MO HINH DICH VU VE SINH MOI TRUCJNG
RHU VEN DO
DO THI THUNG TAM H A NOI DEN N A M 2030
Ths. Le CUcmg*
1. Dat van d€
Trong qui trinh do thj hda, vCing ven dd ludn d t h i ddng, d c chfnh sleh quy hoach vh phIt t r i l n do thj H I Ndi se bien vung ven do thInh dd thj v l dd thi hda mdt p h l n ndng thdn thanh vung ven dd mdi. Nhu vly, can cd v I o giai doan v l thdl diem quy hoach, khu VUc ven dd dd thj trung t l m H I Ndi duac nghien edu 11 18 huyIn ngoai thInh, bao gdm: Long Bien, Ba Vi, Qude Oai, Chuong (Vly, My Ddc,Thanh Qai.ThanhTri, Me Linh, Sde Son, Odng Anh, Thudng Tin, Dan PhUpng, CTng Hda, Holi Ode, Gia Llm,ThaehThat, Phu Xuyen va Phuc Thp.
Nhu vly, eung vdi edng t i c b i o ve mdi trUdng, van de q u I n ly CTR khu VUe dan eU ven dd dd thj trung t l m TP. H I Ndi dang trd nen d p bach. BSi v i l t gidi thieu tdi ban dpe hai md hinh tdchdc quIn lyCTRSH, dd I I : Td chde dich vy mdi trUdng d p huyen (URENCO huyen) va HTX djch vu mdi trudng.
Tong lugng CTRSH thdl ra mdi trUdng cda khu ven dd gdn 3.000 tdn/ngdy
Hien nay, tdng lUOng CTRSH thai ra mdi trUdng cua khu ven dd gan 3.000 tan/ngay, chUa k l lUpng CTR y t l phat sinh t d cle ep sd y t l nhU tram y t l x l , CTR phIt sinh t d khU vUe lang nghe, chan nudl.
Tai n h i l u vung ndng thdn da hinh thInh elc md hinh thu gom rac t h l i do ngudi dan, xa, thdn t u td chde hoac md hinh hpp t i c xa (HTX ) djch vy mdi trudng, edng ty djch vy mdi trudng d i m nhilm.Tuy nhien, ehl sd it md hinh thye hien h i l u qua, phan Idn do hinh t h I n h t u phIt nen hoat ddng khdng ben vdng. Qua dieu tra, hien H I Ndi cd 355/424 x l thanh lap to thu gom rIc t h l i . Cd 143 xa da td ehdc chuyin rac di xd ly, chdn l i p tai bai rIc tap trung cua thanh phd, chilm ty le 40,28%, chd y l u I I d e l e thj tran v l xa l l n d n khu vUc ndi thInh. Mdt sd thdn, khu dan eu d vung slu, vung xa van gap khd khIn trong thu gom r i e t h l i .
\^^-
h^/1.
V^^-^
-'«-
^^m^' Li
m^
nJ^^^i
""~ ~ Ts C"!"^
Nhiiu vOng ndng thdn da hinh thdnh cdc md hinh thu gom rdc thdi do
ngudi ddn, xd, thdn tu tS chde
2. Mo hinh to chile URENCO huyen ven cTd cTd thi trung tdm Ha Npi
a/Co cau tdchdc
Ca d u td chde quan ly cda URENCO huyIn theo md hinh quIn ly CTTt t i p trung. Trong do URENCO huyen XrUe thude URENCO Ha Ndi va ed quan h i hai chilu vdi UBND huyen trong cdng tacqulnl^^CTR,
Ca eau to ehdc cua URENCO huyen theo md hinh quan ly CTR phan tin.
Trong dd URENCO huyen true thudc UBND huyln.
b/ Nhiem vu cua Cong ty (URENCO) huyen
- QuIn ly q u i t dpn ve sinh ele trye dudng chinh cua huyen, thu gom rie cCia nhdng hd gia dinh gan trye dudng ehinh, q u i t don ehp, khu edng edng, b i n t l u xe, thu dpn
OM XAV DUNG & DO TT-I 8 1
KINH NGHIEM
rIc cac CO quan, xi nghiep, benh vien, trudng hpc... cd hpp ddng vdi cdng ty.
- Van chuyen rIc tdi nhdng d i l m t i p k i t v l d i n khu xd ly tap trung (theo md hinh xd ly CTR tap trung) hoac d i n khu xd ly tai dja phuang (theo md hinh xd ly CTR phan tan).
- Hudng dan cac td, dpi ve sinh phudng xa v l ky thuat, nghiep vu quIn ly ve sinh do thj va tham gia vao edng tac d i n h gia, giam sat p h l n loai CTR sinh hoat tai ngudn.
c/To chde bo mdy ve sinh cac cap phudng/xa
* Ve md hinh td chde:
• Cung vdi to trUdng d i n phd, xdm trudng lap bien b i n d l nghi UBND phudng/xl phat vi pham h i n h chinh doi vdi nhdng hd gia dinh/el n h i n do rac, ve sinh bda bai lam d nhiem mdi trudng, gay mat my quan dd thj.
- Odn ddc eac td d i n pho, d c xdm quet dpn v l sJnh ngd pho, khoi, nao vet he thdng tieu t h o l t nude cua elc ngd hoac nhan thau kholn ve quet dpn ve sinh, khPi thdng cdng ranh.
- True tiep thu le phi rIc cua d c hp gia dinh trong d c ngd theo nhilm vu cua UBND phUdng/xa giao cho theo mde quy djnh le phf
Mdi phUdng/xa thanh lap mdt dpi ve sinh tU quIn. Dudi moi dpi chia nhd thanh d c td ve smh ehju trach nhiem thu gom tai cac khu vuc dupc p h l n chia theo dia gidi cua phUdng/xa.
Nhiem vy cda cae dpi, td ve s i n h t u q u i n nhUsau:
- Odi v l sinh true thudc UBND phUdng/xa va chiu sU chi dao, dieu hanh toan dien cua UBND phudng/xa.
- Quan ly toan bd he thdng ngd/nglch va h i thdng cong ranh tren true ngd/ngaeh.
- Td chde thu gom rac t d cle hd gia dinh d eac khu vUc xa trye dudng ehinh v l van chuyin rac tai noi tap k i t rIc gan nhat do cdng ty mdi trudng dd thj huyen quy dinh.
ehung va chi t r i tt I I % cho nhijrng c l nhan/hd gia dinh lam tdt cdng tac phan loai rIc t h l i tai ngudn.
- Chiu sU hudng d i n v l ky thult, nghiep vy ve sinh chung cua Cdng ty Mdi trudng dd thj huyen.
- Cdng cy iao ddng cua dpi ve sinh do UBND phudng/xa xlc dinh cy t h i .
* Ve td chde bd mdy qudn ly d phudng/xd:
Moi dpi cd 01 dpi trudng va 01 dpi phd. Dudi mdi dpi lai chia nhd thanh d c td va cd td trudng ehju trlch nhilm quIn ly.
' Trdeh nhiem cua to trudng to ddn phd trong viec ddm bdo vi sinh dudng phd:
- Tuyen truyen gilo due nhin dan cd y thdc gijjr gin ve smh cdng
cdng, chap hinh nghiem chinh quy djnh v l quIn ly va ve sinh do thj.
- Hang tuan td chde cho nhin dan trong td, xdm, khdi quet dpn ve sinh, khai thdng ddng chly vao d c ngly nghi eudi tuan.
- Giao due tuyen truyin, nhle nhd nhdng hp vi pham npi quy ve sinh. Nhdng trudng hpp cd tinh vi pham hoac vi pham nghiem trpng cd the to chde kiem diem, p h i binh hole xd ly h i n h chinh.
- Kilm tra, giam sat chat che viec thuc hien thu gom, p h l n loai cua cae dpi vien thudc pham vi cua minh.
- To trudng, xdm trUdng phdi hpp cung vdi dpi vien ve sinh de to chde thu le phi dat 100% ke hoach dupe giao.
* Trdeh nhiim cua UBND phudng/xd:
- Thudng xuyen quan ly, trUc ttep d i l u hanh dpi ve sinh hoat ddng thue sU hieu qua, n l n i p .
- Chiu trach nhiem trudc UBND huyen v l viec chi dao va dieu hanh td, xdm. Phdi hpp vdi dpi ve sinh thuc hien tdt nhiem vu ve sinh v l thu le phi rac.
• Xly dung ndi quy cu the v l vile q u I n ly CTR v l cdng tac ve sinh ddi vdi d c CO quan ddng tren dja ban v l ddi vdi tdng hd gia dinh. Xd phat nghiem minh ddi vdi nhdng ngudi cdtinh vi pham.
- Moi UBND phudng/xa cd mdt ngudi kiem nhiem edng t i c v l sinh mdi trudng. Hang thang duac t r i luang kiem nhiem theo quy djnh.
' Trdeh nhiem cua UBND huyen:
- E)a vdf md hmh xd ly CTR phai tin:
+ Kilm tra, giam sit cdng t i c quIn ly ve sinh cua Cdng ty Mdi trUcmg do thj va UBND phudng/xa.
+ Ban hanh nhdng quy djnh chung v l quIn hy CTH, dua ra mde thu phi ve sinh thich hpp.
+ Xly dung k l hoach phln bd ngln sach hlng nam cho cdng t i c quIn ty CTR.
+ Khen thudng, bilu duong, d n h d o kjp thdi nhUng td, dpi, hd gia dinh thuc hien tdt hoac chua tdt v l ve sinh mdi trudng.
3 2 HQCVlfNCANBOOUANLYXAYDL/NGVADOll
+ Tuyin truyen giao dye, phIt ddng phong t r i o thi dua xly dung mdi trudng xanh, sach, dep den d e td chde nhu Hdi Cuu chien binh, Hdi Phu nd, trudng hpe v l nhilu td chde xa hpi khIc. Ddi vdi md hinh xd ly CTR t i p trung thi UBND huyen se eung chia s i d c nhilm vy da neu d tren vdi Cdng ty Mdi trudng dd thi huyen.
3. M d hinh HTX djch v u
moi trudng
a / s u can thiet
Song song vdi hoat dpng cua URENCO/quIn, huyln cd t h i d n thcinh l$p va phIt trien cac HTX dich vy mdi trudng, thue hien theo Nghj quylt Trung Uong V khda 9, O l l n 17 cua Thanh dy ve phat trien HTX trong mpi ITnh vUc trong dd cd v l sinh mdi trudng. CIc Hap t i c xa n^y se phdi hpp ciing cle URENCO/
quIn, huyen d i m nhan vai trd thu gom, v^n chuyin CTRSH tai cac khu dan cU ven do ve khu xd ly CTRSH theo quy hoach cCia thInh phd d i n nam 2030.
CIc HTX djch vu mdi trUdng se thu gom v^ vIn ehuyin CTRSH tai d c phudng/ling, nPi m l eac URENCO/quIn, huyln chUa t h i vdi tdi; g i l m sde ep v l gInh nang cho ele URENCQ/quan, huyen.
Vdi md hinh HTX djch vy mdi trudng, Nha nude khdng p h l i dau tu vdn, phuang t i l n , trang t h i l t bj cho boat ddng sin xult. Gill quylt v l thu hut lao ddng n h i n rdi cua dja phuong, tao cdng an viec l l m v l thu nhap dn dinh cho can bd cdng nhin v i i n . Viee t r i l n khai md hinh nly, khdng m I t chi phi eho cdng t i c duy tri ve sinh mdi trUdng ngd xdm.
Doln k i t d c doan t h i dia phuong vdi muc t i l u ehung II gid vdng 6n djnhxa hdi.
O l cdng t i c x l hdi hda ve sinh mdi trudng di v I o eudc sdng, cIn phIt t r i l n md hinh HTX dich vu mdi trudng, trude h i t trong hoat ddng thu gom vS vtn chuyin CTRSH vung venddTP. HINdi.
b/ Md hinh to chd:c quIn ly HTX djch vu mdi trUdng
Tuy theo sd lUpng thanh vien trong Hdi ddng t h I n h v i i n HTX, nang luc t l i chinh, dieu k i l n trang t h i l t bj thu gom, v I n chuyin, xd ly, ddi ngu CBCNV...
va dieu kiln cu the cua tdng dja phuang m l quy md eda HTX djch vu mdi trudng se khac nhau. Md hinh td chde q u I n I)? HTX djch vu mdi trudng dupc trinh b i y d h i n h 1.
I BAN QUAN TW| [
Td CHCIC
HANH CHrNH
T<5 KHAI THAC
TdKTRA vAxd LYMT
CM sA x u M
c A c T<i S A N XUXT
1
B O S A N XUAT
t t
CAC T 6 S A N XUAT
t
S A N XUAT
1 1
CAC Td S A N XUAT
E>4l
1
SAN XUAT
1 I
CAC Td SAN XUAT
OQl i
SAN XUAT
1 1
CAC T 6 SAN XUAT
B^.1 i
SAN XUAT
CAC Td SAN XUAT
1
SAN XUAT
1 i
CAC T 6 SAN XUAT
Hmh 1.5a do to ehdc qudn ly HTX dich vu mdi trUdng Tuy theo tinh chat, quy md va ITnh vUc hoat ddng HTX djch vu mdi trUdng se cd quy md khac nhau. Vi dy, chi d i m nhan viec thu gom, van chuyin CTRSH eac khu dan cU ven dd hay c l xd ly CTRSH; HTX djch vy mdi trUdng cd quy md Idn thudng md rdng quy md, dia ban va linh vUc hoat dpng nhU thu gom, van chuyen c l CTR xly dUng, xay dUng d c cdng trinh xd ly CTR...
Ca eau to chde HTX djch vy mdi trUdng gdm eac t h I n h vien HTX, hdi ddng q u I n t r i , g i l m ddc (tong giam ddc) va ban k i l m solt hole k i l m soat vien.
Chde nang, quyen han v l nhiem vu cda Hdi ddng quIn tri, Chu tjch Hdi ddng quIn tri, Giam ddc (chu nhiem) HTX, Ban kiem soat, Kilm solt v i i n , d c thanh v i i n cCia HTX d l dupc quy djnh rd trong Luat Hpp t i e xa 2012, ed h i l u lue thi hanh t d ngay 01/7/ 2013.
Hdi ddng t h I n h vien boat ddng theo d i l u le hoat ddng cua HTX. Hdi ddng quIn trj HTX, Ban g i l m ddc (Ban chd nhiem HTX), Ban kiem soat can ed quy e h l boat dpng rd rang, phan cdng t r l c h nhiem ey t h i eho d c bd phln, cd c h i dd thudng phat nghiem minh ddi vdi tdng ddi tUpng ey the.
Ban giam ddc (Ban chu nhiem) HTX ed trlch nhilm phln cdng trlch nhiem eu the eho cac bd p h l n , dan vi true thude nhU: Phdng To chde hanh chinh, Phdng K l hoach, Phdng Kinh doanh,...
TrUdng, Phd elc phdng ban, don vj d e bp phan cd trach nhiem phln edng trlch nhiem ey the cho d n bd, n h i n vien do don vj minh phy trlch.
Dpi trudng d e dpi sin xuat cd trach nhiem phln cdng trlch nhiem cu the cho
S63J 20M X R V D l ^ G & O O T H I | 8 3
KINH NGHIEM
ele td ve sinh mdi trudng d c td d i n phd, cym d i n cu, thdn, lang... trong cdng t i c quet dpn ve sinh, td chde thu gom, v I n chuyen CTRSH d i n dja diem tap k i t ; cd cP e h l ddng vien khuyin khich, thudng phat nghiem minh ddi vdi elc td hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu dupe giao.
Td trudng cac td ve sinh mdi trudng cd trach nhilm p h l n cdng nhilm vu eho tdng thanh v i i n cua td, theo ddi, giam sat va eung anh ehi em trong td hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu.
4. Oanh gia mo hinh ca cau td ChuTc URENCO huyen/HTX dich vu moi trUdng
Cung vdi he thdng URENCO cOa TP. H I Npi hien nay, viec thanh l i p va phIt t r i l n he thdng d c URENCO huyen/HTX djch vu mdi trudng tai d c huyen khu vuc ngoai thInh thInh phd, d c td, ddi ve sinh mdi trUdng tai d c lang xa ven dd se dem lai hieu q u i cao ve d c mat kinh t l - xa hdi - mdi trudng.
a/ Ve moi trudng
- Md rdng pham vi va quy md phuc vy cua djch vu thu gom, phan loai, van chuyen v l xd ly CTRSH tdi tat e l cac ^ a phuong ven dd dd thj trung t l m TP. Ha Ndi, dac biet ddi vdi d c v u n g xa xdi, heo linh ma hien nay URENCO H I Ndi va ele don vj ehuyin nganh khac chua t h i vUOn tdi.
- DUa djch vy quIn ly CTR dd thi xudng cae vung ndng thdn khu ven do TP. H I Npi, qua dd xoa dan khoing d c h giUa dich vy quIn ly CTR dd thj va cdng t i e quIn ly CTR vijng ndng thdn.
- Gili q u y l t dupe nhdng tdn tai, bat cap trong cdng t i e quIn ly CTR vung ven do hien nay.
Viec ap dung md hinh nhu da gidi thieu se cd du d i l u kien d l quIn ly tdt CTR sinh hoat phat sinh tren dm ban huyen. Rac thai dUOc thu gom v l xd ly se l l m g i l m t h i l u d n h i l m , mang lai d n h quan trong lanh vk d i m b i o mdi trudng sinh t h l i cho ngUdi dan trong huyln.
b/ Ve xa hoi
Nlng cao chat lupng sdng cCia ngudi dan khu ven dd. TI ii ngudi d i n mac d c benh lien quan den d nhiem se giam. Sdc khde va ddi sdng cua ngudi d i n ngly d n g dupe quan tam va d i thien. Viec tao ra mdt mdi trudng xanh, sach, dep se nlng cao dupc y thdc b i o ve mdi trUdng eda ngudi dan. Cac hoat ddng t u y i n truyin, giao due dupe thuc h i l n thudng xuyen tai elc phudng/xa nhIm khuyin khich ngudi d i n thUe hien md hinh.
c / V l k i n h t e
Thuc hien md hinh ed the tan dung dupc ngudn tai nguyin do ap dung cdng n g h i tai ehl, tai sd dung c h i t t h l i . Q u i trinh p h l n loai rIc t h l i tai ngudn da tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho cdng tac thu gom v l xd ly CTRSH, tir dd cd the t i l t kiem dupe chi phi v I n ehuyin va chi phi xd ly.
Tai lieu tham k h I o :
1. Vu Hoan, Phgm Vdn Khdnh (2011), Chdt lugng mdi trUdng vd bien phdp BVMT thdnh phdHd Ndi;
2. Tudn Luang (2012), Xa hdi hda Id gidi phdp khd quan nhdt;
3. Quyet dinh s6 16/2013/QD-UBND ngdy 03/6/2013. Quy dinh qudn ly CTR thdng thudng trin dia bdn TP. Hd Ndi, UBND TP. Hd Ndi;
4. Nguyen Hdng Tiin, Qudn ly chdt thdi vung ven dd vd nhdng thdch thdc, Tgp ChiXdy dung so 7/2011.
'Chu tich UBND Qudn Hd Bdng, Hd Ndi
3 4 HQC VI£N CAN BO ©UAN Vi XAY Dl^JG VA DO THI
