Tap chi KHLN 2/2014 (3288 - 3292)
©: Vien KHLNVN - VAFS
ISSN 1859-0373 Bang tai tgi: www.vafs.gov.vi
NGHIEN CLfU ANH Hl/dNG C O A PHAN BON D^N SINH TRU'dNG
CUA RUNG T R 6 N G KEO LAI (Acacia mangium x Acacia auricuHformis)TAI CONG TY LAM NGHIEP TAM THANH - PHU THO
Pham Duy Long', Luyen Thi Minh Hieu^
Trung tdm Nghien cicu Bdo ve rimg
^Cao dang Nong nghiep vd PTNT Bdc bp
Tir k/ida: Keo lai, phdn bon. sinh truang, Cong ly Ldm nghiep Tam Thanh
Ket qua nghien ciiu ve anh huong cua phan b6n toi sinh trudng vi ning suit cua rimg trSng 3 dong keo lai B V10, B V16 va B V32 tgi Cong ty Lam nghiep Tam Thanh - Phii Thp cho thiy, cong thuc d6i chiing (khong bin phan) CO ty 16 s6ng cao nhat ca a tufli 1 vi tu6i 4 vai ti I? s6ng tirong ung Ii 92,6% vi 90,6%. Trong khi do ty le s6ng a cic cong thiic bon I6t phin NPK (10 : 5 : 5) chi dat tir 82,6% den 90,6%. Diau niy li do cac cong thiic b6n lot phan NPK voi lieu luong cao da lim cho rl cay bi s6t va ch6t nhilu hon.
Kha n2ng sinh truong cua keo lai o cong thuc bon lot 1 OOg NPK + 400g vi sinh song Gianh va cong thuc bon 500g vi sinh song Gianh c6 inh hu6ng t6t nhat den sinh truong du6ng kinh tai tu6i 4 v6i dirimg kinh ciia keo lai dat trung binh 10,82cm. Cong thiic bon 300g NPK va cong thiic b6n 16t lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh song Gianh co anh hirong tot nhit d6i vdi sinh trudng chiau cao tai tu6i 4 vdi chilu cao trung binh cua keo lai dat 11,52m.
Xet vi ning suit thuc tai tu6i 4, cong thiic bon lOOgNPK + 40bg vi sinh sdng Gianh va cong thtic bon 500g vi sinh sdng Gianh co ning suit cao nhat, diu dat tren 18,9mVha/nim, cao hem tir 22 - 29% so vdi dfii chiing khong bon.
Study on influences of fertilizer to growth of Acacia hybrid plantation in Tam Thanh Forestry Company - Phu Tho province
Study on influences of fertilizer to grovrth capacity and productivity of Acacia hybrid plantation in Tam Thanh forestry company, Phu Tho province shown that controled experiment (non fertilizer) has the highest living rate in the first year and the fourth year with living rate is respectively 92,6% and 90,6%. While, living rate in experiments having NPK fertilizer only get from 82,6% to 90,6%. This result has caused by fertilizing so such NPK fertilizer leading to death a number of Acacia Key words: Acacia hybrid. hybrid. Growing capacity of Acacia hybrid in the first experiment fertilizing fertilizer, growth. Tam "^^g ^^^ "*" 400g Song Gianh organic microbial fertilizer and the second Thanh Forestry Company. experiment fertilizing 500g Song Gianh organic microbial fertilizer have
been the best effect to diameter growth at the fourth year with average diameter (10,82 centimeter); the first experiment which fertilize 300g NPK and the second experiment fertilizing lOOg NPK + 400 Song Gianh organic microbial fertilizer have been the best effect to height growth at four year with average heigh (10,52 meter). Base on real productivity, at the fourth year, the second experiment fertilizing lOOg NPK + 400g and the third experiment fertilizing 500g Song Gianh organic microbial fertilizer have been the most significant productivity, reach to over 18,9m^ perha per year, it is about 22% to 29% higher than controled experiment.
Phgm Duy Long etal., 2014(2) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
L DAT VAN DE
CJ Vi?t Nam hi?n nay, cdng tac trdng rimg dang dugc quan tam va phat tri6n tren pham vi rong vdi mot sd loai cay mpc nhanh nhSm cung cSp nguyen lieu cho nganh cdng nghiep giSy, van nhan tao, go xe cdng nghiep va ddng d6 gia dung. Trong nhung cay tr6ng rimg chii ylu CO keo lai, cac gidng keo lai da va dang to ra cd nhiSu trien vpng. Tuy mdi duac gay trdng tir dau nhiing nam 90 nhung dien tich rung tr6ng keo lai tang rSt nhanh vdi mdt so giong quoc gia va nhieu giong tien bp ky thulit. Den nay, keo lai da dupc trdng phd bien d nhieu viing trong ca nudc va trd thanh mpt trong cac gidng cay trong rimg kinh te chu luc.
Cong ty Lam nghiep Tam Thanh - Phii Thp da va dang xay dung viing nguyen lieu g§n vdi cong nghiep chl biln chii yeu phuc vu nguyen lieu cho nha may giay Bai Bang vdi cac loai keo va bach dan, trong do rung trong hien nay chu ylu la keo lai vdi cac dong nhu: BVIO, BV16, BV32. Kit qua nghien cuu cua Pham Thi Diing (2006) cho thiy, viec ap dung cac ky thu^t tham canh rung trdng d Binh Phudc CO thi tang tru- lupng rimg keo lai tdi 84,21%
so vdi tr6ng quang canh. Bon lot va bon thuc CO ^nh hudng kha ro din sinh trudng ciia rimg trdng keo lai 2 tu6i tai Quang Tri (Nguyen Huy Son et al., 2012). Bon lan da lam tang nang suit rimg tr6ng keo lai tir 1 3 m^/ha/nSm sau 3 nam trong rimg d Binh Dinh (Ph?m Thi Dung, 2012). Nhu vay, co thi thiy phan bon da giiip tang nang suit, nit ngan chu ky kinh doanh va dap ung nhu ciu ve nguyen li?u cho chl bien go vdi quy md ldn. Tuy nhien cac nghien cuu nay mdi chi dugc thuc hi$n tgi mpt s6 khu vuc khac, cac nghien ciiru tucmg t\r cho viing lam nghiep d cong ty Tam Thanh chua dupc quan tam. Hien nay de dap ling nhu cau nguyen lieu cho Nha may Giay Bai Bang, tai cac vimg nguyen lieu giay phuc vy cho Cong ty Giiy Bai Bing trong do co Cdng ty Lam nghi$p Tam Thanh da va dang su dyng loai phan bdn NPK Lam Thao ty 1?
10 : 5 : 5 dl bdn cho rimg trdng keo lai. Tuy nhien, chua cd mgt cdng trinh nghien cuu nao danh gia diy du ve anh hudng cua phan bdn din sinh trudng va nang suat cua rung trdng keo lai. Do vay, viec tim hieu ve anh hudng cua phan bdn dSn sinh trudng cua cay rimg nhu the nao va viec xac dinh lieu lugng bdn CO hieu qua kinh te cao nhat cho kinh doanh rimg trdng la van de rat can thiet. Bai bao nay trinh bay kit qua nghien cuu budc dau ve anh hudng ciia phan bon den sinh trudng cua rimg trdng keo lai tai Tam Thanh gdp phin bd sung CO sd khoa hpc de tang nang suat rimg trong keo lai d Viet Nam.
n . V^T LIEU, DIA DIEM VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.1. Vat lieu nghien ciru
- v l gidng: 3 dong keo lai gdm: BVIO, BV16, BV32, san xuit bang hom, trdng gdp chung vdi ti le ddng nhit giita cac ddng trong cac cdng thuc thi nghiem.
Ve phan bdn: Phan NPK Lam Thao ty le 10:5:5, phan vi sinh sdng Gianh.
v l dit: Dit Feralit, dp day ting dit tir 50 - 10cm, dp die < 15°, thuc bi: Sim, Mua, Gupt tren lap dia da qua nhieu luan ky kmh doanh bach dan.
2.2. Dia diem nghien cihi
Tai dpi 3, Cdng ty Lam nghiep Tam Thanh thupc xa Cd Tilt, huyen Tam Ndng, tinh Phii Thp.
2.3. Phirong phap nghien cihi
- Thiet ke thi nghiem theo khdi ngau nhien, diy dil lap lai 3 lan vdi dung lupng 60 cay/cdng thuc/lap. Mat dp trdng 1.660 cay/ha (3 X 2m) vdi 5 cdng thiic bdn lot bao gdm:
CTl:300gNPK/hd;
CT2: lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh/hd;
CT3: 500g vi sinh sdng Oianh/hd;
CT4:200gNPK + 200g vi sinh sdng Gianh/hd;
CT5: Ddi chung khdng bdn.
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Tap clll KHLN 2014 Pham Duy Long ef al., 2014(2)
+ Kich thuoc h6 tr6ng: 40cm x 40cm x 40cm.
+ Thai vu tr6ng: vu Xuan (thang 3 den thang 4 nam 2008).
- Do dSm s6 lieu: Ti6n hanh thu thap s6 lieu cua toan bo cac cay trong cac 6 tieu chuan bao g6m, cac chi tieu: ty le song, sinh truong duong kinh ngang nguc (Di 3) va chieu cao vut ngon (Hvn).
- Tinh toan so lieu:
+ Ty le song dugc tinh theo cong thiic:
Nht ' N b d ' Trong do:
Nht la mat do hien tai cua lam phan ; Nbd la mat do ban dau trong rimg.
+ The tich than cay ca vo (V):
TLS = <100
+ Nang suAt trung binh tinh cho Iha nhu sau:
Nang sult= (V X N X TLS)/(1000xA).
V: The tich cay;
N: Mat do tr6ng. 1 A: Tu6i cay khao nghiSm (nam)
TLS: Ty le s6ng (%).
- Xu ly s6 lieu theo phuong phap toan thong ke trong lam nghiep va chuong trinh phin m6m ling dung thong dung SPSS va Excel (Nguyln Hai Tudt et ai, 2005 va 2006).
i n . KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
3.1. Mot so dac diem dat dai khu vut nghien cvta
Thi nghiem dugc bo tri tai dpi 3, Cong ty Lam nghiep Tam Thanh, tinh Phii Thp. Dac diem dat trong khu vuc b6 tri thi nghiem dupc mo ta nhu trong bang 1.
Bang 1. Ket qua phan tich dat a khu vuc nghien ciru
D9 sau t^ng dat
(cm) 0 - 1 5 20-30 4 0 - 5 0
PHKC,
3,77 3,77 3,79
Mun
%
1,19 1,08 0,97
CfN
9,45 8,87 9,49
O^m %
0,073 0,071 0,059
D i t i e u (mgllOOg d i t ) P2OS 0,018 0,016 0,018
KiO 2,41 2,41 1.81
Ca, Mg trao doi (ldl/100g d i t ) C a "
0,503 0,506 0,406
M g "
0.1 0,405 0,407
Thanh p h i n c c g i ^ i
(%)
2 - 0.02 77,85 67.62 55,25
0.02- 0.002 10,07 12,14 16,27
< 0.002 12.08 20,24 28,48
Ket qua phan tich cac mau dat 6 bang 1 cho thay dat 6 khu vuc thi nghiem kha chua voi pHtci bien dpng tir 3,77 - 3,79; ham lugng mim tir 0,9 - 1,19 va dam tir 0,05 - 0,07 la kha thap; ty le C/N khong cao; ham lupng P2O5 a miic trung binh va K2O g mile kha;
thanh phan co gioi tir nhe din trung binh.
Nhu vay dat trong khu vuc xay dung mo hinh la dat tugng doi xau.
3.2. Anh hu-ffng ciia phan bon den ty IS song ciia keo lai
Ket qua danh gia ty le s6ng cua keo lai trong cac cong thiic thi nghiem phan bon a tuoi 1 va tuoi 4 dugc tong hpp 0 bang 2.
Bang 2. Anh huong cua phan bon den ty le song cua keo lai
Cong thijc thi nghifm CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
Ty )# s6ng (%) T u 6 i 1
82,6 90,6 90.6 88.7 92,6
Tuoi 4 80,3 88,7 87,8 82,6 90,6
Kit qua danh gia ty le sdng d tudi 1 cho thay cd sir sai khac giOa cac cdng thuc, trong do cdng thuc ddi chung (khdng bon) co ty 1?
sdng cao nh^t, dat 92,6% vdi do tin cay 95%, viec bdn Idt qua nhieu phan NPK vdi ty le cao
Phgm Duy Long etal., 2014(2) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
( 1 0 : 5 : 5) va each bdn chua hpp ly (cd the do dao phan khdng deu nhau, khdng ky, khi trdng re cay tiep xiic true tiep vdi phan gay sdt re va chet). Sau 4 nam trdng ty le sdng giam di so vdi tudi 1 do cd hien tupng cay hi gay, do do bao. Tuy nhien, cac cdng thuc thi nghiem deu dat tren 80% vdi cdng thdc 5 van dat ty le sdng cao nhat (90,6%).
3.3. Anh hirdng cua phan bon den sinh fruoug va nang suat cua rung trong keo lai Ket qua thi nghiem phan bdn vdi cay keo lai cho thay kha nang sinh trudng ve dudng kinh va chieu cao trong cac cdng thiic cd bon phan cd su sai khac rd.
Bang 3. Anh hudng cua phan bdn den nang suat/ha/nam cua keo lai Cong thi>c
Dl 3 (cm) S% (D,.,) H „ ( m ) S%(HJ Nang suit (m^/ha/nam)
CT1 10,50 9,80 11.46
3,14 16,53
CT2 10,80 9,70 11,58 8,24 19,52
CT3 10,85 11,72 11,24 8,31 18,93
CT4 10,55 10,41 11,02 8,43 16,51
CT5 10,08 9.46 10,31 7,39 15,46
Qua bang 3 cho thay dudng kinh binh quan cua keo lai dat tir 10,5 - 10,85cm, chieu cao vut ngpn dat tir 11,02 - 11,58m, deu cao hcfn so vdi ddi chung khdng bon ( D | 3 ^ 10,08cm, Hvn ^ 10,31m).
Hinh 1. Anh hudng cua phan bdn den sinh tmdng dudng kinh (Di 3) va chieu cao (Hvn) ciia keo lai
Qua hinh 1 cho thay sinh trudng d cac cong thuc phan bdn cd su khac nhau ro ret. Trong do, cdng thuc bon 500g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thurc bdn I OOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh cd anh hudng tdt nhat den sinh trudng dudng kinh cua keo lai vdi xac suat SigDi.3 - 0,78. Tuong tu, cdng thuc bdn lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thirc bdn 300g NPK cd anh hudng tdt nhat ddi vdi sinh trudng chieu cao vdi xac suat SigHvn= 2,19.
Cdng thirc bon 1 OOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh v^ cdng thuc bdn 500g vi smh sdng Gianh c6 nang su4t Idn nh4t, dat 19,94 m^/ha/nam va
18,93 m /ha/nam, thap nhat la cdng thuc ddi chung khdng bdn phan nang suat chi dat 15,46m/ha/nam. Ket qua phan tich phuang sai mdt nhan to cho thay rang sinh trudng dudng kinh ( D u ) va chieu cao (Hvn) o' cac cdng thirc phan bdn khac nhau, deu c6 Sig <
0,05. Cd nghla la vdi dp tin cay 9 5 % ta cd the ket luan rang sinh trudng dudng kinh va chieu cao cua cac cdng thuc phan bdn cd su khac nhau ro ret.
De xac dinh duac cdng thirc phan bon nao cho sinh trudng cao nhat, nghien ciru da sir dung tieu chuan Duncan de so sanh tung cSp cdng
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Tgp chi KHLN 2014 Phgm Duy Long etal., 2014(2)
thiic phan bdn khac nhau. Kit qua cho thay cdng thdc bdn 500g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thiic bdn lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh dupc xem la cd anh hudng tdt nhit den sinh trudng dudng kinh cua keo lai vdi sd trung binh dudng kinh tuong ling la 10,85cm va 10,80cm.
Ket qua danh gia anh hudng cua cac cdng thiic phan bdn den sinh trudng Hvn theo tieu chuan Duncan cimg cho thiy sinh trudng chieu cao d cdng thiic bdn lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thiic bdn 300g NPK dupc xem la tdt nhat vdi sd trung binh chieu cao tuong ling 11,58m va 11,46m.
IV. KET LUAN
Cac cdng thiic bdn phan cho keo lai d Tam Thanh deu cd ty le sdng ddng deu nhau (deu dat tir 80% din 90%).
Mdi cdng thiic phan bdn se cd nhung anh hudng khac nhau tdi sinh trudng ciia rimg trdng keo lai. Cdng thiic bdn 500g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thuc bdn lOOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh cd anh hudng tdt nhit din sinh trudng dudng kinh keo lai, diu tang tir 0,72 din 0,77cm so vdi cdng thdc khdng bdn phan. Cdng thiic bdn I OOg NPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh va cdng thiic bdn 3 OOg NPK cd anh hudng tdt nhit ddi vdi sinh trudng chieu cao, deu tang tii 1,15m din 1,27m so vdi ddi chiing khdng bdn phan.
Cdng thiic 2 (bdn lOOgNPK + 400g vi sinh sdng Gianh) va cdng thiic 3 (bdn 500g vi sinh sdng Gianh) cho hieu qua cao nhat vdi nang suat deu dat tren 18,9m''/ha/nam, cao hon tir 22 - 29% so vdi ddi chiing khdng bdn.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Pham The Dflng, 2012. Nghien cuu cac bi6n phap ky thuat bao ve v^ nang cao do phi cua dSt nham nang cao nang suSt rirng trfing bach dan, keo 6 cac luan ky sau. Bdo cio tong kk d6 t^i, Vien Khoa hgc LSm nghi?p Vi?t Nam.
2. Pham ThS Dflng, Ngo Van Ngpc, 2006. Nghien ciiu cac bien phdp kj thuat tham canh rimg keo lai dir^fc tuyen chgn tren dk phu sa c6 tai tinh Binh Phudc ldm nguyen lieu giiy. Tap chi Nong nghi?p vd Phit trien nong thon, thing 5/2006.
3. Nguyln Hai Tuit, Vu TiSn Hinh, Ngo Kim Khoi, 2006. Phan tich th6ng ke trong lam nghi|p. Nxb Nong nghi?p.
Hi Noi.
4. Nguyen Huy Sorn, Hoing Minh Tam, 2012. Anh huong cua mat do vi phan bon den nang suit rung trdng keo lai 9,5 tu6i a Quing Trj. Tap chi Khoa hoc Lam nghiep, s6 3/2012.
NgirM tham dinh: TS. Hoang Van ThSng
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