dpng luc thuc day
thi truong di ilong cliau Plii can Saliara tang truong
Ca sd ha ting viin thdng tai chau Phi can Sahaia tiip tuc md rdng vi phit triin tidn cac linh vuc trong diem. Ngudi hdu dimg, eae doanh nghidp, (Aiinh phii va xa hdi deu dang tan dung siic manh tii nhiing sing tao trong Unh vuc cdng nghd thdng tin vi tmyin thong (ICT). Diiu niy keo theo sa 0a ting eua eae edng nghe hen quan vi tao ra tiim ning eho suphit trien manh me eua tin tmong di ddng tai khu vuc niy.
I. T O N G Q U A N T H I T R U ' O N G Du bdo ddn cudi ndm 2014, thi trudng chau Phi e$n Sahara se cd hon 635 tndu thud bao di ddng va se tang Idn khoang 930 tndu vdo cudi nam 2019 [I]. Nhimg thay ddi nhanh chdng ve kinh texa hdi, su cdi tidn Udn tuc vd edng nghe tiong Unh vuc ICT, nhidu thiet hi mdi duoe dua ra thi trudng da thiie ddy su gia tang sd luong thud bao di ddng tiong khu vue. La mdt thi trudng kha nhay cam vd gia nhung hidn nay, ehau Phi can Sahara dang cd su tang trudng ve sd Iuong ngudi sd hiiu dien thoai di ddng ciing nhu didn thoai thdng mmh gia le dang ngay eang phd bidn.
Ty Id tham nhap di ddng d chau Phi can Sahara dang tidn gdn tdi ty Id ehung eua toan cdu. Cu the.
cudi ndm 2013, ty Id cua todn cdu khoang 92%
tiong khi chdu Phi dat duoc xdp xi 70% [I]. Theo sd Udu Uidng kd cudi quy 1/2014 [I], Nigena va Nam Phi vdn Id nhihig qudc gia tiong khu vue ddn ddu vd sd lupng thud bao di ddng, tidp theo Id Kenya, Cdng hda Dan ehu Congo va Ghana.
Sd luong thue bao tra trudc chiem ehu ydu d thi tnidng ehau Phi can Sahara. Thdng ke nam 2013 eho thay [1], 99% thud bao d Nigena sii dung hinh thuc thanh toan tra trude, tidp tiieo la Kenya |98%) va Nam Phi la 83%. Loai hinh thud bao tia tiude nay da gdp phdn lam dn dmh sd Iuong thud bao di ddng eho cac nha khai thae trong khu vuc.
Doanh thu tii viee ehia se dii Udu tidn didn thoai di ddng eua khu vue chau Phi can Sahara vao nam 2018 se tang len gdp hai ldn so vdi nam 2013.
Trong do, ty le sd luong didn thoai thdng mmh duoc su dung so vdi cac loai didn thoai di ddng ndi ehung se tang ldn gap hon 2 ldn, tii 12% nam 2013 ldn 26% nam 2018 [3].
Cd thd thdy, dien thoai di ddng la mdt thidt bi tiuydn thdng duoc lua chon hang dau tiong thi tmdng tieu diing d ehau Phi can Sahara. Chi phi su dung tuong ddi thdp ciia didn thoai di ddng va gia thiet hi hen tue giam da khidn cho didn thoai di ddng tid nen phii hop vdi hdu het eae phan khue khach hang, dac biet khi ma tang Idp trung luu d
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zr
khu vue nay dang cd xu hudng gia tang.
Vide nhieu ngudi dan thude ede tang Idp xa bdi khde nhau tiep cdn duge vdi dien thoai di ddng eho thay tiem nang tang truong sd lugng ngudi su dung didn thoai di ddng 6 khu vue ehau Phi can Sahara.
Khai mdm ky thudt sd da ddn duge vdi nhiing ngudi dan ed thu nhdp tii thap ddn trung binh, ciing nhu nhiing doanh nghidp boat ddng ben ngodi pham vi thanh phd.
Ngan hang di ddng (Mobile Bankmg} la mdt vi du ve eae dich vu ky thuat sd nhu vay, thdng qua didn thoai di ddng, da xam nhap ddn nhiing vimg ndng thdn cdeh rdt xa edc trung tam dd thi, ed siic thu hiit va miic dd su dung rat Idn. Day la nhung khu vuc thudng gap nhieu thdch thuc xa hdi nhu ty Id that nghiep cao, dieu kidn giao thdng kem... nhidu hon so vdi thanh thj. Vi thd, nhiing dieh vu nhu Mobile Bankmg da giiip ngudi dan thuc hien duoe ede giao dich tai chinh vdi ehi phi thap do giam ehi phi di lai.
Cudc each mang di ddng d chau Phi can Sahara van dang tidp tue dien ra ndn ti Ie xam nhap ciia cde thiet hi thdng minh vd didn thogi thdng minh d khu vue nay se edn tidp tuc gia tang. Dieu nay da
thu hiit cac nhd mgng ddu tu tiidn khai cac cdng nghd 3G/4G nham mang lgi trai nghidm dieh vu tdt nhdt cho ngudi dan d khu vuc ndy. Mac du, hidn nay, dai da phan ngudi tidu diing 6 chau Phi cd thu nhgp thap vd hp dang su dung thidt bi di ddng chi ho trg cdng nghe 2G nen GSM se van Id edng nghd chiem uu the trong khu vuc cho den nam 2018. Tuy nhidn, khi nhieu ngudi ddn thodt khoi nghdo ddi vd gia nhap tang ldp trung luu, su cd mat eua cde didn tiioai tiidng minh gia re va di ddng ngdy cdng tid ndn khdng the thieu ddi vdi cudc sdng cua ngudi dan ehau Phi vd nhu vgy, sd Iuong thud bao 3G/4G d till trudng nay se ngdy edng gia tang (Hmh I).
1. Lu'u lUtfng di dong va vung phu song Trong mdt xa hdi ket ndi nhu hidn nay, ngay cang cd nhidu ngudi tieu diing va eae doanh nghidp su dung edc thiet bi nhu dien thoai thdng minh va may tinh bang de thay thd hoae bd sung eho eae edng cu tiong cdng vide hang ngay. Vi du, nhidu ngudi dan d khu cue chdu Phi can Sahara se mua mdt dien thoai di ddng thay cho viec lua chon chide didn thoai cd dinh truyen thdng, vi ngodi vide sir dung tinh nang hdn lac, no cdn duoe su dung dd thuc hidn nhidu tinh nang khdc nhu email, xem tm tiie... Vide gia
MoMa sulMCriptionB, Sub-Saharwi Africa (nMion)
500 tri?u thue bao GSM/EDGE (Hnh den CUOI nam 2013)
) LTEAtSPA/8SM and LTE/COMA
600 trieu thue bao WCDMA/HSPA vao cu5i nam 2019
2010 2011 l O i : 2013 2014 2015 2018 » i r 201B 2010
Thuf bao dl dong chufa tinh din thue bao M2M
Hmh 1: Di^bao s6 thue bao 3G/4G tgi thi tacng chau Phi can Sahara dSn nam 2019 [1].
461
TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (10.2014)Mobie data traffic Sid>-SahBran Africa
2010 2011 2012
Hinh 2; Dif bSo luu luong du lieu di dong tai chau Phi can Sahara d6n 2019 [2]
tdng su dung dl ddng cho vd sd nhung hogt ddng trong cdng vide gidi tii... ddng nghia vdi luu Iuong di ddng se tang len ddng ke tiong nhiing nam tdi.
Su phat tridn eua mgng xa hdi eiing ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng trpng viec thtic ddy gia tang luu luong di ddng d khu vuc chau Phi can Sahara. Cde sd heu thdng kd ve sir dung
dich vu cho thdy, 74% ngudi sir dung mgng xa hdi 6 khu vue ehau Phi can Sahara gui tm nhdn eho ban bd; 62% kiem tra cap nhat eua nhimg ngudi ban; 46% tai hinh dnh/vldeo tii phuong tien truyen tiidng xa hdi va 15% tai ndi dung true tiiydn.
Vdi tdc dd phdt trien nhu vay, luu Iuong truy cap dii hdu di ddng ciia khu vue nay duoc du dodn se tang khoang 20 Idn tiong giai doan 2013 - 2019 trong khi, tidn toan cdu, ty Id tdng trudng chi Id 10 Idn. Vi vay, edc nha khai thae di ddng vd cde ben Udn quan den linh vuc ICT tiong dd cd chinh phu, phai didu hudng su phat tndn cua eo so ha tang phii hpp di ddp ling nhu edu luu lugng ngdy cang tang.
Cdc tilud bao WCDMA/HSPA va LTE se tiep ti^e tang do nhu cdu ve tde do va nang eao dp tm cdy. Trong giai dogn 2013-2019, Nigena, Nam Phi vd Angola du kidn la 3 qudc gia cd sd lugng thud bao LTE Idn nhdt ttong khu vuc, tiong khi Nigena, Nam Phi vd Kenya se ddn
ve sd lugng thud bao WCDMA/HSPA. GSM sd tidp tue la edng nghe ehinh duoc su dung tiong khu vue trong nhiing nam tdi va se phu sdng tdi khodng 80% dan sd vao nam 2019.
Tuy nhien, viing phii sdng WCDMA/HSPA se tang tii 20% nam 2013 len 65% nam 2019. LTE tang tii 5% ttong nam 2013 Idn 40 % nam 2019 (Hinh 3).
2. S I / phat trien cua bang rong di ddng Di ddng bang rdng ttd thanh nhu cdu thidt ydu tiong khu vuc chau Phi can Sahara khi ma su tang trudng cua thi trudng vidn thdng tiong khu vuc phu
2014 2015 2016 am 2018 2019
Hinh 3: So sanh viing phii song 2G -^ 4G 6 chSu Phi c$n Sahara nam 2013 va 2019 [21.
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thudc nhidu hon vdo cac thidt bi di ddng vd xu hudng di ddng hda xa hdi. Tuy nhidn, do su khan hidm phd tan, chdu Phi dang gdp phai nhiing thdch thire nhu tac nghen luu lugng, eham ttd ttong trien khai mgng ludi, chi phi dich vu cao va van dd
chat lugng dich vu. Dd giai quyet nhiing vdn de ndy edn ed su tham gia cua cac bdn hen quan, dac bidt Id ngudi dimg, ehinh phu va ede nha khai thdc.
Gid eude phu hop Id ydu td quan ttpng d khu vue chau Phi can Sahara. Cd tdi 47% ngudi su dung dien thoai di ddng d chau Phi can Sahara cho rang mac dii rd va truy cap dd ddng hon so vdi dudng Intemet ed dinh nhung 0 d eude sii dung dir heu di ddng vdn cdn qud ddt [2]. Do dd, de phdt tridn day du eae dieh vu di ddng tgi khu vue ehau Phi can Sahara, gid cuoc cdn phai duoe giam thieu.
Su xudt hien eua may tmh bang va dien thoai thdng mmh gid re tai thi trudng ehau Phi Id chdt xiic tde eho su phdt tridn da dang ndi dung di ddng.
Cdc ling dung di ddng dang hd tto nhu cdu giai tri, thdng tm Uen lac,... eiia ngudi dimg. Mdt sd iing dung khde dang Idm thay ddi vai ttd ngdnh edng nghiep vd hd trg Uen bd xd hdi ttong khu vuc. Vi du, MedAfnca Id mdt ting dung dien thoai di ddng eung cdp tiidng tm co ban ve siic khde vd y hoc va duoc truy cap thdng qua tat ea didn thoai di ddng - khdng chi Id didn thogi thdng minh. Moi ngudi ed the su dung thdng tin mdt edeh dde lap, lam giam gdnh ndng qud tai cdng vide eiia eae bac si. Trudng hop nhe, bdnh nhdn cd thd sii dung dieh vu MedAfrica dd gidm thieu chi phi di lai va xep hang ttong khi edc bde si cd thd tdp trung vdo trudng hgp bdnh nhan
nang hon. Rd rdng, gia ea phu hgp eho thi trudng ehau Phi c|n Sahara dd ngudi ddn ed the truy edp vdo edc dich vu bang rdng di dgng la mgt didu cdn thiet eho khu vue ndy.
3. Xu hu'dng va dac tinh cua ngu'di tieu dung
Su thu hiit nhanh chdng cua didn thoai thdng minh ttong khu vuc vd ttdn todn cdu da thay ddi each mpi ngudi giao tiep va su dung hitemet. Didu nay eung ldm thay ddi tdt ca ede nganh cdng nghidp khdc. Mdt giai doan mdi ciia vide da dgng hda sii dung dien tiioai tiidng minh da xuat hidn nhanh chdng, khi ngudi tidu dung dang ngay edng ed kha nang cd nhdn hda ndi dung ma hg tmy cap. Moi ngudi dang tim kiem nhung sang tao tii didn thoai di ddng dd eai thidn cudc sdng hang ngay eua hg.
Ngudi su dung didn thoai di ddng d chau Phi can Sahara su dung thidt hi cua hg sudt ea ngdy, tai cde dia didm khde nhau vd eho mdt loat cac hogt ddng. Xu hudng tmy cap dich vu va cac tinh nang ttdn didn thogi di ddng mgi luc, mpi noi Id ddng luc ehinh thue day su dung bang rdng di ddng ttong khu vue. Trong thuc td, da phan ngudi dan 6 khu vuc chau Phi can Sahara tmy cap Intemet bdng rdng di ddng. Cu the, cd tdi 70% ngudi su dung didn tiioai dl ddng tai eae qude gia ducrc khao sdt ttong khu vuc, duydt web tidn cac tiiidt bi ciia hp, so vdi 6% ngudi sii dung may tinh de bdn [2]. Khi cdng nghd vidn thdng ttd tiianh mdt phdn quan ttong ttong cac chiic nang boat ddng eua doanh nghidp va xa hdi, thi eae bdn hen quan nhu ehinh phii vd cde rtiia mang cdn phai phan bd tai nguydn hop IJ nhdm dap iing nhu cdu cua ngudi tidu diing.
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TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 1 0 . 2 0 1 4 )Ngudi tidu tiling ky vong cde dich vu didn thoai di ddng ed thd ndng eao mue dd hai Idng trong mdt sd hoat ddng nhu mua sdm, ngan hang va gidi tri.
Ddng thdi edc dich vu di ddng hoae ky tiiuat sd eQng hd tro eho su phdt tridn eua cdc Iinh vuc nhu ndng nghidp, 0dP due, giao tiidng van tai, y td, thdng tin lidn igc 0tia chinh phu va dia phuong.
I I . D O N G LlJC C H O S U T A N G T R l / C N G 1 . Npi dung v d t h f § t bj
Cd thd thdy, sy 0 a tdng nhanh ehdng cua cac edng nghd gid rd Idy ngudi tidu dung lam tmng tam (dudi 100 USD) nhu didn thogi thdng minh va may tinh bang da ddng mdt vai ttd guan tiong ttong viec thiie ddy tang tmdng ttong thi tmdng di ddng ehau Phi cdn Sahara, dac bidt khi nhidu tiiidt bi ed gia dudi 50 USD sd xudt hidn d khu vue nay tiong vdi nam tdi. Ngodi ra, nhiing kich thieh tang tmong cdn Id kdt qua ciia nhihig ehinh saeh vd gia cude dang ddn dugc didu ehinh theo hudng phii hgp hon vdi d$c didm kmh td ciia khu vuc. Chinh vi vay, ngdy edng cd nhidu ngudi ddn tiong khu vuc ed the sd hftu ridng cho minh mdt ehidc didn thoai de tmy cap Intemet. Do dd, ty ttgng tmy cap hitemet di ddng 6
chau Phi can Sahara da vuot so vdi tray cap Intemet ed dinh.
Dang xudt hidn nhidu eo hdi Idnh doanh mdi tit vide su dung di ddng de tmy cap Internet cua ngudi dan ttong khu vuc.
Cac md hinh kinh doanh mdi phat tridn va da gat hdi duge nhidu thdnh cdng md I mdt tiong sd dd Id su tang tmdng nganh cdng nghiep phdt trien cac iing dung va cac dich vu gia tn gia tang eho thidt bi thdng minh.
Dien thoai thdng minh eCtng duoe sii dung nhieu eho viee tray cap eae dieh vu tmyen hinh va phuong tidn tmyen thdng xa hdl, nhat la d eae qudc gia Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria. Chi can cat dat iing dung eho didn thoai, ngudi dimg ed the thudng thiie ede kdnh traydn hinh tten thidt bi di ddng eua minh. Didu ndy dang anh hudng den su phat trien eae dich vu ndi dung eho cac viing mien va khu vuc. Su ddi mdi nhu vdy dang Idm gia tang nhidu hon nua nhung xu hudng till tmdng mdi, vl du nhu xu hudng su dung traydn hmh tuong tac da man hinh (Multiscreen).
z. Vai t r o cua ICT t r o n g ITnli v i / c Itinh t e t r o n g d i e m
ICT da gdp phdn vao su phat tnen eua nhidu nganh edng nghiep ttong khu vue chau Phi can Sahara. Tai chinh la mdt ttong nhung Iinh vuc then ehdt, ttong dd dien thoai di ddng da lam thay ddi hanh vi giao dich ngan hang cua ngudi diing va thiie day tai ehinh tiong khu vue.
75% dan sd cua khu vue ehau Phi can Sahara sdng d ndng thdn. So vdi khu vue ndng thdn khac ttdn the gidi thi ehau Phi can Sahara la noi ed ty Id ndng ddn tidp can duoc vdi cac dieh vu ICT nhd nhdt. Do vgy, su tang tmdng su dung didn thoai di ddng va kenh tai ehinh ddc lap se la cdn thidt dd thiic day tang cudng tidp can dieh vu ICT tiong khu
TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 (10.2014) | 4 9
GHI NHAN TRAO D O I
vue. Didu nay cung mang lgi mdt co hdi Idn de hd tio nang sd lugng ngudi tiong nhdm ed thu nhap thdp thoat khdi ddi ngheo.
Nigeria la qude gia tiong khu vuc ap dung ICT hldu qua ttong nganh ndng nghiep vol sang kidn he thdng vi dien tii. He thdng ndy eho phep ndng dan nhgn phieu tro cap didn tii de mua hat gidng phan bdn thdng qua dien thoai di ddng eiing nhu giup ho thanh toan khi mua eae thiet bi ndng nghiep tii eae dai Iy mdt each nhanh ehdng va thuan tidn.
Cudc each mang dien thoai thdng mmh cQng da tae ddng ddn cac nganh cdng nghiep phuong tidn tmyen thdng nhu dien anh d Nigena va cac nude khde trong khu vuc chau Phi can Sahara. Nigena duoc bidt den la mdt tiong nhiing qudc gia san xudt cde bd phim hang ddu tien the glol. Mdt sd bd phim da dat dupe ky lue ve sd luong ngudi xem va do do, day cQng se la yeu td ddng vai ttd quan ttpng ttong viec thiie day su dung dien thoai thdng minh d qude gia nay.
Khdng ehl ed ndng nghiep va Iinh vuc giai tri nhu didn anh ma ICT cdn tac ddng tdi nhidu nganh khdc ttong khu vue chau Phi can Sahara. Do dd, chdc chdn ede ngdnh nay se tiep tue nhan dugc su ddu tu nhidu hon tii eae ben Uen quan ciing nhu tii chinh nhiing qude gia phdt tnen hon trong khu vue.
Vi vay, vide phat tnen cac giai phdp dia phuong hda se ttd thanh muc tieu eua khu vue ndy.
J . Chinh sach bang rong qu&c gia Nhiing tde ddng cua ICT va bang rdng ddi vdi xa hdi, kinh te, ehinh tn va cdng nghd la rat Idn khdng chi d ehau Phi can Sahara ma ttdn toan eau. Hdu hdt cac nude ttong khu vuc chau Phi ddu ed chinh sach bang rdng qude gia de ddi phd vdi nhung tde ddng nay, ttong khi mdt sd qudc gia edn lai dang ttong qud trinh ban hanh cde chinh sach. Cde chinh saeh nay bao gdm cdc chi sd hoat ddng rd rdng dd eho phep tridn khai va su dung rdng rai bang rdng.
Mdt ttong sd nhimg yeu td duge ndu ra ttong nhiing ehinh saeh nay la: phan bd phd tdn, uu ddi/
giam thud cac thidt bi va edng nghd ket ndi vd sang kidn Chinh phu dien tu (e-govemment) dd dat duge bang rdng eho eae khu vue tradng hgc, y td va cdc dieh vu chinh phii (d cap qude gia eung nhu dia phuong). Cdc chinh sach nhu the da cho thdy tidm nang ddng gdp tich cue vdo su thinh vuong kinh td xa hdi cua mdi qude gia.
cac mue tieu neu trong chmh sdch vd hdnh vi tidu tiling se Idm gia tang miic dd sii dung bang rdng di ddng. Ngoai ra, vide edp phat vd didu chinh phd tdn la dieu kien can dd trien khai sii dung bang rdng trong khu vuc ehau Phi CqUi Sahara.
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TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 1 0 . 2 0 1 4 )4 . M^ng hi$u nang cao
Chdu Phi can Sahara la mdt khu vuc nang ddng, vdi nhiing tidn bd cdng nghe ttd thanh mdt phdn quan ttgng ttong cdc Dnh vuc cua xS hdi. Ngudi tidu dimg ttong khu vuc dang nhanh chdng ttd thdnh nhiing ngudi sdng tao ndi dung va quydt dinh cde dich vu cung cdp ttdn thi tmdng.
Tao ra mdt trai nghidm ngudi diing hdn mach thdng qua edi thidn hieu nang mang se tro nen tdi quan ttpng ttong chidn luoc hoac md huih kinh doanh eiia cde nhd mang de giu chan khach hang.
Vd do dd, edn thidt phai ed su hop tae gitta: nha quan Iy, nhd mang di ddng, nha cung edp dich vu OTT, nhd cung cap co so hg tdng vd cdc ben hen quan khac. Ddy sd Id chia khda eho su phdt trien khdng chi Id d linh vuc vidn thdng ma la ea nganh ICT ciia khu vue.
Tuy nhidn, dd md hinh hop tde nay tid thdnh hidn thue, edn su ddu tu hon nua ciia hdu hdt ede nude ttong khu vuc nhdm nang cao ttdi nghidm mang eho ngudi dimg.
I I I . KET LUAN
Cdng nghd sd dang nhanh chdng ttd thanh mdt phdn tiong cude sdng hdng ngdy 6 ehau Phi can Sahara, dac biet la nhung iing dung ttdn didn thoai di ddng. Do dd, tidm nang tang tradng sd lugng thud bao di ddng d thi tmdng ehau Phi can Sahaia la rat rd rang khi ma nhiing sdng tgo mdi ttong mdng di ddng ndi ridng vd nganh vidn thdng ndi ehung dang ed nhung tac ddng tich cue ddi vdi su phat men kinh te, xa hdi cua khu vue noi day. Vi vdy, chau Phi can Sahara se la tin tradng hiia hen nhieu eo hdi tang tradng doanh thu eho eae nha mang ttong va ngoai khu vue.
B.N Tai lieu t h a m Ichao
[1 ]. Ericsson Mobility Report Sub-Saharan Africa June 2014.
[2]. Ericsson Consumertd) 2013.
[3] http7/itwebafrica com
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