TRAO BOI Y K l f N l l l l l
QUAN LY VAN TAI HANH KHACH LIEN TINH BANG 0 TO -THirC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
PGS. TS. T U SY SUA Trudng Dai hpc Giao thdng vgn tai
Tdm tat: Ngi dung chO yiu cOa bii bio nay li phin tich tht/c trgng quan ly vgn tii hinh khach lien ffnh bing dt&& nw&c ta hiin nay; chi ra nhQng bat cgp va nguyin nhin giy ra nhOng tdn tgi, bit cap dd di lim ca sa thuc tiin cho vigc di xuit mdt sd giii phap kha thi nhim tao mdi tnr&ng kinh doanh linh mgnh trong vin tii hinh khach lidn tinh bing d td.
TIP Ithoi: Vin tai hinh khach bing d td, bin xe khich, vgn tii hinh khich lien tinh.
Abstract: The main content of the paper is to analyze current status of management of interregional road passenger in Vietnam. And some problems related to the control and operation process as well as their causes are discussed. Some solutions are proposed to improve the transport management and contribute to create an environment of a healthy competition for this sector.
Keywords: Road passenger transport; interregional road passenger transport; station. ^
1. T d N G Q U A N V E V A N T A I H A N H K H A C H L I E N TiNH B A N G 6 X 6
Trudc h i t phdi khang djnh quan ly kinh doanh vgn tai hdnh khach bang d t d d Viel Nam la khd khan n h i t , phdc tap nhdt so vdi v^n tdi hdnh khach bang dudng sat, d u d n g t h u f vd d u d n g hang khdng do tinh " c a dpng"; l i n h hogt"; "tinh xa hdi" vd "tinh phuc tgp, nhgy cdm" Id dac Ihu cua kinh doanh logi hinh v | n tai hanh khaeh ndy Theo do, r i t n h i i u van bdn phdp q u y hdi nghi, hgi thdo, ede p h u a n g tign thdng tin dgi chdng, d u lu^n xa hgi... danh cho vigc hodn thi^n qudn ly kinh doanh van tai hanh khdch bang d td.
Khdng the phu nhgn vai trd cua vgn tai hanh khdch bang d I d ndi chung va van tai hdnh khaeh lien tfnh bdng d td ndi rieng trong hd thong van tai hanh khdch d Viet Nam bdi tinh p h i b i i n , thugn tign va kinh l e nham thoa man cac c h u y i n di cho hanh khaeh.
- C h u y i n di Id s u di e h u y i n ed myc dich vdi c y ly Iren 0,50 km;
- C h u y i n di lien tinh bang d td: la nhu'ng c h u y i n di bang d td khdch c d d i i m x u i l phdt - O (Origin) vd
diem ket thuc - D (Destination) khdng nam trong cung mgt tinh, thdnh p h i (Injc thugc TW).
- Tidu chf hdnh khdch mong muon cho c h u y i n 6\
cda minh: An todn, nhanh chdng, kjp Ihdi, thudn tidn, tidm nghl vd gia c u d c phd hgp.
- Thdi gian mpt e h u y i n di cua hdnh khaeh d u a c xde djnh theo phuang phap O-D, nghTa Id k i t u Ide rdi khdi diem x u i t phdt (O) tdi Idc d i n diem k i t thdc (D) c h u y i n di; ggi Id Thdi gian O-D (T^.^). Thdi gian O-D phdi d u g e eoi trpng va d u y c dai len hdng dau khi nghidn cd'u, t u a n g l y xae djnh t i c dp O-D: V^^ ma khdng s d dung t i c dg l i i hanh: V,^ (nhu Im-dc ddy).
- Cac ben cd lidn quan chd y i u (tham gia) Irong qud trinh van tdi hanh khdch lien tinh bdng d td bao gom:
hdnh khach (HK); doanh nghigp vgn tai hdnh khdch (VTHK); doanh nghiep b i n xe (BX); cae dan vj, c a quan ehd-c nang vd chfnh q u y i n dja phuang...
- Khi nghien cd'u vgn tai hdnh khach lidn linh bang 6 Id phai xem xet hdi hod cae iai ich:
+ Lyi ich cda hdnh khaeh;
+ Lai ich cda doanh nghiep vdn tdl, doanh nghigp ben xe;
I s6 10 nam 2017
' TF^ODCIYKIEN
+ Lgi fch cua Nhd n u d c (thdng qua cde khodn phi, lg phi va an ninh, trat ty...).
Trong dd, Igi fch (quyen lpi) cua hdnh khdch phai d u y c ton trgng vd dgt len hdng d i u .
2. CAC IWO HiNH TIER CAN TRONG VAN T A I H A N H K H A C H LieN TfNH B A N G 6 T 6 V A N G U Y E N N H A N C U A "XE DO"; " B E N C 6 C "
a. Hflo hinh 1 - Tiep cgn theo kieu "Truyen thong"
Theo md hinh ndy hanh khdch phdi di e h u y i n t u O d i n b i n xe di (A) theo Id trinh de d i n b i n xe d i n (B), sau do di ehuyen d i n D vd k i t thuc e h u y i n di. Md hinh nay dwgc col la md hinh c h u i n t i c , neu t i t ca cdc ben d i u chap hdnh nghiem chinh theo quy djnh thi se khdng cd hidn t u y n g "xe dd"; "ben cdc".
Tuy nhien, hdnh khaeh phai ton hao chi phi vd thdi gian eho vigc di chuyen d i n vd rdi b i n xe (chi phf dau, cuii).
Theo md hinh nay, cac ben d u g c dam bdo hdi hod Igi fch; dgc bf^l Igi ich cda Nhd n u d c d u g c coi trgng;
mdi tnj'dng kinh doanh d u y c cdng khai, minh bach, hidu lyc quan I f d u y c dam bdo.
b. Md hinh 2 - T i i p can theo kieu "Open Tuor"
K (hdnh trinh tmng vdi xe hogt dgng theo t u y i n co djnh), sau dd di chuyen d i n D va k i t thde chuyin Si.
T n i nhiing trudng h y p k f k i t hgp dong van chuyin hanh khach ( k i ca khdch du Ijch) bai ban; nghiem chinh; hgp phap thi md hinh ndy d u y c coi Id nguyen nhdn chu yeu gay ra trdo luu "xe du"; " b i n cdc". Sy bdng phat cua "xe dd"; "ben cdc" da t r d thdnh van de
"nhiic n h i i " trong qudn I f vdn lai hanh khaeh bang 6 td d nhidu dja phuang trong ea nudc; dgc bigt d Thfl do Ha Ndi vd TP. H i Chi Minh.
Theo do, Igi ich cdc ben khdng d u y c dam bao; dgc bigt l y i ich cua Nha n u d c khdng d u y c coi trpng;
mdi t r u d n g kinh doanh vgn tdi khdng Idnh mgnh, t h i i u minh bgch, higu l y c qudn If khdng d u g c thyc thi. Trong khi dd cac quy djnh hien hanh v i quan If vgn tai va quan I f T h u i chua dd mgnh de qudn i f chat che loai hinh kinh doanh van tdi hdnh khacli theo hgp d i n g . Do vay, can phdi " c h u i n hod" hinh Ihiie kinh doanh nay dh lap lai trdt t u trong van tai hanh khdch bang d t d nham logi bo nhung hgp dong "trd hinh".
Ngoai ra, can p h i i hpp cd hidu qua giiia eac dan vj, ea quan chuc ndng vd ehinh quyen dja phuang mai cd the han c h i ngn "xe du"; "ben cdc" hogt ddng ram rd n h u hidn nay.
c. Md hinh 3 - T i i p can theo kieu "Door to Door"
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Theo md hinh ndy hdnh khdch df c h u y i n t u O (khdng phai den ben xe) ma den diem G ( d i i m xuat phdt) theo h y p d i n g ; "Open Tuor" de di chuyen d i n
( ^ =®
Theo mo hinh nay, hanh khach d w c don tai nha (0) voi ioai xe du ijch ki^u Limousine (ia ioai xe cai bien tif dong Ford "c4 map" 16 ch8). NhOng hanh khacli muon di xe chi c^n bao qua di&n thoai hoac dat cho qua mang la co n g u o i d^n don. Sau 66 hanh khacii au<^c di chuyen theo hanh trinh (tnJng m\ tuyen c6 dinh) va tra khach tai diem ket thiic (D).
Doi v o i hanh khach, mo hinh nSy rat thuSn tiSn va phu hgp, tuy gia cu'd'c co cao hen nhu-ng neu tinh theo chi phi tinh d6i thi d u o c cho ia co "tinh kmh te".
Tuy vay, khi t6 chu'c giao thong khong nen chi d^ra
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r 20ir ITf!AO BOi Y KIEN l l l l l
TT 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 g 10
11 12 13
14
15
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Tl&u chf phSn loai Difn tich m|t bang (toi Ihilu) Diin tich bai 6b xe oto chcy vao vi tri don kh^ch (to! thieu) Di§n tich bai d5 xe d^nh cho phu'Cng ti^n kh^c Dien tich t6i thieu phong cho' cho hanh khSch (c6 t h i phSn thanh nhieu khu vyc trong bin) s l vi tri d6n, tra khach (tli thieu) So cho ngoi t l i thieu khu vyc phong chd cho hanh khSch He thing dilu hda, quat di$n khu vuc phdng chd cho hanh khach (tli thilu)
Di^n tich khu vyc ldm viec Di#n tich v3n phdng danh cho Y te Di?n tich khu v^ sinh Di§n tich danh cho cay xanh, tham
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Dud'ng xe ra, vao ben Dudng din tCF phong cho cho h^nh khach den c^c vj trf don, tra khach Ket cau mgt dudng ra, vao ben xe v& san bin
H? thing cung d p thdng tin
He thing kilm soat xe ra vSo ben Donvi
tinh m^
m^
m^
m^
vitri chl
Loai ben xe khach Loai 1
15.000 5,000 2.000 500
50 100 Dam bao nhi§t dg khong vug't qu^ 30°C
Logi 2 10.000 3.000 1.500
300 40 60 Qugt di$n
Logi 3 5.000 1000 900
150 30 30 Qugt di?n
Logi 4 2.500 500 400
100 20 20 Qugt di?n
Logi 5 1.500 160 30
50 10 10 Qugt dign
Logi 6 500
80 20
30 6 10
Quat dign Binh quan 4,5 m^/nguoi
Toi thilu 10 m^ |
> 1 % ting di§n tich x§y dung bin (Cd noi v? sinh phyc vg ngifd-i khuyet t$t theo QCVN 10.2014/BXD)
Ty l# dien tich dat danh cho cay xanh, tham cd t l i thilu 2% ting di§n tich
neng bi#t chung {r0ng t l i thilu 7,5 m) Co mai che
Mgt dud'ng nhya hogc be t6ng xi mang
Co h§ thong phat thanh, c6 h§ thong bang chi dan bang dien ti>, CO thiet bj tra cdu
thdng tin ty ddng Cd phin mem quin ly bin
xe va trang bj h? thong camera giam sat xe ra v4o
ben
Co he thdng phat thanh, cd he thing bang chidan
Cd phan mim quan ly bin xe
vao sCrc chira (sau khi chuyen d6i) de phan loai Theo mo hinh nay, hanh khach vay xe doc du'dng khi phu'ong tien ma c6n phai d y a vao mot s6 thfing so c6 xe (chay theo tuyen co dinh, hoac xe "hop dong khac nhU': chi^u d i i xe, t u trong xe... ,|.j f,,^^.) ^^^ ^^ ^f,| ^^ j 4 „ ^i jpi ,t,ict, hop thi hanh d. IMS hinh 4 - Tiep can theo kieu " V i y xe doc Khach xuong xe.
dycpng"
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Day la md hinh gay ra rat nhieu hg luy k i cd hdnh khdch, doanh nghidp vgn tdi, doanh nghi?p b i n xe
^-\ vd t h i hi^n s y "tuy lien", xem thudng eac quy djnh trong vgn ldi hanh khdch; lao ra "tiin l e " ; do vay c i n nhanh chdng d^p bd.
I s l 10 nam 2017
mm
aaaaa TRAO DOIY KIEN
3. Mt B^N XE K H A C H V A QUY HOACH B^N XE KHACH
Theo Quy c h u i n ky thugt Quoc gia v i B i n xe Khdch, sua doi 1: 2005 do Tong cyc D u d n g bO Viel Nam soan thao, Bd Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd tham dinh, Bd Giao thdng vgn tai ban hdnh kem theo Thdng t u so 73/2015/TT-BGTVT ngdy 11 thang 11 nam 2015.
Ben xe khach d u y c phan thanh 6 loai. Quy ^ n h v i cdc hgng muc eong trinh t u c n g dng vdi tCfng logi b i n xe khdch d u y c ndu trong bdng sau:
Theo Quy c h u i n cho t h i y loai b i n xe khdch chua ed s y l u c n g thfch vdl logi dd thi, cd nghTa la cd t h i thiet ke ben xe logi I d dd thj logi V d u c e hay khdng ? Ndn chdng ed logi Ben xe Khdch "ddc biet" dp dung eho loai dd thj "dgc biet" vd c i n cd Quy c h u i n b i n xe Quoc te.
Quy hoaeh B i n xe Khdch theo xu hudng d u a qua xa khu v y c Trung tam thanh p h i c i n phdi dam bdo cdng s u i t luong hanh khaeh; p h i i k i t h e p cd higu qud trong vide to chuc vgn tal hanh khdch lidn tinh vd vdn ldi hdnh khdch trong Ihanh p h i vd tdn trpng TO-D cCia hdnh khdch.
4. Mt QUY HOACH TUY^N C 6 DINH LI^N T I N H Quy hoach t u y i n vgn lai hdnh khdch lien ttnh theo Quyet djnh 2288/QD-BGTVT ngdy 26 thang 6 nam 2015 eua Bd Giao thdng van tdi. Trong npi dung ede van ban ndy, quy djnh eae IhO tuc dang ky lua chpn qua phde tap vd Ihdi gian qud dai gay khd khdn cho eac do-n vj vgn tdi. Ddc bi^t Id quy hoaeh t u y i n qua chi tiit, quy djnh d i n g i d hogt ddng tdng not xe tren l u n g t u y i n , khdng can e u nhu c i u di lal cua hdnh khdch, ed g i d xe cd nhu c i u khdng du xe cd nhi>ng gid khdng cd khach lai ed not xe chgy Khi d e n vj vgn tdi cd nhu eau Ihay d i i gid phdi xin phdp vd ph^i d u y c s y dong y eua c c quan quan ly nhd nude, Idm anh hudng d i n qud trinh kinh doanh va d i n s y dj lai CLia hdnh khdch
Do v d y can xem xel mdt each nghiem tiJc, can trpng,
cd trdch nhidm ve ndi dung cua Quy hogch l u y i n van ldi hanh khdch lien tfnh cho phu h y p vdi ten gpi
"Quy hoach", de trdnh h i i u nham thdnh "ke hogch tae nghigp": qud chi t i i t va r i t eu t h i d i giai c u u cho doanh nghiep van tai hdnh khdch lien tinh theo tuyin cd dinh.
III. K£T LUAN
Qua phan tich thyc trgng quan ly van tal hdnh khdch lidn tfnh bang d td d n u d c ta hipn nay cdn r i t nhliu ton tai, b i t edp.
Cac gidi phap de xuat nham tao ldp mdi trudng kinh doanh lanh mgnh trong vdn ldi hdnh khdch lidn tinh bang d td, hgn c h i nan "xe dO, b i n cdc" vd kinh doanh theo hinh thde "hyp dong trd hinh" tdc dpng lieu cue d i n cdc doanh nghipp b i n xe khach vd nhung doanh nghidp vdn tai hanh khaeh lidn tinh bang d td Iheo l u y i n e i djnh •
\ TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
I
• 1 . PGS. T S . T u By Sua - G i i o trinh Thuong vg v ^ n t i i , N h i xuat ban Giao thfing v | n t i i . H i Nfii, 2010.
, 2. PGS. TS. Ti> Sy Sua (Chu bien), TS. Tran , H u u Minh - Khai t h i c c o sfi' vgt ch^t ky thu|t giao thfing v$n t i i . N h i xuSt b i n Giao thfing I van tai. H i Npi, 2005.
r 3. PGS. TS. T i l Sy Sua - Quy ho?ch mang r lu'fi'i v#n tai h i n h khach cfing cpng dfi thi. N h i
! x u l t b i n Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, H i NOI, 2015.
j 4 . Quyet dinh 2288/CI£)-BGT\/T n g i y 26 thang I 6 nam 2015 ciia BO Giao thfing van t i i v ^ Quy
hogch tuy6n v$n t i i hanh k h i c h lifin tinh.
' 5. Thfing t u s6 73/2015/TT-BGTVT n g i y 11 ' t h i n g 11 nam 2015 cQa BO Giao thong v j n t i i
ve Quy chuan k? thuat Qu6c gia v6 B i n xe . K h i c h , sua dSi 1:2005.
