyen' has helped her become recognized and motivated this research paper The themes of tiavel, satirical view and setting art make the works more attractive because readers are likely to experience various feelings plus oscillating and observating with the narrator through her work.
Keywords Phan Viet, young Vietnamese Literature, multicultural literature, emigrant literature, Phu Phiem Truyen
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 24^4^2019; Ngdy nhgn lai: 03/6/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 20/6/2019.
