Nghien cOu - Trao doi
Quy dat ven bien va nhuhg bat cap trong quy hoach do thj bien
O BUiTHITHEN
Tradng Dai hoc Tai nguyen vd Moi tnJdng Ha Noi
D
o thi bien d nude ta co cdc d$c trung rieng mang nhieu mau sdc va tiem nang phat trien. Tuy nhien, dephat trien mgt each ben vung va CO ban sic, ede dd thi bien can cd mgt chien luge, dinh hudng phat trien ctj the; each lam, quan ly phai chat che, ddng bg. Khong viphdt trien bang mgi gid ma hy sinh cdc gid tri ban sac sinh thai, moi trudng cua do thj biin. Mgt hudng di ben vUng, sd dijmg toi Uu eac nguon It/c trong phdt trien kien true do thi bien Id van de can nghien cuU giai quyet ngay lOe nay.H§ luy tif sU budng ldng qudn ly
Cac ehuyen gia ve bien da nhdn djnh: Vdi xu hudng phdt triln nhu hien nay, cdc thanh pho va thi tran ven biln dang phal doi mat vdi nhQng thach thQc phdt trien can bing khi md mdi trudng tu nhidn ven biln, rQng ngap man ven biln, nhCfng cdnh rdng phdng hd quan trpng bi hijy hogi dudi tac ddng cua cac hoat ddng kinh te va dd thj hda. Ngodi ra, nhQng bien ddng d dieu kien tQ nhien vd mdi trudng, BDKH&NBD, ID lut... cung dang Id nhQng thach thUc Idn cho cdc dd thi ven bien phdi dd'i mat.
Nhieu du an tap trung ven biln d i n d i n thieu khdng gian, cy ly can thiet de tgo khdng gian cdng cdng danh cho cpng ddng.
Tinh trang ONMT sinh thdi cdn
tram trpng. Quy hoach sd dyng dat chua sat thuc t l d i n tdi tinh trgng du an treo, gay lang phi tai nguyen dat. Khdng nhQng the', hdng logt hgn che tgi cdc dd thj ven bien dUdc chf ra nhU, viec lap quy che qudn ly quy hogch kien true khu vyc ven bien va thye hien theo quy che chUa nghiem tuc.
Thuc t l da cd nhieu dU dn chdm hogc khdng triln khai dupe do vUdng mac trong thu tye d p phep xdy dUng, giao dat, boi thudng, gial phdng mat bang. Dieu nay dang gay bde xuc trong dU ludn xa hpi, dnh hudng xau de'n c&nh quan kien true quy hogeh dd thi vd ddi song cda ngudl ddn d dja phUdng, ddc biet la eae dd thi du ljch ven bien. NhOng thdeh thUc nay ddi hdi sU phdt trien cua dd thj biln phdi dupc quy hogch va qu&n ly tdt. Cdc dd thj ven bien khdng nen chgy theo "hieu qua va kinh te" ma d n phdi b&o d&m dupc "dac trung rieng vd thuc day ban sac" cua tQng khu vUc, tUng dd thi trong chien lupc cgnh tranh qudc gia vd qud'c t l , trdnh cgnh tranh ldn nhau.
Mdt thue t l hien nay dd xdy ra trong nhieu dU dn du lich, dd la d l xuat mdt dp dan cu tUdng dd'i eao tgi nhQng khu vuc ven bien hodc cd nhieu dien tieh cdy xanh dUOc chuyen doi thanh nhQng tea nhd eao tang tai nhilu vj tri khdng hdp ly.
Cdc dd thi bien cd t h i phdt trien chdc ndng ehu dao dem lai
bdn s l e khac biet nhU: Sinh thai, nghi dUdng, dd thj dgi hpc, kinh t l tdi chinh, ngu nghiep, c&ng biln hay giao thuong quoe t l . . . Nd cd the tgo thanh mdt mgng lUdl dd thj bien quoe gia da dgng, kit noi vdi nhau qua he thdng dUdng thuy cung nhu dudng bd ven bien.
Cung bdi d l xd dau tU vao cdc dd thj bien thanh dd thj nghi dudng nen tgi nhilu khu vue ven bien, nha cao tang phat trien d gt va chfnh dieu nay da ddnh mat dl r i t nhilu ve dgp ldi the. Tgi TP.
Hg Long (Qu&ng Ninh), tam nhin ra vjnh Id von quy nha't cua dd thj bien nay. N l u dja phudng cap phep cho cac ehd d i u tU xdy dung cdc cdng trinh sat bien, dgc biet nha eao t i n g dn ngd tam nhin ra vjnh, se tgo cdm giae mat ty le hdi hda v l quy md, khi so sdnh vdi ode hdn ddo Idn nhd trong vjnh. Do dd, thay vi chi tap trung bam dpe theo tuyen bd biln, d n phdt trfen eac cum dd thj tap trung nam sdu hdn trong dat Hen nhung v l n ket n i i tot vdi nhau va vdi bd biln.
Cdn Idc phdt trien bat ddng san eung nhQng cdng trinh kiln true nha d, thuong mgi da phat trien 6 gt tgi cdc do thi ldn tgi Viet Nam trong 20 nam qua de roi hien nay dang lan tda mgnh me den ddng bat dpng san nghi dUdng du lieh tgi cae dd thi ven biln. Viee xdy dung "bUc tudng thdnh" gdm nhQng nhd cao tang chgy sudt mat tiln bien hay xu I Q Tdi nguyen vd M61 tru'dng | Kjil-Thang 7/2019
hudng tu nhdn hda bdi bien...
Vide phat triln nhd eao tang thieu can trpng tilm an nguy cd kim ham va Idm ton hgi cd hdi phat triln trong tUdng lai eua dd thj.
Can chuan theo quy hogch Cd the thay quan ly quy hoach, dau tu xay dung, dat dai du dn ven biln hidn da khdng cdn la chuyen rieng eija dja phUdng md de khae phye tinh trang nay edn can cd sy chung cua cdc bp, nganh vd sU ehi dao nghiem khac td Chfnh phij.
T i t e& cac logi dat ven bien diu ph&l thye hien theo quy hoach vd tdt ca ede chinh sach cua Nhd nUdc lidn quan d i n van de nay cung phai xem xet dUa vao quy hogch. Vidy, vung dat ndo Uu tien cho ngUdi ddn phdt trien ngdnh nghe truyin thdng, chu yeu la nudi trong thuy san, du Hch, trudc hit phai giU dupe eac nganh nghe truyen thong cda ngudi dan va khdng bj dnh hudng. Tuy nhien, nlu ehi glQ nganh nghe dd ma khdng phdt trien thi ngQdl ddn vln cd ngheo suit. Trong khi dd, tiem ndng v l bai bien dep de khai thdc du Ijch Igi khdng phdt huy dUdc, Nlu nhd dau tu muon xay dUng resort ven bien thi ph&l edng b l chi tiet quy hoaeh vd khdng Idm Inh hudng d i n cdnh quan mdi trudng, cude sdng cua ngUdi ddn xung quanh. Can phdi quy hogch Igi de phdt trien du lich nhung ph&l b&o dam ipi fch cua ngudi ddn tgi khu vye dd, eung nhu Ipi fch cua nha dau tu vd Nhd nude. NghTa Id phal gi&i dUpc bai toan hdi hod Ipi fch cija 3 ben.
Gidi phdp quan trpng nha't Id phdi thUe hien theo quy hogch, danh kho&ng khdng gian cdng edng cho ngUdl ddn, khu ddn cU tgi eae bai biln. Ben cgnh dd, khi thUe hien quy hogch phdi lay y kiln ddng gdp cua ngudi dan.
Mac du dat cho dy an cung can
nhung ph&l bao dam khdng gian cdng edng, b&o ddm sinh ke Idu ddi cho ngudl ddn tgi khu vUc/
dja phUdng dd.
De thiet lap hanh lang bdo ve bd bien Bd TN&MT dd ban hanh Thdng tu so 29/2016/TT-BTNMT ngdy 12/10/2017 quy djnh ky thudt thiet lap hanh lang b&o vd bd bien; trong dd ede khu vUc dUde xem xet, ddnh gia ve yeu cau bao d&m quyin tiep can cua ngudi ddn vdi biln ph&l dya tren cdc yeu to: Mat dp ddn sd tai vung ddt ven bien; Thue trang cdc hoat ddng khai thac, sd dyng tdi nguyen cua ngudi ddn (du Ijch, nudi trong, ddnh bat hai san vd cac hogt ddng khde eua ngudi dan) diln ra tai vung bd...
Tuy nhidn, theo Vidn Nghidn cQu bien vd Hdi d&o, viec thilt lap hanh lang bdo ve bd bien rat chgm, mdi chi cd mdt sd ft tfnh Id phe duyet dupc Danh myc cdc khu vye phai thiet lap hanh lang b&o ve bd bien. Mdt sd tfnh dang tien hdnh nhiem vy xdc dinh khu vUc phdi thilt lap hanh lang bao ve bd bien. Cdc tinh cdn lai mdi dang trinh phe duyet nhiem vy thiet lap hanh lang bdo ve bd biln, Tai Chf thj sd 20/CT-TTg v l tdng cudng qudn ly quy hogch, dau tu xay dyng vd qu&n ly dat dai cdc dy dn ven bien, Thu tudng Chinh phu cung yeu d u Bd Xay dyng ehu tri, phdi hpp vdi cdc bd, ngdnh lien quan, UBND cdc tinh, thdnh phd true thupe Trung uong cd bd bien rd sodt viec lap vd phe duyet quy hogch xdy dung de kjp thdi kien nghj dieu chfnh cdc vdn bdn phdp luat, bo sung cac quy chuan, tieu chuan thiet ke quy hoaeh xay dUng, dap dng yeu eau phdt triln dai han cua khu vuc ven bien.
Ddng thdi, Bd Xay dung kiem tra, giam sat, ddn ddc eae dia phUdng trong viec qudn ly quy
hogeh xay dyng khu vUc ven biln, quan ly dau tu xdy dung tai cae du an ven bien, dac biet la cdng khai va cung d p thdng tin v l quy hoach xay dung de ngudi dan dja phUdng cung tham gia kiem tra, gidm sat
Bd TN&MT tiep tye ra sodt, d l xuat sQa doi, bo sung, hodn thien he thong phdp ludt v l dat dai, dae biet ehu trpng eae quy djnh ve quy hogch, ke hoach sd dyng dat; giao dat, eho thud dat, eho phep chuyen myc dieh sd dyng dat; tang cudng kilm tra, giam sat, ddn dd'c cdc dja phUdng qudn ly cdc du dn, BVTN&MT dat dai ven bien
Ddi vdi UBND cdc tfnh, thdnh phd cd bien tang cudng kiem tra vide thue hien dU dn dau tU xay dUng vd cdng trinh xdy dUng theo quy hoaeh xay dung dupc duyet, Giay phep xdy dUng bao ddm chat lUdng kiln true, c&nh quan va mdi trudng.
LUa chpn hudng di, tim gldi phap trong quy hoaeh dat, kien true nao cho khdng gian khu vyc mdt tien ven bien cua dd thj d n xuat phdt tu chfnh cac dieu kidn v l tu nhien xa hdi va nhu cau thuc te ddt ra.
Tai lieu tham khdo 1. Gido trinh quy hogch xdy dung dd thj vd diem ddn eU ndng thdn.
TTJS. Nguyin Thi Hai Yen- Tn/dng Dai hoc TN&MT Ha Ndi.
2. Giao trinh Quy hogch khdng gian bien.
PGS.TS Chu Hoi- Nguyen Phd Tong cyc trudng Tong cyc Bien vd H&i dao Viet Nam,
3. Nghien cQu, hUdng d i n quy hogch xdy dung cdc dd thj ven bien theo hudng phat trien ben vdng (RD 23-08)- Vien Quy hoach dd thi va Nong thdn Quoc gia (VlUP).m
Tdi nguyen vd Moi tru'dng | Ky 1 - Thang 7/2019 ]]
