Khoa hoc Gido due- Ngli i n ciiu
H € T H O N G C A C G M I P H f l P C H U V € U T H U C H I € N P H O C f i P G I R O D U C C H O C H C V U N G K H O K H f i N
• i THS. TRjNH TH| ANH HOA Trung tarn nghien cuu Quan li Giao due
^ h d cap giao due (PCGD) la mpt trong nhung I nhiem vu quan trong cua giao due phd thong Viet Nam trong thdi ki thuc hien CNH va HOH.
Chinh vi vay, Dang, Chinh Phu, Nha nUdc, Bp Giao due & Dao tao da ban hanh rat nhieu cac van ban chi dao viec thdc hien PCGD va da cd rat nhieu chuong trinh, du an uu tien dau tu cho viec thuc hien PCGD. Tinh den thang 7/2009, ca nude da cd 47/63 tinh thanh dat chuan PCGD tieu hpc dung dp tudi va 55/63 tinh thanh dat chuan PCGD trung hpc cd sd (THCS) [2]. Hau het cac tinh chda dat chuan la cac tinh mien nui, vung sau, vung xa. Chat lUdng cong tac PCGD THCS chda cao, nguy cd tai mu chu va mat
chuan vin con tiem an d mpt sdtinh. Oe dat muc tieu den nam 2010 ca nddc hoan thanh PCGD THCS [3] can cd he thdng giai phap hdu hieu thuc hien PCGD dac biet cho cac vung khd khan, vung sau, vung xa. Oe tim hieu mdc dp can thiet va tinh kha thi cua cac giai phap, chung toi da tien hanh mpt nghien cdu, trung cau y kien cua 269 can bp quan li (CBQL) va 499 giao vien (GV) cua 3 tinh Hoa Binh, Ha Giang va Yen Bai. Ddi vdi mdi giai phap, CBQL, GV danh gia va dien vao mdc can thiet theo 3 mUc dp (Khong can thiet, it can thiet va can thiet) va tinh kha thi cung theo 3 mdc dp (khong kha thi, it kha thi va kha thi). Ket qua tinh toan bang thang do Likelihood1 d Bang 1 nhusau:
Bang 1. Y kien CBQL ve mire do can thief va kha thi cua cac giai phap chu yeu thuc hien PCGD cho vung khd khan
TT Nhdm giai phap
Mdc dp
can thiet Mdc dd kha thi
TT Nhdm giai phap
CBQL GV CBQL GV Nhdm giai phap 1. Dam bao viec thuc hien muc tieu, ke hoach PCGD
1 Dua cdng tac PCGD vao trong cac Nghi quyet, Chi thi, Chuong trinh hanh dpng cua cac cap uy Dang, HOND, Uy
ban nhan dan. 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97
2 Xay dung ke hoach tdng the phat then giao due va cac ch?
tieu ke hoach dat chuan PCGD, ke hoach md cac Idp
PCGD chi tiet den tdng xa. 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.94
3 Cung cd Ban ch? dao ve PCGD tinh den huyen va xa, cd ke hoach phan cong nhiem vu, theo doi tied dp, kip thdi
giai quyet nhdng khd khan nay sinh trong qua trinh PCGD. 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.97 4 Giam sat, kiem tra, danh gia, dpng vien, khen thddng kip
thdi va thddng xuyen nhdng tap the, ca nhan cd thanh tich
trong qua trinh thdc hien PCGD. 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.97 5 To chdc giao luu hpc hdi kinh nghiem gida cac ddn vi thdc
hien PCGD. 0.93 0.93 0.98 0.97
1 Neu cau tra loi phai lua chon 1 trong k muc do da sap thirtu (tang dan hoac giam dan) thi do do Likelihood duac tinh bang:
n, *0 + «2 *1 + ... + n. *(k - 1) {k-l)*N
tham gia tra Idi.
, trong do n„ n2 nk lan luot la tan so Ida chon 6 cac mdc 1, 2 k; N la tong so nguoi
32 KHGD sd 55, thdng 4 - 2010
Nhom giai phap 2. Dam bao so luong va chat luong PCGD 1 Thuc hien tot cong tac dieu tra, lap ho so cac ddi tupng
trong dien PCGD. 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97
2 Huy dpng hpc sinh trong dp tudi ra Idp, ngan chan hien tupng hpc sinh bd hpc, han che ti le lUu ban, nang cao t? le hpc sinh tot nghiep tieu hpc va THCS^
0.99 0.99 0.91 0.93 3 To chdc va quan li va tot cac trudng cd hpc sinh ban tru
dan nuoi. 0.97 0.97 0.91 0.91
4 Bd sung va hoan thien ndi dung chudng trinh giao due 0,90 0.91 0.89 0.91 Nhdm giai phap 3. Nang cao chat luong ddi ngu giao vien
1 Xay dung ke hoach dao tao dpi ngu giao vien du ve so
lddng, chat lupng ddng bp d cac mdn hpc. 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.97 2 Xay ddng chinh sach tang cudng dpi ngu GV cho vung
khd khan 0.99 0.97 0.88 0.82
Nh 1
dm giai phap 4. Ve quan li CSVC va tai chinh
Quy hoach mang Iddi trudng, Idp d cac xa, cum xa, da dang hda cac loai hinh trudng, Idp va hinh thdc hpc tap,
tao dieu kien cho hpc sinh yen tarn hpc tap. 0.95 0.98 0.92 0.91 2 Md cac Idp ban tru, npi tru dan nuoi, Idp nhd va Idp phd
cap cam ban 0.91 0.81 0.88 0.85
3 Tang cddng dau td phat trien giao due; sd dung va quan li
tai chinh cd hieu qua 0.98 0.98 0.91 0.91
Nhdm giai phap 5.Tang cudng sutham gia cua cac luc luong xa hdi 1 Tang cddng cdng tac tuyen truyen de nang cao nhan thdc
trong cdng ddng ve y nghTa, tarn quan trong cua cong tac
PCGD.' 0.99 0.99 0.92 0.87
2 Phoi hop vdi chinh quyen dia phddng quan li hp khau, hp tich, chi giai quyet cho di lam an xa khi hoan thanh PCGD THCS, cd quy dinh dien 15-18 tudi dddc phep hanh nghe khi tot nghiep THCS
0.95 0.92 0.89 0.85 3 Cac doan the can dda ra chi tieu viec tham gia van dpng
hpc sinh ra Idp gan vdi viec xem xet thi dua tap the va ca
nhan 0.97 0.92 0.87 0.86
0.79 4 Xay ddng chinh sach hd trd gia lang, trddng ban, bp dpi
bien phong de van dpng duy tri cac Idp phd cap. 0.94 0.92 0.88 0.86 0.79 5 Xay ddng chinh sach ho trp hpc sinh ngheo ve Iddng thdc,
tien mua sach vd va do dung hpc tap 0.99 0.99 0.89 0.86 6 Xay ddng chddng trinh cpng ddng tham gia ho trp cong tac
phd cap GD 0.98 0.97 0.83 0.85
7 Xay ddng chddng trinh hoat dpng thanh nien tinh nguyen
tham gia cdng tac PCGD 0.90 0.89 0.96 0.93
a) Doi vdi nhdm giai phap 1 ve dam bao viec thuc hien muc tieu, ke hoach PCGD.
Nhdm giai phap 1 bao gom 5 giai phap, ca 5 giai phap deu dddc CBQL, GV cua cac xa kho khan cua 3 tinh Hoa Binh, Yen Bai, Ha Giang khang dinh la can thiet vdi mdc danh gia theo thang do Likelihood td 0,93 den 0,99. Giai phap dddc tat ca CBQL, GV danh gia cao nhat dd la giai phap 1 "Dda cdng tac PCGD vao trong cac Nghi quyet, Chi thi, Chddng trinh hanh dong cua cac cap uy Oang, HOND, UBND". Giai phap nay dddc tat ca CBQL cua 2 tinh Yen Bai va Ha Giang khang dinh la can thiet (Chi so likelihood dat tdi da la 1,00). Sd quan tarn chi dao thddng xuyen cua cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen, sd quan tarn cua cac td chdc chinh tri- xa hoi la yeu to quyet dinh trong viec thdc hien cac muc tieu PCGD. Cac chi thi cua tinh uy, ke hoach cua UBND tinh cd tac dong rat tich cdc, hieu qua trong viec nang cao nhan thdc cua cac td chdc chinh tri - xa hpi, cua nhan dan ve trach nhiem va nghTa vu ddi vdi sd nghiep giao due ndi chung cung nhd ddi vdi cong tac PCGD ndi rieng.
Ket qua trdng cau y kien cua CBQL, GV vung khd khan ve van de nay cho thay da so CBQL, GV deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (Chi so likellihood dat 0,98 va 0,97).
Kinh nghiem nhdng nam chi dao phat then giao due d vung khd khan trong ca nddc da chi ra rang, d d|a phddng nao ma cap uy Dang va chinh quyen dda ra dddc nhdng giai phap manh me, chi dao sat sao, kiem tra ddn ddc thddng xuyen thi phong trao giao due d dd phat then, cho du tinh dd con nhieu khd khan.
Viec xay ddng ke hoach tdng the phat then giao due va cac chi tieu ke hoach dat chuan PCGD, ke hoach md cac Idp PCGD chi tiet den tdng xa cung la giai phap dddc CBQL, GV khang dinh la can thiet de cd the thdc hien PCGD d cac vung khd khan (Chi so likelihood 0,96 va 0,95).
Viec xay ddng ke hoach tdng the phat then giao due va cac chi tieu ke hoach dat chua'n PCGD, ke hoach md cac Idp PCGD chi tiet den tdng xa se giup cho cac dja phdOng chu dong trong viec thdc hien muc tieu, huy dong cac nguon Idc de thdc hien va dac biet giup cho cong tac kiem tra cdng nhan cac ddn vi dat chuan phd cap cO cd sd vdng chac, kip thdi. Ket qua trdng cau y kien
CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi so Likelihood dat 0,96 va 0,94).
Cung cd Ban chi dao ve PCGD tinh den huyen va xa. cd ke hoach phan cong nhiem vu, theo ddi tien do, kip thdi giai quyet nhdng khd khan nay sinh trong qua trinh PCGD, cung la giai phap dddc CBQL, GV danh gia la rat can thiet (Chi sd Likelihood dat 0,95 va 0,97). De dat dddc muc tieu PCGD THCS vao nam 2010, Chinh phu da ban hanh cac quyet dinh, cac chi thj ve cong tac nay. Cung cd Ban chi dao vdng manh la dieu kien quan trong de duy tri va thuc day cong tac PCGD. Kinh nghiem PCGD thanh cong d mot sd tinh cho thay, Ban chi dao PCGD cac cap phai cd sd phan cdng trach nhiem, cd ke hoach, muc tieu, giai phap cu the va djnh ki hpp kiem diem rut kinh nghiem ve cdng tac PCGD.
Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang djnh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,97 va 0,97).
Ben canh cac giai phap tren, giai phap
"Giam sat, kiem tra, danh gia, dpng vien, khen thddng kip thdi va thddng xuyen nhdng tap the, ca nhan cd thanh tich trong qua trinh thdc hien PCGD" va "To chdc giao Idu hpc hdi kinh nghiem gida cac don vj thdc hien PCGD" cung la cac giai phap dddc CBQL va GV khang djnh la can thiet (Chi so likelhood deu td 0,93 trd len).
Tom lai, tat ca cac giai phap trong nhdm giai phap 1 ve dam bao viec thdc hien muc tieu va ke hoach PCGD dda ra deu ddpc CBQL va GV khang djnh la can thiet vdi chi sd likelihood td 0,87 den 1 va deu mang tinh kha thi vdi chi so likelihood td 0,94 den 0,99.
b) Doi vdi nhdm giai phap 2 ve dam bao so luong va chat lupng PCGD.
Ca 4 giai phap trong nhdm nay deu ddpc CBQL, GV cua cac xa khd khan cua 3 tinh khing djnh la can thiet vdi mdc danh gia theo thang do Likelihood td 0,83 den 1. Giai phap
"Huy dpng hpc sinh trong dp tudi ra Idp, ngan chan hien tddng hpc sinh bd hpc, han che ti le Idu ban, nang cao ti le hpc sinh tot nghiep tieu hpc va THCS" la giai phap ddpc CBQL va GV danh gia cao nhat trong 4 giai phap cua nhom
34 KHGD so 55, thdng 4 - 2010
ghier curu •Khoa hoc Gido due (Chi so Likelihood dat 0,99). Day la giai phap cd
ban de cd the thdc hien muc tieu PCGD. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,97 va 0,97).
Tiep den la giai phap "Thdc hien tot cdng tac dieu tra, lap hd so cac ddi tddng trong dien PCGD" dddc CBQL va GV danh gia can thiet (chi so Likelihood dat 0,98). Thdc te cho thay viec nam vdng dan so trong dp tudi, dac biet la ddi tddng trong dien PCGD la mpt trong nhdng dieu kien de thdc hien thanh cdng viec huy dpng tre ra Idp. Ket qua dieu tra phd cap da giup cac nganh lap ke hoach, dieu chinh ke hoach va dd bao kha nang dat chuan ve PCGD THCS, dac biet giup cho cdng tac kiem tra cdng nhan cac ddn v| dat chuan phd cap cd cd sd vdng chac, kip thdi. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay co tinh kha thi cao (chi so Likelihood dat 0,91 va 0,93).
Giai phap "To chdc va quan li va tot cac trddng cd hpc sinh ban tru dan nuoi" ddpc da sd CBQL, GV khang dinh la can thiet (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,97". Thdc te cho thay ddi vdi vung khd khan, khoang each td nha den trddng xa, giao thdng kern phat then, dieu kien di lai rat khd khan dac biet vao mua ddng, do dd viec xay ddng cac trddng theo md hinh ban tru dan nuoi, tao dieu kien cho hpc sinh d vung sau, vung xa trong viec hpc tap. Tuy nhien, do dieu kien CSVC con nhieu khd khan nen hau het cac trddng chi td chdc hpc 1 buci/ngay, neu viec quan li va td chdc tot, dac biet td chdc cac shapt dpng ngoai gid len Idp cho hpc sinh se tao giup cac em luyen tap them ve van hda nhat la tieng Viet va them yeu trddng, yeu Idp, khong bd hpc.
Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,91 va 0,91).
Giai phap "Bd sung va hoan thien npi dung chddng trinh giao due" cung dddc hau het cac CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet. Thdc te, chddng trinh giao due hien nay con chda thdc sd gan vdi dieu kien kinh te- xa hpi, va chda thdc sd phu hdp vdi vung mien, dac biet ddi vdi cac vung
khd khan. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi so Likelihood dat 0,89 va 0,91).
Tom tai, ca 4 giai phap trong nhdm giai phap ve dam bao so Idpng va chat Idpng PCGD deu ddpc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet vdi chi so Likelihood dat td 0,83 den 1 va kha thi vdi chi so Likelihood dat td 0,84 den 0,99.
c) Doi vai nhdm giai phap 3 ve nang cao chat luong doi ngu GV.
Nhdm giai phap 3 bao gdm 2 giai phap, ca 2 giai phap deu ddpc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet vdi chi so Likelihood td0,91 den 1. Oac biet, giai phap "Xay ddng ke hoach dao tao dpi ngu GV du ve sd Idpng, chat Iddng ddng bp d cac mdn hpc" ddpc gan nhd 100% CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet (Chi so Likelihood dat den 1). Mpt trong nhdng nguyen nhan gay khd khan cho cdng tac PCGD tai cac vung kho khan dd la thieu GV. Thieu GV da lam anh hddng rat Idn den Idc Iddng lam cdng tac phd cap [4]. Mac du trong nhdng nam qua, nha nddc da dau td CSVC, bd tri dpi ngu GV de thdc hien PCGD.
Tuy nhien do chda xay ddng ke hoach dao tao dpi ngu GV du ve sd Iddng, dam bao chat Iddng nen mpt so xa khd khan chda du GV va chda ddng bp ve cd cau GV, nhieu vung thieu GV Nghe thuat, The due va Tieng Anh. Vi vay, xay ddng ke hoach dao tao dpi ngu GV du ve sd Idpng, chat Iddng ddng bp d cac mon hpc la giai phap can ban. Vi vay, nang cao chat Idpng doi ngu GV lam viec lam het sdc can thiet. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,94 va 0,99).
Ben canh cong tac xay ddng ke hoach dao tao dpi ngu GV, viec xay ddng chinh sach tang cddng dpi ngu GV cho vung khd khan cung la giai phap ddpc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet (chi so likelihood dat td0,91 den 1). Thdc te cho thay, dpi ngu GV (Idc Iddng ndng cot thdc hien PCGD) hien dang thieu ve so IdOng chung loai va con yeu ve chat Iddng trong khi nhiem vu cua hp rat nang ne: vda bao dam day chddng trinh trung hpc chinh quy d nha trddng, vda phai day chddng trinh phd cap cho cac ddi tdpng
Khoa hoc Gido due-
khac trong dp tudi d ngoai nha trddng. Trong khi dd, viec huy dpng cac Idc Iddng ngoai nha trddng tham gia day phd cap THCS se gap nhieu khd khan hdn so vdi day phd cap tieu hpc va xoa mu chd do chddng trinh bao gdm nhieu bp mon khoa hpc cd tinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cao hdn. Day la trd ngai Idn nhat ddi vdi viec hoan thanh phd cap THCS dung thdi han tai cac vung khd khan. Vi vay giai phap xay ddng chinh sach de huy dpng GV day Idp phd cap, GV len vung cao, giao sinh tot nghiep chda cd viec lam va cac dpi tinh nguyen tham gia cdng tac phd cap dddc hau het CBQL va GV khao sat nhat tri cao.
Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi (chi so Likelihood dat 0,75 va 0,90).
Tom tai, ca 2 giai phap trong nhdm giai phap ve nang cao chat Iddng dpi ngO GV lam cong tac PCGD deu ddpc CBQL va GV khang d|nh la can thiet vdi chi sd Likelihood dat td 0,91 den 1 va kha thi vdi chi so Likelihood dat td 0,75 den 0,99.
d) Doi vdi nhOm giai phap 4 ve quan li CSVC va tai chinh
Nhdm giai phap 4 bao gdm 3 giai phap, ca 3 giai phap deu dddc CBQL, GV cua cac xa khd khan cua 3 tinh khang dinh la can thiet vdi mdc danh gia theo thang do Likelihood td 0,87 den 0,98. Thdc te cho thay, viec quy hoach mang Iddi cac trddng tren cd sd dd bao phat trien dan so, phat then kinh te xa hpi tao dieu kien cho hpc sinh cd du dieu kien cd ban, tdi thieu de hpc tap cd chat Iddng. Cac y kien danh gia cua CBQL va GV 3 tinh deu nhat tri day la giai phap het sdc can thiet (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,98 va 0,96), khong chi tao dieu kien cho hpc sinh yen tarn hpc tap ma con dam bao chat Iddng giao due toan dien. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi cao (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,92 va 0,91).
Giai phap "Tang cddng dau td phat then giao due; sd dung va quan li tai chinh cd hieu qua" cung dddc hau het CBQL, GV khlng dinh la can thiet (chi so Likelihood dat 0,98 va 0,98).
Thdc te PCGD d mpt sd dia phddng cho thay nhurng ndi sdm hoan thanh PCGD Tieu hpc va
THCS la nhdng noi cd dieu kien kinh te- xa hpi phat then, cd nhieu dieu kien thuan Idi. Do dd, nhdng trd ngai, khd khan ve kinh phi, CSVC deu nhanh chdng ddpc khac phuc. Cac tieu chua'n ma Bp GD & DT quy dinh [1] deu khdng qua cao vdi nhdng ndi nay, nhdng khi then khai dai tra tren ca nddc d mpi mien thi cong tac PCGD da gap phai khong it khd khan, trong dd van de dau tien la kinh phi. Day la kho khan Idn nhat vdi nhdng dia phddng kern phat then ve kinh te, dac biet la vung sau, vung xa. Vi vay, ngan sach nha nddc tap trung hdn cho cac bac giao due vung khd khan. Day la mpt trong cac giai phap hdu hieu dddc CBQL va GV danh gia cao de thdc hien PCGD. Ket qua trdng cau y kien CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay cd tinh kha thi (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,81 va 0,92).
Mpt giai phap nda ddpc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet dd la "Md cac Idp ban tru, npi tru dan nuoi, Idp nhd va Idp phd cap cam ban", chi sd Likelihood dat 0,81 va 0,91. Vung khd khan bao gdm cac xa vung sau, vung xa, vung cao heo lanh, vung bien gidi, ddOdng deo ddc, vung song nddc... di lai rat khd khan. Khoang each cua cac xa den cac khu vdc dpng Idc phat trien tren 20 km. He thdng cd sd ha tang con chda ddpc xay ddng hoac con tarn bp, giao thong rat khd khan, khong cd dddng 6 td vao xa. Cac cdng trinh dien, nddc sach, thuy Idi, trddng hpc, benh xa rat thap kern hoac khong cd. Mat dp dan sd vung khd khan lai rat that thddng la 100 ngddi/km, sd trddng tieu hpc, dac biet trddng THCS lai rat it. Di hpc xa, dddng di hpc khd khan la nguyen nhan bd hpc cua nhieu hpc sinh [4], Day la mpt trong nhdng trd ngai Idn cho cdng tac PCGD THCS. Vi vay, md cac Idp ban tru, npi tru dan nuoi, Idp THCS "nhd" tai cac trudng tieu hpc d cac xa chda cd trddng THCS, PTCS dddc CBQL va GV coi la giai phap can thiet cho cac vung khd khan de thdc hien PCGD. "Mo hinh ban tru dan nuoi" da dddc thdc hien rat tot d nhieu tinh mien nui phia Bac. Tuy nhien, mo hinh nay mdi chi ddng lai d viec cung cap ndi d va ho trd ve an udng cho cac em, chda thdc sd trd thanh ndi hd trp cac em ve mpi mat dac biet ve cac ky nang song, kien thdc ve van hoa, tieng Viet. Tdong td nhd vay, ket qua trdng cau y kien
36 KHGD so 55, thdng 4 - 2010
Mgi nen curu •Khoa hoc Gido due CBQL va GV ve tinh kha thi cua giai phap nay
cho thay, hau het deu khang dinh giai phap nay co tinh kha thi (chi so Likelihood dat 0,88 va 0,85).
Tom tai, ca 3 giai phap trong nhdm giai phap ve quan li CSVC va tai chinh deu dddc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet vdi chi so Likelihood dat td 0,81 den 0,98 va kha thi vdi chi sd Likelihood dat td0,85 den 0,91.
e) Doi vdi nhOm giai phap 5 ve tang cudng su tham gia cua cac luc lupng xa hdi
Nhdm giai phap 5 bao gdm 7 giai phap, ca 7 giai phap deu dddc CBQL, GV cua cac xa khd khan cua 3 tinh Hda Binh, Yen Bai, Ha Giang khang dinh la cac giai phap deu can thiet vdi mdc danh gia theo thang do Likelihood td 0,76 den 1.
Giai phap "Tang cddng cong tac tuyen truyen de nang cao nhan thdc trong cong ddng ve y nghTa, tarn quan trong cua cdng tac PCGD"
la giai phap dddc cac CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet nhat vdi chi so Likelihood dat den va 0,99 va day cung la giai phap ma CBQL, GV khang dinh mang tinh kha thi cao vdi ch? sd Likelihood dat 0,91 va 0,87. Day la giai phap dac biet quan trong ddi vdi cac viec thdc hien PCGD.
Vi nhan thdc cua ddng bao dan toe thap, hp chda hieu het dddc tarn quan trong cua viec cho con di hoc.
Giai phap "Nganh giao due phoi hdp vdi chinh quyen dia phddng quan li hp kha'u, hp tich, chi giai quyet cho di lam an xa khi hoan thanh PCGD THCS, cd quy dinh dien 15-18 tudi dddc phep hanh nghe khi tot nghiep THCS" la giai phap nhan dddc sd ddng tinh va ung hp cua CBQL va GV (chi sd Likelihood dat 0,95 va 0,92). Hpc sinh tudi 15-18 da cd the tham gia lao dong d gia dinh, d dia phddng. Nhieu em da bd hpc sau khi hpc xong tieu hpc, do dd anh hddng khdng nhd den ti le huy dpng hpc sinh ra Idp.
Thdc hien giai phap nay se ngan chan bdt ti le hpc sinh bd hpc va tham gia lao dpng sdm. Giai phap nay cung ddpc CBQL va GV khang dinh mang tinh kha thi (vdi chi so Likelihood dat 0,89 va 0,85).
Giai phap "Xay ddng chdong trinh hoat dpng thanh nien tinh nguyen tham gia cdng tac PCGD " cung la giai phap ddpc CBQL, GV danh
gia la can thiet va mang tinh kha thi cao vdi chi sd Likelihood dat td 0,89 trd len.
Cac giai phap con lai nhd: "Cac doan the can dda ra chi tieu viec tham gia van dpng hpc sinh ra Idp gan vdi viec xem xet thi dua tap the va ca nhan"; "Xay dung chinh sach hd trd gia lang, trddng ban, bp dpi bien phong de van dpng duy tri cac Idp phd cap"; "Xay ddng chinh sach hd trd hpc sinh ngheo ve Iddng thdc, tien mua sach vd va do dung hpc tap"; "Xay ddng chddng trinh cpng ddng tham gia ho trp cdng tac PCGD"
cung deu dddc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet va mang tinh kha thi (chi so Likelihood deu dat td 0,79 trd len).
Tom tai, ca 7 giai phap trong nhdm giai phap ve "tang cddng sd tham gia cua cac Idc Iddng xa hpi" deu dddc CBQL va GV khang dinh la can thiet vdi chi so Likelihood dat td0,89 den 0,98 va kha thi vdi chi sd Likelihood dat td 0,79 den 0,93.
Ket qua, trdng cau y kien ve tinh kha thi cua cac nhdm giai phap cho thay ca 5 nhdm giai phap tren deu dddc CBQL va GV khang dinh cd the thdc hien ddpc PCGD d cac vung khd khan neu cac nhdm giai phap tren ddpc then khai mpt each ddng bp, cd sd phoi hpp chat che gida cac td chdc cd lien quan va phai dddc da dang dddi nhieu hinh thdc phong phu.
TAl LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bp GD & DT (2005), So tay PCGD THCS va bac trung hpc
2. Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Bao cao tong ket nam hpc 2008-2009 phuong hudng, nhiem vu trong tarn cua giao due mam non, giao due pho thong, giao due thudng xuyen va giao due chuyen nghiep nam hpc 2009-2020, Da Nang, 2009.
3. Chinh phu CHXHCNVN (2001), Chien lupc giao due 2001-2010, NXB Giao due.
4. Trinh Thi Anh Hoa (2007), NhUng thuan Ipi va khd khan cua cdng tac PCGD, Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, so 26.
SUMMARY
Education universalization is one of the most impor- tant tasks of the education sector This article gives 5 major groups with 21 solutions for universalization in difficult areas, with analysis of necessity and feasibility of each solution.
