Thilc tieh - Kinh nghiem
Quan iy tai nguyen nudfc d Can Thu
Y
iia qua, TP. Cin Tha da to chffc chuang trinh ky niim Ngay Nudc thigidi nam 2013. Nhan djp nay, Tap chi TN&MT da cd cudc trao ail vdi dng Nguyen Van Sff- Giam doe Sd TN&MT TP. Cin Thd vi mdt so vin di lien quan din thue tiang vd bien ph^ quan ly nguin TNN tiong thdi gian qua.PV: Ong ed thi cho biit thuc trang ngudn tai nguydn nudc tai TP. Can Tha hien nay nhu thi nao?
Ong Nguyen Van Suf: TP.
Can Tho la trung tam vung Dong bang sdng Ci!fu Long, la eda ngd giao luu chfnh eda vung Tay Nam sdng Hau vdi viing TU giac Long Xuydn, vung Bae sdng Tiln va vung kinh te trpng dilm phia Nam.
Dan sd Can Tho nam 2011 tren 1,2 tridu ngudi vdi long dien tieh hon 140 nghin ha chiem 3,46%
tdng dien tieh loan vung Ddng bang sdng Cdu Long, dia gidi hanh ehinh cac quan, huyen; 85 phudng.
xa va thj tran. Nguon TNN tai TP, Can Tho ehd ye'u ed hai ngudn' Nudc mat va nudc dUdi da't.
Nudc mat dupe eung cap tU sdng Hau la nhanh phia Tay cua sdng Me Cdng, Sdng Hau la con sdng Idn nha't cda vung vdi tdng chilu dai chay qua TP. Can Tho ta 60km. Luu lupng nudc binh quan chay qua dja phan Can Tha la 14.800m3/giay Ngoai sdng Hau la ngudn eung cap nude ngpt ehinh eho TP. Can Tha, edn ed he thdng cae song, kenh, rach ndi ddng- Sdng Can Tho dai 16km do ra sdng Hau tai Ben Ninh Kieu, sdng Binh Thiiy rach Tra Ndc. rach O Mdn, rach Thdt Ndt, kenh Cat
San... Day la nhdng kdnh rach tdn din nUde tU sdng Hau vao eae vung npl ddng, ed nude ngpt quanh nam, vUa ed tac dung tudi nude trong mua khd, vUa cd tac dung lieu ung trong mua lu va ed y nghta ldn ve giao thdng.
Nude dudi da't ed trd" lupng ddi dao, d cac tang pleistoeen, ptio- cen va miocen. deu cd chat lupng nUdc tdt. Theo nghien eUu eua cac chuyen gia, nudc dudi da't cda TP. Can Tho dupe pho cap rat it, khi khai thae qua mde din de'n can kidt. Hien tai, TP. Can Tho cd hon 32.000 gieng khoan ehCi yeu tu khai thac quy md nhd cua hd gia dinh (khoang Sm^/ngay); 397 gieng quy md trung binh cdng sua't ty SOm^/ngay cho cac tram cap nude tap trung; 31 gieng quy md vUa ed cdng suat (500- lOOOmVngay) phye vy eho eae hoat ddng dich vu va eae co sd san xua't tai khu cdng nghiep va lieu thd cdng nghidp tren dia ban thanh phd.
PV: Thdnh pho Can Tha dang phai doi mat vdi su d nhiim va suy giam eha't lupng cda nguon nudc. Vay. dau la nguyen nhan din den tinh trang nay, thua dng?
Ong Nguyin Van Stir: Trong nhifng nam gan ddy eae hoat ddng tU qua trinh dd thi hoa. phat
triln edng nghiep, tham canh tang vu, nudi trdng thuy san... da phat sinh lupng cha't thai Idn ra mdi trudng, lam eho chit lupng mdi trudng, dae biet la mdi IrUdng nude mat cua thanh phd ngay cang suy giam, xu hudng nay se edn gia tang gay anh hudng Idn den chat lupng mdi trudng nude.
sUe khde eon ngudi, tai nguyen smh vat va phat trien ben viing.
Nguyen nhan d nhilm va suy giam chat luang nUde mat la do:
Ngudn thai tU cac khu dd thi:
Lupng nude thai sinh hoat eua dan thanh phd khoang 1.200m3/ngay dem, diu ehUa cd he thd'ng xd ly tap trung, do true tie'p ra kenh, rach xung quanh gay nen tinh trang d nhidm mdi trudng nudc mat. Hidn thanh phd dang dau tu eai tao, thu * m de xCf ly.
Nguon thai tU khu cdng nghiep (KCN): Hien tai thanh phd cd 06 khu edng nghiep dang hoat ddng, cae khu cdng nghiep deu nam ke can sdng Hau nhung deu chua xay dyng he thd'ng xd ly nude thai tap trung. Cac ea sd san xua't kinh doanh nhd le phan ldn ehua cd he thdng xCf ly nude thai, mdt sd cd sd cd he thd'ng xd ly nude thai nhung chUa dat tieu ehuan mdi trudng Ben canh dd, mdt sd doanh nghidp len xa thai
Tdi nguy§n vg Moi trudng | Kjf 1 - Thang 4/2013 3 1
tryc tiep ra sdng, kenh rach xung quanh din den tinh trang d nhiem ngudn nUdc, anh hudng true tiep de'n cudc sdng con ngUdi.
Ngudn thai tCf chat thai ran:
Thu gom va xd ly chat thai ran d TP. Can Tho ehUa cd quy trinh ky thuat hpp ly va ehua cd bidn phap quan ly td't. Ty Id thu gom chat thai ran loan thanh phd chl khoang 55%, phan cdn lai ngudi dan ty thai ra mdi trudng nhat la eae khu vuc ndng thdn, Cac cd sd y te chua ed he thdng xCf ly nudc thai va rac thai, hay cd nhUng khdng dat quy chuan quy dinh, dang thai ra mdt lupng Idn nude thai va rac thai vao he thdng sdng rach thanh phd.
Ngudn thai tU san xua't ndng nghidp: Nhu cau si!f dyng nude ngay cang tSng do phat triln tang vu trong trdng trpt, chan nudi...
trong khi chua kilm soat chat ehe ve sd lupng va chat lupng nudc eho canh tac ndng nghiep, sd dung nude edn lang phi, ca ca'u cay trdng mua vu ehua phu hpp, he thd'ng IhCiy Ipi ehua dap Ung nhu cau san xua't... vide sd dung thude bao ve thue vat, cdn chUa dung each va thie'u kiem soat. Do dd. din den tinh trang lang phf nude vao mua mua, nhung vao mua khd lai thie'u nudc tram trpng.
Nguon thai tU nudi thdy san:
Viec nudi trdng thuy san (nudi ea tra) theo kilu tU phat, dac biet la d eac quan, huyen ed dat bai bdi ven sdng Hau tren dja ban thanh phd. Hau he't cae vung nudi nay deu khdng danh dien tieh de xd ly nude thai, Id dd din de'n tinh trang d nhilm mdi trudng nudc mat va anh hudng de'n chat iupng nudc dudi dai.
Ke't qua quan trie eho tha'y chat lupng nudc mat cCia thanh phd bi d nhilm huu eo, chat rin lo
\iing va vi sinh. Cae thdng sd ed gia tn vupt gidi han cho phep ciJa quy chuan Viet Nam chidm ly le 47,4% didn tieh, bao gom: TSS, DO, BOD, Amoni, Nitrit, sat long edng va tdng Colifom. V l chat lupng nudc ngam, kd't qua quan trae cho thay chat lupng nUdc dudi da't d khu vyc dan cu bj d nhiem vi sinh va hau he't cac mau ddu bj d nhilm hiiu cd,
PV: Can Tha la Thanh pho effa ngo cCia ca vung ha Iffu sdng Me Cdng, nhiing tac dpng cda bien doi khi hau va nudc bien dang da va dang anh hudng de'n tinh hinh sff dung va quan ty tai nguyen nudc nhu the nao, thua dng?
Ong Nguyen Van Suf: Vdi tac ddng cda han han keo dai cung tu he qua eCia BDKH da anh hudng khdng nho den chat luong ngudn nude, lam giam luu lUpng trong mua khd, mye nudc tai cac ao, hd. sdng la rat tha'p va ndng dp eae chat d nhiem lai tdng, kdt hpp mUe nudc bien dang cao lam eho "ranh ngan man" djch chuyin sau vao dat lien, gay nhiem mdn va lam suy thoai ngudn nudc.
PV: Ong cd thi co biet, trong thdi gian tdi, Sd se cd nhffng giai phap gi nham bao ve hieu qua nguon tai nguyen nude?
Ong Nguydn Van Suf: De bao vd hieu qua ngudn TNN, Sd se da'y manh cdng tae tuydn truyin, phd bie'n phap luat sau va rpng TNN ddn ta't ea mpi dd'i tupng trong djp ky niem Ngay Nudc the gidi 22/3 va theo kd hoach hang nam eua Sd.
Hoan thanh quy hoach TNN mat va TNN dudi dat TP. Can Tha.
Dieu chlnh thue TNN phu hpp vdi gia tn cda TNN, that su la cdng eu SLf dyng ed hieu qua va tie't kidm
(Sd da cd van ban gdi S6 Tai chinh de xuat tang gia tfnh thue TNN di trinh Hdi ddng nhan dan Irong ky hop giiia nam).
Ve nudc thai tai cac khu cdng nghiep tap trung, UBND TP Can Tho da giao cho Cdng ty Cap thoat nude lam ehd dau tu dang xue tidn xay dyng he thd'ng xi!f ly nude thai eda hai khu la Tra Ndc 1 va Tra Ndc 2; cdn cac khu cdng nghiep khac se keu goi dau tu trong thdi gian tdi. Ddi vdi nudc thai sinh hoat tai cae quan trung tam, Thanh phd dang xay dung he thdng xd ly nudc thai tai khu cdng nghiep Nam Can Tho, phan da'u de'n cud'i nam 2013 se hoan thanh va dua vao van hanh.
Ve chat thai ran: Thanh phd dang dam phan vdi eae nha dau tu xay dyng nha may xi!f ly cdng suat 600 lan/ngay de giai quyet lUdng eha't thai ran tai cac quan trung tam. Ben eanh do, thanh pho da ban hanh quye't djnh xa hdi hda cdng tae BVMT va cac nha dau lu cung dang tim hilu dieu kidn d l xdc tien dau tuthem nha may de xay dung them nha may de xd ly sd lupng chat thai ran cdn lai. Ddi vdi ehat thai ran y te, nganh y te eung da va dang yeu cau eae benh vidn chua dap Ung day du cac ydu cau ve BVMT bang nhieu ngudn vdn khae nhau den nam 2015 tat ea eae ca sd y te trdn dja ban thanh phd phai hoan thanh ed ban xd ly nUdc thai va chat thai ran dat tieu chuan mdi trudng.
Tang cudng thanh tra, kiem tra de phat hien cae hanh vi vi pham, tu dd udn nan va chan chinh hoat ddng khai thac va sd dyng TNN dung phap luat.
PV: Xin cam an Ong!
TU PHl/ONG (Thuc hidn)
3 2 Tgi nguyen yg Moi traong | Kyi-Thang 4/2013
