NGHllNCUU-TRAOObl
QUYEN CI/TRU CUA CONG DAN TRONG PHAP LUAT VIET NAM
T ^ QUANG N G Q C
Quygn tif do di Ifivitifdocutm li mdt trong nhOng quygn quan tiQng cda mdi ngudi, cd mdi quan bg chit cbB vdi nhau vi dui^ quan tim khi s^ trong lich sdnbin loai. Ci nhin (edng din) cd quygn tifdolifaehqn did d, noi cu tru cua minh trgn casdquydjnh cdaphip luit, Nbininjcbiodim vi taodigukign tSt nhit quygn tif dob/a cbgn chd d, noicutnicia edng din; thifc hign thdng nhit quin If nbi nude vg cu trd; 0Q^ an ninh trit tv, an toin xihgl; dip lingygu du, nbigmvif phittrign kinh ti-xi hdi vi bdi nhip 9 " * tg.
Tirkhda: Quyen cu tru; tudo cu tru; cdng din; ngudi Viet Nam; phip luit; quin lynhi nude.
Tberigbtstofreedomofmovementandresidenceareoneoftiieimportantri^tsofaperson, These rights have a dose relationship with each other and were paid early attention in the history ofthe humankind. Individuals (dtizens) have the right to freedom to choose their accommodation and residence in accordance with the provisions of law. The State guarantees and faclUtates the dtizen 's right to teedom to choose the accommodation and residence;
consistentiy performs state management of residence; maintains social order and security;
meetstberequirementsandtasksofsocio-econoiniedevdopnientandlntemationalintegtation.
Key words: Ri^ts to residence; freedom of residence; dtizen; Vietnamese; law; state management NGAYNHAN: 26/12/2019 NGAYPHANBI$N,DANHG1A: 20/01/2020 NGAYDUVtl: 17/02/2020
1. Khdi qudt vieutnivd quyln CU till en dinh lai vi tri; "tti" cd nghia la d, ttg Khi nghiln cuu ve cu tri, cd khd nhilu nhung mang nghia da xde dinh dupe noi de quan niem, each hilu vl vl cu tni. Chang "• noi sinh sdng, an dtiiudng xuyen Sn djnh'.
han ed quan mem cho rdng eu tru Id vile d "ai tir dien Tilng Viet, thuat ngu "eu trii"
tai mdt noi ndo do trong mdt tiidi gian nhat ^^fi^ ^^". ^^ "•/'"^. 1™S f mdt noi n4o A- UU -•„ • .u - V.-' - . ^ . - io • Vi vay, cu tru la boat dong sinh sdng dtah, bao gem ca thuong till va tam tin; cung , „X,.™ tai mnf r,™ -. ^- . . '
; " . , . . , , , , • , , cua con nguoi tai mpt noi, mot dia diem eo quan mem hieu cu ttu la viec ea nhan smh ^^^^ ^^^ dinh eu till. 6 dd, con ngudi tien sdng I4m viec, sinh heat hdng ngdy tai mpt jjdnh cdc sinh boat hdng ngdy bao gdm rat dia diem duoc xde dinh hay cu tru la boat nhilu hoat dOng khde nhau nhu an, d, 1dm ddng thudng tri, tam tru, luu tru cua eon viec, nghi ngoi... Tu diln giai tiu'ch tiiudt ngu ngudi... Theo tu diln Han - Viet, "cu" cd • ^
nghia Id d. Id dpng t i chi ttang tiidi dtmg lai, * TS, Truong Bai hoc Luat Hd Noi
• n TAP CHi QUAN L* NHA NUIJC - S6 289 (2/2020)
NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI Ludt hge tM khai mIm eu tri Id "O thudng
xuyen tai mpt npi ndo dd"^...
Tu nhiing quanmlmvdphantichdtrin, ed the hilu cu t r i 14 vile con ngudi smh sdng, lam vile, sinh boat thudng xuyIn tai mdt khdng gian, thdi gian eii thi dudi mpt hinh thie nhdt dinh (cd the la thudng tru bode tam mi). Theo do, QTDCT eia cong ddn xuat phdt tu quyln eon ngudi (QCN), Id mdt trong cac QCN, quyln eOng ddn duge gM nhdn trong phdp luat qudc gia v4 phdp ludt quSe tl. 0 iiinh do qudc gia, quyln eu till (QCT) ludn dupe gdn vdi quyln edng ddn, dupe quy dinh ttong he thdng edc vdn bdn phdp Mat do eo quan nhd nude cd tham quyln ban h4nh v4 bao ddm dl cong ddn tu tie lua ehpn noi cu tri eia minh theo dung edc dilu kien, trinh tu, thi tue v4 Mnh thuc nhdt dinh. Trln binh chin qudc tl, QCT duiic xac dmh vdi QCN, quyln ndy dupe quy dinh ttpng cac van kiln phdp ly qudc tl, duge edc qudc gia thdnh viln phi ciiuan vd cam kit kit thuc Men. Tuy nhiln, trln thuc tl, quyln tu do eu tni (QTDCT) ludn gan vdi quyln di lai eia moi ed nhdn trong mdt qudc gia (quyln eia cdng ddn) cung nhu trong khu vuc (nhu Liln minh chau Au) bode tten thi gidi. Dilu dd nghia Id cdng ddn (hode ed nhdn) ed quyln tu dp di lai vd cu tri treng nude, cd quyln ra nude ngpdi vd tir nude ngodi trdvl nude. Cac quyln ndy dugc quy dinh trong Hien phap, dao Mat ed gid tri phap ly cao nhdt eia moi qude gia vd tilp tue duge eu the hda trong eac vdn ban phdp luat cuaNhdniicie.
2. Quyln h^ do di lai va eu till ttong phdp ludt quSc t l ma Vilt Nam la thdnh viln
Trong ludt phdp qudc tl, quyln tu do di lai vd cu tri dd dugc quy dinh trong nhilu vdn kiln, cdng ude. TuyIn ngdn qudc te nhdn quyln ndm 1948 dd sdm khang dinh vl quyln nay tai Dilu 13: "Mpi ngudi dIu cd quyln tu lio di lai va tu do cu tru trong pham vl Idnh thd eia qude gia. Mpi ngudi dIu cd
quyln rdi khdi bdt ky nude ndo, ke cd nude minh, ciing nhu ed quyln ttdvl nude minh".
Tilp do, quy dinh nay da dugc tdi khdng dmh va tiep tue ghi nhan trong Cdng tide qudc t l ve cdc quyln ddn su vd chinh tri ndm 1966, Quyln nay dutrc quy dmh cu thi tai Dilu 12 va 13 eia Cdng ude. Ddy Id quyen cd y nghia quan ttpng vi no tao Uln dl dl mOt ed nhdn huong thu cdc quyln ddn su, ehiito tri eung nhu ede quyln kinh tl, xd hdi vd van hda khac. Trong dd, quy dinh quyen ndy khong ehi dupe dp dung vdi cac cdng ddn md cdn vdi ngucil nude ngoai dang cu tru hode Men diln hcjp phdp ttIn ldnh thd nude khde. Vile eho phep nhap cdnh va tu each hcrp phdp eia mdt ngudi nude ngodi ttIn lanh thd eia mdt nude phu thugc vdo quy dinh phap ludt qudc gia vd phu hcrp vdi nhiing nghia vu qudc te eia nude dd.
Ngo4i Cdng ude qudc t l vl nhdn quyln (UDHR), Vilt Nam cdn la thdnh vien eia cdc cdng ude qude te ghi nhdn QTDCT eia cd nhdn nhu sau: Cdng ude qudc te vl cdc quyen ddn su vd chtoh tri nam 1966 (ICCPR);
(iong ude qude te vl bap ve quyen eua tdt ca ngudi lap dOng cU tri vd thdnh vien gia dinh hg nam 1990; Tuyen ngdn nhan quyln ASEAN ndm 2012; edc cam kit vl QTDCT eua Viet Nam trong viec thdnh lap epng dong chung AEC.
Nhin chung, QTDCT gdn liln vdi quyen tu dp di lai eia cong ddn, dugc ghi itodn cd trong phap ludt quSc gia vd phap ludt qudc te. Theo dd, trln eo sd quy dinh eua phdp luat, mpi ngudi dIu cd QTDCT hgp phdp vd lua ehgn noi cu tru tren ldnh thd eia nude m4 minh 14 cdng dan cung nhu ttIn ldnh thS nude ngodi (theo ede cdng ude qudc te).
Ddng thdi, dl bao ddm vile cu tni dupe thue Men, mpi ngudi ddn dIu cd quyln tu do di lai trong ldnh tiid qudc gia md minh eu tru, tu do di ra khdi bdt ky nude ndo kl cd nude md minh Id edng ddn hay nude ngoai va tu do trd ve nude minh.
TAP CHi QUAN LY N H A NUCIC - S6 289 (2/2020)
NGHIEN CCrU-TRAO D6i
3. Qudn i^ cu t r i vd quyln h; do cu till ciia ca nhdn theo piidp ludt Vi|t Nam
a. ijch sii hinh thinh vi phat trign gin i'eh vdi boat ddng quan lynhi nude
Cu tru vd quan ly cu tri la mOt ttong nhtrng vdn de quan ttpngeiadoi sSng xd hpi vd ed iicb su hinh thanh, phat triln gdn hIn vdi boEit dOng qudn ly eia Nhd nude. Ndi dung quan ly nhd nude (QLNN) vl eu tni rat da dang, phuc tap, bao gdm nhilu vdn dl nhu hd khau, hd tich vdi cdc Mnh thuc thudng tei, tam tru, tam vdng va gdn Uln vdi quyln til do di lai eia cen ngudi. O Viet Nam, phdp ludt ve eu tri cung dirac ddt ra tu rdt sdm, trade nam 1945, itod nude phong kiln da cd nhtrng quy dmh chat ehl vl eu tri eia mdi ed nhdn trong xd hOi. Dudi thdi Trdn (1226 -1400), ngay ta nam Man Ty nien Mlu Kiln Trang ddi vua Tran TbdlTdng (1228) da quy dinh qudn ly ddn sd theo hd". Din thdi nhdHd (1400-1407), vdo ndm Tdn Ty (1401), Hd Hdn Thuong cho 1dm sd hO khau ttong ea nude. Thdi LI So (1428 -1527), ngay sau khi lln ngdi vua, Le Thdi Td dd llnh eho ede dia phuong ttong ed nude 1dm sd hO khau. Den nam Canh Dan nien hilu Hdng Die ddi vua LI Thanh Tdng (1470), dinh le ba ndm mOt Ian 1dm so hd tich, gpi Id tilu dien, sdu ndm mdt Idn gpi Id dai diln. Thtii Le Trinh tilp tuc thi II ndy. Cdc trieu Tdy Son, nhd Nguyin cung ed edc quy dinh vl hd tich, hO khdu nhu cdc vuong trilu tradc^.
Nh4 nude phong kiln cing cd itoang quy dinh khde nhau vl cu tri ddi vdi ddn eu d ndng thdn vd dan eu d do thi. Chang ban, d thdi Ly - Tran, phap ludt eia nhd nude phong kiln ed nhiing quy dinh "mang tinh dang cap" cho cu dan d kinh tharto Thdng Long.
Song nhin chung, Nhd nude dIu quy dinh cho eu dan dia phuong duge phep vl kinh thdnh Thdng Long suto sSng, 14m dn trln co sd tudn thi cdc quy dinh chung ve an ninh, ttdt tu, phong hda, thuc Men eac nghia vu vl thue vd luc dich'...
Kl tiiua cdc gid tii vl QCT eia cSng ddn ttong nhd nude phong kiln, sau kU Cdch m ^ g thdng Tdm thdnh cdng, Nhd nude ta dd gM nhdn QTDCT eua edng dan ttong ban Hien phip ddu Uln ndm 1946 vd xac dmh tii do eu tri Id mOt ttong nhiing quyln eo bdn cua cOng ddn t?i Dilu 10: "Cdng ddn Vilt Nam cd quyen tu do cu tri, di lai ttong nude vd ra nude ngoai". Vdi quy dinh ndy dd tap CO sd phdp ly quan ttpng ddi vdi vile bao dam QCT eia cdng ddn. Tuy nUIn, Nhd nude van nhdn thiic nhdt qudn ve cu t r i 14 mpt trong nhiing quyen co ban, quan ttpng eua cdng dan vd tilp tuc ducre khdng dmh ttong Hign phip ndm 1959: "Cdng ddn nude Vilt Nam Ddn ehi Cdng hda cd quyln tu do di lai vdeutri".
Nhdm cu thi hda QCT eia cdng ddn ttong Hien phap, ngdy 27/6/1964, CMnh phii dd ra Nghi dmh sd 104/CP ban hdnh Dilu le ddng ky va quan ly hd khau (gdm 21 dilu).
Ddy Id van ban quy pham phdp ludt ddu tien cua Nhd nude ta ed quy dinh rilng ddi vdi Unh vuc ddng ky vd quan ly hO khau. Din ngdy 29/02/1968, Chtoh phi flip tuc ban h4nh Nghi dinh sd 32/CP ve vile thdng nhdt edng tde ddng ky hO khdu, hO tich vd thdng kl dan sd nhdm cai tiln vd tdng cudng hilu luc cdng tde QLNN ddi vdi cdng tde ddng ky hd khdu, hO tich d nude ta, ddp irng ylu cdu nhilm vu eia ddt nude ttong giai doan ndy.
Sau nam 1975, miln Nam dupe hodn toan giai phdng, ddt nude thdng nhat, Qude hpi khda VI da thdng qua Hign phap ndm 1980 quy dinh: "Quyln tu do di lai va eu tru eia edng ddn dugc tdn ttgng theo quy dinh eia phdp ludt". Dl QCT eia cdng dan duge bao ddm ttong ddi sdng xdhOi, ngdy 07/01/1988, Hdi dong BO tradng (nay gpi Id CMnh phi) dd ra Nghi dinh sd 04/HDBT ban hdnh Dilu le ddng ky, quan ly hO khau. Cing vdi Hign phip nam 1980, Nghi dinh sd 04/HDBT dupe dp dung thdng nhat trln pham vi ea nude vl QCT eua edng ddn.
Thue Men cdng cuOc ddi mdi do Dang ta
Ti!lP CHi QUAN L* NHA NUCjC - S6 289 (2/2020)
NGHIEN caU-TRAO DOI khdi xudng, ddt nude budc vao thdi ley mdi,
ehuyin tii nen kmh t l "kl hoach hda tdp trung" sang n i n kmh t l thj mtdng dinh hudng xd hdi chu ngMa, QuSe hdi khda VIII da thong qua Hien phip ndm 1992 (siia dSi, bd sung nam 2001) vdi nMlu quy dmh mdi thi MIn budc ngodt, su ddi mdi vl ta duy ttong iich s i lap MIn Vilt Nam. Nhilu ehl dinh mdi dupe gU nhdn, ttong dd cd QTDCT eia edng dan quy dinh tai Dieu 68: "Cdng dan cd quyen tu do di lad va cu trii o trong nirde, ed quyen ra nude ngpdi vd til nude ngpdi vl nude theo quy dinh eia phdp iudt".
Ddy id eo so phdp 1^ quan ttpng de Qudc hdi ban hdnh Ludt Cu tni ndm 2006 va cdc co quan cd tham quyln ban hdnh nhilu van bdn dudi Mat (nhu Nglii dinh sd 31/2014/ND-CP ngdy 18/4/2014 cua Chtoh phi quy dmh cM tiet mOt sd dilu vd biln phap till hdnh iu^t Cii tni; Thdng ta sd 35/2014/TT-BCA ngay 09/9/2014 eia BO trudng Bd Cdng an quy dinh eU tilt thi hanh iudt CiitruvdNgbl dinh SS31/2014/ND-CP cua Chinh phi; TiiSng tu s6 36/2014/TT- BCA ngay 09/9/2014 eia BO tiiiong BO Cdng an quy dinh eu thi vl bilu man, quy edeh, cdcli gM vd qudn ly bilu mdu s i dung ttong ddngky, quanlycutni...) nhdm quy dinh cM Ult vd hiidng dan dp dung thong nhdt Luit Cu trd, tao tUlu kiln thudn Ipi cho cdng ddn thue MIn QCT theo nhu cdu, nguyin vpng hpp phdp, cMnh dang eia minh.
b. Phap luit VigtNam hign nay vg quygn cu tru cua cdng dan
Tu nhung nam dau thi ky XX, ta tirdng vl QCT eua edng dan dugc Nguyin Ai Qudc - iid CM Mtoh dl cap trong ban TuyIn ngdn Ddc lap eia mOt ddn tOe thuOe dia hi dp hue vdi todn thi the gidi ve khdt vgng tu do, binh ddng vd quyln dugc hudng tu do binh ddng do. Trong do, quyln tu do dupe nhde din nMlu nhdt gdm eac quyln: tu dp vl bdp ehi vd ngOn luan, hi do lap hOi vd hdi hpp, tii do hge tap... v4 cd QTDCT'. Sau kM giaiih duge ciiinli quyln. Dang v4 Nhd nude ta ludn nhdn thiie diing ddn, dl cao vd bao dam cdc
QCN, quyln cong ddn vd xde dmh QCT eia eOng dan 14 quyln tu do, cdng ddn ed the tii mmh Ilia ehpn noi eu mi phu hgp vdi dilu kiln thue te eua minh.
Ke thiia vd phdt Win nhung ta Wong vl QCN, tai ky hgp flii 6 QuSe hdi khda XIII dd thdng qua Hifi'n phap nam 2013 (vol 11 ehuong, 120 dilu), cdc QCN, quyln edng ddn tilp tuc dupe ke thira vd phdt U l n p h i hgp vol dilu kiln kinh t l - xd hdi eia ddt nude.
Theo dd, QCN, quyln vd ngMa vu eo bdn eia cong ddn dugc quy dinh tai Chuong 2 (thay cho Chuong 5 Hign phip nam 1992) vdi 36 dilu (tii Dieu 14 - 49). QTDCT eia cdng ddn dugc quy dmh t£ii Dilu 23: "Cdng dan cd quyen tu do di lai vd eu tri d ttong nude, cd quyen ra nude ngoai vd ta nude ngodi vl nude. Vile ihifc Men cdc quyln ndy do phdp luat quy dinh". Mac du QCT vdn dutw: quy dinh vdi ndi dung nhu Hign phap ndm 1992, song CUeu dd thi hiln sir nhat qudn ttong nhdn thue eia Ddng, Nhd nude ddi vdi QCN ndi chung vd QTDCT eia edng ddn ndi rilng, edc quyen ndy ludn duge hodn thiln trong he tiidng phdp ludt, duge Nhd nude tdn trgng vd thdng qua ede eo ehl phap ly dl edng dan thue tii|n QCT eia minh, Nhd nude cM han ehl cdc quyen nay ttong tmcing hijp can thilt vd tten eo sd ede quy ditto eia phdp ludt.
Dl QTDCT eia edng ddn quy dhih trong Hignphip ndm 2013 kip thdi di vdo ddi sdng xd hOi, Bd luit Dan su ndm 2015 dd ed hdn mOt mue rilng quy diiih vl noi eu tti eia cd nhdn (tu Dilu 40-45) 1dm cdn eu phdp ly dl bao vl QTDCT eia cong ddn. iuat Cu tru ndm 2006 cung dupe sia ddi, bS sung vdo ndm 2013 vol mOt sS dilm mdi nhdm quan ly eu mi Mlu qud hon. Ddng thdi, cing vdi ede vdn bdn phdp ludt hudng ddn iuat Cu tru nhu: NgM dinh sd3i/2014/ND-CP, Thdng tu sd 35/20i4/rT-BCA, ThOng tu sS 36/2014/TT-BCA eia BS Cdng an, theo do, dilu kiln dang ky thudng tri duge quy dinh rd rang hon, ddc biet Id d cdc thdnh piid idn nhu Ha NOi v4 TP. Hd Chi Mtoh.
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A N U ( 3 C - SO 289 (2/2020)
NGHIEN CLTU-TRAO DOI
Cdc quy dinh vl vile tdeh khau vd ehuyin khau cung dupe quy dinh chi tilt dl ngudi ddn ed thi dl dang thay dSi noi eu tri vd cdc thong tin ttong sd hO khau. Mac d i ed nhimg quy dinh dl ngudi ddn dl ddng thue hiln dupe QCT eua minh, eac quy dinh phdp luat mdi vl cu tri cung quy dinh chat che hon vl cdc nghia vu eia ngudi ddn trong viec khai bdo thong tin cu mi. Quy ditto ndy 14 dl bdo dam ttdt tu qudn ly eia Nha nude vd thdng qua dd, Nhd nude si ed nhimg ke hoach bdm sdt vdi ddc diem cu ddn eia timg khu vuc.
Phdp ludt qude t l va phdp luat quoe gia dIu cd quy dinii su ban chi quyen nay vi cae ly do an nmh quoc gia, ttdt tii cong eOng, sic jdide, dao due xa hpi. Chdng han, khi edng dan vi pham phdp Mat hi dp dung binh phat hoac hi dp dung biln phdp ngan chdn cam di khdi noi eu tii, cdm xuat canh hay ttong mdt sd Oiidng hpp vi ly do qudc phdng - an ninh, su an todn eia xd bdi, Ipi ieh eia eOng dong ma CO quan ed tham quyln budc cdng ddn phdi cU ddi khdi noi eu tri, din mdt noi cu tri mdi...
Qua nghiln cuu vd phan tich tten, tu gdc dp phdp ly, QTDCT cua cdng ddn Id mdt trong cdc quyen eo bdn eia con ngudi duoc ghi nhdn ttong edc van kiln qudc tl, dupe cdc qude gia thua nhdn, quy dirto trpng Hign phap vd diii?c eu the hda treng ede vdn ban phdp ludt eia Nhd nude, dugc Nh4 nude bao dam thue hiln trong ddi sdng xa hOi.
4. MOt sd kiln nghi hoan tMen phap ludt vl quyln tu do eu tri eia cd nhan
QCT eia edng ddn Id quyln eo bdn, thilt ylu eia con ngudi, ludn duge Dang, Nha nude ta ddc bilt quan tdm v4 bao dam, tap dieu kiln thudn Ipi dl mpi edng ddn thue hiln QCT theo ding yeu eau, nguyen vpng eia minh mOt cdch tdt nhdt. Nhdt la sau hon 13 nam iuaf Cu tru ndm 2006 di vdo eugc sdng da tao budc chuyin biln quan trpng vl vile thue Men QCT eua cdng ddn, ndng cao nhdn thue QLNN vl cu tri.
Tuy nhien, bin carto nMlu tiidnh tuu to Idn dd dat dupe cung edn tdn tai nhimg ban che, bdt cap nhdt dinh trong quy dtoh eia iuat Cu trd can duge khde phuc kip thdi dl dap ung ylu can xdy dung nhd nude phdp quyln xa hpi chi n ^ a vd hdi nhap qudc tl dang dien ra ngdy edng sdu rSng tten cdc Unh vuc eia ddi song xd hOi.
Thu nhit, Luit Cu tru ta ddi da kip thdi eu till hda ede quy dinh trong Hign phap ndm 1992 (sia doi, bd sung ndm 2001) the Men su kl thua, phdt triln cae quy dinh vl QCT eia cdng ddn ttong he thdng phdp ludt Viet Nam. Vdi ttoitog quy dinh tiln bO ttong iuat Cu tru vd edc vdn ban hudng ddn tM hdnh dd ddp img ducre nhu cdu, nguyin vpng ehinh ddng ve eu tri, di lai eua cong ddn va ylu eau QLNN vl eu tri trong dilu kiln ddt nude thuc Men cdng cupc ddi mdi, md eia vd hdi nhap. Ludt sia doi mdt sS dilu cua iuat Cu tni dugc Qudc hdi khda XIII thdng qua ngdy 20/6/2013 tai ky hgp tiiunamvd CO hilu luc thi hdito tii ngdy 01/01/2014 nen c6 nhimg quy dinh khdng cdn p h i hgp hoac chua eu thi hda duge nhung nOi dung co ban vl QCN, quyln vd ngMa vu eo ban cua edng dan, trong dd ed QTDCT vd tu do dl lai duge quy dinh tai Chuong II Hign phip ndm 2013. Dilu dd cho thdy, khi Hign phip nam 2013 dupe ban hdnh vd cd hilu lue thi nUlu Mat chuyin ng4nh dd sira ddi, bd sung ngay sau dd niiimg LuatCu trd din nay chua dugc phap diln hda kip. Vi vdy, rtoieu quy dinh eia iuat Cu tni (se dupe phdn tich d cdc han ehl tilp theo) vdn chua ed thay ddi eho phii hijp vdi thuc tiln, chua dap ring ylu cdu, nhiem vu ddt ra Men nay.
Thuhai, Dilu 18 Hign phip nam 2013 khdng ehi dung d viec bdo ddm quyln cOng ddn ma cdn md rdng bdo ddm QCN vd ddc biet Id ngudi Vilt Nam ndi chung (bao gSm cd edng ddn Vilt Nam vd ngudi goe Vilt Nam theo khoan 3 Dilu 3 iuat Quoc tich ndm 2008). Hien nay, vl ddi tupng dp dung, Luit
m
TAP CHi QUAN LV NHA NU<5C - SO 289 (2/2020)NGHIEN CUU-TRAOD6|
Cu tru quy dinh dp dung dSi vdi eo quan, td chile, ho gia dinh, cOng dan Viet Nam, ngirdi Vilt Nam cliito cu d nude ngodi vdn cdn qudc tich Viet Nam ttd vl Vilt Nam sinh sdng. Vi vdy, can sia Dilu 2 iuat Cu tni vl dSi tugng dp dung Id: "Ludt ndy dp diing ddi vdi eo quan, tS ehue, hd gia dinh vd ngudi Vilt Nam". Vol quy dmh nhu tren, ddi taong dp dung se clii Id nguoi Vilt Nam dinh eu d nude ngodi vdn mang qudc tich Viet Nam hdi huong, ttdvl sinh sdng hdn d Viet Nam ma khdng dp dung dSi vdi ede tradng hpp ngudi gSe Viet Nam hoac ngudi Viet Nam trd vl thdm than nhdn, thdm do khd ndng hcjp tdc ddu tu... Day la van dl chua p h i hpp vdi thiic t l eung nhu dilm mdi eia Hign phap ndm 2013. Vi vdy, nin thay ddi pham vi ddi tugng dp dung eia LuatCu tru tai mgi ngudi ddn Viet Nam vd se cd cdc quy dtoh rieng bilt ddi vdi itodm ngudi gde Viet Nam ttong ede quy dtoh cu thi cua iuaf Cu tru.
Thu ba, ve dieu kiln, thi tuc dang ky iudt Cif tru quy dinh dilu kiln vd thi tuc dang ky thudng tru tai cae tinh rat dem gidn vd thudn tiln (Dilu 19), khong phdn bilt gitia dia bdn ndng thdn vdi dia bdn dd thi d tinh. DSi vdi dilu kiln dang ky thudng t r i tai cac thdnh phd true thude tnmg ucmg, ngodi chd 6 hpp phdp, eSng ddn phdi eu tru liln tuc tai thdnh phd dd tu 01 nam trd len. Ve thu tue dang ky thudng tri, duge quy dinh rdt rd tai Dieu 21 LuitCutru.
Trong dilu kiln hiln nay, kM ching ta dang thiic hiln cdi each hdito cM'nh, day maito phdn cap vd hudng vl co sd, vile quy djnh niiu tten the hiln su khdng phi hop vd tMlu thdng nhdt. Do do, can nhdn thic day du vd manh dan cai each hdnh cMrto trong edng tde dang ky thudng tri dSi vdi edc thdnh phd true thude tnmg uong cung ed thi nop bd so tai cdng an xd, phuong, thi ttan dl tao dilu kiln thudn IgichoedngddnkMthamgia thi tuc dang ky thudng tri. Vile quy ditto nhu vdy thihilnsuphdnedpehocdnganxd.
phudng, thi ttdn d edp eo sd, noi gdn ddn nhdt, true tilp tilp xic va giai quylt itoanh chdng, kip tiidi cdc cdng vile QLNN ddi vdi cdngddn, gdpphdnhanehlsSeap thue MIn thi tue hdnh chitto vd quy dinh thSng nhdt ddi vol QLNN ve ddng ky thudng tri.
Thu tu, sdm sia dSi iuat Cu tru, tilp tue cu thi hda edc quy ditto eia Hign phap ndm 2013 vl QCN, quyln nghia vu eo bdn eia eSng ddn. Ddng todi, rd sodt loai bd cdc quy pham lac hdu, ban hdito bd sung nhimg quy pham mdi vl cu tri trong iuat Cu tni va cd cdc vdn bdn hudng dan thi hanh kip thdi; bao dam su todng nhdt, dSng bd giua iudt Cu tni vdi ede van ban phdp Mat khde cd lien quan nhu Bp luat Dan su, Luit Nhi a...
Thu nam, cing vdi edc quy dinh eia phdp Mat ve cu tri, can cd ttoing bao dam ve ngudn nhdn lue, ttang tMIt hi, eo sdvat chat, phucmg tienldmviee...vd quy ditto eu tol vl img dung cong nghe tbnng tin, xdy dung du Ueu qude gia veddncu,thue MIn Ueh hcrp d i lilu qudn ly dan cu vd quan ly cu tri dl loai hoac gidm bd itoimg tdi hlu, giay td khdng edn thiet hoac khdng cdn phi hcrp vdi phucmg thiic quan Iy trong dilu kiln khoa hpc - cdng nghe phdt triln Men nay. Qua dd, touc tM edng khai, minh bach, nharto chdng, dongian,tietkilmv4kipttidigdpphanndng cao hieu lire, Meu qua QLNN vl eu ttiD
Chd thich:
1. Phan Van Cac. Tu dign Han - Wet. H. NXB Dan tti, 2014, tt. 358.
2. Bai tu dien Tieng Viet H. NXB Van hda Thdng tin, 1999,11.489.
3. Giai thich thuat ngu Luit hoc H. NXB Cong an nhan dan, 1999, tt. 23.
4. 5, 6. NguySn Ngpc Anh (chu bi6n) - Trdn The Quan - Bili XuSn Dinh - NguySn Thi The - Dd Van Cuong. Tim hieu Luit Cu trd NXB Hdng Due, 2008,11.7,8,9.
7. Van phong Quoc hdi. Hien phip nim 1946 nhiing gia tri lich su (sach ehuyen khao). H. NXB Chinh tti quoc gia Su tiiat, 2017, tt. 16.
TAP CHi QUAN L* NHA NlTtSC - SO 289 (2/2020)
