TUOI TRfe - DAT NUdc
QUAN DIEM CUA V.I.LENIN
VE THANH NIEN, DOAN THANH NIEN CONG SAN VA GIAO D y e CHU NGHTA CONG SAN CHO THANH NIEN
, f ^ ? ^
M
udn, xdy dftng thanh cdng ehd nghTa edng sdn, thi phdi hge chft nghTa cdng sdn, de trd thanh ehien sT edng san. D d Id van d l da dftgc V.I.Ldnin - Ngftdi thay ciia each mang vd san thd gidi trong sudt eude ddi hogt ddng each mgng cda minh da ddy cong suy nghT. Quan diem ve thanh nidn, Dodn Thanh nidn Cdng sdn va giao dye edng sdn cho thanh nidn dftdc V.I.Lenin trinh bay trong bdi Didn vdn tgi Dgi hdi Dodn Thanh nidn Cdng sdn todn Nga lan thft ill (ngdy 02 thang 10 ndm 1920) cd tidu dd "3AflAHM C0K)30B MO/lOAEWM - Nhidm vg cua Dodn Thanh nidn", lan dau tidn dftdc cdng bd tren bdo "Sft t h d f cde ngdy 5,6 vd 7/10/1920. C d thd khdi qudt nhftng ludn d i l m ehfnh nhft sau:Mgt t r o n g n h i f n g n h i d m v u q u a n t r p n g h d n g d i u va s u d t d d i d d i v d l t h a n h nien la p h d i : Hgc, hgc nfta, h o c m a i .
Nhidm vg cua thanh nidn la phdi
"hgc", ligc chd nghTa edng sdn de trd thanii c h i l n sT cgng sdn, tham gia xdy dgng xa hdi cdng sdn. Theo Ldnin hgc tdp chd nghTa cgng sdn trftdc h i t va di nhidn thanh nidn phdi thdu thdi dftgc ly ludn cd bdn ve chu nghTa Mac da d l ra, khdng phdi ehf trong sdch giao khoa, trong cdc tdc pham kmh d i l n , d i l u dd Id rat quan trgng v d d n t h i l t . NgUdi eho rang ehd nghTa Mdc cung d p eho chiing ta the gidi quan khoa hgc, nhdn smh quan each mgng, phftdng phdp ludn bidn chftng vd khoa hge cdi bidn cacti mgng; xac di.nh mgc dfch ly tftdng eao dgp va ddng cd dung dan; Phftdng hftdng hanh dgng chfnh xde. Phdi llnh hgi sdng tgo nhftng ngi dung vd xdy dftng chd nghTa cong sdn trong qua trinh hge tdp, lao ddng va d i u tranh cdch mgng dang d i l n ra trong thftc tien cudc sdng, d l tft dd sang tgo nhftng quan diem each mgng, phft hgp vdi thftc tidn. Ldnin da chi ra: "Khdng
ed edng tdc, khdng ed d i u tranh, thi kien thftc sach v d ve chu nghTa cdng sdn rdt ra tft cdc sach vd ede t i e p h i m v l chu nghTa cdng sdn, se khdng cd mdt chdt gid trj ndo d " [ 1 ].
Trong mdi quan hd gdn bo gifta hgc tap vd gido dye ciia thanh nidn, Ngftdi xem xdt sft tdeh rdi gifta ly thuyd't vd thyc tidn Id "mgt ddc d i l m ddc hgi n h i t cua xd hdi tft bdn cu".
Hgc tdp v d lam vide, hgc tap v d d i u tranh g i n bd chdt che vdi nhau trong ke hogch ciia Ldnin v l giao dgc cdng sdn chd nghTa eho thd he trd. Tlieo Lenin, vdi thd he trd, hgc tap, rdn luydn, p h i n d i u trd thdnh ngftdi cdng sdn chdn ehfnh khdng phdi id ngdy mgt, ngdy hai, md dd Id ca mOt qud trinh p h i n dau, rdn luydn, hge hdi Idu ddi. Chfnh vl t h i , khi de edp den nhidm vg cda Dodn Thanh nidn, xuat phdt tft nhftng lgi fch cda edng cude xdy dyng chu nghTa cdng san, Ngftdi da dgy va nhan nhu thanh nidn: "Ngftdi ta chi cd the trd thdnh ngftdi cgng sdn khi bid't lam gidu trf dc cda minh b i n g sft hidu b i l t tat ed nhftng kho tdng tri thftc md nhdn logi dd tgo ra"[2].
Ddng thdi, Ldnin cho rang: Chu nghTa Mde, chd nghTa cgng sdn khdng phdi la mdt phat minh t h u i n
T S . PHAM BA KHOA Giim die Bio ting Tuii tre Vi$t Nam tdy cOa mdt bd de thidn tdi, tdeh khdi hoan d n h Ijch sft xa hdi md khdng cd m i l quan hd gl d i n kiln thftc lodi ngftdi; chd nghTa Mdc Id k i t qud d i i n ra tft k i l n thftc dd. Chfl nghTa Mde - ehd nghTa cdng sdn id sft phat t r i l n logic cd tfnh qui ludt t i t yd'u eCia tat ed nhftng tinh hoa nhdn logi dftdc vdn dgng mdt cdch sdng tao vdo hodn ednh Ijeh sft cy the, n h i m gidi quydt dung d i n nhftng v l n dd vd sft nghidp d c h mgng cda 'giai e l p cdng nhdn rdt ra, d l thgc hidn each mgng gidi phdng mgi dp bftc giai d p , ddn tdc, xdy dftng mdt xd hdi mdi, tidn b d , ddn chd hdn, mang Igi cho nhdn ddn ddi sdng tii do, am no, hgnh phuc, thftc sft vdn [minh, tidn bd.
Tft thftc tidn cugc sdng va phong trdo each each mgng sdi sgc cua nftdc Nga sau Cdch mgng Thdng 10 ndm 1917, sau hdn hai ndm diu tranh chdng thft trong, gi$c ngoai va t i l n hanh xdy dftng xd hdi mdi, Ldnin eho r i n g , van d l edn bdn eda vide giao dgc va hge tdp chfl nghTa cgng sdn cho thanh nidn Id phdi nghidn cftu qudn tri^t dftdng ldi, ehfnh sdeh cda Ddng, nhftng nhiem vg phdt tridn kinh td - xa hgi cda dat nftdc, trong nhQng diSii kidn, hodn cdnh ljch sft eg thd t h i nao dd cho t h i l t thyc. Vi dftdng ldi, nhidm vy nay la sft van dyng sang tgo chd nghTa Mac, chij nghTa cong sdn vdo trong hodn cdnh cy t h i cda mdi nftdc. Ngftdi n h l n mgnh;
"Chdng ta bid't r i n g khdng t h i xdy dyng xa hdi cdng sdn chCi nghTa nlu khong khdi phgc cdng nghidp vd ndng nghidp, nhftng khdng phdi la khdi phgc nguydn nhfteu. Phdi khfii phyc edng nghidp va ndng nghidp trdn mdt cd s6 hidn dgi. phft hdp vdi nen khoa hgc tdi tdn n h l r [ 3 ] . Ngftdi n h l n mgnh tnang bdi d i l n vdn trftdc g i n 600 dgi b i l u Dodn TNCS dft Dai hdi: "Cdc ddng chf hodn t d n hieu r i n g didn khf hda khdng thd do nhftng ngftdi md chft thftc hidn dftdc, md chl bidt chft thai cDng khdng dCi" [4].
tiianh men so 37 - THANG 10/2015 (Kyi)
TU6| TRi - DAT Nac3C
Ngay khi cdch mgng gianh t h i n g ldi, Lenin y d u c l u tat ed d c ddng vien cdng sdn vd dodn vidn thanh nidn K d m x d m d n phdi hgc cdch Idm kinh te v d hgc tdp kinh nghigm cda ede nhd tft bdn. Ngudi cho r i n g : "Tat cd cac ddng chi phdi lam kinh t l . Bdn cgnh cdc ddng ddng chf se cd cdc nhd tft bdn, cung se cd cdc nhd tft bdn nftdc ngodi... hg se qud cCia d e ddng chf nhftng mdn lgi nhu$n Idn tdi hdng tram p h i n trdm; Hg sd lam giau bdn eanh cdc ddng chf. Cft dd chg hg Idm gidu; Cdn cdc ddng chf thi se hge dftgc d bgn hg each qudn ly kinh t l , ehi cd nhu the, d e ddng ehf mdi xdy dftng dftdc nftde cdng hda xa hdi ehd nghTa"[5].
Theo Ldnin, cd ba kd thu ehfnh cda ehfnh q u y l n Xd vidt cung nhft nhftng ngftdi edng sdn chdn chfnh v d dodn vien k d m x d m d n khi mdi gidnh dftgc ehfnh q u y l n dd la: "Kd thu thft nhat - Tfnh kidu nggo cdng sdn; kd thu thft hai - Ngn mft chft; Kd thd thft ba - Ngn hdi Id". Tft ngn md chft edn khd phd bien cCia nftdc Nga thdi Sa Hodng, nay c h u y i n sang c h l dd mdi, thi theo Ldnin "rat khd ed t h ^ ndi d i n gido dye chinh trj...
Mdt ngftdi khdng b i l t chft Id ngftdi dftng ngoai ehfnh tri"[6].
Vi chu nghTa cgng sdn Id xd hdi tdt dep nhftng chfta thdnh hidn thftc, mudn ed nd thi phdi xdy dftng, phdi hge tap va do d d , theo Ldnin: "Dodn Thanh mdn va toan thd thanh nidn ndi Chung mudn di theo ehCi nghTa c$ng sdn, thi d i u phdi hgc chu nghTa edng sdn"[7]. Mdt khdc, theo Ldnin: "Neu hge chii nghTa cdng sdn chi Id n i m duge d i da trinh bdy trong cdc tdc p h i m vd sach v d ndi v l ehd nghTa cgng san thi chftng ta r i t dd tgo ra nhi/ng tdn mgt sdch hay nhftng kd khoac lac v l chd chd nghTa cdng sdn va nhft the thi thftdng Id nguy hgi vd tdn that cho Chung ta"[81.
V d nhft vdy, khi mgt ngftdi thanh nidn tidn tid'n gia nhdp Doan Thanh nidn Cgng sdn va cd giae ngd edng sdn, thee Ldnin, thi ngftdi dd "... da nhdn nhidm vy giftp ddng xdy dftng ehii nghTa cdng sdn va giup tcdn thd thd he trd xdy dftng xa hdi cdng sdn ehd nghTa. "Hg phdi h i l u rdng d i l u dd chi ed t h i thftc hidn dftgc trdn cd sd mgt nen hge v l n hign dgi, vd n l u hg khong cd ndn hgc v l n d d , thi chCi nghTa cdng sdn v l n chf la mdt nguydn vgng md thdi"[9].
Gan nhidm vg ciia Ooan TNCS vd qud trinh hpc t$p, gido dgc va ren luygn ciia thanh nidn vdi cupc dau tranh cOa nhQng ngUdi v d sdn va n h l n ddn lao ddng.
Gido dye ly tudng vd dgo dftc cdng san chd nghTa cho thanh nidn thftc hidn cho dftdc m y c tidu cdch mgng, b i l t ddt ldi fch cda tap thd, cua T d qudc Idn trdn lgi fch cd nhdn; P h i n d i u hi sinh, mang hd't nhidt tinh each mgng, tri thftc, ndng Ifte, nghj Iftc, y chf, n i l m tin phgc vy cdeh mgng vd nhdn ddn; Ld sft b i l u hidn vd Idng trung thanh doi vdi D d n g , vdi d i t nftdc vdi dan tgc;
chdm lg hgc tdp, tidp thu khoa hge ky thudt, vdn dyng sang tgo trong lao ddng sdn x u l t , hogt ddng xd hdi, xdy dftng dd't nftdc.
Theo Ldnin, Dang Cgng sdn vd td chftc Dodn Thanh nidn Cdng sdn phai gan nhidm vu cCia Dodn TNCS vd qud trinh ligc tdp, gido dye vd rdn luydn cua thanh nidn vdi cude d i u tranh cua nhftng ngftdi vd sdn vd nhdn ddn lao ddng. Rang: "Thd he thanh nidn c h i e d t h i hgc chd nghTa cdng sdn khi b i l t g i n l i i n tftng bftdc hge t ^ p , gido dye vd ren tuydn cfta minh vdi cude dau tranh khdng ngftng cda nhftng ngftdi vd sdn v d nhftng ngftdi lao ddng chdng lgi xd hgi cu cda bgn bde l d r [ 1 0 ] .
Dg d d , Ngftdi ydu cau: Cdng tdc gido dgc thanh nidn cdng sdn khdng phdi la ndi eho hg nghe nhftng bdi didn vdn dm dju hay Id nhftng phdp t i c dgo dftc. Khdng phdi cdi dd Id gido dgc... Va Ldnin t i l p tge k h l n g djnh: Chung ta khdng tin vdo vide rdn luydn, gido dgc vd hgc tap neu nhftng vigc dd chi ddng khung trong nhd trftdng va tdeh rdi eude song sdi ndi. Chftng ndo edng nhdn va ndng ddn cdn bj bgn dja chd vd bgn tft bdn dp bftc, chftng ndo nhd trftdng cdn d trong tay bgn dja chd va bgn tft bdn, thi t h i hd thanii nidn cdn dui md v d tdm td'i. Nhd trftdng cua chung ta phai dem Igi cho thanh nidn nhftng kien thftc cd bdn, dgy cho hp b i l t tft tgo ra nhftng quan d i l m edng sdn, v d phdi dao tgo hg thanh nhftng ngftdi cd hgc thftc. Nha trftdng cda Chung ta phdi Idm eho thanh nidn, trong khi hgc tdp, tr& thanh nhftng ngftdi tham gia cugc d i u tranh gidi phdng nhftng ngftdi b| bdc I d t "Doan Thanh nidn Cdng sdn chi xftng ddng vdi danh hidu cda nd Id dodn the cda thd hd cdng sdn trd tudi. neu
g i n l i l n tftng bftdc hge tap, giao dye vd ren luydn eda minh vdi vide tham gia cudc dau tranh chung cua t i t ed nhQng ngftdi lao ddng chdng Igi bgn b d c l d f [ 1 1 ] .
Theo Ngftdi, Doan Thanh nidn Cdng sdn phdi vftng mgnh va dftdc td chftc tdp hgp thanh nidn 6 k h i p mgi ndi, tren mgi ITnh vftc ed thanh nidn dd tap hgp, dodn k i t thanh nidn hge tdp, gido dgc chd nghta cdng sdn. Dodn phdi ludn td ra gftdng m l u , ddi mdi, tidn phong, trd thanh td chftc tidn t i l n eua qudn ehung thanh nidn, trftdng hpc cdng sdn chd nghTa cua thanh n i l n , ngftdi bdo vd ldi fch v d q u y l n lam chCi chfnh ddng, phd hpp vdi phdp ludt nhd nftdc. Doan Thanh nidn phdi g i n nhidm vg cda Doan va qud trinh hgc tdp, gido due va rdn luydn cda thanh nidn vdi cude d i u tranh cda nhftng ngftdi vd sdn vd nhdn ddn lao ddng va dgt trong mdi quan hd khdng khft, rudt thit vdi Odng Cdng sdn va giai d p vd sdn. Ddng thdi, giai c i p vd sdn v d ddi t i l n phong eda nd Id Ddng COng sdn phdi ddo tao, bdi dftdng nhftng ngftdi trd tudi trong ddi ngu cua minh thdnh nhftng ldnh ty chfnh trj de ldnh dgo td chftc vd phong trdo.
Tft nghidn cftu Ijeh sft vd thftc tidn edeh mgng eua cdc nftdc cung nhft phong trdo each mgng sdi dgng cda nftde Nga, Ldnin da nhdn djnh rSng: 'Trong Ijeh sd, chfta h i ed glai cap ndo gianh dftdc quydn t h i n g tri, neu nd khdng ddo tgo ra dftdc trong hang ngu cda minh nhftng lanh tg ehfnh t q . nhftng dgi b i l u tien phong cd dd khd nang td chftc va lanh dgo phong trdo"[12].
Tft quan d i l m eho r i n g thanh nidn se la Iftc Iftpng quan trgng, v d quyet dmh trong sft nghidp xdy dgng xa hdi cdng sdn ndn Ngftdi da chi dgo nhftng ngftdi cdng sdn bdn sd vfeh, rang: "Chdng ta phdi dao tgo nhftng ngftdi sdn sdng h i l n cho cdch mgng, khdng phdi ehl nhftng budi tdi rdi vide cua hg, ma t i t cd eude ddi hg"[13].
p<em tiep ky 2 dang trdn TCTN s6 39) 1, 2, 3,4, 7,8, 9, 10, 11 V.I.Linin: Toin tip, Nxb.Tiin bo, Matxcdva, T.41, tr.358, 362.364, 364, 357, 358, 365, 371,372
5, 6 V.I.Linin: Sdd. T.44. tr.209. 218.
12, 13 V.I.Linin: Sdd, tip 4, tr. 473.
474.
SO 3 7 - T H A N G 10/2015
