THANH Tim VA MOT SO VAN DE DAT RA
NEIlrtNQUliciOiir Tom tat : Quan he an ninh My - Nhdt la mot trong nhiing mdi quan he trong yiu nhdt hien nay tren thi gidi, duac xdy dung vd phdt trieti qua nhieu thap nien, dan cd stf thay dSi vi ehdt vd cd stf tdc ddng to lan den tinh hinh thi gidi. Sau khi Chiin tranh Lanh kit thiic, ben cgnh stf hap tdc chat che ciing dd ndy sinh nhung bdt ddng giua hai nudc. Bdi viit diim lai ddi net vi hoat ddng hap tdc tinh bdo mot bdphdn hap thdnh hihi co trong quan hf qudn su song phuong giiia hai nuac trong thai gian qua. Qua do dua ra mot sd nhgn dinh vi vin di ndy trong tuang lai.
Til khda.- Nhat Ban, My, Tmh bao quan sy I. Nhung CO sd cho hoat ddng hop tac tinh bao hai nirdc
Nhat Ban va My da thilt lap mdi quan he ddng minh tft nam 1951 thdng qua Hiep udc an ninh My - Nhdt. Trong sudt thdi gian dai, nhilu llnh vyc hop tac an ninh da dupe duy tti va phat tiiln mdt each ed he thdng, ddng gdp to Idn vao viec phyc vy nhflng myc tieu chiln lupc cho ca hai nudc. Vdn cd kha nang boat ddng rat hieu qua trudc Chien ttanh The gidi thu hai, sau nam 1945, nganh tinh bao qude phdng Nhat Ban vdi sy trp giiip cua My, da nhanh chdng hdi sinh, dudi danh nghTa Cue phdng ve tryc thupc Chanh van phdng ndi cac (1954). Ba quan chung luc quan, hai quan va khdng quan - cd trayin thdng va co sd cdng nghiep qudc phdng tien tien tu tiirdc - da nhanh chdng phat ttiln.
Tinh bao eua timg quan chung tuy dupe chii trpng nhung phat triln ddc lap va cdn phu
Nghien cim sinh, Truimg PHPT ChuySn Hoang Le Kha, Tay Ninh
thuOe chat che vao My. Den ngay 20/5/1996, (Jude hOi Nhat Ban da thdng qua de nghi ciia Thd tudng, cho phep thanh Ijp co quan tinii bao quan sy vdi ten gpi "Trung tdm tinh bdo qudc phdng" theo md hinh nhidm vy va tl ehfte eua Co quan Tinh bao Qude phdng Mf (DIA). Sau thdi gian cMu sy chi dao ciia Hoi ddng tham muu lien quan, din thing 12/2004, tirung tam nay da chuyin sang tnrc thuOc Cyc phdng ve, tao dieu kifn thuan l^i va CO sd phap ly cho boat dOng hpp tac tinh bao gitta Nhat Ban vdi My.
Sau Chiln ttanh Lanh va dae biet la sau sy kien 11/9, hoat ddng hpp tac tinh bao My - Nhat da dupe thue diy manh me do nhOng biln chuyin cda tinh hinh an ninh khu vvc va thi gidi. Trdn co sd dd, ttt tiiang 5/2006, hai nudc da dat dupe nhflng thda thu|n chung ttong vide dl ra "kl hoach tac chien chung", "cimg stt dyng tuih bao tac chien",
"md rdng huin luyen chung" va "cimg su dyng can cd quan sy". Ngay 22/12/2006, Washington va Tokyo da ky kit "Van ti|«
22
NGHIEN ciira OONG B^C A S6 '•(in) M O »Nghien citu khoa hoc
hap tdc tinh bdo dia ly - khong gian", dat dupe sy nhit hi chia se tm t i c tmh bao quan sy.
Cd the nhan thay, vide hai nudc tang cudng hpp tac tmh bao quan sy la kit qua hiep thuong quan ttpng ttong "Phuang chdm chi dtfo hap tdc phdng ve My - Nhdt"
duac cdng bd ngay 24/9/1997 nhim ehu ttpng hon ddi vdi su hpp tac va dam bao tmh bao cua Nhat Ban ddi vdi quSn dpi My khi cd nhitag bidn dOng d vimg "xung quanh Nhat Ban". Qua dd, ndi dung nay khdng chi ttd thanh mdt bO ph$n ttong van kien mang tinh cuong linh cda quan he hai nude, ma tten nen tang dd, hai ben cdn ed sy hpp tac tiieo chuyen muc rieng. Day la mOt bien phap quan ttpng de nang cip eo sd hpp tac, danh diu sy cdng khai hda va che dp hda boat ddng gifta hai nude.
Hien nay, d Nhat Ban da cd mOt he thdng cac td chuc lam cdng tac tinh bao va phan gian, bao dam cung cap thdng tm ve cac mdi de dpa bdn ttong va ben ngoai lanh thd, ciing nhu tiln hanh cac boat ddng khac ttong ITnh vyc an ninh qudc gia bao gdm: Cue Nghien cuu thdng tin tryc thudc ndi cae; Cae eo quan tinh bao va phan gian quan su; Cue Thdng tin va nghien ciiu thupc Bp Ngoai giao; Tdng nha Canh sat; Cyc Dieu tta an ninh cdng eOng tryc thudc BO Tu phap; Cue Di tiix; Cye An ninh tten biln. Cae uu tien cua ca quan tinh bao dOi ngoai Nhat Ban se la CHDCND Trilu Tien va Trung Qude.
Nhung r5 rang la Nhat Ban cung khdng bd qudn nude Nga va hudng Bac van la mOt muc tieu chiln lupc ddi vdi Tokyo. Chinh vi vay, thang 2/2007, tai cuOc gap gd quan sy cip bd trudng, Nhat Ban da chu dpng de
xuit cimg My ky kdt hiep udc bao mat va tang cudng quan ly tin tuc tinh bao lien quan den qude phdng va quan sy bai nudc'. Dilu nay cho thiy tuy ttong hpp tac tinh bao bai bdn cdn tdn tai nhieu chia re va mau thuan, nhung tinh chat chung cua nhitag Ipi ieh chu ylu da kMen bai ben deu cd tbi gat bd bdt di nhimg bit ddng dang tdn tai.
Ben canh dd, Nhat Ban cung chu ttpng bao ve nhitag "bi mat dac bidt" ddi vdi nhung thdng tin an mnh dupe coi la cyc ki nhay cam. Ngay 10/12/2014, Luat bdo ve bi mat qudc gia cua Nhat Ban cd hieu luc sau khi da dupe phe chuan tai ludng vien trade dd nhim myc dich trimg phat nghiem khac cae hanh vi tidt Id bi mat qudc gia. Hanh dpng nay duac cho la bilu hien cua viec Tokyo dang tang cudng hon ntta boat ddng hpp tac tinh bao vdi cac ddng minh, ttong dd cd Washington. Trong khi dd, ddi vdi My, boat dOng tinh bao cd tim quan ttpng dac biet bdi le "sy an toan va thinh vupng eua nudc ta (My) phy thupc vao chat lupng tin tdc tinh bao ma chung ta thu thap duac va nhttng phan tich chung ta dua ra, vao kha nang cua chiing ta chdng lai nhiing mdi de dpa vl tinh bao... Chung ta dang tang cudng quan he ddi tac vdi cae eo quan tinh bao nude ngoai va duy tti cac mdi quan be bin vilng vdi cac ddng minh than c?n"^.
Ngay 8/10/2014, Nhat Ban va My da cdng bd Bdo cdo sa bd ve hudng ddn hap tdc qudc phdng song phuang sica ddi sau gan 20 nam, nham myc dich ciing cd quan he ddng minh, nang eao nang lye ran de va eho phep
' BSn canh do, nham day manh viec thu thf p thSng tin tuili bao or nudc ngoai, thang 11/2013, Nhat Ban da thanh lap Hpi dQng an ninh quoc gia theo mo huih cua My.
^ The White House (2010), The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Washington, D.C.
NGHIEN Cda DdNG B^C fl, s6 4(182) ^2016
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Tokyo thyc thi quyIn phdng ve tap the, ddng thdi dl la cac bidn phap hpp tie nham bao dam hda binh va an ninh ttong mpi tinh hudng. cac bif n phap va nOi dung hpp tac s6 diln ra ttong nhilu ITnh vyc, ttong dd hpp tac tinh bao la mot llnh vyc dupe dac biet chu ttpng.
Tilp dd, ngay 29/12/2014, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc va My da ky mOt Ban gM nhd (MOU) vl chia se va bap ve thdng tin tinh bao lien quan tdi qudc phdng djc Met la cae ehuong ttinh hat nhan - ten Ida Trilu Tien. Ban MOU ndi tten du khdng mang tinh rang bupc ve phap ly hay cae ngMa vy nhung giiip tang cudng quan hd hpp tac 3 ben vd ddi phd vdi cac mdi de dpa tft Binh Nbudng.
Tokyo coi van kien ttSn la mdt eo sd thuan Ipi dl ed thi trao ddi thdng tm mOt each nhanh chdng trong nhitag tinh hudng khin cip. Nhjt Ban va Han Qude mdi bdn cung timg ky vdi My mdt thda thuan song phuang ve an ninh chung tten ITnh vyc nay nham tao dieu kien eho boat ddng chia se thdng tin nhay cam lidn quan tdi cae van de quan sy va dl ngan ngua chiing rai vao tay nudc thd ba.
Nhu vjy, vdi nhitag ddng thai tten, cd thi thiy rO rang sy hpp tac tten ITnh vyc tinh bap quan sy gitta Nhat Ban va My da dupe dam bao bing van ban phap luat, binh thtte hpp tac d tim cao va dupe eo che hda ro rang.
2. Mot so npi dung hoat ddng hgp tdc tinh bao quan sy trong quan h$ an ninh My - Nhat Ban
Trong chiln ttanh till he mdi, boat ddng tinh bao chilm mpt vai trd dac Met quan trpng, bao gdm tat ca cac khdng gian: vu try, ttdn khdng, tren bp va tten biln. Nd cdn tham nhap vao cac be thdng phin mIm may tinh va mang may tinh, mang cac hd thdng
tong dai vO tuyin vidn thOng, cac hS thing chi huy quan dOi va dieu khiln vii khi, mang didn, nang lupng, mang ludi van tai, cic phuang tien trayin thdng dai chdng, cac kdnh boat dOng tai chinh... Dl tiln hanh ho^t dOng tmh bao, nguoi ta sd sd dung rpng rai cae lye lupng vi phucmg tien bd tii tten vu try, tten khdng, tten biln va tten bp, do dd, se phai tien hanh quan sdt lien tuc va chi tilt mpi vi tri ttdn hanh tinh, quan sat khoang khdng gian vu try cua ttai dat, quan sat hiSn trjng eua cae lye lupng tin cdng va phdng thd chiln lupc ciia eac nudc, quan sat mpi di chuyin cua cac lye lupng quan sy va ranh gidi cac chien tradng.
Xac nhan tin tire tinh bao quan sy thudng cd 2 con dudng: mOt la dua vao sd li$u do tham bing cdng nghd; hai la tap hpp va phSn tich tin tire tinh bao tft nhilu kdnh dl xdc nhan. Thyc t l la cho du quan dpi My c6 ^ thuat, cdng nghe tinh bao vupt ttdi nhung trong phan Idn tinh Mnh cilng chu yeu dua vao con dudng thu hai dl xac iMn tin tire tinh bao quan sy cdt IBi. Chinh vi v|y, Nhat Ban la mdt mpt ddi tac bita ieh cd the ddng gdp quan ttpng ddi vdi ho^t dOng tinh bao cua My. Cd thi nhto thiy, ho^it ddng hpp tic tinh bao My - Nh|t chu ylu duac tiSn hinh dudi 3 Mnh thue sau day:
TTiiJ nhdt, ttao ddi tm ttte tinh bao true tiep, ve mat nay vi dy diln Mnh nhit la "Van kien hap tdc tinh bdo dia ly - khdng gian"
ma hai ben dS ki? kit vdn bao gdm cac noi dung sau: Cung cip cho nhau nhitag tu lieu chi tilt v l dia hinh, dia danh, tuydn dudng biln, tuyin dudng khdng, dp sau muc nudc biln, quan ttic dia mdi nhit eua cac nuiic tten thi gidi, dac biet la v l khu vyc Bien Hoa Ddng; cung cip nhttng bttc anh vS tinh ehup CO sd hsit nhan, can ctt ten Itta, thdng
24
NGHIEN Cdru O A N G B ^ C d, s d 4(182) M 0 I 6Nghien citu khoa hoc
tin thu qua he thdng vd tuyin v l tinh huib diSu dOng cda lye lupng ten Ida Trilu Tien, tin tuc ve tinh hhih boat dOng eua eac tau chiln Trung Qudc boat ddng d Thai Binh Duong... Bat dau ttt ngay van kien cd hidu lye, phia My chu ylu cung cip cho Nhat Ban nhfing bttc anh vd tinh do tham chyp dupe.
Cdn Nhat Ban chu ylu cung cip tin tuc tinh bao qua vd tuyin dien do lye lupng phdng ve Men thu dupe.
Tha hai, chuyin nhuong ky thuat tinh bao. Tren thyc te, do tinh hieu qua va sy kin dao ndn phuang thue hpp tac nay da dupe eac nudc chip nhan rOng rai. Hpp tac My - Nhat tten mat nay cung tiln triln rit manh me, dac bidt la ttdn ITnh vyc hpp tac xay dyng he thdng phdng thu ten Ida cua hai nudc.
Thit ba, giao luu nhan vien tinh bao cip cao. Day cung la npi dung quan ttpng, cQng la cai mdc danh diu muc dO hpp tac va cd dupe CO sd thuan Ipi de thyc thi bdi Nhat Ban rit coi ttpng cdng tac tinh bap con ngudi. Ttt nam 2007, Tokyo da thanh lap lye lupng tinh bao nudc ngoai, bien ehl khoang 600 ngudi dl triln khai cdng tac tinh bao con ngudi d hai ngoai. Ben canh dd, Nhat Ban cung dupe xem la can cii giam sat tinh bao Idn nhit cua My d nudc ngoai vdi hai ttam d tinh Aomori va Okinawa dupe kit ndi true tidp vdi Ca quan an ninh qudc gia My (NSA) vdn cd tten 38.000 nhan vien va 14() ttam giam sat tinh bao phan bd khip the gidi.
Nhat Ban bit diu triln khai chuang trinh V? tinh do tham sau khi CHDCND Trilu Tien phdng thtt ngbidm ten lua tim xa ed khi nang vuon tdi Nhat Ban hdi nam 1998.
Cac quan cbtte Nhjit Ban cho biet ten lua HII-A do nude nay san xuit da dupe phdng thanh cdng, mang theo vd tinh quang hoc (de thir nghidm cac cdng nghd khdng gian mdi)
va ve tmh radar (giup thu thap cac tin tuc tmh bao ttt cac dilm ndng tten thi gidi) vao quy dao ttt ngay 27/1/2013. Bit diu tft nam 2015, Bo Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe eua Nhat Ban da de xuit khoan ngan sach 5,1 ty yen nhim phat ttiln mOt loai ve tmh quang hoc tien tiln cd dO chinh xac dupe eai tiii|n rit nMlu dl ed the nhan bilt dupe vat the tten biln hoac tten dit liln vdi dO phan giai len tdi Im, dupe su dung chii ylu dl giam sat tau thuyen nudc ngoai xam nhap ttai phep vao vung lanh hai eua Nhat Ban.
Chinh phu Nhat Ban ciing cd ke hoach ttong nhflng nam tdi se phdng tilp 6 ve tmh do tham de ed the tien hanh theo ddi va ehup anh mdt ngay 2 lin ddi vdi bit eft noi nao tten the gidi va thyc thi su hd ttp quan dOi My ttong ITnh vue nhan biet ttang thai vu try. Ben canh dd, ngoai may bay chdng tau ngim P-3C nOi tilng, diu nam 2015, Nhat Ban da chpn mua loai may bay Global Hawk, may bay do tham cd Idn dau tien cua nudc nay ddng thdi dat mua 4 chiec may bay canh bao sdm E-2D cung do My che tao vi he thdng radar cua may bay E-2D ed the tien hanh theo ddi tten mdt pham vi rOng ban so vdi loai may bay canh bao sdm Men dang dupe stt dung. Them nua, ttt nam 2013, BO Qudc phdng Nhat Ban da cd kl hoach tien hanh thiet ke co ban may bay khdng ngudi lai thu ngMem, tien tdi ttang bi va dua vao sft dyng tft nam 2020. Can thay rang Nhat Ban cimg vdi eae nude lang gieng nhu Trung Qudc va Han Qudc dlu cd ttanh chdp tten Men, do do neu sd hftu dupe loai trang bi tinh bao chidn lupc cd Idn cd thd bay d dp cao hon 10.000 m nay, se ed the tiln hanh theo ddi, giam sat thyc tten pham vi rdng va ttong thdi gian dai.
My cho rang Nhat Ban nim d mOt trong nhitag vi tri trpng ylu ciia mang ludi c ^
NGHIEN Cdra OdNG B^C fl, S6 4(182) 4-2016
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quang chau A - Thai Bmh Duong va la didm kit ndi gitta cae khu vyc. Hon ntta, eac tuyen cap quang qudc te cua Trung Qude eung di qua lanh thd Nhat Ban. Do dd, da cd nhftng thdng tm eho ring NSA tung dd ngM Nhat Ban lip djt eac ttang tiiilt bi nghe ttOm ttdn tuyin cap quang di qua nudc nay, ttt dd thu th$p eae thdng tin ca nhan bao gdm eae dtt lieu ttt nhitag tim kilm tten mang intemet cung nhu nhat ky dien thoai. Tuy nhidn, Nhat Ban da ttt chdi vdi ly do ban che ve mat phap ly cung nhu thilu ngudn nhan lye.
Ddi vdi host dpng dy bap, phat hidn va danh chan eac cude cude tan cdng bang ten Itta, ca hai nudc deu cd nhttng dOng thai thyc tbi hpp tac mOt each tich cyc. Theo dd, ngay 22/6/2006, Ngoai ttitdng Nhat Taro Aso va Dai stt My Thomas Schieffer dai didn cho hai nudc da k^ Hi^p udc md rdng hap tdc ve he thong Id chdn phdng thu ten lira dgn dao, cam ket ddng hpp tac san xuit ten Itta danh chan ten lua ttt bdn ngoai. Trade mat din cudi thang 10 cung nam, My se hoan thanh viec tiiln khai mOt tiiu doan ten Itta phdng khdng t?i can cu khdng quan Kaden tten dao Okinawa ciia Nhat Ban, ddng thdi thilt l|p he tildng radar X-band kit ndi vdi He thdng chien diu Aegis, mang ludi thdng tin radar va he thing chi buy qudc phdng ciia Nhat Ban tai can ctt Shariki d ftanh phd Tsugara, cyc bac dao Idn Honshu tiiude tinh Aomori d midn Bic Nhat Ban nham giup eac tau Aegis ciia hai quan My boat dOng gin Nhat Ban phat hien ten Itta mdt each nhanh chdng.
Tilp dd, ngay 17/9/2012, BO tiirdng Qudc phdng My Leon Panetta va ngudi ddng cip Nhat Ban Satoshi Morimoto thdng bao hai ben da nhat tii ttiln khai them mOt he tiidng radar X-band tten lanh thd cua Nhat Ban nham ddi phd vdi cai gpi la mdi de dpa ten
Ida dan dao tft BSc Trieu Tien^. Cd thi tbSy day la hoat dOng ma My chd ttpng djc bi6t bdi theo Washmgton, "viOc cae dong minh va ddi tac sd hftu nhftng kha nang phdng thi ten Ifta dan d?o cd thd phOi hop bojt ddng va tham gia cae cau trdc ran de va phdng thu khu vyc eflng sd chdng I p cac gia tti ep bugc va tac chien cua cac he thdng ten lua dan djo eiia ddi thu"''. Nhu vay, hd thdng radar X- band mdi dupe dy dinh lip dat d PMlippuies sd hpp eung bai la chin ten Itta khac d Nhat Ban t^o thanh mdt vdng eung giiip My cimg cae ddng minh khu vyc dd tim, phat Men vk danh chan tdn Ifta bin di tft CHDCND Trilu Tien hoac Trang Qudc mdt each dl dang va chinh xac ban, ddng thdi k^ thoa thuan triln khai cac may bay do tham khdng ngudi lai din Nhat Ban vao nam 2013.
My va Nhat Ban cung diy m ^ hpp tac quan sy khdng gian nhim dl phdng kha nang bin ha vd tinh ttt Trang Qudc. Kl hoach nay nim ttong eae dilu khoan dupe bd sung ttong Hiep udc an nmh My - Nhat, dupe cdng bd vao cudi nam 2014 va IJm thay ddi hoan toan cam kit trade dd ciia Nhat Ban v l viec su dung khdng gian ttong hoa binh va cit giam cac nhidm vu cua Or quan nghien ciru vd phdt triin hdng khong va tru Nhgt Bdn (JAXA). Theo dd, viec do tham tft khdng gian se dupe tien hanh bod mOt don vi die bi$t, tiirc thuOc Bp Qudc phdng Nhat BSn sau nam 2018. Trade d6, vao thang 5/2014, Tokyo da bit diu cho phep do lidu thu thjp bdi JAXA duyc
' HS th6ng n i y m6i dupe ttien khai tir ngiy 21/10/2014 lai can eir khdng quSn it Kyolango, Tay Bac Kyoto, ven bi^
Nh^t Bin. Vi tri niy dupe chpn lira vi nlu tSn lira Trilu Tien nham ban dao Guam ho§c Hawaii s6 phai bay qua vilng phia xay hoac vimg trung tam cua Nhat Ban,4piifi thdi n6 ciing iiham doi ph6 vdi Nga va Trung Quoc.
' US Department of Defense (2014), Quadrennial D4emi Review Report, March 4, Washington, D.C.
26 NGHIEN Cdra DONG BAC A sd 6(182) MOIi
Nghien cim khoa hoc
chuydn cho Washington. Ddi lai, quan dOi My cung cung cip cho Nhjit Ban nhung thdng tin da phan loai ve an ninh khdng gian tft nam trade.
Bp Qudc phdng Nhat Ban ciing dang cd kl ho?ch lap mOt tMit W dd tim tdn Itta hdng ngoai cho mot ve tmh ttmh sat mang tinh thu ngMem do JAXA chi tao. Hanh dOng nay hoac la cho thiy Bd Qudc phdng Nhat Ban dang xay dung he thdng canh bao sdm vu try ddc lap, hoac chinh la tiln hanh bd sung ddi vdi he thdng hdng ngo?i vu try dang khdng ngttng phat trien cua My. Trade dd khdng lau', Nhat Ban da xay dyng mOt chinh sach vu try mdi, nhim kit hpp toan dien hon nhftng nd lye phat triln tilm luc qudc phdng vdi "Chien luac bdo ddm an ninh qudc gia"
lan diu tien dupe dua ra vao thang 12/2013.
Ddi vdi van dl an ninh khu vyc Ddng A, My va Nhat Ban cung da the Men su quan tam d^c biet qua ke bo£ich dupe thdng bao ngay 19/4/2014 dl cung cip tau tuin tta cho cae nudc thanh vien ASEAN va hd ttp huan luyen quan chttc va thanh vien thupc lye lupng tuin duydn cila cac qudc gia nay. My va Nhit Ban eung sd hd ttp thilt lap mOt co chi ttong cac nudc ASEAN dl chia se thdng tin lien quan din tau hai tac va nhflng tau bi tinh nghi khac. Ddng thai tten duoc dua ra ttong bdi canh hai nudc dang cd sy chu y dac biet din an toan hang bai d Ddng Nam A va nhflng hanh dOng gay hin cua Trang ()udc tten Biln Ddng.
* Ngay tir nam 2009, Bp Qu6c phong Nhat Ban bat dau t i ^ hanh dau hi nghien cihi thur nghifm d mlrc dO thap tten phuong dien b0 cam biln vQ ttU; Mpt nam sau do, Nhat Ban dt hiiy bo cam kit phat triln khong gian "chi gidi han b muc dich h6a binh" dupe dua ra nam 1969, tir d6 giup hp CO thi tiln hanh nghien cihi phat trien khong gian quan su mang tinh ph6ng thii.
3. Mpt so nhan dinh va triSn vong hgp tac.
C6 thi thiy quan he hpp t4c tinh bao My - Nhat Ban dupe Mnh thanh la do cd nhttng tinh toan chien lupc va lo ngai chung bdi tinh khdng dn dinh cda khu vyc, nhit la van de hat nhan tten ban dao Trilu Tien, sy ttdi day m^nb me cua Trung Qudc va tinh chat khdng xac dinh cua cyc dien Ddng Bac A.
Ben canh do, ca hai ben edn deu ed nhimg tinh toan chiln luac rieng:
Ddi vdi Nhat Ban, sy hpp tac tten ITnh vyc nay la mdt ttong nhttng co sd de nang cap quan he quan su vdi My, tft dd dpn dudng chp vide xda bd nhftng rang buOe cua ban ^Hien phdp hda binh" Vdn dT boat dOng tinh bao mang tinh bi mat qudc gia, vi vay hpp tac tinh bao ed vi tri dac thu ttong quan hd quan sy ddi ngoai eua Nhat Ban. D l di theo eon dudng ttd thanh "qudc gia bmh thudng", Nhat Ban phai vto dUng sach lupc
"nudc Idn thuyin cung len", "mupn thuyen ra Men ca", thdng qua viec that chat quan he vdi My, tiln tdi gianh dupe sy thda thuan ngam, tham chi ilng hO cua My dl cdng khai phat trien tiem lye quan sy;
Ddi vdi My, "Bao cao qudc phdng 4 nam mdt" dupe cdng bd nam 2014 neu ro ba try eOt chiln lupc, gdm: "Bao ve td qudc; xay dyng an ninh tten toan cau bing vide trien khai anh hudng cua My va ngan chan su xam lupc; va duy tri san sang gianh thang loi chac chin trade bat ky ke thu nao neu sy ran de that bai"'. Ddng thdi dat ra yeu cau "can loi dyng day du tat ca cac tin tuc qudc phdng de kip thdi bao dam quyet sach, ddng thdi bao dam cho cac don vi tinh bao My du kha nang gianh dupe tin tfte qude phdng ttong mdi tradng va dieu kien nao dd; nang cao
* u s Department of Defense (2014), Quadrennial Defense Review Report, March 4, Washington, D.C.
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chit lupng phyc vy ciia cac don vi tinh bao My, dap ung yeu ciu stt dyng tm tdc qudc phdng; di sau khai khac cac khai niem, ky tiiuat va chiln lupc"'. D I fliyc hien myc tieu tten cin phai "flidng tm kip flidi, chinh xac vl eac tinh hudng tac chien va chien thuat", nim rd myc tieu va phat buy tich cyc chttc nang du bao cua tinh bao. Chinh vi vay, mjc du kha nang hojt dOng cdn ban ehS nhung Nhat Ban la mdt ddi tac httu Men ban ca vdi uu thi dia - chinh tti vupt ttdi dl My md rdng kha nang boat ddng ttong khu vyc nhim thu thap tm tiic tinh bao ttt Trang Qudc, Nga, Bic Trilu Tidn...
Tuy ddng co khac nhau, nhung hidu qua hpp tac da khiln hai ben xich lai gan nhau.
Mang ludi tuih bao d khu vyc Tay Thai Binh Duong ma My va Nhat Ban phdi hop xay dyng ve ea ban da hoan thanh ca "phan cdng" lin "phin mem" thi Men d viSc hoan thanh bd tri he thdng radar X - band tten dit Nhat Ban va hoan thidn, kien toan nhitag dilu khoan phap Mat ddi vdi hpp tac tinh bao. Tuy nhidn, du quan he ddng minh quan sy ngay cang chat ch6, nhung do hai nude dlu cd tinh toan rieng eua minh, nen khd ed thi binh thanh co ehl hpp tac toan dien bdi tten phuang dien thu thap tin tiic tinh bao cd gia tti Idn, gitta My va Nhat Ban vtta cd hpp tac vtta cd dau ttanh:
Thtt nhat, hi6n nay Nhat vin chua cd ve tmh canh bao sdm quan sy, v? tinh do tham tinh bao bi ban cbl ve tinh nang, ty le phan giai chi cd thi dat dupe trinh dp cua ve tinh tiiuong mai My, tiic khoang 6 0 - 1 0 0 em, lam anh hudng rit Idn din tinh chuin xac ttong phan doan. Vi vay, khi Nhat Ban xac nhan tin tuc tinh bao quan ttpng, vin phai
' Thdng tan xa Vi§t Nam, "Chiln lupc tinh bao qu6c phdng cua My", ra lieu tham Ithdo dac biet, nsiy 18/10/201 l.tt. 21. • 6."
dya vao quan dpi My. Tuy nhien, ttong viec su dung tin tiic tmh bao, giua My va Nhkt Ban vin khong ed sy dOi ding hoan toan.
Nguyen tac "thyc lye quylt dinh quyIn loi"
kMin My chiem uu thd tuyet ddi ttong phan chia loi ieh. Trong mOt chung myc nao do.
My chi mudn iiy tinh bao lam bifn phap dl kiem ehS Nhat Ban va eung khdng cd chi tiruong dl eho Nh?t Ban nim duac nhanh chdng va toan bd tin tuc tinh bao. Dieu nay lam xuit Men tam li nghi kj khdng nhd tii Tokyo. R6 rang ddi vdi Nhat Ban, mpt giai giai phap hftu hieu cin phai dupe thyc thi dl cd the thay ddi hidn trang khdng ddi ding va bdt phy thudc ttong hpp tac tinh bao vdi My la phai tang cudng hpp tac vdi nhilu ddi tac khac ma Han Qudc, Austtalia, An Dd... la nhitag vi dy dien hinh.
Thtt hai, hop tac tmh bao My - Nhat co hieu ling nhu con dao hai ludi. Tuy viSc fliu thap tin tuc tinh bao chu ylu nhim vao ben thu ba, nhung ciing cd thi dang tham do chinh ban ddng minh cda minh. Da co nhitag ddn doan vl viec My da dat tai Nh?t Ban 10 eo sd tinh bao Idn cdng khai hoac bi mat, dl theo doi mpi boat dOng quan sy cda quan dpi Nhit Ban. Cdn Nb|it Ban eflng dat co sd tinh bao d My tuy vdi chuc ttach chd yeu la lira ciu ndi ttong trao ddi tinh bao My - Nhjt, nhung tten thyc t l nd cung cd fli6 la ttam tiln duyen dSng tin cay de Nhat Ban tien hanh host dOng do tham ddi vdi My.
Rd rang nlu My va Nhat Ban tiln hanh chia se tin tiic tuih bao quan sy sg djt duoc budc nhay Idn v l tinh thdi MeUj tinh tong hpp va tinh chuin xac cua ngudn tin tinli bao. Thdm ntta, mOt bao cao tiraig hjn liSn quan din Dai cuang phdng veMy- Nh4t sm sua ddi (2010) ciing da nhin m^nh din tam quan ttpng cda phdng thu ten lua ddi vdi hoa binh va an ninh cda Nhat Ban. Tokyo cho ring muih cd ly do chinh dang de giam sSt
28 NGHIEN Cdra O O N G B ^ C A . s d 4(182) 4-2016
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hoat ddng cd thi gay h ^ cua cac nudc khac va da cd mOt qua ttinh xem xdt thilt lap hd thdng ve tinh canh bao sdm ten Ifta dan dao.
Hon nfta, can eft vao giai thich lai ddi vdi hanh ddng ty vd tap thi. My cQng cd quyIn Ipi nay, bdi vi ttong bdi canh hpp tac cua mdi quan he ddng minh My - Nhat, My eung cin dya vao sy hd ttp tich cye tft Nhat Ban ttt nhflng khia canh va pham vi khac nhau.
Ben canh dd, gidi phan tich cung da dl cao tam quan ttpng cua chia se thdng tm tinh bao ttong hoat dOng chdng khung bd va xem day la each bieu qua cd thi giup ngan ngtta nhflng vy tan cdng bdi vi "chd nghia khung bd vin la mdi de doa hang dau ddi vdi My ttong nhflng nSm tdi. Tang cudng chdng khdng bd va chia se thdng tin se tilp tuc diln ra tten toan thi gidi va viec hop tac rOng rai nay da ngan chan mOt sd tham hpa tilm tang"*. Bidn phap co ban de phat Men va ngan chan nhttng am muu tan cdng khung bd la chia sd thdng tin tinh bao mot each hi$u qua giua cac co quan thyc tbi phap luat npi dia eung nhu gitta cac nude vdi nhau. Rd rang khung bd tten thi gidi va d Ddng Nam A eung vin edn la mdi de dpa nghiem ttpng ddi vdi an ninh toan cau, ddi hdi hai nudc phai diy manh hoat dOng hpp tac tinh bao de phuc vy cho cdng cuOc chdng khung bd dat dupe nhttng ket qua tich cyc hon ntta.
Cd thd nhan thiy, ttt diu thi ki XXI din nay, dOng luc thue diy lien minh hai nudc phat ttiln la My mong mudn tilp tyc gitt vi thi ba quyIn thd gidi va Nh|t Ban mong mudn chuyin hda ttt cudng qude kinh te thanh cudng qudc chinh tti. Dya vao thyc luc Cling dl bao dam va md rOng Ipi ieh ridng la dilm chung cua Washington va
* Thdng tan xa Viet Nam, "Cdng ddng tinh bao My danh gia mdi de dpa toan the gidi", Tbi lieu tham Ithdo dac biet, ngay 17/04/201 l,tr. 1-24.
Tokyo, cdn sy nhit tri loi ieh cao va can thilt lin nhau v l chiln luac, dac biet la tten ITnh vyc hpp tac tinh bao quan sy gitta hai nudc se thue diy lidn minh nay phat tridn hon ntta.
TAI L I j U THAM KHAO 1. Ken Kotani, "Current Japanese Intelhgence Reform", http://www.niifEeld.
ox.ac.uk/Researeb/OIG/Documents/kotanil.pdf.
2. The White House (2010), The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Washington, D.C.
3. Trinh Xuan Tiln (2014), "Tinh bao vu tru ttong chien ttanh the he mdi". Tap chi An todn Thong tin, ngay 3/10.
4. Chelsea Todaro, U.S. Military Stepping Up Space Cooperation with Japan, Australia, http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.Org/blog/L ists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=l 562.
5. Nguyin Qudc Toan (2014), "Hpp tac xay dung he thdng phdng thu ten Ida cua Nhat Ban vdi My nhftng nam dau the ky XXI" Tap chi Nghiln cuu Bdng Bdc A, S6 4 (158).
6. Thdng tin xa Viet Nam, "Hpp tac quan sy va tinh bao My - Nhat", Tdi lieu tham khdo ddc biet, ngay 15/3/2007, tt. 11 - 18.
7. Thong tin xa Vi$t Nam, "My thay ddi chien lupc va anh hudng ddi vdi quan he lien minh", Tin tham khdo chii nhgt, ngay 22/06/2008, tt. 1 - 14.
8. Thdng tin xa Viet Nam, "Cpng dong tinh bao My danh gia mdi de dga toan the gidi", Tdi lieu tham khao dac biet, ngay 17/04/2011, tt.
1-24.
9. Thong tin xa Viet Nam, "Chien luac tinh bao quoc phdng cua My", Tdi lieu tham khao ddc biet, ngay 18/10/2011, tr. 20 - 23.
10. US Department of Defense (2014), Quadrennial Defense Review Report, March 4, Washington, D.C.
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